1
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Liu S, Xu W, Zhai Y. Swab-in-Capillary Electrospray Ionization and a Miniature Mass Spectrometer for In Situ Drug Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16987-16995. [PMID: 37948617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ analysis of drugs has been in increasing demand in many fields. As an updated version of capillary-in-capillary electrospray ionization (CC-ESI) developed previously, a disposable swab-in-capillary electrospray ionization (SC-ESI) source was designed in this study. With a micro medical swab for sampling and an integrated filter membrane for online filtration, SC-ESI was able to directly sample and MS analyze complex samples without the need for pretreatment. Coupled with a miniature mass spectrometer, SC-ESI was applied for direct analysis of effective ingredients in therapeutic drugs (in tablet, capsule, and liquid droplet) and drugs in saliva and quantitation of therapeutic drugs in blood. The limits of detection in absolute amounts were obtained as 1 ng for fentanyl and 0.5 ng for cocaine in saliva. Combining with an internal standard method, SC-ESI acquired linear quantitation ranges of 100-5000 ng/mL for imatinib in whole blood and 100-2000 ng/mL for clozapine in serum with high accuracies and precisions. The entire analysis process, from sampling to data acquisition, can be completed in less than 2 min. As demonstrated as a cheap, portable, and sampling-effective ionization source, SC-ESI has shown great potential for in situ drug analysis, especially in border drug screening and clinical therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Yuan YS, Liao JM, Kang CM, Li BL, Lei XR, Yu KW, Chen L, Dong H, Ke PF, Xiao Y, Huang XZ, Zhao BB. A simple and accurate LC‑MS/MS method for monitoring cyclosporin A that is suitable for high throughput analysis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:342. [PMID: 37383376 PMCID: PMC10294601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With time, the number of samples in clinical laboratories from therapeutic drug monitoring has increased. Existing analytical methods for blood cyclosporin A (CSA) monitoring, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoassays, have limitations including cross-reactivity, time consumption, and the complicated procedures involved. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has long been considered the reference standard owing to its high accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. However, large numbers of blood samples, multi-step preparation procedures, and longer analytical times (2.5-20 min) are required as a consequence of the different technical strategies, to ensure good analytical performance and routine quality assurance. A stable, reliable, and high throughput detection method will save personnel time and reduce laboratory costs. Therefore, a high throughput and simple LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the detection of whole-blood CSA with CSA-d12 as the internal standard in the present study. Whole blood samples were prepared through a modified one-step protein precipitation method. A C18 column (50x2.1 mm, 2.7 µm) with a mobile phase flow rate of 0.5 ml/min was used for chromatographic separation with a total running time of 4.3 min to avoid the matrix effect. To protect the mass spectrometer, only part of the sample after LC separation was allowed to enter the mass spectrum, using two HPLC systems coupled to one mass spectrometry. In this way, throughput was improved with detection of two samples possible within 4.3 min using a shorter analytical time for each sample of 2.15 min. This modified LC-MS/MS method showed excellent analytical performance and demonstrated less matrix effect and a wide linear range. The design of multi-LC systems coupled with one mass spectrometry may play a notable role in the improvement of daily detection throughput, speeding up LC-MS/MS, and allowing it to be an integral part of continuous diagnostics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Min Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Min Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Ling Li
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd.; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Ri Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Wei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Heng Dong
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd.; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Feng Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhao
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd.; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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3
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A Robust Procedure for Determination of Immunosuppressants Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus in Blood Samples with Detection of LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-023-04241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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4
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Liu B, Geng N, Zhao H, Tao Y, Hu L, Huang L, Feng Y. Development of UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of tacrolimus and sirolimus in human whole blood and comparisons with two immunoassays. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5538. [PMID: 36271903 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) and sirolimus (SIR) antirejection medications are widely used in organ transplantation. We aimed to develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay for quantifying TAC and SIR simultaneously and evaluating agreement with chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Whole blood samples collected from 209 TAC and 208 SIR patients were assessed by UHPLC-MS/MS, CMIA and ECLIA. The agreement of the three techniques was assessed using the Bland-Altman plot. The UHPLC-MS/MS assay had a calibration range of 1-100 ng/ml for TAC and SIR. The accuracy and precision were -2.73-4.32% and <4.71% for TAC, respectively, and 0.07-4.84% and <6.5% for SIR, respectively. The three methods had good correlation. In comparison with UHPLC-MS/MS, two immunoassays showed a slight deviation in proportion. An UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously detecting TAC and SIR in human whole blood was developed, validated and comparatively analyzed with CMIA and ECLIA. For determining TAC and SIR, immunoassays displayed acceptable analytical performances in terms of precision and correlation compared with UHPLC-MS/MS. However, further investigation is warranted to examine the novel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Gu H, Dai G, Liu S, Zhai Y, Xu Q, Wu H, Xu W. A compact liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument for the quantitation of immunosuppressants. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Nielsen LDF, Hansen-Bruhn M, Nijenhuis MAD, Gothelf KV. Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement and Quenching in a Homogeneous DNA-Based Assay for Rapid Detection of Small-Molecule Drugs in Human Plasma. ACS Sens 2022; 7:856-865. [PMID: 35239321 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous assays for determining the concentration of small molecules in biological fluids are of importance for monitoring blood levels of critical drugs in patients. We have developed a strand displacement competition assay for the drugs dabigatran, methotrexate, and linezolid, which allows detection and determination of the concentration of the drugs in plasma; however, a surprising kinetic behavior of the assay was observed with an initial rapid change in apparent FRET values. We found that protein-induced fluorescent enhancement or quenching (PIFE/Q) caused the initial change in fluorescence within the first minute after addition of protein, which could be exploited to construct assays for concentration determination within minutes in the low nanomolar range in plasma. A kinetic model for the assay was established, and when taking the new finding into account, the in silico simulations were in good agreement with the experimentally observed results. Utilizing these findings, a simpler assay was constructed for detection of dabigatran, which allowed for detection within minutes without any time dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line D. F. Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Malthe Hansen-Bruhn
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Minke A. D. Nijenhuis
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Tanwar S, Paidi SK, Prasad R, Pandey R, Barman I. Advancing Raman spectroscopy from research to clinic: Translational potential and challenges. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119957. [PMID: 34082350 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a non-invasive and versatile diagnostic technique due to its ability to provide molecule-specific information with ultrahigh sensitivity at near-physiological conditions. Despite exhibiting substantial potential, its translation from optical bench to clinical settings has been impacted by associated limitations. This perspective discusses recent clinical and biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy and technological advancements that provide valuable insights and encouragement for resolving some of the most challenging hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Tanwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar Paidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845401, India
| | - Rishikesh Pandey
- CytoVeris Inc., Farmington, CT 06032, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
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8
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Seyfinejad B, Jouyban A. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs: Analytical and clinical practices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114315. [PMID: 34399192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) play a key role in short-term patient survival together with very low acute allograft rejection rates in transplant recipients. Due to the narrow therapeutic index and large inter-patient pharmacokinetic variability of ISDs, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is needed to dose adjustment for each patient (personalized medicine approach) to avoid treatment failure or side effects of the therapy. To achieve this, TDM needs to be done effectively. However, it would not be possible without the proper clinical practice and analytical tools. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide to establish reliable TDM, followed by a critical overview of the current analytical methods and clinical practices for the TDM of ISDs, and to discuss some of the main practical aspects of the TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO BOX: 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
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9
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Takasaki S, Hirasawa T, Sato Y, Maekawa M, Tsukamoto T, Kikuchi M, Ogura J, Hayakawa Y, Matsuda Y, Oishi H, Sado T, Noda M, Okada Y, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Simultaneous analysis of drugs administered to lung-transplanted patients using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5067. [PMID: 33450064 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several drugs are administered to lung-transplanted patients, which are monitored using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Therefore, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to simultaneously analyze immunosuppressive drugs such as mycophenolic acid, antifungal drugs such as voriconazole and itraconazole, and its metabolite hydroxyitraconazole. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column and gradient flow of mobile phase comprising 20 mM aqueous ammonium formate and 20 mM ammonium formate-methanol solution. A simple protein precipitation treatment was performed using acetonitrile/methanol and mycophenolic acid-2 H3 , voriconazole-2 H3 , itraconazole-2 H4 , and hydroxyitraconazole-2 H4 as internal standards. The linearity ranges of mycophenolic acid, voriconazole, itraconazole, and hydroxyitraconazole were 100-20,000, 50-10,000, 5-1000, and 5-1000 ng/mL, respectively. The retention time of each target was less than 2 min. The relative errors in intra- and inter-day were within ±7.6%, the coefficient of variation was 8.9% or less for quality control low, medium, and high, and it was 15.8% or less for lower limit of quantitation. Moreover, the patient samples were successfully quantified, and they were within the linear range of measurements. Therefore, our new method may be useful for TDM in lung-transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tensei Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Matsuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Sado
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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10
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Goh LF, Khoo SR, Tung YT, Lee PH, Kee T. Impact of transiting from fluorescent polarisation immunoassay to high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for immunosuppressant levels analysis in kidney transplant patients. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2010105820974385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-TMS) is preferred to fluorescent polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), as it only measures active drug. Our hospital replaced FPIA with HPLC-TMS for analysis of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) levels. Preliminary studies demonstrated significantly lower CNI levels with HPLC-TMS versus FPIA in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Most studies evaluating CNI exposure in KTRs used FPIA, posing challenges in interpreting HPLC-TMS levels. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety outcomes in the one-year period before (FPIA period) and after (HPLC-TMS period) the switch. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on KTRs receiving ciclosporin (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK). Primary effectiveness end points were biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) rate and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); safety end points were viral infections and hospitalisation for infection. The secondary end point was change in CNI levels during the FPIA versus HPLC-TMS periods. Results: A total of 307 patients were analysed (CsA n=182, FK n=125). BPAR only occurred in two patients in the HPLC-TMS period among the CsA cohort ( p=0.50), but it occurred in six patients in the FPIA period and one patient in the HPLC-TMS period ( p=0.13) among the FK cohort. Median eGFR were similar in both periods (CsA: 52.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range (IQR) 39.8–67.6) vs. 52.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 37.1–68.0), p=0.65; FK: 57.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 39.1–80.0) vs. 56.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 33.5–76.7), p=0.08). There were no significant differences in safety outcomes. The median change in CNI levels from the FPIA period to the HPLC-TMS period was –20.5% (IQR –32.5 to –3.9) and –6.9% (IQR –17.7 to 8.0) among CsA and FK cohorts, respectively ( p<0.01). Conclusion: The switch from FPIA to HPLC-TMS for CNI TDM in KTRs did not yield significant changes in clinical end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sher Ri Khoo
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yu-Tzu Tung
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Terence Kee
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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11
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Salting Out-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction for Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Measurement of Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, Everolimus, and Cyclosporine a in Whole Blood. Ther Drug Monit 2020; 42:695-701. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Fung AWS, Sugumar V, Ren AH, Kulasingam V. Emerging role of clinical mass spectrometry in pathology. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:61-69. [PMID: 31690564 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based assays have been increasingly implemented in various disciplines in clinical diagnostic laboratories for their combined advantages in multiplexing capacity and high analytical specificity and sensitivity. It is now routinely used in areas including reference methods development, therapeutic drug monitoring, toxicology, endocrinology, paediatrics, immunology and microbiology to identify and quantify biomolecules in a variety of biological specimens. As new ionisation methods, instrumentation and techniques are continuously being improved and developed, novel mass spectrometry-based clinical applications will emerge for areas such as proteomics, metabolomics, haematology and anatomical pathology. This review will summarise the general principles of mass spectrometry and specifically highlight current and future clinical applications in anatomical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W S Fung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vijithan Sugumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie He Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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A multidrug LC–MS/MS method for the determination of five immunosuppressants in oral fluid. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:1509-1521. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed: to develop and validate an LC–MS/MS method for mycophenolic acid, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus and cyclosporin A in oral fluid (OF), as an essential tool to study the usefulness of OF as an alternative matrix for immunossuppressants’ therapeutic drug monitoring; and to find the best OF collector for these analytes. Materials & Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved using an XBridge® Shield RP18 analytical column maintained at 65ºC, using 2 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B) as mobile phase. OF sample was extracted with solid phase extraction after sonication and protein precipitation. Results & Conclusions: Method validation met all the acceptance criteria. LODs were 0.05–1 ng/ml, and LOQs 0.1–5 ng/ml. Silanized tubes offered the best recoveries. The method was successfully applied to 31 OF specimens, describing everolimus detection in OF for the first time. Conclusion: The proposed method is sensitive enough for the detection of OF trough concentrations in patients receiving immunosuppressants when using an appropriate OF collector.
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14
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Boufleur P, Sciani JM, Goldfeder M, Faria F, Branco V, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics of Amblyomin-X, a Novel Antitumour Protein Drug in Healthy Mice. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:111-120. [PMID: 30132264 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amblyomin-X is a recombinant protein under development for cancer treatment owing to its selective cytotoxic activity over several tumour cell lines and tumour regression in mice models. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and pharmacokinetics of amblyomin-X in healthy female mice. METHODS Amblyomin-X was injected intravenously into the healthy animals and at controlled times plasma and organs were removed and analysed for identification and quantification of the protein. Alternatively, the labelled protein was injected into mice and tracked in an in vivo imaging system. RESULTS Amblyomin-X was rapidly eliminated from plasma, probably because of its inability to bind to plasma albumin. After 10 min, the protein was found in the thymus and lungs, and later in the heart, liver and kidneys. In the liver, the protein was found until 24 h after a single injection. The in vivo analysis showed the same kinetics profile, besides the identification of amblyomin-X in the bladder region, indicating its elimination via urine. Only fragments of amblyomin-X were observed in the urine. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that amblyomin-X is rapidly distributed to the tissues, metabolized by the liver or even kidneys, and eliminated in urine in healthy mice. There is no accumulation in any organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Boufleur
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Av. Francisco de Assis, 218 Cidade Universitária, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio Goldfeder
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Muchiri RN, Kowal KE, Hensley K, Feinstein DL, van Breemen RB. Analysis of lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester in mouse serum, whole blood and tissues using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1941-1948. [PMID: 30117207 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies in the search for treatments for several neurodegenerative diseases have identified lanthionine ketimine (LK) and its monoethyl ester derivative (LKE) as potential candidates. An ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) assay was developed to evaluate bioavailability by measuring these compounds in mouse serum, whole blood and brain tissue. METHODS Following administration of LKE to mice for 3 days in chow at 300 ppm, the animals were sacrificed, and LKE was extracted from serum, whole blood and brain tissues through protein precipitation using cold methanol. To enhance chromatographic separation and electrospray ionization, LK was methylated using diazomethane. Separations were carried out using C18 reversed-phase UHPLC, and quantitative measurements were obtained using on-line triple-quadruple mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation and selected reaction monitoring. Tolbutamide was used as internal standard. RESULTS LKE showed good recovery ranging from 77-90% in serum and 82-88% in brain tissue. An eight-point standard curve ranging from 0.005 to 4.6 μM was linear (R2 0.998). The average LKE detected in mouse serum was 277.42 nM, while the concentration in whole blood was 38 nM. Neither LK nor LKE was detected in brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS A rapid quantitative method to measure LKE in mouse serum, whole blood and brain tissues using UHPLC/MS/MS was developed and validated following FDA guidelines. This method is suitable for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N Muchiri
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Katarzyna E Kowal
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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Olędzka I, Kowalski P, Plenis A, Miękus N, Grabow N, Eickner T, Bączek T. Simultaneous electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection and sequential stacking featuring sweeping for signal amplification following MEKC during the analysis of rapamycin (sirolimus) in serum samples. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2590-2597. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Natalia Miękus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology; Faculty of Biology; University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Niels Grabow
- University Medical Center Rostock; Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Rostock Germany
| | - Thomas Eickner
- University Medical Center Rostock; Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Rostock Germany
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
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17
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Kjelstrup MV, Nielsen LDF, Hansen-Bruhn M, Gothelf KV. A DNA-Based Assay for Digoxin Detection. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:bios8010019. [PMID: 29509662 PMCID: PMC5872067 DOI: 10.3390/bios8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The most common method for quantifying small-molecule drugs in blood samples is by liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Few immuno-based assays are available for the detection of small-molecule drugs in blood. Here we report on a homogeneous assay that enables detection of the concentration of digoxin spiked into in a plasma sample. The assay is based on a shift in the equilibrium of a DNA strand displacement competition reaction, and can be performed in 30 min for concentrations above 10 nM. The equilibrium shift occurs upon binding of anti-digoxigenin antibody. As a model, the assay provides a potential alternative to current small-molecule detection methods used for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Kjelstrup
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Line D F Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Malthe Hansen-Bruhn
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Cho EJ, Ko DH, Lee W, Chun S, Lee HK, Min WK. Performance of the Dimension TAC assay and comparison of multiple platforms for the measurement of tacrolimus. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32:e22357. [PMID: 29148096 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic monitoring of tacrolimus is essential for reducing organ rejection and adverse effects. The measurement of tacrolimus in whole blood is taken by many automated platforms. We evaluated the analytical performance of the Dimension TAC assay, which is an upgraded reagent from the previous Dimension TACR assay. METHODS The evaluations involved determination of precision, linearity, detection capability, and reagent lot-to-lot variability between three lot numbers. Correlation studies were conducted using the Dimension TACR assay, Architect, Elecsys assay, and MassTrak LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The total coefficient of variation was below 10%. Acceptable linearity was observed in their respective reportable ranges. The limit of blank, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were 0.29, 0.47, and 0.81 ng/mL, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the Dimension TAC assay results were comparable to that of the Dimension TACR assay, Architect, and Elecsys results in liver and heart transplant patients. In kidney transplant patients, the Dimension TAC assay showed the poor correlation with Architect and Elecsys. The results from these assays were slightly higher than that of MassTrak. We found little lot-to-lot reagent variation among the reagents evaluated. CONCLUSION The overall analytical performance of the Dimension TAC assay is acceptable for therapeutic monitoring in clinical practice. Our study that compared different platforms may provide some useful information regarding which test method to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Woochang Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sail Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Guichard N, Guillarme D, Bonnabry P, Fleury-Souverain S. Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review. Analyst 2017; 142:2273-2321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guichard
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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20
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Grant RP. Design and utility of open-access liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in quantitative clinical toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mika A, Stepnowski P. Current methods of the analysis of immunosuppressive agents in clinical materials: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:207-31. [PMID: 26874932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 100000 solid organ transplantations are performed every year worldwide. Calcineurin (cyclosporine A, tacrolimus), serine/threonine kinase (sirolimus, everolimus) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor (mycophenolate mofetil), are the most common drugs used as immunosuppressive agents after solid organ transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapy, although necessary after transplantation, is associated with many adverse consequences, including the formation of secondary metabolites of drugs and the induction of their side effects. Calcineurin inhibitors are associated with nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity; moreover, they increase the risk of many diseases after transplantation. The review presents a study of the movement of drugs in the body, including the processes of absorption, distribution, localisation in tissues, biotransformation and excretion, and also their accompanying side effects. Therefore, there is a necessity to monitor immunosuppressants, especially because these drugs are characterised by narrow therapeutic ranges. Their incorrect concentrations in a patient's blood could result in transplant rejection or in the accumulation of toxic effects. Immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals are macrolide lactones, peptides, and high molecular weight molecules that can be metabolised to several metabolites. Therefore the two main analytical methods used for their determination are high performance liquid chromatography with various detection methods and immunoassay methods. Despite the rapid development of new analytical methods of analysing immunosuppressive agents, the application of the latest generation of detectors and increasing sensitivity of such methods, there is still a great demand for the development of highly selective, sensitive, specific, rapid and relatively simple methods of immunosuppressive drugs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Sharmila D, Rao AL, Kalyani L. Development and Validation of Stability-indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Estimation of Everolimus in Tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2016; 77:599-604. [PMID: 26798176 PMCID: PMC4700714 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.169044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study depicts the development of a validated reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the everolimus in presence of degradation products or pharmaceutical excipients. Stress study was performed on everolimus and it was found that it degrade sufficiently in oxidizing and acidic conditions but less degradation was found in alkaline, neutral, thermal and photolytic conditions. The separation was carried out on Hypersil BDS C18 column (100×4.6 mm, 5 μ) column having particle size 5 μ using acetate buffer:acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) with pH 6.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid as mobile phase at flow rate of 1 ml/min. The wavelength of the detection was 280 nm. A retention time (Rt) nearly 3.110 min was observed. The calibration curve for everolimus was linear (r2=0.999) from range of 25-150 μg/ml with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.036 μg/ml and 0.109 μg/ml, respectively. Analytical validation parameters such as selectivity, specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision were evaluated and relative standard deviation value for all the key parameters were less than 2.0%. The recovery of the drug after standard addition was found to be 100.55%. Thus, the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be suitable for the determination of everolimus in tablets containing various excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sharmila
- Vallabhaneni Venkatadri Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seshadri Rao Knowledge, Krishna, Gudlavalleru-521 356, India
| | - A Lakshmana Rao
- Vallabhaneni Venkatadri Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seshadri Rao Knowledge, Krishna, Gudlavalleru-521 356, India
| | - L Kalyani
- Vallabhaneni Venkatadri Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seshadri Rao Knowledge, Krishna, Gudlavalleru-521 356, India
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23
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Determination of immunosuppressive drugs in human urine and serum by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:629-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Effects of Storage Temperature and Time on Stability of Serum Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine A Levels in Whole Blood by LC-MS/MS. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:956389. [PMID: 25949240 PMCID: PMC4407621 DOI: 10.1155/2015/956389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are immunosuppressant drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of tacrolimus and cyclosporin A levels in whole blood samples under different storage conditions. Whole blood samples were obtained from 15 patients receiving tacrolimus and 15 patients receiving cyclosporine A. Samples were immediately analyzed and then stored at different conditions (room temperature (24°C−26°C) for 24 hours, +4°C for 24 and 48 hours, and −20°C for one month) and then analyzed again. For tacrolimus, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P = 0.005) (percent change 32.89%). However, there were no significant differences between the other groups. For cyclosporine A, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours (P = 0.003) (percent change 19.47%) and 48 hours (P = 0.002) (percent change 15.38%) at +4°C and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P = 0.011) (percent change 9.71%). Samples of tacrolimus should be analyzed immediately or stored at either +4°C or −20°C, while samples of cyclosporine A should be analyzed immediately or stored at −20°C.
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26
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Multicenter Evaluation of the Thermo Scientific Prelude for Measurement of Immunosuppressant Drugs Using Sample Preparation Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2015; 37:161-71. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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A simple and robust LC-MS/MS method for measuring sirolimus and everolimus in whole blood. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1597-604. [PMID: 25077621 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants sirolimus and everolimus is mandatory and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the preferred technology for the measurement. Due to the high hydrophobicity these analytes bind to reverse-phase columns tightly and need column heating to elute. Column heating not only requires extra instrument preparation but also causes permanent column damage if the heater is left on while elution pumps stop by the end of the run. The primary improvement in the current method was to elute the analytes at room temperature using special buffers. This new LC-MS/MS method has been validated for clinical use and offers improved simplicity and robustness by eliminating column heating yet with high sensitivity, precision and accuracy.
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28
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Samsel M, Dzierzbicka K, Trzonkowski P. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of conjugates of adenosine with muramyl dipeptide and nor-muramyl dipeptide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3587-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Jourdil JF, Picard P, Meunier C, Auger S, Stanke-Labesque F. Ultra-fast cyclosporin A quantitation in whole blood by Laser Diode Thermal Desorption – Tandem Mass Spectrometry; comparison with High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 805:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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30
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Marinova M, Artusi C, Brugnolo L, Antonelli G, Zaninotto M, Plebani M. Immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring by LC-MS/MS: workflow optimization through automated processing of whole blood samples. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1723-7. [PMID: 24012696 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although, due to its high specificity and sensitivity, LC-MS/MS is an efficient technique for the routine determination of immunosuppressants in whole blood, it involves time-consuming manual sample preparation. The aim of the present study was therefore to develop an automated sample-preparation protocol for the quantification of sirolimus, everolimus and tacrolimus by LC-MS/MS using a liquid handling platform. METHODS Six-level commercially available blood calibrators were used for assay development, while four quality control materials and three blood samples from patients under immunosuppressant treatment were employed for the evaluation of imprecision. Barcode reading, sample re-suspension, transfer of whole blood samples into 96-well plates, addition of internal standard solution, mixing, and protein precipitation were performed with a liquid handling platform. After plate filtration, the deproteinised supernatants were submitted for SPE on-line. The only manual steps in the entire process were de-capping of the tubes, and transfer of the well plates to the HPLC autosampler. RESULTS Calibration curves were linear throughout the selected ranges. The imprecision and accuracy data for all analytes were highly satisfactory. The agreement between the results obtained with manual and those obtained with automated sample preparation was optimal (n=390, r=0.96). In daily routine (100 patient samples) the typical overall total turnaround time was less than 6h. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the proposed analytical system is suitable for routine analysis, since it is straightforward and precise. Furthermore, it incurs less manual workload and less risk of error in the quantification of whole blood immunosuppressant concentrations than conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Marinova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
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31
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Ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for cyclosporine a quantification in biological samples and lipid nanosystems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Karapirli M, Kizilgun M, Yesilyurt O, Gul H, Kunak ZI, Akgul EO, Macit E, Cayci T, Gulcan Kurt Y, Aydin I, Yaren H, Seyrek M, Cakir E, Yaman H. Simultaneous determination of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus in whole-blood samples by LC-MS/MS. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:571201. [PMID: 22629148 PMCID: PMC3354445 DOI: 10.1100/2012/571201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Cyclosporine A (CyA), tacrolimus (TRL), sirolimus (SIR), and everolimus (RAD) are immunosuppressive drugs frequently used in organ transplantation. Our aim was to confirm a robust sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of CyA, TRL, SIR, and RAD in whole-blood samples. Materials and Methods. We used an integrated online solid-phase extraction-LC-MS/MS system and atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (API-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection mode. CyA, TRL, SIR, and RAD were simultaneously analyzed in whole blood treated with precipitation reagent taken from transplant patients. Results. System performance parameters were suitable for using this method as a high-throughput technique in clinical practice. The high concentration of one analyte in the sample did not affect the concentration of other analytes. Total analytical time was 2.5 min, and retention times of all analytes were shorter than 2 minutes. Conclusion. This LC-MS/MS method can be preferable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these immunosuppressive drugs (CyA, TRL, SRL, and RAD) in whole blood. Sample preparation was too short and simple in this method, and it permits robust, rapid, sensitive, selective, and simultaneous determination of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Karapirli
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara Branch, Kecioren, 06018 Ankara, Turkey
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Said R, Pohanka A, Abdel-Rehim M, Beck O. Determination of four immunosuppressive drugs in whole blood using MEPS and LC–MS/MS allowing automated sample work-up and analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 897:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Therapeutic drug monitoring and LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Katsila T, Siskos AP, Tamvakopoulos C. Peptide and protein drugs: the study of their metabolism and catabolism by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:110-133. [PMID: 21698655 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein drugs have evolved in recent years into mainstream therapeutics, representing a significant portion of the pharmaceutical market. Peptides and proteins exhibit highly diverse structures, broad biological activities as hormones, neurotransmitters, structural proteins, metabolic modulators and therefore have a significant role as both therapeutics and biomarkers. Understanding the metabolism of synthetic or biotechnologically derived peptide and protein drugs is critical for pharmaceutical development as metabolism has a significant impact on drug efficacy and safety. Although the same principles of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of small molecule drugs apply to peptide and protein drugs, there are few notable differences. Moreover, the study of peptide and protein drug metabolism is a rather complicated process which requires sophisticated analytical techniques, and mass spectrometry based approaches have provided the capabilities for efficient and reliable quantification, characterization, and metabolite identification. This review article will focus on the current use of mass spectrometry for the study of the metabolism of peptide and protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katsila
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Soranou Efesiou Street 4, Athens GR-11527, Greece
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36
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Andreeva IP, Vorob'eva NT, Vinnitskiĭ LI, Bogush SS, Gavrilova EM, Egorov AM. [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of cyclosporin A in whole blood]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2011; 57:554-561. [PMID: 22629606 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20115705554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A test-system based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative determination of cyclosporin A (CSA) in human whole blood has been developed. The detection limit of the method was 25 ng/ml, the linearity of the method in the concentration range 60-1400 ng/ml varied from 94 to 105%, the variation coefficient did not exceed 8%. The novel method exhibited good correlation with radio-immunoassay and polarization fluoroimmunoassay methods; the linear regression coefficients were 0.965 and 0.983, respectively. The developed test system is stable for at least 9 months when stored at 4 degrees C and can be used in clinical practice.
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Locatelli M, Governatori L, Carlucci G, Genovese S, Mollica A, Epifano F. Recent application of analytical methods to phase I and phase II drugs development: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:283-300. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Luciana Governatori
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
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Abstract
Due to their narrow therapeutic indices and highly variable pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary to individualize immunosuppressant dosage following organ transplantation. Until recently, monitoring was performed primarily using immunoassays, however, there is an increasing shift to HPLC coupled with MS/MS, due to its greater sensitivity and specificity. Online sample clean-up with either a single analytical column or with 2D chromatography significantly reduces manual handling and is essential to minimize matrix effects and maximize specificity and, coupled with rapid chromatography, allows the simultaneous analysis of the major immunosuppressants, with rapid sample throughput. Thus, LC-MS/MS is an attractive and versatile technique that facilitates rapid development of analytical methods, including new immunosuppressants as they become approved for clinical use.
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Honour JW. Development and validation of a quantitative assay based on tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:97-111. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2010.010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many routine hospital and clinical research assays have relied upon immunoassay procedures to achieve sensitive measurements of a range of important analytes. Some of the methods have been developed in-house but increasingly commercial kits and automated analysers have become commonplace. The accuracies of these methods are under question in health care. Mass spectrometry (MS) is potentially a more accurate technique with the ability to demonstrate specificity. An introduction of the basic analytical aspects of liquid chromatography (LC)–MS/MS leads on to the validation of the method before general use. LC coupled with MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) is being adopted in a number of hospital laboratories for the quantitative analysis of a number of analytes from physiological matrices, but standards for development and validation of such assays are not easily available. Most assays can be regarded as in-house methods and herein may lay the failure so far for mass spectrometric methods to improve quality of results between laboratories for an analyte using the same technology. Manufacturers are taking on board the experience of clinical laboratories with kits containing all or most of the disposable items and reagents. A number of documents and guidelines have been consulted. These documents are expensive to purchase, are often very long and not easy to read. This review highlights the specific requirements for introduction of a tandem mass spectrometric test for small molecules into a routine hospital laboratory. A number of experiments need to be planned and executed in order to describe a new quantitative method in terms of selectivity, accuracy, imprecision, sensitivity and stability. The introduction of a quantitative method based on tandem MS requires careful validation. This review has distilled out important points from a number of key documents in order to provide a working validation guideline for clinical laboratories. In a supplementary file a working document for assembling the assay validation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Honour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Hospitals, 60 Whitfield Street, London W1T 4EU, UK
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40
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Ji M, Kim S, Chung HJ, Lee W, Chun S, Min WK. Evaluation of the MassTrak Immunosuppressant XE Kit for the determination of everolimus and cyclosporin A in human whole blood employing isotopically labeled internal standards. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 49:2021-7. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is widely used for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants given to transplant recipients. This study evaluated the performance of the newly introduced MassTrak Immunosuppressant XE Kit (Waters Corporation; “the Kit”) in the determination of everolimus and cyclosporin A (CsA) using LC-MS/MS.The linearity, precision, detection limit, carryover and matrix effect of the Kit and comparison of the in-house method and Kit procedure were evaluated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.The Kit afforded good linearity in the measurement of everolimus from 2 to 26 ng/mL (RThe Kit employing isotopically labeled internal standards provides reliable measurements of immunosuppressant levels over a broad range of concentrations.
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41
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Ivanova M, Artusi C, Polo G, Zaninotto M, Plebani M. High-throughput LC-MS/MS method for monitoring sirolimus and everolimus in the routine clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1151-8. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Combined use of immunoassay and two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of metabolites from biotherapeutic pharmacokinetic samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Ma J, Wu B, Zeng X. Chemical Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Erigeron Injection by Rapid-Resolution LC Coupled with Multi-Stage and Quadrupole-TOF-MS. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Moes DJAR, Press RR, de Fijter JW, Guchelaar HJ, den Hartigh J. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Outperforms Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay in Monitoring Everolimus Therapy in Renal Transplantation. Ther Drug Monit 2010; 32:413-9. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181e5c656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Taylor PJ, Tai CH, Franklin ME, Pillans PI. The current role of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressant and antiretroviral drugs. Clin Biochem 2010; 44:14-20. [PMID: 20599871 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring of critical dose immunosuppressant drugs is established clinical practice and there are similar good reasons to monitor antiretrovirals. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature (last five years), with particular reference to the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS offers many potential advantages. The superior selectivity of LC-MS/MS over immunoassays for immunosuppressant drugs has been widely reported. Simultaneous measurement of a number of drugs can be performed. It is currently routine practice for the four major immunosuppressants (cyclosporin, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus) to be simultaneously measured in whole blood. While up to 17 antiretroviral drugs have been simultaneously measured in plasma. The exquisite sensitivity of LC-MS/MS also provides the opportunity to measure these drugs in alternative matrices, such as dried blood spots, saliva, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissue. However, the clinical utility of measuring these classes of drugs in alternative matrices is still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Taylor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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46
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New insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolic acid: possible consequences for therapeutic drug monitoring in solid organ transplantation. Ther Drug Monit 2010; 31:416-35. [PMID: 19536049 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181aa36cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive drugs has been an integral part of routine clinical practice in solid organ transplantation for many years, ongoing research in the field of immunosuppressive drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical TDM keeps yielding new insights that might have future clinical implications. In this review, the authors will highlight some of these new insights for the calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) cyclosporine and tacrolimus and the antimetabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) and will discuss the possible consequences. For CNIs, important relevant lessons for TDM can be learned from the results of 2 recently published large CNI minimization trials. Furthermore, because acute rejection and drug-related adverse events do occur despite routine application of CNI TDM, alternative approaches to better predict the dose-concentration-response relationship in the individual patient are being explored. Monitoring of CNI concentrations in lymphocytes and other tissues, determination of CNI metabolites, and CNI pharmacogenetics and pharmacodynamics are in their infancy but have the potential to become useful additions to conventional CNI TDM. Although MPA is usually administered at a fixed dose, there is a rationale for MPA TDM, and this is substantiated by the increasing knowledge of the many nongenetic and genetic factors contributing to the interindividual and intraindividual variability in MPA pharmacokinetics. However, recent, large, randomized clinical trials investigating the clinical utility of MPA TDM have reported conflicting data. Therefore, alternative pharmacokinetic (ie, MPA free fraction and metabolites) and pharmacodynamic approaches to better predict drug efficacy and toxicity are being explored. Finally, for MPA and tacrolimus, novel formulations have become available. For MPA, the differences in pharmacokinetic behavior between the old and the novel formulation will have implications for TDM, whereas for tacrolimus, this probably will not to be the case.
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47
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Durner J. Die klinische Chemie - Herausforderung der Medizin für die analytische Chemie und die Nanowissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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48
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Durner J. Clinical Chemistry: Challenges for Analytical Chemistry and the Nanosciences from Medicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:1026-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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49
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Yargui L, Berhoune A. Monitoring of C0 and C2 blood concentrations of cyclosporine on the Roche Hitachi 902 analyzer. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:3713-9. [PMID: 19917373 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work provided parameters to perform the widely used enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (Emit) cyclosporine assay on a Hitachi 902 analyzer. Instrument settings were optimized to arrive at assay characteristics regarding precision, linearity, and lower limit of quantitation among 105 samples from renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine. We compared successive results with Emit on a Cobas Integra 400 analyzer with HPLC-UV. We validated a quantitation range of 20-500 ng/mL. For all parameters tested total imprecision <5%. Calibration stability was at least 30 days. The reagent cartridge in the instrument was stable for 2 months between runs. We observed good correlations with other analytical methods. The following equations were obtained: Hitachi 902 = 0.984 Cobas Integra + 2.097; r = 0.998 and Hitachi 902 = 1.019 LC-UV + 3.143; r = 0.974. The mean bias was 1.68% for C0 and 0.02% for C2 concentrations between Hitachi 902 and Cobas Integra 400. Overestimations of 5.61% for C0 and 8.81% for C2 levels assayed with Emit Hitachi 902 were observed compared with LC-UV. The proposed, validated protocol enhanced the versatility of the Emit assay for routine therapeutic drug monitoring. The Hitachi 902 analyzer is an acceptable option for evaluation of C0 and C2 blood cyclosporine concentrations in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yargui
- Biochemistry Central Laboratory, Mustapha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
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50
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A rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus in human blood samples. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:526-34. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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