1
|
Yan G, Li G, Gao X, Liu J, Li Y, Li J, Zhou H. GTSE1: A potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in various tumors including lung adenocarcinoma. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13757. [PMID: 38715380 PMCID: PMC11077242 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was aimed to comprehensively investigate the expression levels, diagnostic and prognostic implications, and the relationship with immune infiltration of G2 and S phase-expressed-1 (GTSE1) across 33 tumor types, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), through gene expression profiling. METHODS GTSE1 mRNA expression data together with clinical information were acquired from Xena database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), ArrayExpress, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for this study. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to detect differences in GTSE1 expression between groups. The ability of GTSE1 to accurately predict cancer status was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) value for the receiver operating characteristic curve. Additionally, we investigated the predictive value of GTSE1 in individuals diagnosed with neoplasms using univariate Cox regression analysis as well as Kaplan-Meier curves. Furthermore, the correlation between GTSE1 expression and levels of immune infiltration was assessed by utilizing the Tumor Immune Estimate Resource (TIMER) database to calculate the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Finally, the pan-cancer analysis findings were validated by examining the association between GTSE1 expression and prognosis among patients with LUAD. RESULTS GTSE1 exhibited significantly increased expression levels in a wide range of tumor tissues in contrast with normal tissues (p < 0.05). The expression of GTSE1 in various tumors was associated with clinical features, overall survival, and disease-specific survival (p < 0.05). In immune infiltration analyses, a strong correlation of the level of immune infiltration with the expression of GTSE1 was observed. Furthermore, GTSE1 demonstrated good discriminative and diagnostic value for most tumors. Additional experiments confirmed the relationship between elevated GTSE1 expression and unfavorable prognosis in individuals diagnosed with LUAD. These findings indicated the crucial role of GTSE1 expression level in influencing the development and immune infiltration of different types of tumors. CONCLUSIONS GTSE1 might be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of pan-cancer. Meanwhile, it represented a promising target for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiang Yan
- Department of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingxiao Li
- Department of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huafu Zhou
- Department of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiPeople's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Melgoza-González EA, Bustamante-Córdova L, Hernández J. Recent advances in antigen targeting to antigen-presenting cells in veterinary medicine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080238. [PMID: 36969203 PMCID: PMC10038197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in antigen targeting in veterinary medicine have gained traction over the years as an alternative approach for diseases that remain a challenge for traditional vaccines. In addition to the nature of the immunogen, antigen-targeting success relies heavily on the chosen receptor for its direct influence on the elicited response that will ensue after antigen uptake. Different approaches using antibodies, natural or synthetic ligands, fused proteins, and DNA vaccines have been explored in various veterinary species, with pigs, cattle, sheep, and poultry as the most frequent models. Antigen-presenting cells can be targeted using a generic approach, such as broadly expressed receptors such as MHC-II, CD80/86, CD40, CD83, etc., or focused on specific cell populations such as dendritic cells or macrophages (Langerin, DC-SIGN, XCR1, DC peptides, sialoadhesin, mannose receptors, etc.) with contrasting results. Interestingly, DC peptides show high specificity to DCs, boosting activation, stimulating cellular and humoral responses, and a higher rate of clinical protection. Likewise, MHC-II targeting shows consistent results in enhancing both immune responses; an example of this strategy of targeting is the approved vaccine against the bovine viral diarrhea virus in South America. This significant milestone opens the door to continuing efforts toward antigen-targeting vaccines to benefit animal health. This review discusses the recent advances in antigen targeting to antigen-presenting cells in veterinary medicine, with a special interest in pigs, sheep, cattle, poultry, and dogs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu X, Ni G, Zhang P, Li H, Li J, Cavallazzi Sebold B, Wu X, Chen G, Yuan S, Wang T. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and deep tissue proteomics reveal distinct tumour microenvironment in stage-I and II cervical cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:28. [PMID: 36683048 PMCID: PMC9869594 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is the 3rd most common cancer in women and the 4th leading cause of deaths in gynaecological malignancies, yet the exact progression of CC is inconclusive, mainly due to the high complexity of the changing tumour microenvironment (TME) at different stages of tumorigenesis. Importantly, a detailed comparative single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of tumour microenvironment (TME) of CC patients at different stages is lacking. METHODS In this study, a total of 42,928 and 29,200 nuclei isolated from the tumour tissues of stage-I and II CC patients and subjected to single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis. The cell heterogeneity and functions were comparatively investigated using bioinformatic tools. In addition, label-free quantitative mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis was carried out. The proteome profiles of stage-I and II CC patients were compared, and an integrative analysis with the snRNA-seq was performed. RESULTS Compared with the stage-I CC (CCI) patients, the immune response relevant signalling pathways were largely suppressed in various immune cells of the stage-II CC (CCII) patients, yet the signalling associated with cell and tissue development was enriched, as well as metabolism for energy production suggested by the upregulation of genes associated with mitochondria. This was consistent with the quantitative proteomic analysis that showed the dominance of proteins promoting cell growth and intercellular matrix development in the TME of CCII group. The interferon-α and γ responses appeared the most activated pathways in many cell populations of the CCI patients. Several collagens, such as COL12A1, COL5A1, COL4A1 and COL4A2, were found significantly upregulated in the CCII group, suggesting their roles in diagnosing CC progression. A novel transcript AC244205.1 was detected as the most upregulated gene in CCII patients, and its possible mechanistic role in CC may be investigated further. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important resources for decoding the progression of CC and set the foundation for developing novel approaches for diagnosing CC and tackling the immunosuppressive TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicineof, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoying Ni
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicineof, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hejie Li
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD, 4558, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Junjie Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicineof, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Xiaolian Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Songhua Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hong X, Meng S, Tang D, Wang T, Ding L, Yu H, Li H, Liu D, Dai Y, Yang M. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Expansion of Cytotoxic CD4 + T Lymphocytes and a Landscape of Immune Cells in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594658. [PMID: 33603736 PMCID: PMC7884617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and its pathogenetic mechanism is far from being understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to pathogenesis of this disease. Methods We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to 57,288 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five patients with pSS and five healthy controls. The immune cell subsets and susceptibility genes involved in the pathogenesis of pSS were analyzed. Flow cytometry was preformed to verify the result of scRNA-seq. Results We identified two subpopulations significantly expand in pSS patients. The one highly expressing cytotoxicity genes is named as CD4+ CTLs cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and another highly expressing T cell receptor (TCR) variable gene is named as CD4+ TRAV13-2+ T cell. Flow cytometry results showed the percentages of CD4+ CTLs, which were profiled with CD4+ and GZMB+ staining; the total T cells of 10 patients with pSS were significantly higher than those of 10 healthy controls (P= 0.008). The expression level of IL-1β in macrophages, TCL1A in B cells, as well as interferon (IFN) response genes in most cell subsets was upregulated in the patients with pSS. Susceptibility genes including HLA-DRB5, CTLA4, and AQP3 were highly expressed in patients with pSS. Conclusions Our data revealed disease-specific immune cell subsets and provided some potential new targets of pSS. Specific expansion of CD4+ CTLs may be involved in the pathogenesis of pSS, which might give valuable insights for therapeutic interventions of pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yetkin GI, Yucel AA, Tekin İÖ, Yılmaz M, Atalay H, Yetkin E. Dendritic cell activation is blunted in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:134-139. [PMID: 30522792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that functional status of dendritic cells (DCs) in diabetic patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) are more mature and activated than diabetic patients without coronary artery disease (CAD) and none diabetic patients with UAP. Accordingly we aimed to assess the activation of DCs in patients with CAD with/and without Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and compare to those in subjects with normal coronary arteries (NCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty three patients with severe CAD who were scheduled to coronary artery by-pass grafting surgery and 6 patients with angiographycally NCAs were included in the study. Activation of peripheral blood DCs have been analyzed by flow cytometric measures of CD86 activation. RESULTS In patients with CAD and without DM, DC activation significantly increased after stimulation of oxidesized LDL (135 ± 121 vs 248 ± 197 p = 0.024). However this activation didn't significantly increased in patients with CAD and DM (100 ± 20 vs 120 ± 97, p = 0,54). Patients with NCAs and without DM showed marked activation of CD86 after stimulation with ox-LDL. CONCLUSION We have documented that DC activation, upon stimulation of ox-LDL has blunted in patients with CAD compared to patients with NCAs. Moreover this defective activation is more pronounced in those with diabetic patients with CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysegul Atak Yucel
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - İshak Özel Tekin
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University School of Medicine, Department of Immonology, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yılmaz
- Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Atalay
- Middle East Hospital Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Ertan Yetkin
- Yenisehir Hospital Division of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Decrease in circulating dendritic cell precursors in patients with peripheral artery disease. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:450957. [PMID: 25960616 PMCID: PMC4413958 DOI: 10.1155/2015/450957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis. Inflammation is important for initiation and progression of the disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen-presenting cells play an important role in the immune system. Therefore, we hypothesize that, in patients with PAD, DCPs might be reduced in blood due to their recruitment into the vascular wall and induce a proinflammatory response. The numbers of myeloid DCPs, plasmacytoid DCPs, and total DCPs were analyzed by flow cytometry in blood of patients with PAD (n = 52) compared to controls (n = 60). Femoralis plaques (n = 12) of patients who underwent surgery were immunostained for CD209 and CD83 (mDCs) as well as CD304, CD123 (pDCs), and HLA-DR. In patients with PAD, a significant decrease in mDCPs, pDCPs, and tDCPs was observed. In immunostaining, markers indicative for mDCs (CD209: 16 versus 8 cells/0.1 mm(2), P = 0.02; CD83: 19 versus 5 cells/0.1 mm(2), P = 0.03) were significantly elevated in femoralis plaques compared to control vessels. We show for the first time that mDCPs, pDCPs, and tDCPs are significantly reduced in patients with PAD. Immunohistochemical analysis unraveled that the decrease in DCPs might be due to their recruitment into atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zernecke A. Dendritic cells in atherosclerosis: evidence in mice and humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:763-70. [PMID: 25675999 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease is driven by chronic inflammation involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are found in healthy arteries and accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions and engage in diverse pathogenic and protective mechanisms during atherogenesis. DCs contribute to early foam cell formation, regulate lipid metabolism, and control pro- and antiatherosclerotic T-cell responses by multifarious mechanisms. We, here, review the roles of DCs and plasmacytoid DCs in experimental models of atherosclerosis and the approaches to target DCs in therapeutic vaccination strategies. We, furthermore, discuss the evidence of the potential function of DCs in human atherosclerosis, and dissect the efforts to harness DC subsets as biomarkers of disease. Finally, we discuss necessary future steps that will help to understand the specific contribution of bona fide DCs in atherosclerosis to move toward novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- From the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (A.C., L.T., B.L., E.A.L.B.); Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany (A.C.); and Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paul K, Kretzschmar D, Yilmaz A, Bärthlein B, Titze S, Wolf G, Busch M. Circulating dendritic cell precursors in chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:274. [PMID: 24325304 PMCID: PMC3878881 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. They patrol the blood as circulating dendritic cell precursors (DCP). Decreased blood DCP count has been shown to be related to atherosclerotic plaque burden. Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with chronic inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk, the aim of our study was to investigate a potential effect of CKD on circulating DCP numbers especially in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. METHODS The number of circulating myeloid (mDCP), plasmacytoid (pDCP), and total DCP (tDCP) was analysed by flow cytometry in 245 patients with CKD stage 3 (with and without known cardiovascular events) and 85 coronary healthy controls. In addition, data were compared with a historical group of 130 patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS Compared to controls, patients with CKD 3 revealed a significant decrease in circulating mDCP (-29%), pDCP (-43%), and tDCP (-38%) (P < 0.001, respectively). Compared with CAD-patients, the decrease in circulating DCP in CKD was comparable or even more pronounced indicating a potential role for DCP in cardiovascular risk potentiation due to CKD. CONCLUSIONS Based on previous findings in CAD, the marked decrease of DCP in CKD implicates a potential role for DCP as a mediator of cardiovascular disease. Whether DCP in CKD may act as new cardiovascular biomarkers needs to be established in future prospective trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Jena University Hospital Friedrich-Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena, 07740 Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Businaro R. Neuroimmunology of the atherosclerotic plaque: a morphological approach. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 8:15-27. [PMID: 23150034 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process, lasting for several decades until the onset of its clinical manifestations. The progression of the atherosclerotic lesion to a stable fibrotic plaque, narrowing the vascular lumen, or to a vulnerable plaque leading to main vascular complications, is associated to the involvement of several cell subpopulations of the innate as well as of the adaptive immunity, and to the release of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Emerging evidence outlines that the cardiovascular risk is dependent on stress-mediators influencing cell migration and vascular remodeling. The view that atherosclerosis is initiated by monocytes and lymphocytes adhering to dysfunctional endothelial cells is substantiated by experimental and clinical observations. Macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes accumulating into the subendothelial space secrete and are stimulated by soluble factors, including peptides, proteases and cytokines acting synergistically. The final step of the disease, leading to plaque destabilization and rupture, is induced by the release, at the level of the fibrous cap, of metalloproteinases and elastases by the activated leukocytes which accumulate locally. Recruitment of specific cell subpopulations as well as the progression of atherosclerotic lesions towards a stable or an unstable phenotype, are related to the unbalance between pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic factors. In this connection stress hormones deserve particular attention, since their role in vascular remodeling, via vascular smooth cell proliferation, as well as in neoangiogenesis, via stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration, has been already established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Play a Key Role in Promoting Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2569-79. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.251314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Clinical studies have identified that reduced numbers of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) act as a predictor of cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease and that pDCs are detectable in the shoulder region of human atherosclerotic plaques, where rupture is most likely to occur. Results from animal models are controversial, with pDCs seen to inhibit or promote lesion development depending on the experimental settings. Here, we investigated the role of pDCs in atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E−deficient mice.
Methods and Results—
We demonstrated that the aorta and spleen of both apolipoprotein E−deficient and C57BL/6 mice displayed similar numbers of pDCs, with similar activation status. In contrast, assessment of antigen uptake/presentation using the Eα/Y-Ae system revealed that aortic pDCs in apolipoprotein E−deficient
-
mice were capable of presenting in vivo systemically administered antigen. Continuous treatment of apolipoprotein E−deficient mice with anti−mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen 1 (mPDCA-1) antibody caused specific depletion of pDCs in the aorta and spleen and significantly reduced atherosclerosis formation in the aortic sinus (by 46%;
P
<0.001). Depletion of pDCs also reduced macrophages (by 34%;
P
<0.05) and increased collagen content (by 41%;
P
<0.05) in aortic plaques, implying a more stable plaque phenotype. Additionally, pDC depletion reduced splenic T-cell activation and inhibited interleukin-12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, monokine induced by interferon-γ, interferon γ−induced protein 10, and vascular endothelium growth factor serum levels.
Conclusion—
These results identify a critical role for pDCs in atherosclerosis and suggest a potential role for pDC targeting in the control of the pathology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Grassia G, MacRitchie N, Platt AM, Brewer JM, Garside P, Maffia P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis? Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:172-82. [PMID: 23059425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a unique subset of dendritic cells that play distinct and critical roles in the immune response. Importantly, pDCs play a pivotal role in several chronic autoimmune diseases strongly characterized by an increased risk of vascular pathology. Clinical studies have shown that pDCs are detectable in atherosclerotic plaques and others have suggested an association between reduced numbers of circulating pDCs and cardiovascular events. Although the causal relationship between pDCs and atherosclerosis is still uncertain, recent results from mouse models are starting to define the specific role(s) of pDCs in the disease process. In this review, we will discuss the role of pDCs in innate and adaptive immunity, the emerging evidence demonstrating the contribution of pDCs to vascular pathology and we will consider the possible impact of pDCs on the acceleration of atherosclerosis in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Finally, we will discuss how pDCs could be targeted for therapeutic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Grassia
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng C, Wang H, Lu N, Tu XM. Log transformation: application and interpretation in biomedical research. Stat Med 2012; 32:230-9. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Feng
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; University of Rochester; Rochester; NY; 14642; U.S.A
| | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; University of Rochester; Rochester; NY; 14642; U.S.A
| | - Naiji Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; University of Rochester; Rochester; NY; 14642; U.S.A
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; University of Rochester; Rochester; NY; 14642; U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Döring Y, Zernecke A. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2012; 3:230. [PMID: 22754539 PMCID: PMC3385355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall and the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is initiated and maintained by innate and adaptive immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests an important contribution of autoimmune responses to this disease. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a specialized cell type known to produce large amounts of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to bacterial and viral infections, have recently been revealed to play important roles in atherosclerosis. For example, the development of autoimmune complexes consisting of self-DNA and antimicrobial peptides, which trigger chronic type I IFN production by pDCs, promote early atherosclerotic lesion formation. pDCs and pDC-derived type I IFNs can also induce the maturation of conventional DCs and macrophages, and the development of autoreactive B cells and antibody production. These mechanisms, known to play a role in the pathogenesis of other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis, may also affect the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesion formation. This review discusses emerging evidence showing a contribution of pDCs in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Recruitment of circulating dendritic cell precursors into the infarcted myocardium and pro-inflammatory response in acute myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:387-98. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DC (dendritic cells) play an important role in the immune system. They invade peripheral tissues to detect harmful antigens, inducing a local immune response. Studies suggest that DCPs (dendritic cell precursors) might be reduced in AMI (acute myocardial infarction); however, the reason for their reduction is unknown yet. In the present study, circulating mDCPs (myeloid DCPs), pDCPs (plasmacytoid DCPs), tDCPs (total DCPs) and serum levels of TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α), IL (interleukin)-2, -4, -5, -6, -10 and -12 were analysed by flow cytometry in blood of patients with NSTEMI [non-STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction)] (n=44) and STEMI (n=34) compared with controls with excluded CAD (coronary artery disease) (n=45). Post-mortem myocardial specimens of patients with AMI (n=12) and healthy myocardium of accident victims (n=10) were immunostained for mDCs (myeloid dendritic cells) T-cells and macrophages. Compared with controls, in patients with AMI a significant decrease in circulating mDCPs, pDCPs and tDCPs was observed (each P<0.0001). The extent of the decrease was higher in STEMI than NSTEMI patients. Serum levels were significantly higher in patients with AMI compared with controls for IL-6, -10, -12 and TNFα (each P<0.03). Immunostaining revealed significantly higher number of DCs, T-cells and macrophages (each P<0.002) in infarcted than control myocardium. We show that circulating DCPs are significantly reduced in AMI, with a pronounced reduction in STEMI patients. This was accompanied by a significant increase of inflammatory serum cytokines in patients with AMI. Immunohistochemical analysis unravelled that the reduction of circulating DCPs might be due to recruitment into the infarcted myocardium.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Dendritic cells in human atherosclerosis: from circulation to atherosclerotic plaques. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:941396. [PMID: 21976788 PMCID: PMC3184502 DOI: 10.1155/2011/941396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with atherosclerotic plaques containing inflammatory infiltrates predominantly consisting of monocytes/macrophages and activated T cells. More recent is the implication of dendritic cells (DCs) in the disease. Since DCs were demonstrated in human arteries in 1995, numerous studies in humans suggest a role for these professional antigen-presenting cells in atherosclerosis. Aim. This paper focuses on the observations made in blood and arteries of patients with atherosclerosis. In principal, flow cytometric analyses show that circulating myeloid (m) and plasmacytoid (p) DCs are diminished in coronary artery disease, while immunohistochemical studies describe increased intimal DC counts with evolving plaque stages. Moreover, mDCs and pDCs appear to behave differently in atherosclerosis. Yet, the origin of plaque DCs and their relationship with blood DCs are unknown. Therefore, several explanations for the observed changes are postulated. In addition, the technical challenges and discrepancies in the research field are discussed. Future. Future studies in humans, in combination with experimental animal studies will unravel mechanisms leading to altered blood and plaque DCs in atherosclerosis. As DCs are crucial for inducing but also dampening immune responses, understanding their life cycle, trafficking and function in atherosclerosis will determine potential use of DCs in antiatherogenic therapies.
Collapse
|