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Christ A, Maas SL, Jin H, Lu C, Legein B, Wijnands E, Temmerman L, Otten J, Isaacs A, Zenke M, Stoll M, Biessen EAL, van der Vorst EPC. In situ lipid-loading activates peripheral dendritic cell subsets characterized by cellular ROS accumulation but compromises their capacity to prime naïve T cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:406-415. [PMID: 38061606 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, play an important role in pathologies by controlling adaptive immune responses. However, their adaptation to and functionality in hypercholesterolemia, a driving factor in disease onset and progression of atherosclerosis remains to be established. METHODS In this study, we addressed the immediate impact of high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice on separate DC subsets, their compartmentalization and functionality. RESULTS While hypercholesterolemia induced a significant rise in bone marrow myeloid and dendritic cell progenitor (MDP) frequency and proliferation rate after high fat diet feeding, it did not affect DC subset numbers in lymphoid tissue. Hypercholesterolemia led to almost immediate and persistent augmentation in granularity of conventional DCs (cDCs), in particular cDC2, reflecting progressive lipid accumulation by these subsets. Plasmacytoid DCs were only marginally and transiently affected. Lipid loading increased co-stimulatory molecule expression and ROS accumulation by cDC2. Despite this hyperactivation, lipid-laden cDC2 displayed a profoundly reduced capacity to stimulate naïve CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that in hypercholesterolemic conditions, peripheral cDC2 subsets engulf lipids in situ, leading to a more activated status characterized by cellular ROS accumulation while, paradoxically, compromising their T cell priming ability. These findings will have repercussions not only for lipid driven cardiometabolic disorders like atherosclerosis, but also for adaptive immune responses to pathogens and/or endogenous (neo) antigens under conditions of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Health Office Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Legein
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wijnands
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Otten
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Kusters P, Seijkens T, Bürger C, Legein B, Winkels H, Gijbels M, Barthels C, Bennett R, Beckers L, Atzler D, Biessen E, Brocker T, Weber C, Gerdes N, Lutgens E. Constitutive CD40 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Limits Atherosclerosis by Provoking Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ensuing Cholesterol Malabsorption. Am J Pathol 2017; 187:2912-2919. [PMID: 28935569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The costimulatory molecule CD40 is a major driver of atherosclerosis. It is expressed on a wide variety of cell types, including mature dendritic cells (DCs), and is required for optimal T-cell activation and expansion. It remains undetermined whether and how CD40 on DCs impacts the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, the effects of constitutively active CD40 in DCs on atherosclerosis were examined using low-density lipoprotein-deficient (Ldlr-/-) bone marrow chimeras that express a transgene containing an engineered latent membrane protein 1 (LMP)/CD40 fusion protein conferring constitutive CD40 signaling under control of the DC-specific CD11c promoter (DC-LMP1/CD40). As expected, DC-LMP1/CD40/Ldlr-/- chimeras (DC-LMP1/CD40) showed increased antigen-presenting capacity of DCs and increased T-cell numbers. However, the mice developed extensive neutrophilia compared to CD40wt/Ldlr-/- (CD40wt) chimeras. Despite overt T-cell expansion and neutrophilia, a reduction in conventional DC frequency and a dramatic (approximately 80%) reduction in atherosclerosis was observed. Further analyses revealed that cholesterol and triglyceride levels had decreased by 37% and 60%, respectively, in DC-LMP1/CD40 chimeras. Moreover, DC-LMP1/CD40 chimeras developed inflammatory bowel disease characterized by massive transmural influx of leukocytes and lymphocytes, resulting in villous degeneration and lipid malabsorption. Constitutive activation of CD40 in DCs results in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby impairing lipid uptake, which consequently results in attenuated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Bürger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart Legein
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Barthels
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Remy Bennett
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institut for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Klinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Yuchi Y, Cai Y, Legein B, De Groef S, Leuckx G, Coppens V, Van Overmeire E, Staels W, De Leu N, Martens G, Van Ginderachter JA, Heimberg H, Van de Casteele M. Estrogen Receptor α Regulates β-Cell Formation During Pancreas Development and Following Injury. Diabetes 2015; 64:3218-28. [PMID: 26015547 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying pathways for β-cell generation is essential for cell therapy in diabetes. We investigated the potential of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling for stimulating β-cell generation during embryonic development and in the severely injured adult pancreas. E2 concentration, ER activity, and number of ERα transcripts were enhanced in the pancreas injured by partial duct ligation (PDL) along with nuclear localization of ERα in β-cells. PDL-induced proliferation of β-cells depended on aromatase activity. The activation of Neurogenin3 (Ngn3) gene expression and β-cell growth in PDL pancreas were impaired when ERα was turned off chemically or genetically (ERα(-/-)), whereas in situ delivery of E2 promoted β-cell formation. In the embryonic pancreas, β-cell replication, number of Ngn3(+) progenitor cells, and expression of key transcription factors of the endocrine lineage were decreased by ERα inactivation. The current study reveals that E2 and ERα signaling can drive β-cell replication and formation in mouse pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Yuchi
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ying Cai
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Legein
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Groef
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gunter Leuckx
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Violette Coppens
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Overmeire
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem Staels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Martens
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Singh A, Kraaijeveld A, Legein B, Curaj A, Mccoll S, Heemskerk JWM, Liehn E, Tacke F, Biessen E. P93CCL18 aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing CCR6-, not CCR3-, dependent T cell influx and polarization. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu082.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (A.C., L.T., B.L., E.A.L.B.); Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany (A.C.); and Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
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Legein B, Temmerman L, Biessen EAL, Lutgens E. Inflammation and immune system interactions in atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3847-69. [PMID: 23430000 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 16.7 million deaths each year. The underlying cause of the majority of CVD is atherosclerosis. In the past, atherosclerosis was considered to be the result of passive lipid accumulation in the vessel wall. Today's picture is far more complex. Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the formation of plaques in large and mid-sized arteries. Both cells of the innate and the adaptive immune system play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. By transforming immune cells into pro- and anti-inflammatory chemokine- and cytokine-producing units, and by guiding the interactions between the different immune cells, the immune system decisively influences the propensity of a given plaque to rupture and cause clinical symptoms like myocardial infarction and stroke. In this review, we give an overview on the newest insights in the role of different immune cells and subtypes in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Legein
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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