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Dixit S, Baganizi DR, Sahu R, Dosunmu E, Chaudhari A, Vig K, Pillai SR, Singh SR, Dennis VA. Immunological challenges associated with artificial skin grafts: available solutions and stem cells in future design of synthetic skin. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:49. [PMID: 29255480 PMCID: PMC5729423 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair or replacement of damaged skins is still an important, challenging public health problem. Immune acceptance and long-term survival of skin grafts represent the major problem to overcome in grafting given that in most situations autografts cannot be used. The emergence of artificial skin substitutes provides alternative treatment with the capacity to reduce the dependency on the increasing demand of cadaver skin grafts. Over the years, considerable research efforts have focused on strategies for skin repair or permanent skin graft transplantations. Available skin substitutes include pre- or post-transplantation treatments of donor cells, stem cell-based therapies, and skin equivalents composed of bio-engineered acellular or cellular skin substitutes. However, skin substitutes are still prone to immunological rejection, and as such, there is currently no skin substitute available to overcome this phenomenon. This review focuses on the mechanisms of skin rejection and tolerance induction and outlines in detail current available strategies and alternatives that may allow achieving full-thickness skin replacement and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dixit
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA.,Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Durham, 27709 NC USA
| | - Dieudonné R Baganizi
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Ejowke Dosunmu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Atul Chaudhari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Komal Vig
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
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Schubert B, Brachvogel HP, Jürges C, Kohlbacher O. EpiToolKit--a web-based workbench for vaccine design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 31:2211-3. [PMID: 25712691 PMCID: PMC4481845 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED EpiToolKit is a virtual workbench for immunological questions with a focus on vaccine design. It offers an array of immunoinformatics tools covering MHC genotyping, epitope and neo-epitope prediction, epitope selection for vaccine design, and epitope assembly. In its recently re-implemented version 2.0, EpiToolKit provides a range of new functionality and for the first time allows combining tools into complex workflows. For inexperienced users it offers simplified interfaces to guide the users through the analysis of complex immunological data sets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://www.epitoolkit.de CONTACT schubert@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schubert
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Philipp Brachvogel
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Jürges
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Quantitative Biology Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Zilberberg J, Feinman R, Korngold R. Strategies for the identification of T cell-recognized tumor antigens in hematological malignancies for improved graft-versus-tumor responses after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 21:1000-7. [PMID: 25459643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is an effective immunotherapeutic treatment that can provide partial or complete remission for patients with hematological malignancies. Mature donor T cells in the donor inoculum play a central role in mediating graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses by destroying residual tumor cells that persist after conditioning regimens. Alloreactivity towards minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA), which are varied tissue-related self-peptides presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on recipient cells, some of which may be shared on tumor cells, is a dominant factor for the development of GVT. Potentially, GVT can also be directed to tumor-associated antigens or tumor-specific antigens that are more specific to the tumor cells themselves. The full exploitation of allo-BMT, however, is greatly limited by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is mediated by the donor T cell response against the miHA expressed in the recipient's cells of the intestine, skin, and liver. Because of the significance of GVT and GVHD responses in determining the clinical outcome of patients, miHA and tumor antigens have been intensively studied, and one active immunotherapeutic approach to separate these two responses has been cancer vaccination after allo-BMT. The combination of these two strategies has an advantage over vaccination of the patient without allo-BMT because his or her immune system has already been exposed and rendered unresponsive to the tumor antigens. The conditioning for allo-BMT eliminates the patient's existing immune system, including regulatory elements, and provides a more permissive environment for the newly developing donor immune compartment to selectively target the malignant cells. Utilizing recent technological advances, the identities of many human miHA and tumor antigenic peptides have been defined and are currently being evaluated in clinical and basic immunological studies for their ability to produce effective T cell responses. The first step towards this goal is the identification of targetable tumor antigens. In this review, we will highlight some of the technologies currently used to identify tumor antigens and anti-tumor T cell clones in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zilberberg
- Research Department and John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey.
| | - Rena Feinman
- Research Department and John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Robert Korngold
- Research Department and John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
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Jameson-Lee M, Koparde V, Griffith P, Scalora AF, Sampson JK, Khalid H, Sheth NU, Batalo M, Serrano MG, Roberts CH, Hess ML, Buck GA, Neale MC, Manjili MH, Toor AA. In silico Derivation of HLA-Specific Alloreactivity Potential from Whole Exome Sequencing of Stem-Cell Transplant Donors and Recipients: Understanding the Quantitative Immunobiology of Allogeneic Transplantation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:529. [PMID: 25414699 PMCID: PMC4222229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor T-cell mediated graft versus host (GVH) effects may result from the aggregate alloreactivity to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) presented by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules in each donor–recipient pair undergoing stem-cell transplantation (SCT). Whole exome sequencing has previously demonstrated a large number of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in HLA-matched recipients of SCT donors (GVH direction). The nucleotide sequence flanking each of these SNPs was obtained and the amino acid sequence determined. All the possible nonameric peptides incorporating the variant amino acid resulting from these SNPs were interrogated in silico for their likelihood to be presented by the HLA class I molecules using the Immune Epitope Database stabilized matrix method (SMM) and NetMHCpan algorithms. The SMM algorithm predicted that a median of 18,396 peptides weakly bound HLA class I molecules in individual SCT recipients, and 2,254 peptides displayed strong binding. A similar library of presented peptides was identified when the data were interrogated using the NetMHCpan algorithm. The bioinformatic algorithm presented here demonstrates that there may be a high level of mHA variation in HLA-matched individuals, constituting a HLA-specific alloreactivity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Jameson-Lee
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Vishal Koparde
- The Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Phil Griffith
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Allison F Scalora
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Juliana K Sampson
- The Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Haniya Khalid
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Nihar U Sheth
- The Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Michael Batalo
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Myrna G Serrano
- The Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Catherine H Roberts
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Michael L Hess
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Gregory A Buck
- The Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Department of Psychiatry and Statistical Genomics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Amir Ahmed Toor
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
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