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Burkin MA, Tevyashova AN, Bychkova EN, Melekhin AO, Galvidis IA. Immunotechniques for the Group Determination of Macrolide Antibiotics Traces in the Environment Using a Volume-Mediated Sensitivity Enhancement Strategy. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:921. [PMID: 37887114 PMCID: PMC10605010 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics, which are effective antimicrobial agents, are intensively used in human and veterinary medicine, as well as in agriculture. Consequently, they are found all over the world as environmental pollutants, causing harm to sensitive ecological communities and provoking a selection of resistant forms. A novel azithromycin derivative, which was used as hapten conjugate, ensured the group immunorecognition of six major macrolide representatives (105-41%), namely erythromycin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, and dirithromycin in a competitive immunoassay based on anti-clarithromycin antibodies. The heterologous hapten-based ELISA format resulted in a 5-fold increase in sensitivity, with an IC50 value of 0.04 ng/mL for erythromycin. In this study, we proposed an underexploited strategy in an immunoassay field to significantly improve the detectability of analytes in environmental samples. Unlike most approaches, it does not require special enhancers/amplifiers or additional concentration/extraction procedures; instead, it involves analyzing a larger volume of test samples. A gradual volume increase in the samples (from 0.025 to 10 mL) analyzed using a direct competitive ELISA, immunobeads, and immunofiltration assay formats based on the same reagents resulted in a significant improvement (more than 50-fold) in assay sensitivity and detection limit up to 5 and 1 pg/mL, respectively. The suitability of the test for detecting the macrolide contamination of natural water was confirmed by the recovery of macrolides from spiked blank samples (71.7-141.3%). During 2022-2023, a series of natural water samples from Lake Onega and its influents near Petrozavodsk were analyzed, using both the developed immunoassay and HPLC-MS/MS. The results revealed no contamination of macrolide antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A. Burkin
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna N. Tevyashova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 199021 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.T.); (E.N.B.)
- School of Science, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Elena N. Bychkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 199021 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.T.); (E.N.B.)
| | - Artem O. Melekhin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Federal Centre for Animal Health, 111622 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna A. Galvidis
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia;
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Di Nardo F, Anfossi L, Baggiani C. MIP-based immunoassays: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1277:341547. [PMID: 37604627 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers, MIPs, are man-made receptors mimicking the thermodynamic and kinetic binding behaviour of natural antibodies. Therefore, it is not surprising that many researchers have thought about MIPs as artificial receptors in immunoassay-like analytical applications, where the general machinery of the assay is maintained, but the molecular recognition is no longer assured by an antibody but by an artificial receptor. However, the number of papers devoted explicitly to applications of MIPs in the immunoassay field is quite limited if compared to the huge number of papers covering the multifaceted molecular imprinting technology. For this reason, this critical review wants to give a general view of MIP-based immunoassays, trying to highlight the critical points that have so far prevented a wider application of molecular imprinting technology in the immunoassay field and, possibly, try to suggest strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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Development and application of amphotericin B immunoassay for pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 218:114875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Immunoassay for Natamycin Trace Screening: Bread, Wine and Other Edibles Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070493. [PMID: 35884296 PMCID: PMC9312873 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal drug natamycin (NAT) is widely used in medicine and in the food industry as preservative E235 for a wide variety of foods. The risk of the development of resistance to NAT and its spread in relation to other polyene antibiotics is fraught with the emergence of incurable infections. This work is devoted to the development of an immunoassay to investigate the prevalence of NAT use for food preservation. Two immunogen designs based on tetanus toxoid, conjugated to NAT through different sites of hapten molecules, were compared in antibody generation. Assay formats using heterologous coating antigens were superior for both antibodies. The ELISA variant demonstrated the highest sensitivity (IC50 = 0.12 ng/mL), and a limit of detection of 0.02 ng/mL was selected for NAT determination. The optimized extraction procedure provided a recovery rate of 72–106% for various food matrixes with variations below 12%. Cyclodextrins, as well as NAT–cyclodextrin complex formulations, showed no interference with the quantification of NAT. One hundred and six food product brands, including baked goods, wines, beers, drinks, sauces, and yogurts, were tested to assess the prevalence of the undeclared use of NAT as a preservative. The screening examination revealed three positive yogurts with an undeclared NAT incorporation of 1.1–9.3 mg/kg.
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Burkin MA, Galvidis IA. Simultaneous immunodetection of ionophore antibiotics, salinomycin and narasin, in poultry products and milk. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1550-1558. [PMID: 33861252 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were generated against the ionophore antibiotic salinomycin (SAL) as a determinant of the BSA-SAL conjugate. The homologous ELISA format was found to be preferred for similar recognition of SAL and narasin (NAR) with IC50 values of 0.55 and 0.57 ng mL-1, respectively. Both analytes could be determined in the range of 0.1-2.7 ng mL-1 (IC20-IC80) with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL-1. To analyze matrices, individual pretreatment of samples was required. For chicken muscles, simple buffer extraction was sufficient to recover 87-110% of ionophores. Extraction with acetonitrile followed by evaporation of the solvent was best for recovering 67-108% SAL and NAR from egg homogenate. A feature of the extraction of ionophores from milk was the elimination of fat-mediated interference by organic solvation. It was found that the absence of Na+ and K+ ions during reconstitution of sample extracts was a key factor contributing to the increase in the average recovery of ionophores from 32% to 93%. Thanks to this special pretreatment and improved recovery, the developed immunoassay method was suitable for the analysis of ionophore antibiotics SAL and NAR in a milk matrix, which has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A Burkin
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia.
| | - Inna A Galvidis
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia.
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Yan L, Nan X, Zhang C, Wang H, Huang X, Hu J, Liu Y. Development of an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay for camptothecin. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:959-966. [PMID: 31173229 PMCID: PMC6625201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of camptothecin and its analogues has increased in clinical settings and in agriculture. Therefore, camptothecins and their derivatives, metabolites and degradation products are frequently found in the environment. Therefore, it is important to develop an ELISA for the quantification of camptothecins in human plasma, plants, animal tissues and other matrices. The present study developed a novel competitive indirect ELISA for camptothecin using a monoclonal antibody (MAb). In total, two haptens and various carrier proteins were tested to select the most suitable immunogen for the production of MAbs against camptothecin. Hapten 1 conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin was selected for the preparation of MAb 5A3, and was used to establish a competitive indirect ELISA for camptothecin. A total of three derivatives of camptothecin used in clinical practice were examined. Topotecan showed an IC50 value of 0.68 µg/ml with a detection limit of 0.19 µg/ml, belotecan showed an IC50 value of 0.87 µg/ml with a detection limit of 0.22 µg/ml and irinotecan showed an IC50 value of 2.85 µg/ml with a detection limit of 0.47 µg/ml. The cross-reactivity results suggested that the assay developed in the present study possessed a high sensitivity to camptothecin. Therefore, this immunoassay technique may be suitable for monitoring the levels of camptothecin in compound analysis, clinical applications, and analyses of food and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Yan
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety Inspection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, P.R. China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Integrated Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yingqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Burkin MA, Galvidis IA, Eremin SA. Specific and Generic Immunorecognition of Glycopeptide Antibiotics Promoted by Unique and Multiple Orientations of Hapten. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E52. [PMID: 30987327 PMCID: PMC6627899 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation chemistry does not always provide adequate spatial orientation of hapten in immunogens for the best presentation of generic or individual epitopes. In the present study, the influence of unique and multiple orientations of immunizing hapten on the immune response repertoire was compared to select generic recognition system. The glycopeptides, teicoplanin (TPL) and ristomycin (RSM), were conjugated to BSA to produce immunogens with unique and multiple orientations of haptens. Polyclonal antibodies generated against TPL conjugated through a single site were of uniform specificity and demonstrated selective TPL recognition, regardless of the coating conjugates design. The sensitivity (IC50) of 4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for TPL varied little within the 3.5-7.4 ng/mL, with a dynamic range of 0.2-100 ng/mL. RSM was coupled to BSA through several glycoside sites that evoked a wider repertoire of response. This first described anti-RSM antibody was selective for RSM in homologous hapten-coated ELISAs with IC50 values in the range 4.2-35 ng/mL. Among the heterologous antigens, periodate-oxidized TPL conjugated to gelatine was selected as the best binder of generic anti-RSM fraction. The developed ELISA showed group recognition of glycopeptides RSM, TPL, eremomycin, and vancomycin with cross-reactivity of 37-100% and a 10-10,000 ng/mL dynamic range. Thus, multiple presentations of immunizing hapten help expand the repertoire of immune responses and opportunities for the selection of the required fine-specificity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A Burkin
- Immunology Department, I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Inna A Galvidis
- Immunology Department, I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergei A Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov MSU, Leninsky Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Wang Z, Beier RC, Shen J. Immunoassays for the detection of macrocyclic lactones in food matrices – A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Liu A, Ye Y, Chen W, Wang X, Chen F. Expression of V(H)-linker-V(L) orientation-dependent single-chain Fv antibody fragment derived from hybridoma 2E6 against aflatoxin B1 in Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:255-62. [PMID: 25540048 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic secondary metabolic product, which threatens human and animal health. Antibody is a key factor for immunoassay against toxic stuff like AFB1, and single-chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) has become a popular format of genetically engineered antibody. In this study, four hybridoma cell lines against AFB1 were obtained, and then scFvs 2E6 derived from hybridoma cell line 2E6 were constructed in different V(H)/V(L) orientations. Subsequently, scFvs 2E6 were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) mainly in the form of inclusion body. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA were employed to characterize scFvs 2E6. The results revealed that the yield of inclusion body of scFvs 2E6 in either V(H)/V(L) orientation was similar; however, only the scFv in V(H)-linker-V(L) orientation showed anti-AFB1 bioactivity after refolding. The present study underscores the importance of choosing optimal V(H)/V(L) orientation for scFv construction, and scFv may be favorable for immunoassays in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China,
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Burkin M, Galvidis I. Immunochemical detection of apramycin as a contaminant in tissues of edible animals. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jiang W, Zhang H, Li X, Liu X, Zhang S, Shi W, Shen J, Wang Z. Monoclonal antibody production and the development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening spiramycin in milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10925-10931. [PMID: 24147865 DOI: 10.1021/jf404027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To monitor spiramycin (SP) residue in milk, a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was developed. This study described the preparation of three immunogens and the production of a high-affinity mAb. After optimization, the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) for the developed icELISA was estimated as 0.97 ng/mL in the assay buffer, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 2.51 and 4.40 μg/L in the milk matrix. The newly developed assay demonstrated negligible cross-reactivity with 15 other macrolide antibiotics, but not with kitasamycin (23.4%). The mean recoveries ranged from 81 to 103% for the spiked samples (5, 10, and 50 μg/L), and the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.4 to 9.6%. The icELISA was validated by LC-MS/MS method, and all results demonstrated that it was a suitable screening method for detecting SP residue in milk without requiring a cleanup process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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