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Heldner A, Heath MD, Schnautz B, Kotz S, Chaker A, Kramer MF, Jakwerth CA, Zissler UM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Blank S. Ex Vivo Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus-, Lacticaseibacillus-, and Bifidobacterium-Containing Synbiotics on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in the Context of Grass Pollen Allergy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:868-879. [PMID: 35113319 PMCID: PMC10393851 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensing of the intestinal microbiota by the host immune system is important to induce protective immune responses. Hence, modification of the gut microbiota might be able to prevent or treat allergies, mediated by proinflammatory Th2 immune responses. The aim was to investigate the ex vivo immunomodulatory effects of the synbiotics Pollagen® and Kallergen®, containing the probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus and Bifidobacterium, in the context of grass pollen allergy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from grass pollen-allergic patients and healthy controls were stimulated with grass pollen extract (GPE) and synbiotics and Gata3 expression and cytokine secretion analyzed. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) cells were matured in the presence of GPE and synbiotics, co-cultured with autologous naïve T cells and maturation markers and cytokine secretion analyzed. GPE stimulation of PBMCs from grass pollen-allergic patients resulted in a significant higher production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 compared to healthy controls. Gata3+CD4+ T cell induction was independent of the allergic status. The synbiotics promoted IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and downregulated the GPE-induced Th2-like phenotype. Co-culturing naïve T cells with MoDCs, matured in the presence of GPE and synbiotics, shifted the GPE-induced Th2 cytokine release towards Th1-Th17-promoting conditions in allergic subjects. The investigated synbiotics are effective in downregulating the GPE-induced Th2 immune response in PBMCs from grass pollen-allergic patients as well as in autologous MoDC-T cell stimulation assays. In addition to increased IL-10 release, the data indicates a shift from a Th2- to a more Th1- and Th17-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heldner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kotz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias F Kramer
- Allergy Therapeutics PLC, Worthing, UK
- Bencard Allergie GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center MunichMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Technical University of Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany.
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Apostolovic D, Grundström J, Kiewiet MBG, Perusko M, Hamsten C, Starkhammar M, Paulie S, van Hage M. Th2-skewed T cells correlate with B cell response to α-Gal and tick antigens in α-Gal syndrome. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:158357. [PMID: 36701195 PMCID: PMC10014093 DOI: 10.1172/jci158357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick bites have been shown to transmit a novel form of severe food allergy, the galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) syndrome (AGS). Cellular responses to α-Gal in patients with AGS have, to date, not been thoroughly scrutinized. Therefore, we investigated T and B cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine profiles in response to tick protein extract (TE) and α-Gal-free TE in patients with AGS and in healthy controls. T and B cells from both patients and controls proliferated in response to TE, but significantly more in patients with AGS. B cell proliferation, but not T cell proliferation, in patients with AGS was reduced by removing α-Gal from the TE. In addition, TE induced a clear Th2 cytokine profile in patients with AGS. Expression of CD23 by B cells correlated only to T cell proliferation. However, both B cell proliferation and CD23 expression were reduced when CD40L and IL-4 were blocked. A large portion of the IgG1 and IgE antibodies binding TE in patients with AGS were directed against the α-Gal epitope. We have, for what we believe to be the first time, investigated T and B cell responses to α-Gal carrying tick proteins in patients with AGS, which will be essential for the understanding of the immune response against an allergenic carbohydrate transmitted by ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Apostolovic
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Grundström
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mensiena B Gea Kiewiet
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marija Perusko
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carl Hamsten
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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Van Hemelen D, Mahler V, Fischer G, Fae I, Reichl-Leb V, Pickl W, Jutel M, Smolinska S, Ebner C, Bohle B, Jahn-Schmid B. HLA class II peptide tetramers vs allergen-induced proliferation for identification of allergen-specific CD4 T cells. Allergy 2015; 70:49-58. [PMID: 25236500 DOI: 10.1111/all.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-labeled MHC class II/peptide tetramer complexes are considered as optimal tools to characterize allergen-specific CD4(+) T cells, but this technique is restricted to frequently expressed HLA class II molecules and knowledge of immunodominant epitopes. In contrast, allergen-stimulated proliferation assessed by CFSE dilution is less sophisticated and widely applicable. The major mugwort allergen, Art v 1, contains only one single, immunodominant, HLA-DR1-restricted epitope (Art v 125-36 ). Thus, essentially all Art v 1-reactive cells should be identified by a HLA-DRB1*01:01/Art v 119-36 tetramer. METHODS We compared specificity and sensitivity of tetramer(+) and allergen-induced proliferating (CFSE(lo) ) CD4(+) T cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequency of tetramer(+) CD4(+) T cells determined ex vivo in PBMC of mugwort-allergic individuals ranged from 0 to 0.029%. After 2-3 weeks of in vitro expansion, sufficient tetramer(+) T cells for phenotyping were detected in 83% of Art v 125-36 -reactive T-cell lines (TCL) from mugwort-allergic individuals, but not in TCL from healthy individuals. The tetramers defined bona fide Th2 cells. Notably, Art v 125-36 -reactive TCL depleted of tetramer(+) T cells still reacted to the peptide, and only 44% of Art v 125-36 -specific T-cell clones were detected by the tetramer. CFSE(lo) CD4(+) T cells contained only 0.3-10.7% of tetramer(+) T cells and very low proportions of Th2 cells. CONCLUSION Allergen-specific T cells can be identified by HLA class II tetramers with high specificity, but unexpected low sensitivity. In contrast, allergen-stimulated CFSE(lo) CD4(+) T cells contain extremely high fractions of bystander cells. Therefore, for T-cell monitoring, either method should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Van Hemelen
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology; Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - V. Mahler
- Department of Dermatology; University of Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
| | - G. Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Fae
- Department of Blood Group Serology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - V. Reichl-Leb
- Institute of Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - W. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Wroclaw Medical University and ‘ALL-MED’ Medical Research Institute; Wroclaw Poland
| | - S. Smolinska
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Wroclaw Medical University and ‘ALL-MED’ Medical Research Institute; Wroclaw Poland
| | - C. Ebner
- Allergieambulatorium Reumannplatz; Vienna Austria
| | - B. Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology; Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - B. Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology; Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Shi ZH, Shi FF, Wang YQ, Sheftel AD, Nie G, Zhao YS, You LH, Gou YJ, Duan XL, Zhao BL, Xu HM, Li CY, Chang YZ. Mitochondrial ferritin, a new target for inhibiting neuronal tumor cell proliferation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:983-97. [PMID: 25213357 PMCID: PMC4323545 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) has a significant effect on the regulation of cytosolic and mitochondrial iron levels. However, because of the deficiency of iron regulatory elements (IRE) in FtMt’s gene sequence, the exact function of FtMt remains unclear. In the present study, we found that FtMt dramatically inhibited SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice. Interestingly, excess FtMt did not adversely affect the development of drosophila. Additionally, we found that the expression of FtMt in human normal brain tissue was significantly higher than that of neuroblastoma, but not higher than that of neurospongioma. However, the expression of transferrin receptor 1 is completely opposite. We therefore hypothesized that increased expression of FtMt may negatively affect the vitality of neuronal tumor cells. Therefore, we further investigated the underlying mechanisms of FtMt’s inhibitory effects on neuronal tumor cell proliferation. As expected, FtMt overexpression disturbed the iron homeostasis of tumor cells and significantly downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Moreover, FtMt affected cell cycle, causing G1/S arrest by modifying the expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE, Cdk2, Cdk4 and p21. Remarkably, FtMt strongly upregulated the expression of the tumor suppressors, p53 and N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), but dramatically decreased C-myc, N-myc and p-Rb levels. This study demonstrates for the first time a new role and mechanism for FtMt in the regulation of cell cycle. We thus propose FtMt as a new candidate target for inhibiting neuronal tumor cell proliferation. Appropriate regulation of FtMt expression may prevent tumor cell growth. Our study may provide a new strategy for neuronal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China,
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Roth-Walter F, Pacios LF, Gomez-Casado C, Hofstetter G, Roth GA, Singer J, Diaz-Perales A, Jensen-Jarolim E. The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104803. [PMID: 25117976 PMCID: PMC4130594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of allergic sensitization to milk are still elusive. The major allergen Bos d 5 belongs to the lipocalin-family and thus is able to transport numerous ligands. In this study we investigated its ability to bind to iron-siderophore complexes and tested the immune-modulatory properties of Bos d 5 in either forms. Structural and in silico docking analysis of Bos d 5 revealed that Bos d 5 is able to bind to iron via catechol-based flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, luteolin) that act as siderophores as confirmed by spectral-analysis and iron staining. Calculated dissociation constants of docking analyses were below 1 µM by virtual addition of iron. When incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), only the apo-form of Bos d 5 led to an increase of CD4+positive cells and significantly elevated IL13 and IFNγ-levels. In contrast, holo-Bos d 5 decreased numbers of CD4 expressing cells and induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data give evidence that Bos d 5 is capable of binding iron via siderophores. Moreover, our data support for the first time the notion that the form of application (apo- or holo-form) is decisive for the subsequent immune response. The apo-form promotes Th2 cells and inflammation, whereas the holo-form appears to be immunosuppressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis F. Pacios
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerlinde Hofstetter
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg A. Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Singer
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Smith KA, Gray NJ, Saleh F, Cheek E, Frew AJ, Kern F, Tarzi MD. Characterisation of CD154+ T cells following ex vivo allergen stimulation illustrates distinct T cell responses to seasonal and perennial allergens in allergic and non-allergic individuals. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:49. [PMID: 24188324 PMCID: PMC4228241 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic sensitisation has been ascribed to a dysregulated relationship between allergen-specific Th1, Th2 and regulatory T cells. We sought to utilise our short-term CD154 detection method to further analyse the relationship between these T cell subsets and investigate differences between seasonal and perennial allergens. Using peripheral blood samples from grass-allergic, cat-allergic and healthy non-atopic subjects, we compared the frequencies and phenotype of CD154-positive T helper cells following stimulation with seasonal (grass) and perennial (cat dander) allergens. Results We identified a higher frequency of CD154+ T cells in grass-allergic individuals compared to healthy controls; this difference was not evident following stimulation with cat allergen. Activated Th1, Th2 and Tr1-like cells, that co-express IFNγ, IL4 and IL10, respectively, were identified in varying proportions in grass-allergic, cat-allergic and non-allergic individuals. We confirmed a close correlation between Th1, Th2 and Tr1-like cell frequency in non-allergic volunteers, such that the three parameters increased together to maintain a low Th2: Th1 ratio. This relationship was dysregulated in grass-allergic individuals with no correlation between the T cell subsets and a higher Th2: Th1 ratio. We confirmed previous reports of a late-differentiated T cell phenotype in response to seasonal allergens compared to early-differentiated T cell responses to perennial allergens. Conclusions The findings confirm our existing work illustrating an important balance between Th1, Th2 and Tr1-like responses to allergens in health, where Th2 responses are frequently observed, but balanced by Th1 and regulatory responses. We confirm previous tetramer-based reports of phenotypic differences in T cells responding to seasonal and perennial allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael D Tarzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, division of clinical medicine, pathogen-host-interactions group, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
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CD4 T-helper cell cytokine phenotypes and antibody response following tetanus toxoid booster immunization. J Immunol Methods 2013; 390:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Smith KA, Gray NJ, Cheek E, Saleh F, Lavender J, Frew AJ, Kern F, Tarzi MD. Characterisation of CD154+ T cells following ex vivo birch allergen stimulation defines a close relationship between T cell subsets in healthy volunteers. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:14. [PMID: 23521868 PMCID: PMC3614533 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitisation has been ascribed to a dysregulated relationship between allergen-specific Th1, Th2 and regulatory T cells. We hypothesised that the relationship between these T cell subsets could be better defined using a short-term allergen stimulation system followed by direct analysis of CD154-positive T cells. Using peripheral blood samples from birch pollinosis patients and healthy non-atopic controls, we sought to explore the frequencies and phenotype of birch-stimulated CD154-positive T helper cells following ex vivo birch allergen stimulation. RESULTS Activated CD154-positive Th1, Th2 and Tr1-like cells, that co-expressed IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-10 respectively, were identified in both birch-allergic and non-allergic participants. We observed a close correlation between Th1, Th2 and Tr1-like cell frequency in non-allergic volunteers, such that the three parameters increased together to maintain a low Th2: Th1 ratio. The relationship between Th1, Th2 and Tr1-like responses was dysregulated in birch-allergic patients, with abrogation of the IL-10 response and a higher Th2: Th1 ratio. A close correlation was observed between Th2 cell frequency and the absolute concentration of birch-specific IgE within the birch-allergic group, and we confirmed previous reports of a more differentiated T cell phenotype in allergic subjects. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate an important balance between IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-10 T cell responses to birch allergen in health, where Th2 responses to allergens were frequently observed, but apparently balanced by Th1 and regulatory responses. The detection of CD154 positive T cells after short-term antigen stimulation may be a useful method for the detection of T cell responses to allergens when cost, speed and convenience are priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Smith
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Clinical Medicine, Pathogen-Host-Interactions Group, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
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