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Zhao L, Yang Z, Zheng M, Shi L, Gu M, Liu G, Miao F, Chang Y, Huang F, Tang N. Recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 vector in gene therapy: Opportunities and challenges. Genes Dis 2024; 11:283-293. [PMID: 37588223 PMCID: PMC10425794 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the field of gene therapy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most promising gene therapy vectors and a powerful tool for delivering the gene of interest. Among the AAV vectors, AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) has attracted much attention for its efficient and stable gene transfection into specific tissues. Currently, recombinant AAV8 has been widely used in gene therapy research on a variety of diseases, including genetic diseases, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and viral diseases. This paper reviewed the applications and challenges of using AAV8 as a vector for gene therapy, with the aim of providing a valuable resource for those pursuing the application of viral vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhao
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, China
- InnoStar Bio-tech Nantong Co., Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minhui Zheng
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengyun Gu
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Liu
- InnoStar Bio-tech Nantong Co., Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, China
| | - Feng Miao
- InnoStar Bio-tech Nantong Co., Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fanghua Huang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Naping Tang
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, China
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ail D, Dalkara D. Preexisting Neutralizing Antibodies against Different Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes in Humans and Large Animal Models for Gene Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:117-123. [PMID: 37440023 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a potential cure for several inherited retinal dystrophies, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a vector of choice for therapeutic gene delivery to the retina. However, prior exposure to AAVs can cause a humoral immune response resulting in the presence of antibodies in the serum, which can subsequently interfere with the AAV-mediated gene therapy. The antibodies bind specifically to a serotype but often display broad cross-reactivity. A subset of these antibodies called neutralizing antibodies (NABs) can render the AAV inactive, thereby reducing the efficacy of the therapy. The preexisting NAB levels against different serotypes vary by species, and these variations need to be considered while designing studies. Since large animals often serve as preclinical models to test gene therapies, in this review we compile studies reporting preexisting NABs against commonly used AAV serotypes in humans and large animal models and discuss strategies to deal with NABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ail
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Wang D, Zhong L, Li M, Li J, Tran K, Ren L, He R, Xie J, Moser RP, Fraser C, Kuchel T, Sena-Esteves M, Flotte TR, Aronin N, Gao G. Adeno-Associated Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Large Animals and Their Impact on Brain Intraparenchymal Gene Transfer. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 11:65-72. [PMID: 30397628 PMCID: PMC6205343 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing neutralizing antibody (NAb) against adeno-associated virus (AAV) commonly found in primates is a major host barrier that can severely compromise in vivo gene transfer by AAV vectors. To achieve proof-of-concept success in clinical development of recombinant AAV (rAAV)-based in vivo gene therapy, it is crucial to consider the potential interference of NAb and to enroll serologically compatible study subjects. In this study, we report a large AAV NAb dataset comprising multiple large animal species and AAV serotypes and compare two NAb assays based on in vitro or in vivo transduction inhibition, respectively. Together with previously published AAV seroepidemiology studies, these data can serve as a reference for selecting suitable serotypes, study subjects of large animal species, and potentially human patients for rAAV treatment. In addition, we modeled the intrathalamus rAAV9 delivery in the presence of circulating anti-AAV9 NAb generated by either pre-immunization or passive transfer of NAb-positive large animal serum to mice. The data showed that circulating NAb may not be the sole determinant to inhibit brain transduction. Other aspects of pre-existing AAV immunity following natural infection or rAAV administration may be further studied to establish a more accurate inclusion criterion for clinical studies employing intraparenchymal rAAV9 injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Li Zhong
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mengxin Li
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karen Tran
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lingzhi Ren
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ran He
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Richard P. Moser
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Cara Fraser
- Preclinical, Imaging, and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Gilles Plains, SA 5086, Australia
| | - Tim Kuchel
- Preclinical, Imaging, and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Gilles Plains, SA 5086, Australia
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Terence R. Flotte
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Neil Aronin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Antigen-selective modulation of AAV immunogenicity with tolerogenic rapamycin nanoparticles enables successful vector re-administration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4098. [PMID: 30291246 PMCID: PMC6173722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is a promising treatment for systemic monogenic diseases. However, vector immunogenicity represents a major limitation to gene transfer with AAV vectors, particularly for vector re-administration. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic vaccine particles encapsulating rapamycin (SVP[Rapa]), co-administered with AAV vectors, prevents the induction of anti-capsid humoral and cell-mediated responses. This allows successful vector re-administration in mice and nonhuman primates. SVP[Rapa] dosed with AAV vectors reduces B and T cell activation in an antigen-selective manner, inhibits CD8+ T cell infiltration in the liver, and efficiently blocks memory T cell responses. SVP[Rapa] immunomodulatory effects can be transferred from treated to naive mice by adoptive transfer of splenocytes, and is inhibited by depletion of CD25+ T cells, suggesting a role for regulatory T cells. Co-administration of SVP[Rapa] with AAV vector represents a powerful strategy to modulate vector immunogenicity and enable effective vector re-administration.
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Strategy to detect pre-existing immunity to AAV gene therapy. Gene Ther 2017; 24:768-778. [PMID: 29106404 PMCID: PMC5746592 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy may offer a new treatment option, particularly for patients with severe hemophilia, based on recent research. However, individuals with pre-existing immunity to adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) may be less likely to benefit from AAV vector-based therapies. To study pre-existing AAV5 immunity in humans, we validated two complementary, sensitive, and scalable in vitro assays to detect AAV5 total antibodies and transduction inhibition (TI). Using these two assays, we found that 53% of samples from 100 healthy male individuals were negative in both assays, 18% were positive in both assays, 5% were positive for total antibodies but negative for TI and, of interest, 24% were negative for total antibodies but positive for TI activity, suggesting the presence of non-antibody-based neutralizing factors in human plasma. Similar findings were obtained with 24 samples from individuals with hemophilia A. On the basis of these results, we describe the development of a dual-assay strategy to identify individuals without total AAV5 antibodies or neutralizing factors who may be more likely to respond to AAV5-directed gene therapy. These assays offer a universal, transferrable platform across laboratories to assess the global prevalence of AAV5 antibodies and neutralizing factors in large patient populations to help inform clinical development strategies.
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Meliani A, Leborgne C, Triffault S, Jeanson-Leh L, Veron P, Mingozzi F. Determination of anti-adeno-associated virus vector neutralizing antibody titer with an in vitro reporter system. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2016; 26:45-53. [PMID: 25819687 PMCID: PMC4403012 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are a platform of choice for in vivo gene transfer applications. However, neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to AAV can be found in humans and some animal species as a result of exposure to the wild-type virus, and high-titer NAb develop following AAV vector administration. In some conditions, anti-AAV NAb can block transduction with AAV vectors even when present at low titers, thus requiring prescreening before vector administration. Here we describe an improved in vitro, cell-based assay for the determination of NAb titer in serum or plasma samples. The assay is easy to setup and sensitive and, depending on the purpose, can be validated to support clinical development of gene therapy products based on AAV vectors.
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