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Wang Y, Wang F, Xu S, Wang R, Chen W, Hou K, Tian C, Wang F, Zhao P, Xia Q. Optimization of a 2A self-cleaving peptide-based multigene expression system for efficient expression of upstream and downstream genes in silkworm. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:849-859. [PMID: 30895377 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The multigene expression system is highly attractive to co-express multiple genes or multi-subunit complex-based genes for their functional studies, and in gene therapy and visual tracking of expressed proteins. However, the current multiple gene co-expression strategies usually suffer from severe inefficiency and unbalanced expression of multiple genes. Here, we report on an improved 2A self-cleaving peptide (2A)-based multigene expression system (2A-MGES), by introducing an optimized Kozak region (Ck) and altering the gene arrangement, both of which contributed to the efficient expression of two fluorescent protein genes in silkworm. By co-expressing DsRed and EGFP genes in insect cells and silkworms, the potent Ck was first found to improve the translation efficiency of downstream genes, and the expression of the flanking genes of 2A were improved by altering the gene arrangement in 2A-MGES. Moreover, we showed that combining Ck and an optimized gene arrangement in 2A-MGES could synergistically improve the expression of genes in the cell. Further, these two flanking genes, regulated by modified 2A-MGES, were further co-expressed in the middle silk gland and secreted into the cocoon, and both achieved efficient expression in the transgenic silkworms and their cocoons. These results suggested that the modified Ck-2A-MGES will be a potent tool for multiple gene expression, for studies of their functions, and their applications in insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Riyuan Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hou
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Tian
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Yang X, Zeng Q, Wang M, Cheng A, Pan K, Zhu D, Liu M, Jia R, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen S, Zhao X, Zhang S, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhang L. DHAV-1 2A1 Peptide - A Newly Discovered Co-expression Tool That Mediates the Ribosomal "Skipping" Function. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2727. [PMID: 30498481 PMCID: PMC6249498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) belongs to the genus Avihepatovirus in the family Picornaviridae. Little research has been carried out on the non-structural proteins of this virus. This study reports that 2A1 protein, the first non-structural protein on the DHAV-1 genome, has a ribosomal “skipping” function mediated by a “-GxExNPGP-” motif. In addition, we prove that when the sequence is extended 10aa to VP1 from the N-terminal of 2A1, the ribosome “skips” completely. However, as the N-terminus of 2A is shortened, the efficiency of ribosomal “skipping” reduces. When 2A1 is shortened to 10aa, it does not function. In addition, we demonstrate that N18, P19 G20, and P21 have vital roles in this function. We find that the expression of upstream and downstream proteins linked by 2A1 is different, and the expression of the upstream protein is much greater than that of the downstream protein. In addition, we demonstrate that it is the nature of 2A1 that is responsible for the expression imbalance. We also shows that the protein “cleavage” is not due to RNA “cleavage” or RNA transcription abnormalities, and the expressed protein level is independent of RNA transcriptional level. This study provides a systematic analysis of the activity of the DHAV-1 2A1 sequence and, therefore, adds to the “tool-box” that can be deployed for the co-expression applications. It provides a reference for how to apply 2A1 as a co-expression tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiurui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Jung SH, Hwang JH, Kim SE, Young Kyu K, Park HC, Lee HT. The potentiating effect of hTFPI in the presence of hCD47 reduces the cytotoxicity of human macrophages. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28393401 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pig-to-human xenotransplantation, hyperacute rejection of pig organs could be overcome by the production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs. However, macrophage-mediated acute rejection is another obstacle that needs to be overcome. Among the various candidate genes involved in acute rejection, CD47 inhibits monocyte/macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by identifying the CD47 signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP-α) as self/non-self. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is involved in the regulation of the coagulation pathway and is able to bind to another ligand of CD47, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). When TSP-1 binds to CD47, phagocytosis in macrophages is increased. METHODS The 2A peptide system was used to establish pig kidney cells (PK15) simultaneously expressing human CD47 and human TFPI, and they were cultured with activated THP-1 cells. After staining with 7-aminoactinomycin D, flow cytometry analysis was carried out. TFPI siRNA analysis and recombinant human TFPI (rhTFPI) treatment were performed to determine the potentiating effect of TFPI on pig cells for activated THP-1 cells in the presence of CD47. Related inflammatory cytokines produced by activated THP-1 cells were analyzed using qPCR and Western blot technique. In addition, the tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells was analyzed using immunoprecipitation and Western blot. RESULTS hCD47/hTFPI-PK15 cells survived better than hCD47-PK15, hTFPI-PK15, or normal PK15 cells on cytotoxicity tests using activated THP-1 cells. TSP-1, derived from these activated THP-1 cells, served as a mediator for this enhancing effect, and it also played a role in activated adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells was further increased in the case of co-expression of CD47/TFPI than in individual non-expression or expression of CD47 or TFPI alone. CONCLUSIONS When hCD47 was expressed, the expression of hTFPI leaded to tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells via hTSP-1 inhibition, and consequently, it might improve the effect of hCD47-SIRP-a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kim Young Kyu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Chang Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Principe M, Ceruti P, Shih NY, Chattaragada MS, Rolla S, Conti L, Bestagno M, Zentilin L, Yang SH, Migliorini P, Cappello P, Burrone O, Novelli F. Targeting of surface alpha-enolase inhibits the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11098-113. [PMID: 25860938 PMCID: PMC4484442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid progression, invasiveness and resistance to treatment. We have previously demonstrated that most PDAC patients have circulating antibodies against the glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1), which correlates with a better response to therapy and survival. ENO1 is a metabolic enzyme, also expressed on the cell surface where it acts as a plasminogen receptor. ENO1 play a crucial role in cell invasion and metastasis by promoting plasminogen activation into plasmin, a serine-protease involved in extracellular matrix degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ENO1 in PDAC cell invasion. We observed that ENO1 was expressed on the cell surface of most PDAC cell lines. Mouse anti-human ENO1 monoclonal antibodies inhibited plasminogen-dependent invasion of human PDAC cells, and their metastatic spreading in immunosuppressed mice was inhibited. Notably, a single administration of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-expressing cDNA coding for 72/1 anti-ENO1 mAb reduced the number of lung metastases in immunosuppressed mice injected with PDAC cells. Overall, these data indicate that ENO1 is involved in PDAC cell invasion, and that administration of an anti-ENO1 mAb can be exploited as a novel therapeutic option to increase the survival of metastatic PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitza Principe
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ceruti
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Michelle S Chattaragada
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Bestagno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sheng-Hui Yang
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Paola Migliorini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Oscar Burrone
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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