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Advances on Delivery of Cytotoxic Enzymes as Anticancer Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123836. [PMID: 35744957 PMCID: PMC9230553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths worldwide annually, and, therefore, it is one of the most investigated research disciplines. Developing efficient anticancer tools includes studying the effects of different natural enzymes of plant and microbial origin on tumor cells. The development of various smart delivery systems based on enzyme drugs has been conducted for more than two decades. Some of these delivery systems have been developed to the point that they have reached clinical stages, and a few have even found application in selected cancer treatments. Various biological, chemical, and physical approaches have been utilized to enhance their efficiencies by improving their delivery and targeting. In this paper, we review advanced delivery systems for enzyme drugs for use in cancer therapy. Their structure-based functions, mechanisms of action, fused forms with other peptides in terms of targeting and penetration, and other main results from in vivo and clinical studies of these advanced delivery systems are highlighted.
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Peipp M, Wesch D, Oberg HH, Lutz S, Muskulus A, van de Winkel JGJ, Parren PWHI, Burger R, Humpe A, Kabelitz D, Gramatzki M, Kellner C. CD20-Specific Immunoligands Engaging NKG2D Enhance γδ T Cell-Mediated Lysis of Lymphoma Cells. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:196-206. [PMID: 28708284 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human γδ T cells are innate-like T cells which are able to kill a broad range of tumour cells and thus may have potential for cancer immunotherapy. The activating receptor natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) plays a key role in regulating immune responses driven by γδ T cells. Here, we explored whether recombinant immunoligands consisting of a CD20 single-chain fragment variable (scFv) linked to a NKG2D ligand, either MHC class I chain-related protein A (MICA) or UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2), could be employed to engage γδ T cells for tumour cell killing. The two immunoligands, designated MICA:7D8 and ULBP2:7D8, respectively, enhanced cytotoxicity of ex vivo-expanded γδ T cells against CD20-positive lymphoma cells. Both Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T cells were triggered by MICA:7D8 or ULBP2:7D8. Killing of CD20-negative tumour cells was not induced by the immunoligands, indicating their antigen specificity. MICA:7D8 and ULBP2:7D8 acted in a dose-dependent manner and induced cytotoxicity at nanomolar concentrations. Importantly, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells isolated from patients were sensitized by the two immunoligands for γδ T cell cytotoxicity. In a combination approach, the immunoligands were combined with bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP), an agonist for Vδ2 γδ T cells, which further enhanced the efficacy in target cell killing. Thus, employing tumour-directed recombinant immunoligands which engage NKG2D may represent an attractive strategy to enhance antitumour cytotoxicity of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - D Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H-H Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Lutz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Muskulus
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J G J van de Winkel
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Genmab, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P W H I Parren
- Genmab, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Humpe
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - D Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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High throughput cytotoxicity screening of anti-HER2 immunotoxins conjugated with antibody fragments from phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31878. [PMID: 27550798 PMCID: PMC4994030 DOI: 10.1038/srep31878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins are an important class of antibody-based therapeutics. The potency of the immunotoxins depends on the antibody fragments as the guiding modules targeting designated molecules on cell surfaces. Phage-displayed synthetic antibody scFv libraries provide abundant antibody fragment candidates as targeting modules for the immunoconjugates, but the discovery of optimally functional immunoconjugates is limited by the scFv-payload conjugation procedure. In this work, cytotoxicity screening of non-covalently assembled immunotoxins was developed in high throughput format to discover highly functional synthetic antibody fragments for delivering toxin payloads. The principles governing the efficiency of the antibodies as targeting modules have been elucidated from large volume of cytotoxicity data: (a) epitope and paratope of the antibody-based targeting module are major determinants for the potency of the immunotoxins; (b) immunotoxins with bivalent antibody-based targeting modules are generally superior in cytotoxic potency to those with corresponding monovalent targeting module; and (c) the potency of the immunotoxins is positively correlated with the densities of the cell surface antigen. These findings suggest that screening against the target cells with a large pool of antibodies from synthetic antibody libraries without the limitations of natural antibody responses can lead to optimal potency and minimal off-target toxicity of the immunoconjugates.
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Catcott KC, McShea MA, Bialucha CU, Miller KL, Hicks SW, Saxena P, Gesner TG, Woldegiorgis M, Lewis ME, Bai C, Fleming MS, Ettenberg SA, Erickson HK, Yoder NC. Microscale screening of antibody libraries as maytansinoid antibody-drug conjugates. MAbs 2016; 8:513-23. [PMID: 26752675 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1134408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are of great interest as targeted cancer therapeutics. Preparation of ADCs for early stage screening is constrained by purification and biochemical analysis techniques that necessitate burdensome quantities of antibody. Here we describe a method, developed for the maytansinoid class of ADCs, enabling parallel conjugation of antibodies in 96-well format. The method utilizes ∼ 100 µg of antibody per well and requires <5 µg of ADC for characterization. We demonstrate the capabilities of this system using model antibodies. We also provide multiple examples applying this method to early-stage screening of maytansinoid ADCs. The method can greatly increase the throughput with which candidate ADCs can be screened in cell-based assays, and may be more generally applicable to high-throughput preparation and screening of different types of protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathy L Miller
- c Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Emeryville , CA
| | | | - Parmita Saxena
- b Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge , MA
| | - Thomas G Gesner
- b Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge , MA
| | | | | | - Chen Bai
- a ImmunoGen, Inc. , Waltham , MA
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Lohse S, Meyer S, Meulenbroek LAPM, Jansen JHM, Nederend M, Kretschmer A, Klausz K, Möginger U, Derer S, Rösner T, Kellner C, Schewe D, Sondermann P, Tiwari S, Kolarich D, Peipp M, Leusen JHW, Valerius T. An Anti-EGFR IgA That Displays Improved Pharmacokinetics and Myeloid Effector Cell Engagement In Vivo. Cancer Res 2015; 76:403-17. [PMID: 26634925 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies of IgA isotype effectively engage myeloid effector cells for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we describe preclinical studies with an Fc engineered IgA2m(1) antibody containing the variable regions of the EGFR antibody cetuximab. Compared with wild-type IgA2m(1), the engineered molecule lacked two N-glycosylation sites (N166 and N337), two free cysteines (C311 and C472), and contained a stabilized heavy and light chain linkage (P221R mutation). This novel molecule displayed improved production rates and biochemical properties compared with wild-type IgA. In vitro, Fab- and Fc-mediated effector functions, such as inhibition of ligand binding, receptor modulation, and engagement of myeloid effector cells for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, were similar between wild-type and engineered IgA2. The engineered antibody displayed lower levels of terminal galactosylation leading to reduced asialoglycoprotein-receptor binding and to improved pharmacokinetic properties. In a long-term in vivo model against EGFR-positive cancer cells, improved serum half-life translated into higher efficacy of the engineered molecule, which required myeloid cells expressing human FcαRI for its full efficacy. However, Fab-mediated effector functions contributed to the in vivo efficacy because the novel IgA antibody demonstrated therapeutic activity also in non-FcαRI transgenic mice. Together, these results demonstrate that engineering of an IgA antibody can significantly improve its pharmacokinetics and its therapeutic efficacy to inhibit tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lohse
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A P M Meulenbroek
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Kretschmer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Uwe Möginger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany. Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis Schewe
- Department of General Pediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2 Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Bioanalytical approaches for characterizing catabolism of antibody–drug conjugates. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1583-604. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo stability and catabolism of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) directly impact their PK, efficacy and safety, and metabolites of the cytotoxic or small molecule drug component of an ADC can further complicate these factors. This perspective highlights the importance of understanding ADC catabolism and the associated bioanalytical challenges. We evaluated different bioanalytical approaches to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize ADC catabolites. Here we review and discuss the rationale and experimental strategies used to design bioanalytical assays for characterization of ADC catabolism and supporting ADME studies during ADC clinical development. This review covers both large and small molecule approaches, and uses examples from Kadcyla® (T-DM1) and a THIOMAB™ antibody–drug conjugate to illustrate the process.
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Deonarain MP, Yahioglu G, Stamati I, Marklew J. Emerging formats for next-generation antibody drug conjugates. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:463-81. [PMID: 25797303 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1025049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibody drug conjugates now make up a significant fraction of biopharma's oncology pipeline due to great advances in the understanding of the three key components and how they should be optimised together. With this clinical success comes innovation to produce new enabling technologies that can deliver more effective antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with a larger therapeutic index. AREAS COVERED There are many reviews that discuss the various strategies for ADCs design but the last 5 years or so have witnessed the emergence of a number of different antibody formats compete with the standard whole immunoglobulin. Using published research, patent applications and conference disclosures, the authors review the many antibody and antibody-like formats, discussing innovations in protein engineering and how these new formats impact on the conjugation strategy and ultimately the performance. The alternative chemistries that are now available offer new linkages, stability profiles, drug:antibody ratio, pharmacokinetics and efficacy. The different sizes being considered promise to address issues, such as tumour penetration, circulatory half-life and side-effects. EXPERT OPINION ADCs are at the beginning of the next stage in their evolution and as these newer formats are developed and examined in the clinic, we will discover if the predicted features have a clinical benefit. From the commercial activity, it is envisaged that smaller or fragment-based ADCs will expand oncological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Deonarain
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2FX , UK
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Klausz K, Kellner C, Derer S, Valerius T, Staudinger M, Burger R, Gramatzki M, Peipp M. The novel multispecies Fc-specific Pseudomonas exotoxin A fusion protein α-Fc-ETA' enables screening of antibodies for immunotoxin development. J Immunol Methods 2015; 418:75-83. [PMID: 25701195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunoconjugates that deliver cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells represent a promising class of therapeutic agents which are intensively investigated in various clinical applications. Prerequisites for the generation of effective immunoconjugates are antibodies which efficiently deliver the respective cytotoxic payload. To facilitate the selection of human or mouse antibodies that display favorable characteristics as immunotoxins, we developed a novel Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA)-based screening protein. The α-Fc-ETA' consists of a multispecies-specific Fc-binding domain antibody genetically fused to a truncated ETA version (ETA'). α-Fc-ETA' non-covalently bound to human and mouse antibodies but did not form immune complexes with bovine immunoglobulins. In combination with antibodies harboring human or mouse Fc domains α-Fc-ETA' inhibited proliferation of antigen-expressing tumor cells. The cytotoxic effects were strictly antibody dependent and were observed with low α-Fc-ETA' concentrations. Mouse antibodies directed against CD7 and CD317/HM1.24 that previously had been used for the generation of functional recombinant immunotoxins, also showed activity in combination with α-Fc-ETA' by inhibiting growth of antigen-positive myeloma and leukemia cell lines. In contrast, α-kappa-ETA', a similarly designed human kappa light chain-specific fusion protein, was only specifically active in combination with antibodies containing a human kappa light chain. Thus, the novel α-Fc-ETA' fusion protein is broadly applicable in screening antibodies and Fc-containing antibody derivatives from different species to select for candidates with favorable characteristics for immunotoxin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Staudinger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Renate Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Selecting an Optimal Antibody for Antibody- Drug Conjugate Therapy. ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13081-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Staudinger M, Glorius P, Burger R, Kellner C, Klausz K, Günther A, Repp R, Klapper W, Gramatzki M, Peipp M. The novel immunotoxin HM1.24-ETA' induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e219. [PMID: 24927408 PMCID: PMC4080209 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite new treatment modalities, the clinical outcome in a substantial number of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has yet to be improved. Antibody-based targeted therapies for myeloma patients could make use of the HM1.24 antigen (CD317), a surface molecule overexpressed on malignant plasma cells and efficiently internalized. Here, a novel immunotoxin, HM1.24-ETA', is described. HM1.24-ETA' was generated by genetic fusion of a CD317-specific single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody and a truncated variant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA'). HM1.24-ETA' inhibited growth of interleukin 6 (IL-6)-dependent and -independent myeloma cell lines. Half-maximal growth inhibition was observed at concentrations as low as 0.3 nM. Target cell killing occurred via induction of apoptosis and was unaffected in co-culture experiments with bone marrow stromal cells. HM1.24-ETA' efficiently triggered apoptosis of freshly isolated/cryopreserved cells of patients with plasma cell leukemia and MM and was active in a preclinical severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse xenograft model. Importantly, HM1.24-ETA' was not cytotoxic against CD317-positive cells from healthy tissue (monocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells). These results indicate that CD317 may represent a promising target structure for specific and efficient immunotoxin therapy for patients with plasma cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Staudinger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - P Glorius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - K Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Günther
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Repp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - W Klapper
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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de Goeij BECG, Peipp M, de Haij S, van den Brink EN, Kellner C, Riedl T, de Jong R, Vink T, Strumane K, Bleeker WK, Parren PWHI. HER2 monoclonal antibodies that do not interfere with receptor heterodimerization-mediated signaling induce effective internalization and represent valuable components for rational antibody-drug conjugate design. MAbs 2014; 6:392-402. [PMID: 24492309 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 provides an excellent target for selective delivery of cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells by antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) as has been clinically validated by ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla(TM)). While selecting a suitable antibody for an ADC approach often takes specificity and efficient antibody-target complex internalization into account, the characteristics of the optimal antibody candidate remain poorly understood. We studied a large panel of human HER2 antibodies to identify the characteristics that make them most suitable for an ADC approach. As a model toxin, amenable to in vitro high-throughput screening, we employed Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA') fused to an anti-kappa light chain domain antibody. Cytotoxicity induced by HER2 antibodies, which were thus non-covalently linked to ETA', was assessed for high and low HER2 expressing tumor cell lines and correlated with internalization and downmodulation of HER2 antibody-target complexes. Our results demonstrate that HER2 antibodies that do not inhibit heterodimerization of HER2 with related ErbB receptors internalize more efficiently and show greater ETA'-mediated cytotoxicity than antibodies that do inhibit such heterodimerization. Moreover, stimulation with ErbB ligand significantly enhanced ADC-mediated tumor kill by antibodies that do not inhibit HER2 heterodimerization. This suggests that the formation of HER2/ErbB-heterodimers enhances ADC internalization and subsequent killing of tumor cells. Our study indicates that selecting HER2 ADCs that allow piggybacking of HER2 onto other ErbB receptors provides an attractive strategy for increasing ADC delivery and tumor cell killing capacity to both high and low HER2 expressing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Tom Vink
- Genmab; Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Chen L, Liu YH, Li YH, Jiang Y, Xie PL, Zhou GH, Li GC. Anti-hepatoma human single-chain Fv antibody and adriamycin conjugates with potent antitumor activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 18:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pascual MH, Verdier P, Malette P, Mnich J, Ozoux ML. Validation of an immunoassay to selectively quantify the naked antibody of a new Antibody Drug Conjugate – SAR566658 – for pharmacokinetic interpretation improvement. J Immunol Methods 2013; 396:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Trad A, Hansen HP, Shomali M, Peipp M, Klausz K, Hedemann N, Yamamoto K, Mauermann A, Desel C, Lorenzen I, Lemke H, Rose-John S, Grötzinger J. ADAM17-overexpressing breast cancer cells selectively targeted by antibody-toxin conjugates. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:411-21. [PMID: 22940887 PMCID: PMC11028912 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is significantly upregulated not only in malignant cells but also in the pro-inflammatory microenvironment of breast cancer. There, ADAM17 is critically involved in the processing of tumor-promoting proteins. Therefore, ADAM17 appears to be an attractive therapeutic target to address not only tumor cells but also the tumor-promoting environment. In a previous study, we generated a monoclonal anti-ADAM17 antibody (A300E). Although showing no complement-dependent cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, the antibody was rapidly internalized by ADAM17-expressing cells and was able to transport a conjugated toxin into target cells. As a result, doxorubicin-coupled A300E or Pseudomonas exotoxin A-loaded A300E was able to kill ADAM17-expressing cells. This effect was strictly dependent on the presence of ADAM17 on the surface of target cells. As a proof of principle, both immunotoxins killed MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in an ADAM17-dependent manner. These data suggest that the use of anti-ADAM17 monoclonal antibodies as a carrier might be a promising new strategy for selective anti-cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Trad
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hinrich P. Hansen
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Clinic of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohammad Shomali
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Hedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kosuke Yamamoto
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - André Mauermann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Desel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inken Lorenzen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hilmar Lemke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Miethe S, Meyer T, Wöhl-Bruhn S, Frenzel A, Schirrmann T, Dübel S, Hust M. Production of single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies in Escherichia coli using the LEX™ bioreactor. J Biotechnol 2012; 163:105-11. [PMID: 22902410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For proteome research, antibodies against a growing number of antigens must be generated and characterized. The high throughput generation of antibody fragments, using in vitro selection, requires bacterial expression of antibody fragments. This created a need to establish an expression method to improve the parallel production of many antibody fragments. In this study, we describe the development of a high throughput bacterial production method for single chain fragment variables (scFvs) using shaking flasks or the LEX™ bioreactor. We compared the influence of a set of production parameters on Escherichia coli production of four different scFv. The results led to an optimized protocol for the parallel production of multiple antibody fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Miethe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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