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Czekaj P, Król M, Kolanko E, Wieczorek P, Bogunia E, Hermyt M, Grajoszek A, Prusek A. Optimization of methods for intrasplenic administration of human amniotic epithelial cells in order to perform safe and effective cell-based therapy for liver diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1599-1617. [PMID: 38769232 PMCID: PMC11319411 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In animal experimental models the administration of stem cells into the spleen should ensure high effectiveness of their implantation in the liver due to a direct vascular connection between the two organs. The aim of this study was to update the methods of experimental intrasplenic cell transplantation using human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) which are promising cells in the treatment of liver diseases. BALB/c mice were administered intrasplenically with 0.5, 1, and 2 million hAECs by direct bolus injection (400 µl/min) and via a subcutaneous splenic port by fast (20 μl/min) and slow (10 μl/min) infusion. The port was prepared by translocating the spleen to the skin pocket. The spleen, liver, and lungs were collected at 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h after the administration of cells. The distribution of hAECs, histopathological changes in the organs, complete blood count, and biochemical markers of liver damage were assessed. It has been shown that the method of intrasplenic cell administration affects the degree of liver damage. The largest number of mice showing significant liver damage was observed after direct administration and the lowest after slow administration through a port. Liver damage increased with the number of administered cells, which, paradoxically, resulted in increased liver colonization efficiency. It was concluded that the administration of 1 × 106 hAECs by slow infusion via a subcutaneous splenic port reduces the incidence of complications at the expense of a slight decrease in the effectiveness of implantation of the transplanted cells in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Król
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Emanuel Kolanko
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Patrycja Wieczorek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Edyta Bogunia
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Mateusz Hermyt
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Aniela Grajoszek
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Prusek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
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2
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Browne DJ, Miller CM, Doolan DL. Technical pitfalls when collecting, cryopreserving, thawing, and stimulating human T-cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382192. [PMID: 38812513 PMCID: PMC11133553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The collection, cryopreservation, thawing, and culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can profoundly influence T cell viability and immunogenicity. Gold-standard PBMC processing protocols have been developed by the Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination (HANC); however, these protocols are not universally observed. Herein, we have explored the current literature assessing how technical variation during PBMC processing can influence cellular viability and T cell immunogenicity, noting inconsistent findings between many of these studies. Amid the mounting concerns over scientific replicability, there is growing acknowledgement that improved methodological rigour and transparent reporting is required to facilitate independent reproducibility. This review highlights that in human T cell studies, this entails adopting stringent standardised operating procedures (SOPs) for PBMC processing. We specifically propose the use of HANC's Cross-Network PBMC Processing SOP, when collecting and cryopreserving PBMCs, and the HANC member network International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) PBMC Thawing SOP when thawing PBMCs. These stringent and detailed protocols include comprehensive reporting procedures to document unavoidable technical variations, such as delayed processing times. Additionally, we make further standardisation and reporting recommendations to minimise and document variability during this critical experimental period. This review provides a detailed overview of the challenges inherent to a procedure often considered routine, highlighting the importance of carefully considering each aspect of SOPs for PBMC collection, cryopreservation, thawing, and culture to ensure accurate interpretation and comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Browne
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine M. Miller
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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3
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Kamenšek U, Remic T. Immunospot Assessment of T-Cell Responses in Preclinical Tumor Models with Undefined Target Antigens. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2773:165-174. [PMID: 38236545 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3714-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of functional tumor-specific T-cell responses in preclinical tumor models represents an important tool for successful translation of new immunotherapies to clinics. Usually, it requires a known tumor antigen target. Here, we describe the method to detect tumor-specific T cell after immunotherapies without a known antigen. Splenocytes, lymph node immune cells, or PBMCs are isolated from treated mice and stimulated with relevant tumor cells ex vivo before immunospot analysis of Granzyme B and interferon γ-positive T cells. The method is especially valuable for monitoring tumor-specific T cells after vaccination with various whole tumor vaccines or after in situ vaccination and other antigen agnostic immunotherapies, where no specific antigens are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Kamenšek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tinkara Remic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Ayuda-Durán P, Hermansen JU, Giliberto M, Yin Y, Hanes R, Gordon S, Kuusanmäki H, Brodersen AM, Andersen AN, Taskén K, Wennerberg K, Enserink JM, Skånland SS. Standardized assays to monitor drug sensitivity in hematologic cancers. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:435. [PMID: 38040674 PMCID: PMC10692209 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The principle of drug sensitivity testing is to expose cancer cells to a library of different drugs and measure its effects on cell viability. Recent technological advances, continuous approval of targeted therapies, and improved cell culture protocols have enhanced the precision and clinical relevance of such screens. Indeed, drug sensitivity testing has proven diagnostically valuable for patients with advanced hematologic cancers. However, different cell types behave differently in culture and therefore require optimized drug screening protocols to ensure that their ex vivo drug sensitivity accurately reflects in vivo drug responses. For example, primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells require unique microenvironmental stimuli to survive in culture, while this is less the case for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Here, we present our optimized and validated protocols for culturing and drug screening of primary cells from AML, CLL, and MM patients, and a generic protocol for cell line models. We also discuss drug library designs, reproducibility, and quality controls. We envision that these protocols may serve as community guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays to monitor drug sensitivity in hematologic cancers and thus contribute to standardization. The read-outs may provide insight into tumor biology, identify or confirm treatment resistance and sensitivity in real time, and ultimately guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Ayuda-Durán
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanne U Hermansen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariaserena Giliberto
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yanping Yin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Hanes
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Gordon
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea M Brodersen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aram N Andersen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid S Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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5
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Duette G, Cronin S, Kelleher AD, Palmer S. Viral competition assay to assess the role of HIV-1 proteins in immune evasion. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102025. [PMID: 36853860 PMCID: PMC9860156 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes can recognize and eliminate cells infected by viruses. However, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has developed mechanisms to evade CD8+ T-cell-mediated clearance. Here, we describe a protocol to assess the role of the HIV-1 protein Nef in immune evasion. The viral competition assay reveals the preferential killing of HIV-1-infected cells unable to express Nef. This methodology can be extended to study HIV-1 proteins involved in immune evasion and viral variants encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Duette et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Duette
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Samantha Cronin
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sarah Palmer
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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6
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Rocha-Hasler M, Müller L, Wagner A, Tu A, Stanek V, Campion NJ, Bartosik T, Zghaebi M, Stoshikj S, Gompelmann D, Zech A, Mei H, Kratochwill K, Spittler A, Idzko M, Schneider S, Eckl-Dorna J. Using mass cytometry for the analysis of samples of the human airways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004583. [PMID: 36578479 PMCID: PMC9791368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass cytometry (MC) is a powerful method for mapping complex cellular systems at single-cell levels, based on the detection of cellular proteins. Numerous studies have been performed using human blood, but there is a lack of protocols describing the processing and labeling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and nasal polyps (NP) for acquisition by MC. These specimens are essential in the investigation of immune cell characteristics in airway diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with NP (CRSwNP). Here we optimized a workflow for processing, labeling, and acquisition of BALF and NP cells by MC. Among three methods tested for NP digestion, combined enzymatic/mechanical processing yielded maximum cell recovery, viability and labeling patterns compared to the other methods. Treatment with DNAse improved sample acquisition by MC. In a final step, we performed a comparison of blood, BALF and NP cell composition using a 31-marker MC antibody panel, revealing expected differences between the different tissue but also heterogeneity among the BALF and NP samples. We here introduce an optimized workflow for the MC analysis of human NP and BALF, which enables comparative analysis of different samples in larger cohorts. A deeper understanding of immune cell characteristics in these samples may guide future researchers and clinicians to a better disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rocha-Hasler
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Müller
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Department of Surgery, Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Wagner
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aldine Tu
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas James Campion
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Bartosik
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammed Zghaebi
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Slagjana Stoshikj
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Gompelmann
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zech
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrik Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Department of Surgery, Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Idzko
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Schneider
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Sven Schneider,
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Allergology and Sinusitis Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Wang Y, Gloss B, Tang B, Dervish S, Santner-Nanan B, Whitehead C, Masters K, Skarratt K, Teoh S, Schibeci S, Fewings N, Brignone C, Triebel F, Booth D, McLean A, Nalos M. Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Septic Shock Patients With High-Dimensional Flow Cytometry Analysis Reveals Two Subgroups With Differential Responses to Immunostimulant Drugs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634127. [PMID: 33828550 PMCID: PMC8019919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. Despite the activation of inflammation, an immune suppression is often observed, predisposing patients to secondary infections. Therapies directed at restoration of immunity may be considered but should be guided by the immune status of the patients. In this paper, we described the use of a high-dimensional flow cytometry (HDCyto) panel to assess the immunophenotype of patients with sepsis. We then isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with septic shock and mimicked a secondary infection by stimulating PBMCs for 4 h in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without prior exposure to either IFN-γ, or LAG-3Ig. We evaluated the response by means of flow cytometry and high-resolution clustering cum differential analysis and compared the results to PBMCs from healthy donors. We observed a heterogeneous immune response in septic patients and identified two major subgroups: one characterized by hypo-responsiveness (Hypo) and another one by hyper-responsiveness (Hyper). Hypo and Hyper groups showed significant differences in the production of cytokines/chemokine and surface human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in response to LPS stimulation, which were observed across all cell types. When pre-treated with either interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG)-3 recombinant fusion protein (LAG-3Ig) prior to LPS stimulation, cells from the Hypo group were shown to be more responsive to both immunostimulants than cells from the Hyper group. Our results demonstrate the importance of patient stratification based on their immune status prior to any immune therapies. Once sufficiently scaled, this approach may be useful for prescribing the right immune therapy for the right patient at the right time, the key to the success of any therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gloss
- Westmead Research Hub, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suat Dervish
- Westmead Cytometry, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brigitte Santner-Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Whitehead
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristy Masters
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen Skarratt
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Sally Teoh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Schibeci
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Fewings
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - David Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony McLean
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Marek Nalos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,1st Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Tarpataki N, Wawrzyniak M, Akdis CA, Rückert B, Meli ML, Fischer NM, Favrot C, Rostaher A. The effects of cryopreservation on the expression of canine regulatory T-cell markers. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:396-e93. [PMID: 28317209 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been described as key regulators in various immunological processes and are of growing interest in veterinary allergy. Cryopreservation of immune cells is performed routinely in human basic science research and in clinical studies. As such, it allows batch testing of collected samples at a single time point, resulting in a significant reduction in sample variability. Data which describe the effects of cryopreservation on Treg cell frequency and functionality in the canine species are important to inform future research. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to establish a robust freeze/thaw procedure and flow cytometric staining protocol for canine Treg cells, and to compare the frequencies of different canine Treg cell phenotypes before and after cryopreservation. ANIMALS Nine privately owned dogs. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and Treg cells stained and analysed by flow cytometry, before and after three months of cryopreservation. The recovery percentages and the corresponding correlations (fresh versus cryopreserved) for CD4+ CD25+ , CD4+ FOXP3+ and CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ cell populations were calculated. RESULTS A high recovery rate of 97.2 (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001), 93.9 (r = 0.77, P < 0.01) and 101.7% (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) for CD4+ CD25+ , CD4+ FOXP3+ and CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ cell populations, respectively, was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an optimized protocol for freezing, thawing and quantifying canine Treg cells. These results indicate that cryopreservation does not substantially affect the expression of surface and intracellular markers of canine Treg cells; however, additional studies will be necessary to assess whether functionality of the cells is also maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Tarpataki
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Obere Strasse 22, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Obere Strasse 22, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Obere Strasse 22, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Marina L Meli
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina M Fischer
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Fesnak A, Lin C, Siegel DL, Maus MV. CAR-T Cell Therapies From the Transfusion Medicine Perspective. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 30:139-45. [PMID: 27067907 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies has generated significant excitement over the last several years. From a transfusion medicine perspective, the implementation of CAR-T therapy as a potential mainstay treatment for not only hematologic but also solid-organ malignancies represents a significant opportunity for growth and expansion. In this review, we will describe the rationale for the development of genetically redirected T cells as a cancer therapeutic, the different elements that are required to engineer these cells, as well as an overview of the process by which patient cells are harvested and processed to create and subsequently validate CAR-T cells. Finally, we will briefly describe some of the toxicities and clinical efficacy of CAR-T cells in the setting of patients with advanced malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fesnak
- Division of Transfusion Medicine & Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - ChieYu Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Don L Siegel
- Division of Transfusion Medicine & Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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10
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Hoban MD, Romero Z, Cost GJ, Mendel M, Holmes M, Kohn DB. Delivery of Genome Editing Reagents to Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:5B.4.1-5B.4.10. [PMID: 26840227 DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc05b04s36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes the protocol for the delivery of reagents for targeted genome editing to CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Specifically, this unit focuses on the process of thawing and pre-stimulating CD34(+) HSPCs, as well as the details of their electroporation with in vitro-transcribed mRNA-encoding site-specific nucleases [in this case zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs)]. In addition, discussed is delivery of a gene editing donor template in the form of an oligonucleotide or integrase-defective lentiviral vector (IDLV). Finally, an analysis of cell survival following treatment and downstream culture conditions are presented. While optimization steps might be needed for each specific application with respect to nuclease and donor template amount, adherence to this protocol will serve as an excellent starting point for this further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Hoban
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zulema Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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11
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Kotlarz D, Ziętara N, Uzel G, Weidemann T, Braun CJ, Diestelhorst J, Krawitz PM, Robinson PN, Hecht J, Puchałka J, Gertz EM, Schäffer AA, Lawrence MG, Kardava L, Pfeifer D, Baumann U, Pfister ED, Hanson EP, Schambach A, Jacobs R, Kreipe H, Moir S, Milner JD, Schwille P, Mundlos S, Klein C. Loss-of-function mutations in the IL-21 receptor gene cause a primary immunodeficiency syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:433-43. [PMID: 23440042 PMCID: PMC3600901 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A primary immunodeficiency syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the IL-21 receptor exhibits impaired B, T, and NK cell function. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) represent exquisite models for studying mechanisms of human host defense. In this study, we report on two unrelated kindreds, with two patients each, who had cryptosporidial infections associated with chronic cholangitis and liver disease. Using exome and candidate gene sequencing, we identified two distinct homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the interleukin-21 receptor gene (IL21R; c.G602T, p.Arg201Leu and c.240_245delCTGCCA, p.C81_H82del). The IL-21RArg201Leu mutation causes aberrant trafficking of the IL-21R to the plasma membrane, abrogates IL-21 ligand binding, and leads to defective phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT3, and STAT5. We observed impaired IL-21–induced proliferation and immunoglobulin class-switching in B cells, cytokine production in T cells, and NK cell cytotoxicity. Our study indicates that human IL-21R deficiency causes an immunodeficiency and highlights the need for early diagnosis and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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12
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Kobayashi DT, Decker D, Zaworski P, Klott K, McGonigal J, Ghazal N, Sly L, Chung B, Vanderlugt J, Chen KS. Evaluation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell processing and analysis for Survival Motor Neuron protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50763. [PMID: 23226377 PMCID: PMC3511312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein levels may become key pharmacodynamic (PD) markers in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) clinical trials. SMN protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be quantified for trials using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We developed protocols to collect, process, store and analyze these samples in a standardized manner for SMA clinical studies, and to understand the impact of age and intraindividual variability over time on PBMC SMN signal. METHODS Several variables affecting SMN protein signal were evaluated using an ELISA. Samples were from healthy adults, adult with respiratory infections, SMA patients, and adult SMA carriers. RESULTS Delaying PBMCs processing by 45 min, 2 hr or 24 hr after collection or isolation allows sensitive detection of SMN levels and high cell viability (>90%). SMN levels from PBMCs isolated by EDTA tubes/Lymphoprep gradient are stable with processing delays and have greater signal compared to CPT-collected samples. SMN signal in healthy individuals varies up to 8x when collected at intervals up to 1 month. SMN signals from individuals with respiratory infections show 3-5x changes, driven largely by the CD14 fraction. SMN signal in PBMC frozen lysates are relatively stable for up to 6 months. Cross-sectional analysis of PBMCs from SMA patients and carriers suggest SMN protein levels decline with age. CONCLUSIONS The sources of SMN signal variability in PBMCs need to be considered in the design and of SMA clinical trials, and interpreted in light of recent medical history. Improved normalization to DNA or PBMC subcellular fractions may mitigate signal variability and should be explored in SMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dione T Kobayashi
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America.
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13
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Wu L, Martin T, Li Y, Yang L, Halpenny M, Giulivi A, Allan DS. Cell aggregation in thawed haematopoietic stem cell products visualised using micro-flow imaging. Transfus Med 2012; 22:218-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Rodríguez AC, García-Piñeres AJ, Hildesheim A, Herrero R, Trivett M, Williams M, Atmella I, Ramírez M, Villegas M, Schiffman M, Burk R, Freer E, Bonilla J, Bratti C, Pinto LA. Alterations of T-cell surface markers in older women with persistent human papillomavirus infection. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:597-607. [PMID: 20473864 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported decreased lymphocyte proliferative responses among older women with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To characterize the phenotype of peripheral lymphocytes associated with persistent HPV infection, we evaluated the expression of different cell surface markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a case-control study within a 10,049 woman population-based cohort study in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Women in the cohort aged 46-74 and with HPV results at their 5th year anniversary visit were considered, and all women (n = 87) with persistent HPV infections, all women (n = 196) with transient HPV infections and a random sample of HPV DNA-negative women (n = 261) frequency-matched to cases on age were selected for this study. A median of 3 years after the case-control matching visit, cervical cells were collected for liquid-based cytology and repeat HPV DNA genotyping. Blood was obtained from which PBMCs were extracted and cryopreserved for immunological phenotyping via flow cytometry. Significant increases in risk of HPV persistence were observed for 3 marker subsets indicative of immune cell activation/differentiation. Relative risk estimates were 5.4 (95% CI = 2.2-13.3) for CD69(+)CD4(+), 2.6 (95% CI = 1.2-5.9) for HLADR(+)CD3(+)CD4(+) and 2.3 (95% CI = 1.1-4.7) for CD45RO(+)CD27(-)CD8(+). A significant decrease in HPV persistence was observed for a subset marker indicative of an immature, undifferentiated memory state CD45RO(+)CD27(+)CD4(+) (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17-0.76). Adjustment for these markers only partially explained the previously reported association between decreased lymphoproliferative responses and persistent HPV infection. Whether phenotypic alterations observed predispose to HPV persistence or result from it should be the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecilia Rodríguez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Mallone R, Mannering SI, Brooks-Worrell BM, Durinovic-Belló I, Cilio CM, Wong FS, Schloot NC. Isolation and preservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for analysis of islet antigen-reactive T cell responses: position statement of the T-Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:33-49. [PMID: 20939860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune T cell responses directed against insulin-producing β cells are central to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Detection of such responses is therefore critical to provide novel biomarkers for T1D 'immune staging' and to understand the mechanisms underlying the disease. While different T cell assays are being developed for these purposes, it is important to optimize and standardize methods for processing human blood samples for these assays. To this end, we review data relevant to critical parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation, (cryo)preservation, distribution and usage for detecting antigen-specific T cell responses. Based on these data, we propose recommendations on processing blood samples for T cell assays and identify gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. These recommendations may be relevant not only for the analysis of T cell responses in autoimmune disease, but also in cancer and infectious disease, particularly in the context of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mallone
- INSERM U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, 82 avenue Denfert Rochereau, Paris cedex 14, France.
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16
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Abstract
The need to quantitate and monitor immune responses of large patient cohorts with standardized techniques is increasing due to the growing range of treatment options for hepatitis B and hepatitis C, the development of combination therapies, and candidate experimental vaccines for HCV. In addition, advances in immunological techniques have provided new tools for detailed phenotypic and functional analysis of cellular immune responses. At present, there is substantial variation in laboratory protocols, reagents, controls and analysis and presentation of results. Standardization of immunological assays would therefore allow better comparison of results amongst individual laboratories and patient cohorts. The EASL-sponsored and AASLD-endorsed Monothematic Conference on Clinical Immunology in Viral Hepatitis was held at the University College London, United Kingdom, Oct 7-8, 2006 to bring together investigators with research experience in clinical immunology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections for in-depth discussion, critical evaluation and standardization of immunological assays. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed at the conference, but is not intended to represent a consensus statement. Our aim is to highlight topics and issues that were supported by general agreement and those that were controversial, as well as to provide suggestions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Room 9B16, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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