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Stocco E, Barbon S, Emmi A, Tiengo C, De Caro R, Macchi V, Porzionato A. Commentary: Techniques and graft materials for repairing peripheral nerve defects. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1420324. [PMID: 38974681 PMCID: PMC11224285 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1420324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Aron Emmi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling, Onlus, Padova, Italy
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Yamamoto O, Saito R, Ohseki Y, Hoshino A. Nerve Regeneration and Gait Function Recovery with Implantation of Glucose/Mannose Conduits Using a Rat Model: Efficacy of Glucose/Mannose as a New Neurological Guidance Material. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:157. [PMID: 38391643 PMCID: PMC10886352 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy with clinical nerve guidance conduits often causes functional incompleteness in patients. With the aim of better therapeutic efficacy, nerve regeneration and gait function were investigated in this study using a novel nerve guidance conduit consisting of glucose/mannose. The glucose/mannose nerve guidance conduits were prepared by filling the conduits with the glucose/mannose aqueous solutions for different kinematic viscosity, which were applied to sciatic nerve defects (6 mm gap) in a rat model. The nerve regeneration effect and the gait function recovery with the fabricated nerve guidance conduits were examined. From the results of the XRD measurement, the glucose/mannose conduits were identified as crystal structures of cellulose type II. Young's modulus and the maximum tensile strength of the crystalline glucose/mannose conduits demonstrated good strength and softness for the human nerve. Above 4 weeks postoperative, macroscopic observation revealed that the nerve was regenerated in the defective area. In various staining results of the nerve tissue removed at 4 weeks postoperative, myelinated nerves contributing to gait function could not be observed in the proximal and distal sites to the central nerve. At 8-12 weeks postoperative, myelinated nerves were found at the proximal and distal sites in hematoxylin/eosin staining. Glia cells were confirmed by phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining. Continuous nerve fibers were observed clearly in the sections of the regenerated nerves towards the longitudinal direction at 12 weeks postoperative. The angle between the metatarsophalangeal joint and the ground plane was approximately 93° in intact rats. At 4 weeks postoperative, walking was not possible, but at 8 weeks postoperative, the rats were able to walk, with an angle of 53°. At 12 weeks postoperative, the angle increased further, reaching 65°, confirming that the rats were able to walk more quickly than at 8 weeks postoperative. These results demonstrated that gait function in rats treated with glucose/mannose nerve guidance conduits was rapidly recovered after 8 weeks postoperative. The glucose/mannose nerve guidance conduit could be applied as a new promising candidate material for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Risa Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohseki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Asami Hoshino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
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Wang Y, Shi G, Huang TCT, Li J, Long Z, Reisdorf R, Shin AY, Amadio P, Behfar A, Zhao C, Moran SL. Enhancing Functional Recovery after Segmental Nerve Defect Using Nerve Allograft Treated with Plasma-Derived Exosome. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:1247-1258. [PMID: 36912739 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve injuries can result in detrimental functional outcomes. Currently, autologous nerve graft offers the best outcome for segmental peripheral nerve injury. Allografts are alternatives, but do not have comparable results. This study evaluated whether plasma-derived exosome can improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery when combined with decellularized nerve allografts. METHODS The effect of exosomes on Schwann cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. A rat model of sciatic nerve repair was used to evaluate the effect on nerve regeneration and functional recovery. A fibrin sealant was used as the scaffold for exosome. Eighty-four Lewis rats were divided into autograft, allograft, and allograft with exosome groups. Gene expression of nerve regeneration factors was analyzed on postoperative day 7. At 12 and 16 weeks, rats were subjected to maximum isometric tetanic force and compound muscle action potential. Nerve specimens were then analyzed by means of histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Exosomes were readily taken up by Schwann cells that resulted in improved Schwann cell viability and migration. The treated allograft group had functional recovery (compound muscle action potential, isometric tetanic force) comparable to that of the autograft group. Similar results were observed in gene expression analysis of nerve regenerating factors. Histologic analysis showed no statistically significant differences between treated allograft and autograft groups in terms of axonal density, fascicular area, and myelin sheath thickness. CONCLUSIONS Plasma-derived exosome treatment of decellularized nerve allograft may provide comparable clinical outcomes to that of an autograft. This can be a promising strategy in the future as an alternative for segmental peripheral nerve repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Off-the-shelf exosomes may improve recovery in nerve allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Wang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Guidong Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Tianjin Medical University
| | | | - Jialun Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | | | | | - Atta Behfar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic
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Wu S, Shen W, Ge X, Ao F, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Jia X, Mao Y, Luo Y. Advances in Large Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair and Regeneration with Bridging Nerve Guidance Conduits. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300078. [PMID: 37235853 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common complication of accidents and diseases. The traditional autologous nerve graft approach remains the gold standard for the treatment of nerve injuries. While sources of autologous nerve grafts are very limited and difficult to obtain. Nerve guidance conduits are widely used in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries as an alternative to nerve autografts and allografts. However, the development of nerve conduits does not meet the needs of large gap peripheral nerve injury. Functional nerve conduits can provide a good microenvironment for axon elongation and myelin regeneration. Herein, the manufacturing methods and different design types of functional bridging nerve conduits for nerve conduits combined with electrical or magnetic stimulation and loaded with Schwann cells, etc., are summarized. It summarizes the literature and finds that the technical solutions of functional nerve conduits with electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and nerve conduits combined with Schwann cells can be used as effective strategies for bridging large gap nerve injury and provide an effective way for the study of large gap nerve injury repair. In addition, functional nerve conduits provide a new way to construct delivery systems for drugs and growth factors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fen Ao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoni Jia
- Central Laboratory, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yueyang Mao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yali Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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Wan T, Wang YL, Zhang FS, Zhang XM, Zhang YC, Jiang HR, Zhang M, Zhang PX. The Porous Structure of Peripheral Nerve Guidance Conduits: Features, Fabrication, and Implications for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14132. [PMID: 37762437 PMCID: PMC10531895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous structure is an important three-dimensional morphological feature of the peripheral nerve guidance conduit (NGC), which permits the infiltration of cells, nutrients, and molecular signals and the discharge of metabolic waste. Porous structures with precisely customized pore sizes, porosities, and connectivities are being used to construct fully permeable, semi-permeable, and asymmetric peripheral NGCs for the replacement of traditional nerve autografts in the treatment of long-segment peripheral nerve injury. In this review, the features of porous structures and the classification of NGCs based on these characteristics are discussed. Common methods for constructing 3D porous NGCs in current research are described, as well as the pore characteristics and the parameters used to tune the pores. The effects of the porous structure on the physical properties of NGCs, including biodegradation, mechanical performance, and permeability, were analyzed. Pore structure affects the biological behavior of Schwann cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells during peripheral nerve regeneration. The construction of ideal porous structures is a significant advancement in the regeneration of peripheral nerve tissue engineering materials. The purpose of this review is to generalize, summarize, and analyze methods for the preparation of porous NGCs and their biological functions in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration to guide the development of medical nerve repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng-Shi Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Chong Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hao-Ran Jiang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
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Puricelli C, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Sacchetti S, Pantham D, Scomparin A, Rolla R, Pizzimenti S, Dianzani U, Boggio E, Sutti S. Use of Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nano and Micro Particles in the Delivery of Drugs Modulating Different Phases of Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1772. [PMID: 37376219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including apparently unrelated conditions such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis, and tumors, but the use of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs to treat these diseases is generally not very effective given their adverse effects. In addition, some alternative anti-inflammatory medications, such as many natural compounds, have scarce solubility and stability, which are associated with low bioavailability. Therefore, encapsulation within nanoparticles (NPs) may represent an effective strategy to enhance the pharmacological properties of these bioactive molecules, and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs have been widely used because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability and possibility to finely tune erosion time, hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature, and mechanical properties by acting on the polymer's composition and preparation technique. Many studies have been focused on the use of PLGA-NPs to deliver immunosuppressive treatments for autoimmune and allergic diseases or to elicit protective immune responses, such as in vaccination and cancer immunotherapy. By contrast, this review is focused on the use of PLGA NPs in preclinical in vivo models of other diseases in which a key role is played by chronic inflammation or unbalance between the protective and reparative phases of inflammation, with a particular focus on intestinal bowel disease; cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, osteoarticular, and ocular diseases; and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Puricelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Sacchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Deepika Pantham
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Nerve Regeneration Effect of a Composite Bioactive Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Nerve Conduit with a Radial Texture. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249039. [PMID: 36558171 PMCID: PMC9783930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) has been used as a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) material for bridging peripheral nerve defects due to its biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic properties. However, the nerve regeneration effect of chitosan alone is restricted due to its inadequate biological activity. Herein, a composite, bioactive chitosan based nerve conduit, consisting of outer warp-knitted tube scaffold made from medical-grade chitosan fiber, and inner porous cross linked carboxymethyl chitosan (C-CM-CTS) sponge with radial texture was developed. The inner wall of the scaffold was coated with C-CM-CTS solution. CM-CTS provided favorable bioactivities in the composite chitosan-based nerve conduit. An in vitro study of CM-CTS revealed its satisfying biocompatibility with fibroblast and its inhibition of oxidative damage to Schwann cells. As the internal filler of the NGC, the lyophilized sponge of C-CM-CTS showed a longitudinal guidance effect for nerve reconstruction. After 10 mm defect in rat sciatic nerve was bridged with the composite bioactive chitosan-based nerve conduit, the nerve conduit was able to effectively promote axonal regeneration and played a positive role in inducing nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In addition to the functional advantages, which are equal to those of an autograft; the technology for the preparation of this conduit can be put into mass production.
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8
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Multichannel nerve conduit based on chitosan derivates for peripheral nerve regeneration and Schwann cell survival. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mohseni M, Toloee P, Nademi N. Rheological and electrical behavior of core–shell conduit comprising PCL-chitosan-gelatin/Al 2O 3 nanofibers and gellan-agar/poly aniline-graphene. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2138764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Mohseni
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouriya Toloee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Nademi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Xue W, Shi W, Kong Y, Kuss M, Duan B. Anisotropic scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4141-4160. [PMID: 33997498 PMCID: PMC8099454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of long-gap (>10 mm) peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a continuous challenge due to limited native tissue regeneration capabilities. The current clinical strategy of using autografts for PNI suffers from a source shortage, while the pharmacological treatment for SCI presents dissatisfactory results. Tissue engineering, as an alternative, is a promising approach for regenerating peripheral nerves and spinal cords. Through providing a beneficial environment, a scaffold is the primary element in tissue engineering. In particular, scaffolds with anisotropic structures resembling the native extracellular matrix (ECM) can effectively guide neural outgrowth and reconnection. In this review, the anatomy of peripheral nerves and spinal cords, as well as current clinical treatments for PNI and SCI, is first summarized. An overview of the critical components in peripheral nerve and spinal cord tissue engineering and the current status of regeneration approaches are also discussed. Recent advances in the fabrication of anisotropic surface patterns, aligned fibrous substrates, and 3D hydrogel scaffolds, as well as their in vitro and in vivo effects are highlighted. Finally, we summarize potential mechanisms underlying the anisotropic architectures in orienting axonal and glial cell growth, along with their challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Gregory H, Phillips JB. Materials for peripheral nerve repair constructs: Natural proteins or synthetic polymers? Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104953. [PMID: 33388359 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficacious repair of severe peripheral nerve injuries is currently an unmet clinical need, and biomaterial constructs offer a promising approach to help promote nerve regeneration. Current research focuses on the development of more sophisticated constructs with complex architecture and the addition of regenerative agents to encourage timely reinnervation and promote functional recovery. This review surveyed the present landscape of nerve repair construct literature with a focus on six selected materials that are frequently encountered in this application: the natural proteins collagen, chitosan, and silk, and the synthetic polymers poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly-glycolic acid (PGA). This review also investigated the use of cell therapy in nerve repair constructs, and in all instances concentrated on publications reporting constructs developed and tested in vivo in the last five years (2015-2020). Across the selected literature, the popularity of natural proteins and synthetic polymers appears to be broadly equivalent, with a similar number of studies reporting successful outcomes in vivo. Both material types are also utilised as vehicles for cell therapy, which has much potential to improve the results of nerve bridging for treating longer gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - James B Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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