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Rubio-Valle JF, Martín-Alfonso JE, Eugenio ME, Ibarra D, Oliva JM, Manzanares P, Valencia C. Bioethanol lignin-rich residue from olive stones for electrospun nanostructures development and castor oil structuring. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128042. [PMID: 37977476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the chemical and structural characterization of a lignin-rich residue from the bioethanol production of olive stones and its use for nanostructures development by electrospinning and castor oil structuring. The olive stones were treated by sequential acid/steam explosion pretreatment, further pre-saccharification using a hydrolytic enzyme, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). The chemical composition of olive stone lignin-rich residue (OSL) was evaluated by standard analytical methods, showing a high lignin content (81.3 %). Moreover, the structural properties were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and size exclusion chromatography. OSL showed a predominance of β-β' resinol, followed by β-O-4' alkyl aryl ethers and β-5' phenylcoumaran substructures, high molecular weight, and low S/G ratio. Subsequently, electrospun nanostructures were obtained from solutions containing 20 wt% OSL and cellulose triacetate with variable weight ratios in N, N-Dimethylformamide/Acetone blends and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Their morphologies were highly dependent on the rheological properties of polymeric solutions. Gel-like dispersions can be obtained by dispersing the electrospun OSL/CT bead nanofibers and uniform nanofiber mats in castor oil. The rheological properties were influenced by the membrane concentration and the OSL:CT weight ratio, as well as the morphology of the electrospun nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Rubio-Valle
- Pro(2)TecS - Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad de Huelva, ETSI, Campus de "El Carmen", Huelva 21071, Spain
| | - José E Martín-Alfonso
- Pro(2)TecS - Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad de Huelva, ETSI, Campus de "El Carmen", Huelva 21071, Spain
| | - María E Eugenio
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - David Ibarra
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José M Oliva
- Biofuels Unit, Renewable Energies Division, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Paloma Manzanares
- Biofuels Unit, Renewable Energies Division, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Pro(2)TecS - Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad de Huelva, ETSI, Campus de "El Carmen", Huelva 21071, Spain.
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Borrego M, Kuhn E, Martín-Alfonso JE, Franco JM. Assessment of the Tribological Performance of Electrospun Lignin Nanofibrous Web-Thickened Bio-Based Greases in a Nanotribometer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2852. [PMID: 37947697 PMCID: PMC10649236 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The tribological performance of novel bio-based lubricating greases thickened with electrospun lignin nanostructures was investigated in a nanotribometer using a steel-steel ball-on-disc configuration. The impact of electrospun nanofibrous network morphology on friction and wear is explored in this work. Different lignin nanostructures were obtained with electrospinning using ethylcellulose or PVP as co-spinning polymers and subsequently used as thickeners in castor oil at concentrations of 10-30% wt. Friction and wear generally increased with thickener concentration. However, friction and wear decreased when using homogeneous bead-free nanofiber mats (with higher fiber diameter and lower porosity) rather than nanostructures dominated by the presence of particles or beaded fibers, which was favored by reducing the lignin:co-spinning polymer ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Borrego
- Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center (Pro2TecS), Department Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI), Campus de “El Carmen”, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.B.); (J.E.M.-A.)
| | - Erik Kuhn
- Laboratory of Machine Elements and Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Production, Faculty of Engineering Technology and Computer Science, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW-Hamburg), Berliner Tor 21, 20099 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - José E. Martín-Alfonso
- Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center (Pro2TecS), Department Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI), Campus de “El Carmen”, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.B.); (J.E.M.-A.)
| | - José M. Franco
- Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center (Pro2TecS), Department Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI), Campus de “El Carmen”, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.B.); (J.E.M.-A.)
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Borrego M, Martín-Alfonso JE, Valencia C, Sánchez MC, Franco JM. Influence of surfactants on the electrospinnability of lignin-PVP solutions and subsequent oil structuring properties of nanofiber mats. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work focuses on the improvement of the electrospinnability of low-sulfonate lignin (LSL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions by the addition of surfactants (SDS, CTAB and Tween-20) as well as on the ability of resulting nanofibers to structure castor oil. Solutions with two LSL/PVP weight ratios (70:30 and 90:10) in DMF were prepared by adding variable surfactant concentrations (0–1 wt.%), and physicochemically characterized. Electrical conductivity, surface tension and rheological measurements were performed. Variations of these physicochemical properties were explained on the basis of surfactant-polymer interactions. The addition of surfactants to LSL/PVP solutions improves electrospinnability, producing more compact and uniform fiber mats in 70:30 LSL/PVP systems, generally reducing the average diameter of the nanofibers and the number of beads. In contrast, nanofiber mats were not obtained with 90:10 LSL/PVP solutions, but different nanostructures composed of particle clusters. Dispersions of nanofiber mats obtained by electrospinning from 70:30 LSL/PVP solutions in castor oil were able to generate physically stable strong oleogels. In general, linear viscoelastic functions of oleogels increased with surfactant concentration. In addition, these oleogels exhibited excellent lubrication performance in a tribological contact, with extremely low values of the friction coefficient and wear diameters, which may lead to potential applications as lubricants.
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Abstract
Biolubricants generated from biomass and other wastes can reduce the carbon footprint of manufacturing processes and power generation. In this paper, the properties and uses of biolubricants have been compared thoroughly with conventional mineral-based lubricants. The biolubricants, which are currently based on vegetable oils, are discussed in terms of their physicochemical and thermophysical properties, stability, and biodegradability. This mini-review points out the main features of the existing biolubricants, and puts forward the case of using sustainable biolubricants, which can be generated from agro-residues via thermochemical processes. The properties, applications, and limitations of non-edible oils and waste-derived oils, such as bio-oil from pyrolysis and bio-crude from hydrothermal liquefaction, are discussed in the context of biolubricants. While the existing studies on biolubricants have mostly focused on the use of vegetable oils and some non-edible oils, there is a need to shift to waste-derived oils, which is highlighted in this paper. This perspective compares the key properties of conventional oils with different oils derived from renewable resources and wastes. In the authors’ opinion, the use of waste-derived oils is a potential future option to address the problem of the waste management and supply of biolubricant for various applications including machining, milling applications, biological applications, engine oils, and compressor oils. In order to achieve this, significant research needs to be conducted to evaluate salient properties such as viscosity, flash point, biodegradability, thermo-oxidative and storage stability of the oils, technoeconomics, and sustainability, which are highlighted in this review.
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Zhou C, Ren G, Fan X, Lv Y. Probing the effect of thickener microstructure on rheological and tribological properties of grease. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lignocellulosic Materials for the Production of Biofuels, Biochemicals and Biomaterials and Applications of Lignocellulose-Based Polyurethanes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050881. [PMID: 35267704 PMCID: PMC8912558 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review is devoted to the description of the state-of-the-art techniques and procedures concerning treatments and modifications of lignocellulosic materials in order to use them as precursors for biomaterials, biochemicals and biofuels, with particular focus on lignin and lignin-based products. Four different main pretreatment types are outlined, i.e., thermal, mechanical, chemical and biological, with special emphasis on the biological action of fungi and bacteria. Therefore, by selecting a determined type of fungi or bacteria, some of the fractions may remain unaltered, while others may be decomposed. In this sense, the possibilities to obtain different final products are massive, depending on the type of microorganism and the biomass selected. Biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials derived from lignocellulose are extensively described, covering those obtained from the lignocellulose as a whole, but also from the main biopolymers that comprise its structure, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, special attention has been paid to the formulation of bio-polyurethanes from lignocellulosic materials, focusing more specifically on their applications in the lubricant, adhesive and cushioning material fields. High-performance alternatives to petroleum-derived products have been reported, such as adhesives that substantially exceed the adhesion performance of those commercially available in different surfaces, lubricating greases with tribological behaviour superior to those in lithium and calcium soap and elastomers with excellent static and dynamic performance.
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Investigation of Tribological Behavior of Lubricating Greases Composed of Different Bio-Based Polymer Thickeners. LUBRICANTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants9080080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One commonly used lubricant in rolling bearings is grease, which consists of base oil, thickener and small amounts of additives. Commercial greases are mostly produced from petrochemical base oil and thickener. Recently, the development of base oils from renewable resources have been significantly focused on in the lubricant industry. However, to produce an entirely bio-based grease, the thickener must also be produced from renewable materials. Therefore, this work presents the design and evaluation of three different bio-based polymer thickener systems. Tribological tests are performed to characterize lubrication properties of developed bio-based greases. The effect of thickener type on film thickness and friction behavior of the produced bio-based greases is evaluated on a ball-on-disc tribometer. Moreover, the results are compared to a commercial petrochemical grease chosen as benchmark.
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Thampi AD, Alokkan D, Biju G, Sasidharan B, Rani S. Influence of grease formulation parameters on the tribological property of rice bran oil based lubricating grease. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananthan D. Thampi
- Advanced Tribology Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Trivandrum Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Deepkant Alokkan
- Advanced Tribology Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Trivandrum Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Gokul Biju
- Advanced Tribology Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Trivandrum Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Baiju Sasidharan
- Advanced Tribology Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Trivandrum Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Santhakumari Rani
- Advanced Tribology Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Trivandrum Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
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