1
|
Sprague L, Muccioli M, Pate M, Singh M, Xiong C, Ostermann A, Niese B, Li Y, Li Y, Courreges MC, Benencia F. Dendritic cells: In vitro culture in two- and three-dimensional collagen systems and expression of collagen receptors in tumors and atherosclerotic microenvironments. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:7-27. [PMID: 24569142 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells found in the peripheral tissues where they sample the organism for infections or malignancies. There they take up antigens and migrate towards immunological organs to contact and activate T lymphocytes that specifically recognize the antigen presented by these antigen presenting cells. In the steady state there are several types of resident DCs present in various different organs. For example, in the mouse, splenic DC populations characterized by the co-expression of CD11c and CD8 surface markers are specialized in cross-presentation to CD8 T cells, while CD11c/SIRP-1α DCs seem to be dedicated to activating CD4 T cells. On the other hand, DCs have also been associated with the development of various diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, or inflammatory conditions. In such disease, DCs can participate by inducing angiogenesis or immunosuppression (tumors), promoting autoimmune responses, or exacerbating inflammation (atherosclerosis). This change in DC biology can be prompted by signals in the microenvironment. We have previously shown that the interaction of DCs with various extracellular matrix components modifies the immune properties and angiogenic potential of these cells. Building on those studies, herewith we analyzed the angiogenic profile of murine myeloid DCs upon interaction with 2D and 3D type-I collagen environments. As determined by PCR array technology and quantitative PCR analysis we observed that interaction with these collagen environments induced the expression of particular angiogenic molecules. In addition, DCs cultured on collagen environments specifically upregulated the expression of CXCL-1 and -2 chemokines. We were also able to establish DC cultures on type-IV collagen environments, a collagen type expressed in pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis. When we examined DC populations in atherosclerotic veins of Apolipoprotein E deficient mice we observed that they expressed adhesion molecules capable of interacting with collagen. Finally, to further investigate the interaction of DCs with collagen in other pathological conditions, we determined that both murine ovarian and breast cancer cells express several collagen molecules that can contribute to shape their particular tumor microenvironment. Consistently, tumor-associated DCs were shown to express adhesion molecules capable of interacting with collagen molecules as determined by flow cytometry analysis. Of particular relevance, tumor-associated DCs expressed high levels of CD305/LAIR-1, an immunosuppressive receptor. This suggests that signaling through this molecule upon interaction with collagen produced by tumor cells might help define the poorly immunogenic status of these cells in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these studies demonstrate that through interaction with collagen proteins, DCs can be capable of modifying the microenvironments of inflammatory disease such as cancer or atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslee Sprague
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, USA
| | - Maria Muccioli
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, USA
| | - Michelle Pate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA
| | - Manindra Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, USA
| | - Chengkai Xiong
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, USA
| | - Alexander Ostermann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA
| | - Brandon Niese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA
| | - Yihan Li
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, USA
| | - Yandi Li
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, USA
| | - Maria Cecilia Courreges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA
| | - Fabian Benencia
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, USA; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Florczyk SJ, Liu G, Kievit FM, Lewis AM, Wu JD, Zhang M. 3D porous chitosan-alginate scaffolds: a new matrix for studying prostate cancer cell-lymphocyte interactions in vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:590-9. [PMID: 23184794 PMCID: PMC3682216 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains palliative. Immunotherapy offers a potentially effective therapy for CRPC; however, its advancement into the clinic has been slow, in part because of the lack of representative in vitro tumor models that resemble the in vivo tumor microenvironment for studying interactions of CRPC cells with immune cells and other potential therapeutics. This study evaluates the use of 3D porous chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds for culturing human prostate cancer (PCa) cells and studying tumor cell interaction with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) ex vivo. CA scaffolds and Matrigel matrix samples support in vitro tumor spheroid formation over 15 d of culture, and CA scaffolds support live-cell fluorescence imaging with confocal microscopy using stably transfected PCa cells for 55 d. PCa cells grown in Matrigel matrix and CA scaffolds for 15 d are co-cultured with PBLs for 2 and 6 d in vitro and evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry. Both the Matrigel matrix and CA scaffolds support interaction of PBLs with PCa tumors, with CA scaffolds providing a more robust platform for subsequent analyses. This study demonstrates the use of 3D natural polymer scaffolds as a tissue culture model for supporting long-term analysis of interaction of prostate cancer tumor cells with immune cells, providing an in vitro platform for rapid immunotherapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Florczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 302L Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Forrest M. Kievit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 302L Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Allison M. Lewis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 302L Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer D. Wu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 302L Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ogino T, Onishi H, Suzuki H, Morisaki T, Tanaka M, Katano M. Inclusive estimation of complex antigen presentation functions of monocyte-derived dendritic cells differentiated under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:409-24. [PMID: 21932134 PMCID: PMC11029581 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) generated from monocytes under 20% O2 are now used as therapeutic tools for cancer patients. However, the O2 concentration is between 3 and 0.5% in most tissues. We evaluated these complicated functions of DCs under oxygen tensions mimicking in vivo situations. Immature DCs (imDCs) were generated from monocytes using IL-4 and GM-CSF under normoxia (20% O2; N-imDCs) or hypoxia (1% O2; H-imDCs). Mature DCs (mDCs) were induced with LPS. DCs were further exposed to normoxia (N/N-DCs) or hypoxia (N/H-DCs and H/H-DCs) conditions. Using a 2-D culture system, H-DCs were smaller in size than N-DCs, and H/H-DCs exhibited higher allo-T cell stimulation ability than N/N-DCs and N/H-DCs. On the other hand, motility and phagocytic ability of H/H-DCs were significantly lower than those of N/H-DCs and N/N-DCs. In a 3-D culture system, however, maturation of H/H-imDCs and N/H-imDCs was suppressed compared with N/N-imDCs as a result of their decreased motility and phagocytosis. Interestingly, silencing of HIF-1α by RNA interference decreased CD83 expression without affecting any antigen presentation abilities except for the ability to stimulate the allo-T cell population. Our data could help our understanding of DCs, especially therapeutic DCs, in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshitatsu Ogino
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | | | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Katano
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang YT, Li W, Liu Q, Guan X, Hu J. Dendritic cells treated with HPV16mE7 in a three-dimensional model promote the secretion of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:325-30. [PMID: 21463625 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA therapeutic vaccine represents a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, the mechanism of the HPV DNA vaccine is poorly understood. Moreover, current strategies have met with only limited success in preclinical and dendritic cell-based (DC-based) clinical research. In addition, two-dimensional (2-D) DC monolayers poorly mimic the physiology function in vivo. We used a three-dimensional (3-D) DC culture model in vitro to explore the immune mechanism of the HPV DNA vaccine. DCs were generated from peripheral blood monocytes with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The cells, growing in 3-D collagen gel, were treated with pcDNA3.1-HPV16mE7 in vitro for 48 h. Compared to DCs treated with E7 in a 2-D culture model, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD40 were significantly increased in the 3-D model (p<0.05), and a remarkable increase of IL-12 p70 was observed. However, we did not detect any obvious change in IL-10 in 3-D culture. In addition, we found that IFN-γ expression increased when HPV16mE7-DC cells were co-cultured with T-cells for 96 h in the 3-D model, and HPV16mE7-DCs stimulated the proliferation of T lymphocytes more efficiently in the 3-D model than in the 2-D model (p<0.05). These results suggest that DCs in 3-D culture model have a notable effect on the enhancement of the HPV16 DNA vaccine's immune reaction and indicate that the DC-based 3-D model is a novel approach to study the HPV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ting Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berencsi K, Rani P, Zhang T, Gross L, Mastrangelo M, Meropol NJ, Herlyn D, Somasundaram R. In vitro migration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte derived from a colon carcinoma patient is dependent on CCL2 and CCR2. J Transl Med 2011; 9:33. [PMID: 21450101 PMCID: PMC3076246 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infiltration of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) with T-cells has been associated with good prognosis. There are some indications that chemokines could be involved in T-cell infiltration of tumors. Selective modulation of chemokine activity at the tumor site could attract immune cells resulting in tumor growth inhibition. In mouse tumor model systems, gene therapy with chemokines or administration of antibody (Ab)-chemokine fusion proteins have provided potent immune mediated tumor rejection which was mediated by infiltrating T cells at the tumor site. To develop such immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer patients, one must identify chemokines and their receptors involved in T-cell migration toward tumor cells. Methods To identify chemokine and chemokine receptors involved in T-cell migration toward CRC cells, we have used our previously published three-dimensional organotypic CRC culture system. Organotypic culture was initiated with a layer of fetal fibroblast cells mixed with collagen matrix in a 24 well tissue culture plate. A layer of CRC cells was placed on top of the fibroblast-collagen layer which was followed by a separating layer of fibroblasts in collagen matrix. Anti-CRC specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) mixed with fibroblasts in collagen matrix were placed on top of the separating layer. Excess chemokine ligand (CCL) or Abs to chemokine or chemokine receptor (CCR) were used in migration inhibition assays to identify the chemokine and the receptor involved in CTL migration. Results Inclusion of excess CCL2 in T-cell layer or Ab to CCL2 in separating layer of collagen fibroblasts blocked the migration of CTLs toward tumor cells and in turn significantly inhibited tumor cell apoptosis. Also, Ab to CCR2 in the separating layer of collagen and fibroblasts blocked the migration of CTLs toward tumor cells and subsequently inhibited tumor cell apoptosis. Expression of CCR2 in four additional CRC patients' lymphocytes isolated from infiltrating tumor tissues suggests their role in migration in other CRC patients. Conclusions Our data suggest that CCL2 secreted by tumor cells and CCR2 receptors on CTLs are involved in migration of CTLs towards tumor. Gene therapy of tumor cells with CCL2 or CCL2/anti-tumor Ab fusion proteins may attract CTLs that potentially could inhibit tumor growth.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kivisäkk P, Imitola J, Rasmussen S, Elyaman W, Zhu B, Ransohoff RM, Khoury SJ. Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: meningeal antigen-presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann Neurol 2009; 65:457-69. [PMID: 18496841 PMCID: PMC3305810 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The onset of neurological signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is tightly associated with infiltration and reactivation of T cells in the central nervous system. The anatomic localization of the initial T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions leading to reactivation of T cells in the central nervous system is, however, still unclear. We hypothesized that activated CD4(+) T cells gain direct access to the subarachnoid space and become reactivated on encounter with cognate antigen in this compartment. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55, and interactions between CD4(+) T cells and major histocompatibility class II+ APCs in the subarachnoid space were investigated using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy of leptomeningeal whole-mount preparations, time-lapse microscopy of leptomeningeal explants, and in vitro proliferation assays. RESULTS CD4(+) T cells, polarized to produce Th1/Th17 cytokines, accumulated in the subarachnoid space early during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, before CD4(+) T cells were detected in the spinal cord parenchyma. At this time point, leptomeningeal but not parenchymal CD4(+) T cells incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, indicating local proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in the subarachnoid space. Time-lapse microscopy indicated that these CD4(+) T cells actively scanned the tissue and interacted with local major histocompatibility class II+ APCs, resulting in long-lasting interactions between CD4(+) T cells and major histocompatibility class II+ APCs, suggestive of immunological synapses. INTERPRETATION These results support the concept that immune surveillance of the central nervous system involves the subarachnoid space and indicate that the leptomeninges play an important role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis initiation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Glycoproteins
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Immunologic Surveillance/immunology
- Meninges/immunology
- Meninges/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Subarachnoid Space/cytology
- Subarachnoid Space/immunology
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kivisäkk
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stine Rasmussen
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Samia J Khoury
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takezawa T, Takeuchi T, Nitani A, Takayama Y, Kino-Oka M, Taya M, Enosawa S. Collagen vitrigel membrane useful for paracrine assays in vitro and drug delivery systems in vivo. J Biotechnol 2007; 131:76-83. [PMID: 17624459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously succeeded in converting a soft and turbid disk of type-I collagen gel into a strong and transparent vitrigel membrane utilizing a concept for the vitrification of heat-denatured proteins and have demonstrated its protein-permeability and advantage as a scaffold for reconstructing crosstalk models between two different cell types. In this study, we observed the nano-structure of the type-I collagen vitrigel membrane and verified its utility for paracrine assays in vitro and drug delivery systems in vivo. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the vitrigel membrane was a dense network architecture of typical type-I collagen fibrils. In the crosstalk model between PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells and L929 fibroblasts, nerve growth factor (NGF) secreted from L929 cells passed through the collagen vitrigel membrane and induced the neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells by its paracrine effect. Also, the collagen vitrigel membrane containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed sustained-release of VEGF in vitro and its subcutaneous transplantation into a rat resulted in remarkable angiogenesis. These data suggest that the collagen vitrigel membrane is useful for paracrine assays in vitro and drug delivery systems in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takezawa
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology (currently, Transgenic Animal Research Center), National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Shikh ME, El Sayed RM, Tew JG, Szakal AK. Follicular dendritic cells stimulated by collagen type I develop dendrites and networks in vitro. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 329:81-9. [PMID: 17372768 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) reside in germinal centers in which their dendrites interdigitate and form non-mobile networks. FDC purification requires the use of collagenase and selection columns and leaves FDCs without detectable dendrites when examined by light microscopy. We have reasoned that isolated FDCs might reattach to a collagen matrix, extend their processes, and form immobile networks in vitro. As a test for this, cells were plated on collagen type I, laminin, biglycan, and hyaluronan. After 12 h, 80%-90% of FDCs adhered to all tested matrices but not to plastic. Within 2 weeks, FDCs adhering to type I collagen had spread out and had begun to acquire processes with occasional interconnections. By day 30, most FDCs had fine processes that formed networks through interdigitation with neighboring cells. FDC identity was confirmed by FDC-M1 labeling, immune complex trapping, and retention by FDCs in the networks. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that groups of FDCs were in networks composed of convolutions and branching dendrites emanating from FDC cell bodies. In vivo, collagen type I was co-localized with FDCs, 5 h after challenge of immune mice with antigen. However, 2 days later, the collagen type I fibers were largely found at the periphery of the active follicles. Flow cytometry established the expression of CD29 and CD44 on FDCs; this may have partly mediated FDC-collagen interactions. Thus, we report, for the first time, that FDCs attach to collagen type I in vitro and regenerate their processes and networks with features in common with networks present in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E El Shikh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980678, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Berencsi K, Meropol NJ, Hoffman JP, Sigurdson E, Giles L, Rani P, Somasundaram R, Zhang T, Kalabis J, Caputo L, Furth E, Swoboda R, Marincola F, Herlyn D. Colon carcinoma cells induce CXCL11-dependent migration of CXCR3-expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes in organotypic culture. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:359-70. [PMID: 16783574 PMCID: PMC11029859 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients with cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been hampered by the inability of the CTL to home into tumors in vivo. Chemokines can attract T lymphocytes to the tumor site, as demonstrated in animal models, but the role of chemokines in T-lymphocyte trafficking toward human tumor cells is relatively unexplored. In the present study, the role of chemokines and their receptors in the migration of a colon carcinoma (CC) patient's CTL toward autologous tumor cells has been studied in a novel three-dimensional organotypic CC culture. CTL migration was mediated by chemokine receptor CXCR3 expressed by the CTL and CXCL11 chemokine secreted by the tumor cells. Excess CXCL11 or antibodies to CXCL11 or CXCR3 inhibited migration of CTL to tumor cells. T cell and tumor cell analyses for CXCR3 and CXCL11 expression, respectively, in ten additional CC samples, may suggest their involvement in other CC patients. Our studies, together with previous studies indicating angiostatic activity of CXCL11, suggest that CXCL11 may be useful as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer patients when transduced into tumor cells or fused to tumor antigen-specific Ab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Berencsi
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Neal J. Meropol
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - John P. Hoffman
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Elin Sigurdson
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Lydia Giles
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Pyapalli Rani
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Tianqian Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jiri Kalabis
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Laura Caputo
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Emma Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rolf Swoboda
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Dorothee Herlyn
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang T, Somasundaram R, Berencsi K, Caputo L, Gimotty P, Rani P, Guerry D, Swoboda R, Herlyn D. Migration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes toward melanoma cells in three-dimensional organotypic culture is dependent on CCL2 and CCR4. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:457-67. [PMID: 16421945 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200526208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies in experimental animal models have demonstrated that chemokines produced by tumor cells attract chemokine receptor-positive T lymphocytes into the tumor area. However, in cancer patients, the role of chemokines in T lymphocyte trafficking toward human tumor cells is relatively unexplored. In the present study, the migration of a melanoma patient's CTL toward autologous tumor cells has been studied in a novel three-dimensional organotypic melanoma culture. In this model, CTL migrated toward tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. CTL migration was mediated by the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 expressed by the CTL and the CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2 secreted by the tumor cells, as evidenced by blockage of CTL migration by CCL2 or antibodies to CCL2 or CCR4. These results were confirmed in a Transwell migration assay in which the CTL actively migrated toward isolated CCL2 and migration was inhibited by anti-CCR4 antibody. These studies, together with previous studies in mice indicating regression of CCL2-transduced tumor cells, suggest that CCL2 may be useful as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqian Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4268, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang T, Somasundaram R, Berencsi K, Caputo L, Rani P, Guerry D, Furth E, Rollins BJ, Putt M, Gimotty P, Swoboda R, Herlyn M, Herlyn D. CXC chemokine ligand 12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha) and CXCR4-dependent migration of CTLs toward melanoma cells in organotypic culture. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:5856-63. [PMID: 15843590 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies in experimental animal models have demonstrated that chemokines produced by tumor cells attract chemokine receptor-positive T lymphocytes into the tumor area, which may lead to tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. However, in cancer patients, the role of chemokines in T lymphocyte trafficking toward human tumor cells is relatively unexplored. In the present study, the role of chemokines and their receptors in the migration of a melanoma patient's CTL toward autologous tumor cells has been studied in a novel organotypic melanoma culture, consisting of a bottom layer of collagen type I with embedded fibroblasts followed successively by a tumor cell layer, collagen/fibroblast separating layer, and, finally, a top layer of collagen with embedded fibroblasts and T cells. In this model, CTL migrated from the top layer through the separating layer toward tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. CTL migration was mediated by chemokine receptor CXCR4 expressed by the CTL and CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha) secreted by tumor cells, as evidenced by blockage of CTL migration by Abs to CXCL12 or CXCR4, high concentrations of CXCL12 or small molecule CXCR4 antagonist. These studies, together with studies in mice indicating regression of CXCL12-transduced tumor cells, followed by regression of nontransduced challenge tumor cells, suggest that CXCL12 may be useful as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer patients, when transduced into tumor cells, or fused to anti-tumor Ag Ab or tumor Ag.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL12
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Coculture Techniques
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- K562 Cells
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/pathology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CXCR4/physiology
- Stromal Cells/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
Collapse
|