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Tsuji M, Nair MS, Masuda K, Castagna C, Chong Z, Darling TL, Seehra K, Hwang Y, Ribeiro ÁL, Ferreira GM, Corredor L, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Tsuji Y, Mori M, Boon ACM, Diamond MS, Huang Y, Ho DD. An immunostimulatory glycolipid that blocks SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza infections in vivo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3959. [PMID: 37402814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have lowered the incidence of severe COVID-19, but emergence of viral variants that are antigenically distinct from the vaccine strains are of concern and additional, broadly acting preventive approaches are desirable. Here, we report on a glycolipid termed 7DW8-5 that exploits the host innate immune system to enable rapid control of viral infections in vivo. This glycolipid binds to CD1d on antigen-presenting cells and thereby stimulates NKT cells to release a cascade of cytokines and chemokines. The intranasal administration of 7DW8-5 prior to virus exposure significantly blocked infection by three different authentic variants of SARS-CoV-2, as well as by respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus, in mice or hamsters. We also found that this protective antiviral effect is both host-directed and mechanism-specific, requiring both the CD1d molecule and interferon-[Formula: see text]. A chemical compound like 7DW8-5 that is easy to administer and cheap to manufacture may be useful not only in slowing the spread of COVID-19 but also in responding to future pandemics long before vaccines or drugs are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kazuya Masuda
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Candace Castagna
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhenlu Chong
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kuljeet Seehra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Youngmin Hwang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ágata Lopes Ribeiro
- Basic and Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovane Marques Ferreira
- Basic and Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laura Corredor
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Yukiko Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Aiba T, Suehara S, Choy SL, Maekawa Y, Lotter H, Murai T, Inuki S, Fukase K, Fujimoto Y. Employing BINOL-Phosphoroselenoyl Chloride for Selective Inositol Phosphorylation and Synthesis of Glycosyl Inositol Phospholipid from Entamoeba histolytica. Chemistry 2017; 23:8304-8308. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Aiba
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate school of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Sae Suehara
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Siew-Ling Choy
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine; Bernhard-Nocht-Str.74 Hamburg 20359 Germany
| | - Yuuki Maekawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Faculty of Engineering; Gifu University, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hannelore Lotter
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine; Bernhard-Nocht-Str.74 Hamburg 20359 Germany
| | - Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Faculty of Engineering; Gifu University, Yanagido; Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate school of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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3
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Keller CW, Freigang S, Lünemann JD. Reciprocal Crosstalk between Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer T Cells: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Immunol 2017; 8:570. [PMID: 28596767 PMCID: PMC5442181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T cells carrying a highly conserved, semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) [invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells] are a subset of unconventional T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules. Although CD1d is expressed on a variety of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are key presenters of glycolipid antigen in vivo. When stimulated through their TCR, iNKT cells rapidly secrete copious amounts of cytokines and induce maturation of DCs, thereby facilitating coordinated stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The bidirectional crosstalk between DCs and iNKT cells determines the functional outcome of iNKT cell-targeted responses and iNKT cell agonists are used and currently being evaluated as adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. This review illustrates mechanistic underpinnings of reciprocal DCs and iNKT cell interactions and discusses how those can be harnessed for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Keller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Freigang
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Li X, Huang J, Kaneko I, Zhang M, Iwanaga S, Yuda M, Tsuji M. A potent adjuvant effect of a CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand in human immune system mice. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:73-80. [PMID: 27801602 PMCID: PMC5526659 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1256208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A CD1d-binding invariant natural killer T (iNKT)-cell stimulatory glycolipid, namely 7DW8-5, is shown to enhance the efficacy of radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS)-based malaria vaccine in mice. In the current study, we aim to determine whether 7DW8-5 can display a potent adjuvant effect in human immune system (HIS) mice. METHODS HIS-A2/hCD1d mice, which possess both functional human iNKT cells and CD8+ T cells, were generated by the transduction of NSG mice with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 expressing genes that encode human CD1d molecules and HLA-A*0201, followed by the engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells. The magnitudes of human iNKT-cell response against 7DW8-5 and HLA-A*0201-restricted human CD8+ T-cell response against a human malaria antigen in HIS-A2/hCD1d mice were determined by using human CD1d tetramer and human HLA-A*0201 tetramer, respectively. RESULTS We found that 7DW8-5 stimulates human iNKT cells in HIS-A2/hCD1d mice, as well as those derived from HIS-A2/hCD1d mice in vitro. We also found that 7DW8-5 significantly increases the level of a human malarial antigen-specific HLA-A*0201-restricted human CD8+ T-cell response in HIS-A2/hCD1d mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that 7DW8-5 can display a potent adjuvant effect on RAS vaccine-induced anti-malarial immunity by augmenting malaria-specific human CD8+ T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Li
- a HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center , Affiliate of The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Jing Huang
- a HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center , Affiliate of The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Izumi Kaneko
- b Department of Medical Zoology , Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu , Mie , Japan
| | - Min Zhang
- a HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center , Affiliate of The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
- c Department of Pathology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- b Department of Medical Zoology , Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu , Mie , Japan
| | - Masao Yuda
- b Department of Medical Zoology , Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu , Mie , Japan
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- a HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center , Affiliate of The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
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5
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Effects of Invariant NKT Cells on Parasite Infections and Hygiene Hypothesis. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2395645. [PMID: 27563682 PMCID: PMC4987483 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2395645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are unique subset of innate-like T cells recognizing glycolipids. iNKT cells can rapidly produce copious amounts of cytokines upon antigen stimulation and exert potent immunomodulatory activities for a wide variety of immune responses and diseases. We have revealed the regulatory effect of iNKT cells on autoimmunity with a serial of publications. On the other hand, the role of iNKT cells in parasitic infections, especially in recently attractive topic “hygiene hypothesis,” has not been clearly defined yet. Bacterial and parasitic cell wall is a cellular structure highly enriched in a variety of glycolipids and lipoproteins, some of which may serve as natural ligands of iNKT cells. In this review, we mainly summarized the recent findings on the roles and underlying mechanisms of iNKT cells in parasite infections and their cross-talk with Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, and innate lymphoid cells. In most cases, iNKT cells exert regulatory or direct cytotoxic roles to protect hosts against parasite infections. We put particular emphasis as well on the identification of the natural ligands from parasites and the involvement of iNKT cells in the hygiene hypothesis.
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6
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Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting natural killer T cell responses in cancer. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:623-38. [PMID: 27393665 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system. NKT cells possess a classic αβ T cell receptor (TCR) that is able to recognize self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, CD1d. Type I NKT cells (referred to as invariant NKT cells) express a semi-invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR in mice and Vα24Jα18 TCR in humans. Type II NKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that express a more diverse set of TCR α chains. The two types of NKT cells often exert opposing effects especially in tumor immunity, where type II cells generally suppress tumor immunity while type I NKT cells can enhance anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on the role of NKT cells in cancer. We discuss their effector and suppressive functions, as well as describe preclinical and clinical studies utilizing therapeutic strategies focused on harnessing their potent anti-tumor effector functions, and conclude with a discussion on potential next steps for the utilization of NKT cell-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer.
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7
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Gentilini MV, Pérez ME, Fernández PM, Fainboim L, Arana E. The tumor antigen N-glycolyl-GM3 is a human CD1d ligand capable of mediating B cell and natural killer T cell interaction. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:551-62. [PMID: 26969612 PMCID: PMC11028607 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of N-glycolyl-monosialodihexosyl-ganglioside (NGcGM3) in humans is restricted to cancer cells; therefore, it is a tumor antigen. There are measurable quantities of circulating anti-NGcGM3 antibodies (aNGcGM3 Abs) in human serum. Interestingly, some people have circulating Ag-specific immunoglobulins G (IgGs) that are capable of complement mediated cytotoxicity against NGcGM3 positive cells, which is relevant for tumor surveillance. In light of the chemical nature of Ag, we postulated it as a candidate ligand for CD1d. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the immune mechanism involved in the generation of these Abs entails cross talk between B lymphocytes (Bc) and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT). Combining cellular techniques, such as flow cytometry and biochemical assays, we demonstrated that CD1d binds to NGcGM3 and that human Bc present NGcGM3 in a CD1d context according to two alternative strategies. We also showed that paraformaldehyde treatment of cells expressing CD1d affects the presentation. Finally, by co-culturing primary human Bc with iNKT and measuring Ki-67 expression, we detected a reproducible increment in the proliferation of the iNKT population when Ag was on the medium. Our findings identify a novel, endogenous, human CD1d ligand, which is sufficiently competent to stimulate iNKT. We postulate that CD1d-restricted Bc presentation of NGcGM3 drives effective iNKT activation, an immunological mechanism that has not been previously described for humans, which may contribute to understanding aNGcGM3 occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Virginia Gentilini
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research, Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Pérez
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research, Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Immunogenetics, School of Exact Sciences, University of Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pablo Mariano Fernández
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research, Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Fainboim
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research, Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eloísa Arana
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research, Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Sun W, Wang Y, East JE, Kimball AS, Tkaczuk K, Kesmodel S, Strome SE, Webb TJ. Invariant natural killer T cells generated from human adult hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells are poly-functional. Cytokine 2015; 72:48-57. [PMID: 25569376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an important subset of T cells that can both directly and indirectly mediate anti-tumor immunity. However, cancer patients have a reduction in both iNKT cell number and function, and these deficits limit the potential clinical application of iNKT cells for cancer therapy. To overcome the problem of limited iNKT cell numbers, we investigated whether iNKT cells can be generated in vitro from bone marrow-derived adult hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPC). Our data demonstrate that co-culture of HSPC with OP9-DL1 stromal cells, results in a functional CD3(+) T cell population. These T cells can be further differentiated into iNKT cells by secondary culture with CD1d-Ig-based artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC). Importantly, these in vitro-generated iNKT cells are functional, as demonstrated by their ability to proliferate and secrete IFN-γ and GM-CSF following stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - James E East
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Amy S Kimball
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Katherine Tkaczuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Susan Kesmodel
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Scott E Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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9
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Development of a qPCR method to rapidly assess the function of NKT cells. J Immunol Methods 2014; 407:82-9. [PMID: 24721393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NKT cells comprise a rare, but important subset of T cells which account for ~0.2% of the total circulating T cell population. NKT cells are known to have anti-tumor functions and rapidly produce high levels of cytokines following activation. Several clinical trials have sought to exploit the effector functions of NKT cells. While some studies have shown promise, NKT cells are approximately 50% lower in cancer patients compared to healthy donors of the same age and gender, thus limiting their therapeutic efficacy. These studies indicate that baseline levels of activation should be assessed before initiating an NKT cell based immunotherapeutic strategy. AIM The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive method to rapidly assess NKT cell function. METHODS We utilized artificial antigen presenting cells in combination with qPCR in order to determine NKT cell function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and breast cancer patients. RESULTS We found that NKT cell activation can be detected by qPCR, but not by ELISA, in healthy donors as well as in breast cancer patients following four hour stimulation. CONCLUSION This method utilizing CD1d-expressing aAPCs will enhance our knowledge of NKT cell biology and could potentially be used as a novel tool in adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies.
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10
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Dowds CM, Kornell SC, Blumberg RS, Zeissig S. Lipid antigens in immunity. Biol Chem 2014; 395:61-81. [PMID: 23999493 PMCID: PMC4128234 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are not only a central part of human metabolism but also play diverse and critical roles in the immune system. As such, they can act as ligands of lipid-activated nuclear receptors, control inflammatory signaling through bioactive lipids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins, and modulate immunity as intracellular phospholipid- or sphingolipid-derived signaling mediators. In addition, lipids can serve as antigens and regulate immunity through the activation of lipid-reactive T cells, which is the topic of this review. We will provide an overview of the mechanisms of lipid antigen presentation, the biology of lipid-reactive T cells, and their contribution to immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Marie Dowds
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center
Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstraße 12, D-24105 Kiel,
Germany
| | - Sabin-Christin Kornell
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center
Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstraße 12, D-24105 Kiel,
Germany
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center
Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstraße 12, D-24105 Kiel,
Germany
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11
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Sunshine JC, Green JJ. Nanoengineering approaches to the design of artificial antigen-presenting cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1173-89. [PMID: 23837856 PMCID: PMC3951141 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) have shown great initial promise for ex vivo activation of cytotoxic T cells. The development of aAPCs has focused mainly on the choice of proteins to use for surface presentation to T cells when conjugated to various spherical, microscale particles. We review here biomimetic nanoengineering approaches that have been applied to the development of aAPCs that move beyond initial concepts about aAPC development. This article also discusses key technologies that may be enabling for the development of nano- and micro-scale aAPCs with nanoscale features, and suggests several future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Sunshine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute & the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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12
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Li X, Tsuji M, Schneck J, Webb TJ. Generation of Mouse iNKT Cell Lines. Bio Protoc 2013; 3:e419. [PMID: 27280122 PMCID: PMC4894331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells bridge the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and manipulating their effector functions can have therapeutic significances in the treatment of autoimmunity, transplant biology, infectious disease and cancer. This important lymphocyte subset regulates the immune system through their potent cytokine production following the recognition of lipid antigen present in the context of the MHC class I-like CD1d molecule, in addition their ability to directly mediate cytotoxicity. Here, we describe a method of expanding mouse invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lines from mononuclear cells isolated from the thymus, spleen, or liver using bone marrow derived dendritic cells. These iNKT cell lines can be used study their co-signaling requirements, cytokine profiles and cytotoxic functions which will greatly enhance our knowledge of iNKT cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Li
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Schneck
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tonya J. Webb
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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13
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Li X, Tsuji M, Schneck J, Webb TJ. Generation of Human iNKT Cell Lines. Bio Protoc 2013; 3:e418. [PMID: 27570795 PMCID: PMC4998839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells comprise an important immunoregulatory T cell subset and express cell surface proteins characteristic of both natural killer cells and T cells. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are activated by lipid antigen presented in the context of CD1d molecules, in contrast to classic T cell subsets, which recognize peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules. Following activation, iNKT cells rapidly secrete large amounts of cytokines and can lyse tumor cells and virally infected cells; however, iNKT cells are reduced in patients with autoimmune disease and cancer. The potential to characterize and investigate the prospective use of iNKT cells for therapeutic purposes has significantly increased with the ability to stimulate and expand human iNKT cells. In this protocol, we describe a method to generate and propagate primary human iNKT cells. Specifically, primary iNKT cells were isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and then expanded periodically with irradiated α-GalCer loaded autologous immature dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of human IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Li
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Schneck
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tonya J. Webb
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Li X, Tsuji M, Schneck J, Webb T. Generation of Mouse iNKT Cell Lines. Bio Protoc 2013. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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East JE, Sun W, Webb TJ. Artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC) mediated activation and expansion of natural killer T cells. J Vis Exp 2012:4333. [PMID: 23299308 PMCID: PMC3577866 DOI: 10.3791/4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of T cells that display markers characteristic of both natural killer (NK) cells and T cells1. Unlike classical T cells, NKT cells recognize lipid antigen in the context of CD1 molecules2. NKT cells express an invariant TCRα chain rearrangement: Vα14Jα18 in mice and Vα24Jα18 in humans, which is associated with Vβ chains of limited diversity3-6, and are referred to as canonical or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Similar to conventional T cells, NKT cells develop from CD4-CD8- thymic precursor T cells following the appropriate signaling by CD1d 7. The potential to utilize NKT cells for therapeutic purposes has significantly increased with the ability to stimulate and expand human NKT cells with α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and a variety of cytokines8. Importantly, these cells retained their original phenotype, secreted cytokines, and displayed cytotoxic function against tumor cell lines. Thus, ex vivo expanded NKT cells remain functional and can be used for adoptive immunotherapy. However, NKT cell based-immunotherapy has been limited by the use of autologous antigen presenting cells and the quantity and quality of these stimulator cells can vary substantially. Monocyte-derived DC from cancer patients have been reported to express reduced levels of costimulatory molecules and produce less inflammatory cytokines9,10. In fact, murine DC rather than autologous APC have been used to test the function of NKT cells from CML patients11. However, this system can only be used for in vitro testing since NKT cells cannot be expanded by murine DC and then used for adoptive immunotherapy. Thus, a standardized system that relies on artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPC) could produce the stimulating effects of DC without the pitfalls of allo- or xenogeneic cells12, 13. Herein, we describe a method for generating CD1d-based aAPC. Since the engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) by CD1d-antigen complexes is a fundamental requirement of NKT cell activation, antigen: CD1d-Ig complexes provide a reliable method to isolate, activate, and expand effector NKT cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E East
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
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Sun W, Subrahmanyam PB, East JE, Webb TJ. Connecting the dots: artificial antigen presenting cell-mediated modulation of natural killer T cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:505-16. [PMID: 23050947 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute an important subset of T cells that can both directly and indirectly mediate antitumor immunity. However, we and others have reported that cancer patients have a reduction in both NKT cell number and function. NKT cells can be stimulated and expanded with α-GalCer and cytokines and these expanded NKT cells retain their phenotype, remain responsive to antigenic stimulation, and display cytotoxic function against tumor cell lines. These data strongly favor the use of ex vivo expanded NKT cells in adoptive immunotherapy. NKT cell based-immunotherapy has been limited by the use of autologous antigen-presenting cells, which can vary substantially in their quantity and quality. A standardized system that relies on artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) could produce the stimulating effects of dendritic cell (DC) without the pitfalls of allo- or xenogeneic cells. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made using CD1d-based aAPC and how this acellular antigen presenting system can be used in the future to enhance our understanding of NKT cell biology and to develop NKT cell-specific adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Webb TJ, Li X, Giuntoli RL, Lopez PHH, Heuser C, Schnaar RL, Tsuji M, Kurts C, Oelke M, Schneck JP. Molecular identification of GD3 as a suppressor of the innate immune response in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3744-52. [PMID: 22649190 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors often display mechanisms to avoid or suppress immune recognition. One such mechanism is the shedding of gangliosides into the local tumor microenvironment, and a high concentration of circulating gangliosides is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we identify ganglioside GD3, which was isolated from the polar lipid fraction of ovarian cancer-associated ascites, as an inhibitory factor that prevents innate immune activation of natural killer T (NKT) cells. Purified GD3 displayed a high affinity for both human and mouse CD1d, a molecule involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. Purified GD3, as well as substances within the ascites, bound to the CD1d antigenic-binding site and did not require additional processing for its inhibitory effect on NKT cells. Importantly, in vivo administration of GD3 inhibited α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced NKT cell activation in a dose-dependent manner. These data therefore indicate that ovarian cancer tumors may use GD3 to inhibit the antitumor NKT cell response as an early mechanism of tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya J Webb
- Department of Pathology and The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Design of a potent CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand as a vaccine adjuvant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:13010-5. [PMID: 20616071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006662107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) has been shown to bind CD1d molecules to activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, and subsequently induce activation of various immune-competent cells, including dendritic cells, thereby providing a significant adjuvant effect for various vaccines. However, in phase I clinical trials, alpha-GalCer was shown to display only marginal biological activity. In our search for a glycolipid that can exert more potent stimulatory activity against iNKT cells and dendritic cells and produce an adjuvant effect superior to alpha-GalCer, we performed step-wise screening assays on a focused library of 25 alpha-GalCer analogues. Assays included quantification of the magnitude of stimulatory activity against human iNKT cells in vitro, binding affinity to human and murine CD1d molecules, and binding affinity to the invariant t cell receptor of human iNKT cells. Through this rigorous and iterative screening process, we have identified a lead candidate glycolipid, 7DW8-5, that exhibits a superior adjuvant effect than alpha-GalCer on HIV and malaria vaccines in mice.
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