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Bao L, Yang A, Liu Z, Ma J, Pan J, Zhu Y, Tang Y, Dong P, Zhao G, Chen S. Development of a mammalian cell-based ZZ display system for IgG quantification. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 37507705 PMCID: PMC10375748 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological laboratories and companies involved in antibody development need convenient and versatile methods to detect highly active antibodies. METHODS To develop a mammalian cell-based ZZ display system for antibody quantification, the eukaryotic ZZ-displayed plasmid was constructed and transfected into CHO cells. After screening by flow cytometric sorting, the stable ZZ display cells were incubated with reference IgG and samples with unknown IgG content for 40 min at 4℃, the relative fluorescence intensity of cells was analyzed and the concentration of IgG was calculated. RESULTS By investigating the effects of different display-associated genetic elements, a eukaryotic ZZ-displaying plasmid with the highest display efficiency were constructed. After transfection and screening, almost 100% of the cells were able to display the ZZ peptide (designated CHO-ZZ cells). These stable CHO-ZZ cells were able to capture a variety of IgG, including human, rabbit, donkey and even mouse and goat. CHO-ZZ cells could be used to quantify human IgG in the range of approximately 12.5-1000 ng/mL, and to identify high-yielding engineered monoclonal cell lines. CONCLUSIONS We have established a highly efficient CHO-ZZ display system in this study, which enables the quantification of IgG from various species under physiological conditions. This system offers the advantage of eliminating the need for antibody purification and will contribute to antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Bao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ziqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jiajie Pan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Pu Dong
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Soda N, Gonzaga ZJ, Pannu AS, Kashaninejad N, Kline R, Salomon C, Nguyen NT, Sonar P, Rehm BHA, Shiddiky MJA. Electrochemical Detection of Global DNA Methylation Using Biologically Assembled Polymer Beads. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3787. [PMID: 34359688 PMCID: PMC8345084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a cell-type-specific epigenetic marker that is essential for transcriptional regulation, silencing of repetitive DNA and genomic imprinting. It is also responsible for the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancers. Herein, we present a simple approach for quantifying global DNA methylation in ovarian cancer patient plasma samples based on a new class of biopolymer nanobeads. Our approach utilises the immune capture of target DNA and electrochemical quantification of global DNA methylation level within the targets in a three-step strategy that involves (i) initial preparation of target single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) from the plasma of the patients' samples, (ii) direct adsorption of polymer nanobeads on the surface of a bare screen-printed gold electrode (SPE-Au) followed by the immobilisation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antibody, and (iii) immune capture of target ss-DNA onto the electrode-bound PHB/5mC-HRP antibody conjugates and their subsequent qualification using the hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase/hydroquinone (H2O2/HRP/HQ) redox cycling system. In the presence of methylated DNA, the enzymatically produced (in situ) metabolites, i.e., benzoquinone (BQ), binds irreversibly to cellular DNA resulting in the unstable formation of DNA adducts and induced oxidative DNA strand breakage. These events reduce the available BQ in the system to support the redox cycling process and sequel DNA saturation on the platform, subsequently causing high Coulombic repulsion between BQ and negatively charged nucleotide strands. Thus, the increase in methylation levels on the electrode surface is inversely proportional to the current response. The method could successfully detect as low as 5% methylation level. In addition, the assay showed good reproducibility (% RSD ≤ 5%) and specificity by analysing various levels of methylation in cell lines and plasma DNA samples from patients with ovarian cancer. We envision that our bioengineered polymer nanobeads with high surface modification versatility could be a useful alternative platform for the electrochemical detection of varying molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narshone Soda
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (N.K.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Zennia Jean Gonzaga
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Amandeep Singh Pannu
- Centre for Material Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (A.S.P.); (P.S.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (N.K.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Richard Kline
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA;
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA;
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (N.K.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Prashant Sonar
- Centre for Material Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (A.S.P.); (P.S.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (N.K.); (N.-T.N.)
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Soda N, Gonzaga ZJ, Chen S, Koo KM, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA, Rehm BHA. Bioengineered Polymer Nanobeads for Isolation and Electrochemical Detection of Cancer Biomarkers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31418-31430. [PMID: 34185493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Early sensitive diagnosis of cancer is critical for enhancing treatment success. We previously bioengineered multifunctional core-shell structures composed of a poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) core densely coated with protein functions for uses in bioseparation and immunodiagnostic applications. Here, we report bioengineering of Escherichia coli to self-assemble PHB inclusions that codisplay a ferritin-derived iron-binding peptide and the protein A-derived antibody-binding Z domain. The iron-binding peptide mediated surface coating with a ferrofluid imparting superparamagnetic properties, while the Z domain remained accessible for binding of cancer biomarker-specific antibodies. We demonstrated that these nanobeads can specifically bind biomarkers in complex mixtures, enabling efficient magnetic separation toward enhanced electrochemical detection of cancer biomarkers such as methylated DNA and exosomes from cancer cells. Our study revealed that superparamagnetic core-shell structures can be derived from biological self-assembly systems for uses in sensitive and specific electrochemical detection of cancer biomarkers, laying the foundation for engineering advanced nanomaterials for diverse diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narshone Soda
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Zennia Jean Gonzaga
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Kevin M Koo
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Chanasit W, Gonzaga ZJC, Rehm BHA. Analysis of the alginate O-acetylation machinery in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2179-2191. [PMID: 31900562 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
O-acetylation of alginate produced by the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly contributes to its pathogenesis. Three proteins, AlgI, AlgJ and AlgF have been implicated to form a complex and act together with AlgX for O-acetylation of alginate. AlgI was proposed to transfer the acetyl group across the cytoplasmic membrane, while periplasmic AlgJ was hypothesised to transfer the acetyl group to AlgX that acetylates alginate. To elucidate the proposed O-acetylation multiprotein complex, isogenic knockout mutants of algI, algJ and algF genes were generated in the constitutively alginate overproducing P. aeruginosa PDO300 to enable mutual stability studies. All knockout mutants were O-acetylation negative and complementation with the respective genes in cis or trans restored O-acetylation of alginate. Interestingly, only the AlgF deletion impaired alginate production suggesting a link to the alginate polymerisation/secretion multiprotein complex. Mutual stability experiments indicated that AlgI and AlgF interact independent of AlgJ as well as impact on stability of the alginate polymerisation/secretion multiprotein complex. Deletion of AlgJ did not destabilise AlgX and vice versa. When the alginate polymerase, Alg8, was absent, then AlgI and AlgF stability was strongly impaired supporting a link of the O-acetylation machinery with alginate polymerisation. Pull-down experiments suggested that AlgI interacts with AlgJ, while AlgF interacts with AlgJ and AlgI. Overall, these results suggested that AlgI-AlgJ-AlgF form a multiprotein complex linked via Alg8 to the envelope-spanning alginate polymerisation/secretion multiprotein complex to mediate O-acetylation of nascent alginate. Here, we provide the first insight on how the O-acetylation machinery is associated with alginate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wankuson Chanasit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Patthalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Zennia Jean C Gonzaga
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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Soda N, Rehm BHA, Sonar P, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6670-6704. [PMID: 31646316 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic concept that provides important information for monitoring and identifying tumor genomes in body fluid samples. Detection of tumor origin biomolecules like circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor specific nucleic acids (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs)), exosomes, autoantibodies in blood, saliva, stool, urine, etc. enables cancer screening, early stage diagnosis and evaluation of therapy response through minimally invasive means. From reliance on painful and hazardous tissue biopsies or imaging depending on sophisticated equipment, cancer management schemes are witnessing a rapid evolution towards minimally invasive yet highly sensitive liquid biopsy-based tools. Clinical application of liquid biopsy is already paving the way for precision theranostics and personalized medicine. This is achieved especially by enabling repeated sampling, which in turn provides a more comprehensive molecular profile of tumors. On the other hand, integration with novel miniaturized platforms, engineered nanomaterials, as well as electrochemical detection has led to the development of low-cost and simple platforms suited for point-of-care applications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis, significance and potential role of four widely known biomarkers (CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA and exosomes) in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we provide a detailed discussion of the inherent biological and technical challenges associated with currently available methods and the possible pathways to overcome these challenges. The recent advances in the application of a wide range of nanomaterials in detecting these biomarkers are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narshone Soda
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
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Grage K, McDermott P, Rehm BHA. Engineering Bacillus megaterium for production of functional intracellular materials. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:211. [PMID: 29166918 PMCID: PMC5700737 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 10-15 years, a technology has been developed to engineer bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) inclusions as functionalized beads, for applications such as vaccines, diagnostics and enzyme immobilization. This has been achieved by translational fusion of foreign proteins to the PHB synthase (PhaC). The respective fusion protein mediates self-assembly of PHB inclusions displaying the desired protein function. So far, beads have mainly been produced in recombinant Escherichia coli, which is problematic for some applications as the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) co-purified with such inclusions are toxic to humans and animals. RESULTS In this study, we have bioengineered the formation of functional PHB inclusions in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium, an LPS-free and established industrial production host. As B. megaterium is a natural PHB producer, the PHB-negative strain PHA05 was used to avoid any background PHB production. Plasmid-mediated T7 promoter-driven expression of the genes encoding β-ketothiolase (phaA), acetoacetyl-CoA-reductase (phaB) and PHB synthase (phaC) enabled PHB production in B. megaterium PHA05. To produce functionalized PHB inclusions, the N- and C-terminus of PhaC was fused to four and two IgG binding Z-domains from Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The ZZ-domain PhaC fusion protein was strongly overproduced at the surface of the PHB inclusions and the corresponding isolated ZZ-domain displaying PHB beads were found to purify IgG with a binding capacity of 40-50 mg IgG/g beads. As B. megaterium has the ability to sporulate and respective endospores could co-purify with cellular inclusions, a sporulation negative production strain was generated by disrupting the spoIIE gene in PHA05. This strain did not produce spores when tested under sporulation inducing conditions and it was still able to synthesize ZZ-domain displaying PHB beads. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of concept for the successful genetic engineering of B. megaterium as a host for the production of functionalized PHB beads. Disruption of the spoIIE gene rendered B. megaterium incapable of sporulation but particularly suitable for production of functionalized PHB beads. This sporulation-negative mutant represents an improved industrial production strain for biotechnological processes otherwise impaired by the possibility of endospore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Grage
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul McDermott
- Bioline Reagents Ltd., Unit 16, The Edge Business Centre, Humber Road, London, NW2 6EW, UK
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
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Rehm BHA. Bioengineering towards self-assembly of particulate vaccines. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:42-53. [PMID: 28365472 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet demand for safe and efficient vaccines for prevention of various infectious diseases. Subunit vaccines comprise selected pathogen specific antigens are a safe alternative to whole organism vaccines. However they often lack immunogenicity. Natural and synthetic self-assembling polymers and proteins will be reviewed in view their use to encapsulate and/or display antigens to serve as immunogenic antigen carriers for induction of protective immunity. Recent advances made in in vivo assembly of antigen-displaying polyester inclusions will be a focus. Particulate vaccines are inherently immunogenic due to enhanced uptake by antigen presenting cells which process antigens mediating adaptive immune responses. Bioengineering approaches enable the design of tailor-made particulate vaccines to fine tune immune responses towards protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd H A Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Lee SY. Applications of Microbial Biopolymers in Display Technology. CONSEQUENCES OF MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS WITH HYDROCARBONS, OILS, AND LIPIDS: PRODUCTION OF FUELS AND CHEMICALS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123360 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50436-0_377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce a variety of different polymers such as polyamides, polysaccharides, and polyesters. The polyesters, the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are the most extensively studied polymers in regard to their use in display technology. The material properties of bacterial PHAs in combination with their biocompatibility and biodegradability make them attractive substrates for use in display technology applications. By translationally fusing bioactive molecules to a gene encoding a PHA-binding domain, the appropriate functionalization for a given application can be achieved such that the need for chemical immobilization is circumvented. By separately extracting and processing the biopolymer, using it to coat a surface, and then treating this surface with the fusion proteins, surface functionalization for immunodiagnostic microarray or tissue engineering applications can be accomplished. Conversely, by expressing the fusion protein directly in the PHA-producing organisms, one-step production of functionalized beads can be achieved. Such beads have been demonstrated in diverse applications, including fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, microarrays, diagnostic skin test for tuberculosis, vaccines, protein purification, and affinity bioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea (Republic of)
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Parlane NA, Gupta SK, Rubio-Reyes P, Chen S, Gonzalez-Miro M, Wedlock DN, Rehm BHA. Self-Assembled Protein-Coated Polyhydroxyalkanoate Beads: Properties and Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:3043-3057. [PMID: 33445349 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biological polyesters that can be naturally produced by a range of bacteria as water-insoluble inclusions composed of a PHA core coated with PHA synthesis, structural, and regulatory proteins. These naturally self-assembling shell-core particles have been recently conceived as biomaterials that can be bioengineered as biologically active beads for medical applications. Protein engineering of PHA-associated proteins enabled the production of PHA-protein assemblies exhibiting biologically active protein-based functions relevant for applications as vaccines or diagnostics. Here we provide an overview of the recent advances in bioengineering of PHA particles toward the display of biomedically relevant protein functions such as selected disease-specific antigens as diagnostic tools or for the design of particulate subunit vaccines against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, meningitis, pneumonia, and hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Parlane
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sandeep K Gupta
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Patricia Rubio-Reyes
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Majela Gonzalez-Miro
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - D Neil Wedlock
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Oriented Covalent Immobilization of Engineered ZZ-Cys onto Maleimide-Sepharose: An Affinity Platform for IgG Purification. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dinjaski N, Prieto MA. Smart polyhydroxyalkanoate nanobeads by protein based functionalization. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:885-99. [PMID: 25720989 PMCID: PMC7106125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative medicines and personalized biomedical approaches calls for new generation easily tunable biomaterials that can be manufactured applying straightforward and low-priced technologies. Production of functionalized bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanobeads by harnessing their natural carbon-storage granule production system is a thrilling recent development. This branch of nanobiotechnology employs proteins intrinsically binding the PHA granules as tags to immobilize recombinant proteins of interest and design functional nanocarriers for wide range of applications. Additionally, the implementation of new methodological platforms regarding production of endotoxin free PHA nanobeads using Gram-positive bacteria opened new avenues for biomedical applications. This prompts serious considerations of possible exploitation of bacterial cell factories as alternatives to traditional chemical synthesis and sources of novel bioproducts that could dramatically expand possible applications of biopolymers. From the Clinical Editor In the 21st century, we are coming into the age of personalized medicine. There is a growing use of biomaterials in the clinical setting. In this review article, the authors describe the use of natural polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanoparticulates, which are formed within bacterial cells and can be easily functionalized. The potential uses would include high-affinity bioseparation, enzyme immobilization, protein delivery, diagnostics etc. The challenges of this approach remain the possible toxicity from endotoxin and the high cost of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dinjaski
- Polymer Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Auxiliadora Prieto
- Polymer Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Bioengineering of bacteria to assemble custom-made polyester affinity resins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:282-91. [PMID: 25344238 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02595-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proof of concept for the in vivo bacterial production of a polyester resin displaying various customizable affinity protein binding domains is provided. This was achieved by engineering various protein binding domains into a bacterial polyester-synthesizing enzyme. Affinity binding domains based on various structural folds and derived from molecular libraries were used to demonstrate the potential of this technique. Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), engineered OB-fold domains (OBodies), and VHH domains from camelid antibodies (nanobodies) were employed. The respective resins were produced in a single bacterial fermentation step, and a simple purification protocol was developed. Purified resins were suitable for most lab-scale affinity chromatography purposes. All of the affinity domains tested produced polyester beads with specific affinity for the target protein. The binding capacity of these affinity resins ranged from 90 to 600 nmol of protein per wet gram of polyester affinity resin, enabling purification of a recombinant protein target from a complex bacterial cell lysate up to a purity level of 96% in one step. The polyester resin was efficiently produced by conventional lab-scale shake flask fermentation, resulting in bacteria accumulating up to 55% of their cellular dry weight as polyester. A further proof of concept demonstrating the practicality of this technique was obtained through the intracellular coproduction of a specific affinity resin and its target. This enables in vivo binding and purification of the coproduced "target protein." Overall, this study provides evidence for the use of molecular engineering of polyester synthases toward the microbial production of specific bioseparation resins implementing previously selected binding domains.
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Dinjaski N, Prieto MA. Swapping of Phasin Modules To Optimize the In Vivo Immobilization of Proteins to Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Granules in Pseudomonas putida. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3285-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4008937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dinjaski
- Department
of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040
Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Auxiliadora Prieto
- Department
of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040
Madrid, Spain
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Madan B, Chaudhary G, Cramer SM, Chen W. ELP-z and ELP-zz capturing scaffolds for the purification of immunoglobulins by affinity precipitation. J Biotechnol 2013; 163:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Draper JL, Rehm BH. Engineering bacteria to manufacture functionalized polyester beads. Bioengineered 2012; 3:203-8. [PMID: 22705844 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.19567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate tailor-made, functionalized polyester (polyhydroxyalkanoate, PHA) beads in bacteria by harnessing their natural carbon-storage granule production system is an exciting recent development. Proteins that naturally attach to the polyester granule core were rationally engineered to enable in vivo production of PHA beads which are applicable in bioseparation, protein purification, enzyme immobilization and diagnostics and which show advantageous properties toward the development of safe and efficient particulate vaccines. These beads are recombinantly produced as fully functional, insoluble polyester inclusions that can be easily separated from the cell. This simple one-step production of functionalized beads provides a tantalizing alternative to current commercial functional beads, for which proteins must be expressed, purified and then chemically attached to solid supports. The recent success in generating antigen-displaying PHA granules in the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis capable of mediating protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection highlights the promise and flexibility of this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Draper
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Wu DT, Seita Y, Zhang X, Lu CW, Roth MJ. Antibody-directed lentiviral gene transduction for live-cell monitoring and selection of human iPS and hES cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34778. [PMID: 22536330 PMCID: PMC3334894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of stem cells within a mixed population of cells is a major hurdle for stem cell biology--in particular, in the identification of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells during the reprogramming process. Based on the selective expression of stem cell surface markers, a method to specifically infect stem cells through antibody-conjugated lentiviral particles has been developed that can deliver both visual markers for live-cell imaging as well as selectable markers to enrich for iPS cells. Antibodies recognizing SSEA4 and CD24 mediated the selective infection of the iPS cells over the parental human fibroblasts, allowing for rapid expansion of these cells by puromycin selection. Adaptation of the vector allows for the selective marking of human embryonic stem (hES) cells for their removal from a population of differentiated cells. This method has the benefit that it not only identifies stem cells, but that specific genes, including positive and negative selection markers, regulatory genes or miRNA can be delivered to the targeted stem cells. The ability to specifically target gene delivery to human pluripotent stem cells has broad applications in tissue engineering and stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-tze Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yasunari Seita
- Deptartment of Ob/Gyn, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Chi-Wei Lu
- Deptartment of Ob/Gyn, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Roth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Production of a particulate hepatitis C vaccine candidate by an engineered Lactococcus lactis strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8516-22. [PMID: 21984246 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06420-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine delivery systems based on display of antigens on bioengineered bacterial polyester inclusions can stimulate cellular immune responses. The food-grade Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis was engineered to produce spherical polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) inclusions which abundantly displayed the hepatitis C virus core (HCc) antigen. In mice, the immune response induced by this antigen delivery system was compared to that induced by vaccination with HCc antigen displayed on PHB beads produced in Escherichia coli, to PHB beads without antigen produced in L. lactis or E. coli, or directly to the recombinant HCc protein. Vaccination site lesions were minimal in all mice vaccinated with HCc PHB beads or recombinant protein, all mixed in the oil-in-water adjuvant Emulsigen, while vaccination with the recombinant protein in complete Freund's adjuvant produced a marked inflammatory reaction at the vaccination site. Vaccination with the PHB beads produced in L. lactis and displaying HCc antigen produced antigen-specific cellular immune responses with significant release of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) from splenocyte cultures and no significant antigen-specific serum antibody, while the PHB beads displaying HCc but produced in E. coli released IFN-γ and IL-17A as well as the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 and low levels of IgG2c antibody. In contrast, recombinant HCc antigen in Emulsigen produced a diverse cytokine response and a strong IgG1 antibody response. Overall it was shown that L. lactis can be used to produce immunogenic PHB beads displaying viral antigens, making the beads suitable for vaccination against viral infections.
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Jahns AC, Rehm BHA. Relevant uses of surface proteins--display on self-organized biological structures. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 5:188-202. [PMID: 21906264 PMCID: PMC3815779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are often found attached to surfaces of self‐assembling biological units such as whole microbial cells or subcellular structures, e.g. intracellular inclusions. In the last two decades surface proteins were identified that could serve as anchors for the display of foreign protein functions. Extensive protein engineering based on structure–function data enabled efficient display of technically and/or medically relevant protein functions. Small size, diversity of the anchor protein as well as support structure, genetic manipulability and controlled cultivation of phages, bacterial cells and yeasts contributed to the establishment of designed and specifically functionalized tools for applications as sensors, catalysis, biomedicine, vaccine development and library‐based screening technologies. Traditionally, phage display is employed for library screening but applications in biomedicine and vaccine development are also perceived. For some diagnostic purposes phages are even too small in size so other carrier materials where needed and gave way for cell and yeast display. Only recently, intracellular inclusions such as magnetosomes, polyhydroxyalkanoate granules and lipid bodies were conceived as stable subcellular structures enabling the display of foreign protein functions and showing potential as specific and tailor‐made devices for medical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika C Jahns
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Detection of protein-protein interactions using nonimmune IgG and BirA-mediated biotinylation. Biotechniques 2011; 49:881-6. [PMID: 21143209 DOI: 10.2144/000113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of protein-protein interactions in cells is crucial for understanding the biological functions of proteins, including their roles in signal transduction. However, current methods require specific antibodies both for immunoprecipitation and detection, making them expensive and sometimes unreliable. Here we describe protocols for protein-protein interaction assays that use nonimmune IgG-conjugated Sepharose to precipitate the IgG binding domain (ZZ) fused to the bait protein; the interaction partner is fused to Avitag and biotinylated by BirA so that it can be detected by a one-step blot with Dylight 680 streptavidin to detect the Avitag fusion protein. Since this method does not require specific antibodies and is inexpensive, sensitive, and reliable, it should be useful for detecting protein-protein interactions in cells.
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Lu XY, Wu DC, Li ZJ, Chen GQ. Polymer Nanoparticles. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:299-323. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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