1
|
Van der Borght K, Brimnes J, Haspeslagh E, Brand S, Neyt K, Gupta S, Knudsen NPH, Hammad H, Andersen PS, Lambrecht BN. Sublingual allergen immunotherapy prevents house dust mite inhalant type 2 immunity through dendritic cell-mediated induction of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00028-X. [PMID: 38570140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) is an emerging treatment option for allergic asthma and a potential disease-modifying strategy for asthma prevention. The key cellular events leading to such long-term tolerance remain to be fully elucidated. We administered prophylactic SLIT in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-driven allergic asthma. HDM extract was sublingually administered over 3 weeks followed by intratracheal sensitization and intranasal challenges with HDM. Prophylactic SLIT prevented allergic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity with a low lab-to-lab variation. The HDM-specific T helper (Th)2 (cluster of differentiation 4 Th) response was shifted by SLIT toward a regulatory and Th17 response in the lung and mediastinal lymph node. By using Derp1-specific cluster of differentiation 4+ T cells (1-DER), we found that SLIT blocked 1-DER T cell recruitment to the mediastinal lymph node and dampened IL-4 secretion following intratracheal HDM sensitization. Sublingually administered Derp1 protein activated 1-DER T cells in the cervical lymph node via chemokine receptor7+ migratory dendritic cells (DC). DCs migrating from the oral submucosa to the cervical lymph node after SLIT-induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. When mice were sensitized with HDM, prior prophylactic SLIT increased Derp1 specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lowered Th2 recruitment in the lung. By using Foxp3-diphtheria toxin receptor mice, Tregs were found to contribute to the immunoregulatory prophylactic effect of SLIT on type 2 immunity. These findings in a mouse model suggest that DC-mediated functional Treg induction in oral mucosa draining lymph nodes is one of the driving mechanisms behind the disease-modifying effect of prophylactic SLIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van der Borght
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Brimnes
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Eline Haspeslagh
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Brand
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Katrijn Neyt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter S Andersen
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai J, Chen J, Ortiz-Guzman J, Huang J, Arenkiel BR, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Tong Q, Zhan C. AgRP neurons are not indispensable for body weight maintenance in adult mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112789. [PMID: 37422762 PMCID: PMC10909125 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in promoting feeding and obesity development, hypothalamic arcuate agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) neurons are widely perceived to be indispensable for maintaining normal feeding and body weight in adults, and consistently, acute inhibition of AgRP neurons is known to reduce short-term food intake. Here, we adopted complementary methods to achieve nearly complete ablation of arcuate AgRP/NPY neurons in adult mice and report that lesioning arcuate AgRP/NPY neurons in adult mice causes no apparent alterations in ad libitum feeding or body weight. Consistent with previous studies, loss of AgRP/NPY neurons blunts fasting refeeding. Thus, our studies show that AgRP/NPY neurons are not required for maintaining ad libitum feeding or body weight homeostasis in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine at McGovern Medical School and Neuroscience Program of MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Joshua Ortiz-Guzman
- Duncan Institute of Neurological Research and Department of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica Huang
- Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine at McGovern Medical School and Neuroscience Program of MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Duncan Institute of Neurological Research and Department of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuyan Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine at McGovern Medical School and Neuroscience Program of MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Griesser E, Schönberger T, Stierstorfer B, Wyatt H, Rist W, Lamla T, Thomas MJ, Lamb D, Geillinger-Kästle KE. Characterization of a flexible AAV-DTR/DT mouse model of acute epithelial lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L206-L218. [PMID: 35762632 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00364.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are important to mimic certain pathways or biological aspects of human pathologies including acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. We developed a novel and flexible mouse model of acute epithelial lung injury based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) variant 6.2 mediated expression of the human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR). Following intratracheal administration of diphtheria toxin (DT), a cell-specific death of bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells can be observed. In contrast to other lung injury models, the here described mouse model provides the possibility of targeted injury using specific tropisms of AAV vectors or cell type specific promotors to drive the human DTR expression. Also, generation of cell specific mouse lines is not required. Detailed characterization of the AAV-DTR/DT mouse model including titration of viral genome (vg) load and administered DT amount revealed increasing cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; macrophages, neutrophils, and unspecified cells) and elevation of degenerated cells and infiltrated leukocytes in lung tissue, dependent of vg load and DT dose. Cytokine levels in BAL fluid showed different patterns with higher vg load, e.g. IFNγ, TNFα, and IP10 increasing and IL-5 and IL-6 decreasing, while lung function was not affected. Additionally, laser-capture microdissection (LCM)-based proteomics of bronchial epithelium and alveolar tissue revealed upregulated immune and inflammatory response in all regions and extracellular matrix deposition in infiltrated alveoli. Overall, our novel AAV-DTR/DT model allows investigation of repair mechanisms following epithelial injury and resembles specific mechanistic aspects of acute and chronic pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Griesser
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany, Germany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Non-clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Hannah Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lamla
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany, Germany
| | - Matthew James Thomas
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - David Lamb
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kerstin E Geillinger-Kästle
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Targeted ablation of Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells in diphtheria toxin receptor-based mouse and organoid models. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101411. [PMID: 35620071 PMCID: PMC9127205 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
5
|
NeuroD1 induces microglial apoptosis and cannot induce microglia-to-neuron cross-lineage reprogramming. Neuron 2021; 109:4094-4108.e5. [PMID: 34875233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of neurons is limited in the central nervous system (CNS), with irreversible neuronal loss upon insult. In contrast, microglia exhibit extraordinary capacity for repopulation. Matsuda et al. (2019) recently reported NeuroD1-induced microglia-to-neuron conversion, aiming to provide an "unlimited" source to regenerate neurons. However, the extent to which NeuroD1 can exert cross-lineage reprogramming of microglia (myeloid lineage) to neurons (neuroectodermal lineage) is unclear. In this study, we unexpectedly found that NeuroD1 cannot convert microglia to neurons in mice. Instead, NeuroD1 expression induces microglial cell death. Moreover, lineage tracing reveals non-specific leakage of similar lentiviruses as previously used for microglia-to-neuron conversion, which confounds the microglia-to-neuron observation. In summary, we demonstrated that NeuroD1 cannot induce microglia-to-neuron cross-lineage reprogramming. We here propose rigid principles for verifying glia-to-neuron conversion. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Matsuda et al. (2019), published in Neuron.
Collapse
|
6
|
Robles-Oteiza C, Ayeni D, Levy S, Homer RJ, Kaech SM, Politi K. Elevated murine HB-EGF confers sensitivity to diphtheria toxin in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272093. [PMID: 34494649 PMCID: PMC8617309 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional ablation of defined cell populations in vivo can be achieved using genetically engineered mice in which the human diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) is placed under control of a murine tissue-specific promotor, such that delivery of DT selectively ablates cells expressing this high-affinity human DTR; cells expressing only the endogenous low-affinity mouse DTR are assumed to be unaffected. Surprisingly, we found that systemic administration of DT induced rapid regression of murine lung adenocarcinomas that express human mutant EGFR in the absence of a transgenic allele containing human DTR. DT enzymatic activity was required for tumor regression, and mutant EGFR-expressing tumor cells were the primary target of DT toxicity. In FVB mice, EGFR-mutant tumors upregulated expression of HBEGF, which is the DTR in mice and humans. HBEGF blockade with the enzymatically inactive DT mutant CRM197 partially abrogated tumor regression induced by DT. These results suggest that elevated expression of murine HBEGF, i.e. the low-affinity DTR, confers sensitivity to DT in EGFR-mutant tumors, demonstrating a biological effect of DT in mice lacking transgenic DTR alleles and highlighting a unique vulnerability of EGFR-mutant lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Ayeni
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stellar Levy
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Robert J Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
IgE-activated mast cells enhance TLR4-mediated antigen-specific CD4 + T cell responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9686. [PMID: 33958642 PMCID: PMC8102524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are potent mediators of allergy and asthma, yet their role in regulating adaptive immunity remains ambiguous. On the surface of mast cells, the crosslinking of IgE bound to FcεRI by a specific antigen recognized by that IgE triggers the release of immune mediators such as histamine and cytokines capable of activating other immune cells; however, little is known about the mast cell contribution to the induction of endogenous, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Here we examined the effects of specific mast cell activation in vivo on the initiation of an antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response. While CD4+ T cells were not enhanced by FcεRI stimulation alone, their activation was synergistically enhanced when FcεRI activation was combined with TLR4 stimulation. This enhanced activation was dependent on global TLR4 stimulation but appeared to be less dependent on mast cell expressed TLR4. This study provides important new evidence to support the role of mast cells as mediators of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response.
Collapse
|
8
|
Soch A, Spencer SJ. Consequences of early life overfeeding for microglia - Perspectives from rodent models. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:256-261. [PMID: 32088312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The early life period is crucially important to how the individual develops, and environmental and lifestyle challenges during this time can lead to lasting programming effects on the brain and immune system. In particular, poor diet in early development can lead to long-term negative metabolic and cognitive outcomes, with those who over-eat in early development being at risk of obesity and poor learning and memory throughout their adult lives. Current research has identified a neuroinflammatory component to this metabolic and cognitive programming that can potentially be manipulated to restore a healthy phenotype. Thus, early life over-feeding in a rat model leads to microglial priming and an exacerbated microglial response to immune challenge when the rats reach adulthood. Microglial responses to a learning task are also impaired. To specifically investigate the role of microglia in these programming effects our group has developed a novel transgenic rat with a diphtheria toxin receptor insertion in the promoter region for the Cx3cr1 gene, expressed on microglia and monocytes; allowing us to conditionally ablate microglia throughout the brain. With this model we reveal that microglia have a direct role in regulating feeding behavior and modifying cognition, but are not likely to be the sole mechanism by which early life overfeeding confers lasting neuroimmune and cognitive effects. Additional work implicates changes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in this. Together these data highlight the importance of dietary choices in early life and the potential for positive interventions targeting the neuroimmune and neuroendocrine stress systems to reverse such programming damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alita Soch
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Microglia depletion fails to abrogate inflammation-induced sickness in mice and rats. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:172. [PMID: 32475344 PMCID: PMC7262755 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Production of inflammatory mediators by reactive microglial cells in the brain is generally considered the primary mechanism underlying the development of symptoms of sickness in response to systemic inflammation. Methods Depletion of microglia was achieved in C57BL/6 mice by chronic oral administration of PLX5622, a specific antagonist of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor, and in rats by a knock-in model in which the diphtheria toxin receptor was expressed under the control of the endogenous fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) promoter sequence. After successful microglia depletion, mice and rats were injected with a sickness-inducing dose of lipopolysaccharide according to a 2 (depletion vs. control) × 2 (LPS vs. saline) factorial design. Sickness was measured by body weight loss and decreased locomotor activity in rats and mice, and reduced voluntary wheel running in mice. Results Chronic administration of PLX5622 in mice and administration of diphtheria toxin to knock-in rats depleted microglia and peripheral tissue macrophages. However, it did not abrogate the inducible expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain in response to LPS and even exacerbated it for some of the cytokines. In accordance with these neuroimmune effects, LPS-induced sickness was not abrogated, rather it was exacerbated when measured by running wheel activity in mice. Conclusions These findings reveal that the sickness-inducing effects of acute inflammation can develop independently of microglia activation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mass E. Delineating the origins, developmental programs and homeostatic functions of tissue-resident macrophages. Int Immunol 2019; 30:493-501. [PMID: 29986024 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A literature covering 150 years of research indicates that macrophages are a diverse family of professional phagocytes that continuously explore their environment, recognize and scavenge pathogens, unfit cells, cell debris as well as metabolites, and produce a large range of bioactive molecules and growth factors. A new paradigm suggests that most tissue-resident macrophages originate from fetal precursors that colonize developing organs and self-maintain independently of bone marrow-derived cells throughout life. The differentiation of these precursors is driven by a core macrophage transcriptional program and immediately followed by their specification through expression of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators early during embryogenesis. Despite our increasing understanding of ontogeny and genetic programs that shape differentiation processes and functions of macrophages, the precise developmental trajectories of tissue-resident macrophages remain undefined. Here, I review current models of fetal hematopoietic waves, possible routes of macrophage development and their roles during homeostasis. Further, transgenic mouse models are discussed providing a toolset to study the developmentally and functionally distinct arms of the phagocyte system in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Innate Immune System, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schultze JL, Mass E, Schlitzer A. Emerging Principles in Myelopoiesis at Homeostasis and during Infection and Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 50:288-301. [PMID: 30784577 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelopoiesis ensures the steady state of the myeloid cell compartment. Technological advances in fate mapping and genetic engineering, as well as the advent of single cell RNA-sequencing, have highlighted the heterogeneity of the hematopoietic system and revealed new concepts in myeloid cell ontogeny. These technologies are also shedding light on mechanisms of myelopoiesis at homeostasis and at different phases of infection and inflammation, illustrating important feedback loops between affected tissues and the bone marrow. We review these findings here and revisit principles in myelopoiesis in light of the evolving understanding of myeloid cell ontogeny and heterogeneity. We argue for the importance of system-wide evaluation of changes in myelopoiesis and discuss how even after the resolution of inflammation, long-lasting alterations in myelopoiesis may play a role in innate immune memory or trained immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim L Schultze
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Innate Immune System, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Myeloid Cell Biology, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Luca SN, Sominsky L, Soch A, Wang H, Ziko I, Rank MM, Spencer SJ. Conditional microglial depletion in rats leads to reversible anorexia and weight loss by disrupting gustatory circuitry. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 77:77-91. [PMID: 30578932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are highly sensitive to dietary influence, becoming activated acutely and long-term by high fat diet. However, their role in regulating satiety and feeding in healthy individuals remains unclear. Here we show that microglia are essential for the normal regulation of satiety and metabolism in rats. Short-term microglial depletion in a Cx3cr1-Dtr rat led to a dramatic weight loss that was largely accounted for by an acute reduction in food intake. This weight loss and anorexia were not likely due to a sickness response since the rats did not display peripheral or central inflammation, withdrawal, anxiety-like behavior, or nausea-associated pica. Hormonal and hypothalamic anatomical changes were largely compensatory to the suppressed food intake, which occurred in association with disruption of the gustatory circuitry at the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Thus, microglia are important in supporting normal feeding behaviors and weight, and regulating preference for palatable food. Inhibiting this circuitry is able to over-ride strong compensatory drives to eat, providing a potential target for satiety control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone N De Luca
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3138, Australia
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3138, Australia
| | - Alita Soch
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3138, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3138, Australia
| | - Ilvana Ziko
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3138, Australia
| | - Michelle M Rank
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3138, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3138, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fontaine M, Vogel I, Van Eycke YR, Galuppo A, Ajouaou Y, Decaestecker C, Kassiotis G, Moser M, Leo O. Regulatory T cells constrain the TCR repertoire of antigen-stimulated conventional CD4 T cells. EMBO J 2018; 37:398-412. [PMID: 29263148 PMCID: PMC5793804 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the potential role of Tregs in controlling the TCR repertoire breadth to a non-self-antigen, a TCRβ transgenic mouse model (EF4.1) expressing a limited, yet polyclonal naïve T-cell repertoire was used. The response of EF4.1 mice to an I-Ab-associated epitope of the F-MuLV envelope protein is dominated by clones expressing a Vα2 gene segment, thus allowing a comprehensive analysis of the TCRα repertoire in a relatively large cohort of mice. Control and Treg-depleted EF4.1 mice were immunized, and the extent of the Vα2-bearing, antigen-specific TCR repertoire was characterized by high-throughput sequencing and spectratyping analysis. In addition to increased clonal expansion and acquisition of effector functions, Treg depletion led to the expression of a more diverse TCR repertoire comprising several private clonotypes rarely observed in control mice or in the pre-immune repertoire. Injection of anti-CD86 antibodies in vivo led to a strong reduction in TCR diversity, suggesting that Tregs may influence TCR repertoire diversity by modulating costimulatory molecule availability. Collectively, these studies illustrate an additional mechanism whereby Tregs control the immune response to non-self-antigens.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Friend murine leukemia virus/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fontaine
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Isabel Vogel
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Yves-Rémi Van Eycke
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Laboratories of Image, Signal processing & Acoustics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Galuppo
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Yousra Ajouaou
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Laboratories of Image, Signal processing & Acoustics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hung CF, Chow YH, Liles WC, Altemeier WA, Schnapp LM. Ablation of Pericyte-Like Cells in Lungs by Oropharyngeal Aspiration of Diphtheria Toxin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:160-167. [PMID: 27779900 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0083ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that FoxD1-derived cells in the lung are enriched in pericyte-like cells in mouse lung. These cells express the common pericyte markers and are located adjacent to endothelial cells. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of administering diphtheria toxin (DT) by oropharyngeal aspiration as an approach to ablating FoxD1-derived cells. We crossed mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the FoxD1 promoter to Rosa26-loxP-STOP-loxP-iDTR mice and generated a bitransgenic line (FoxD1-Cre;Rs26-iDTR) in which FoxD1-derived cells heritably express simian or human diphtheria toxin receptor and are sensitive to DT. We delivered low-dose (0.5 ng/g) and high-dose (1ng/g × 2) to FoxD1-Cre;Rs26-iDTR mice and littermate control mice by oropharyngeal aspiration and evaluated ablation by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. FoxD1-Cre mice showed a 40-50% reduction in PDGFRβ+ cells by flow cytometry at Days 2 and 7 after DT administration, with a return of PDGFRβ+ cells at Day 28. Confocal microscopy revealed an observable reduction in pericyte markers. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed no significant differences in total protein, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid red blood cell, or white blood cell counts at low dose. However, at high-dose DT, there was a proinflammatory effect in the control mice and increased mortality associated with systemic toxicity in Cre+ mice. Low-dose DT reduced lung PDGFRβ+ stromal cells in the FoxD1-Cre;iDTR transgenic model without a differential effect on lung inflammation in DT-sensitive and DT-insensitive animals. Low-dose DT is a viable method for transient lineage-specific stromal cell ablation in the lung that minimizes systemic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Conrad Liles
- Departments of 1 Medicine.,2 Pathology.,3 Global Health, and.,4 Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | | | - Lynn M Schnapp
- 5 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from eukaryotes has gained strong interest in recent years. However, research into the therapeutic application of their bacterial counterparts, known as bacterial membrane vesicles, is only just beginning to be appreciated. Membrane vesicles (MVs) from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria offer significant advantages in therapeutic development, including large-scale, cost effective production and ease of molecular manipulation to display foreign antigens. The nanoparticle size of MVs enables their dissemination through numerous tissue types, and their natural immunogenicity and self-adjuvanting capability can be harnessed to induce both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in vaccine design. Moreover, the ability to target MVs to specific tissues through the display of surface receptors raises their potential use as targeted MV-based anti-cancer therapy. This review discusses recent advances in MV research with particular emphasis on exciting new possibilities for the application of MVs in therapeutic design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Bitto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3068, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Konishi H, Ohgami N, Matsushita A, Kondo Y, Aoyama Y, Kobayashi M, Nagai T, Ugawa S, Yamada K, Kato M, Kiyama H. Exposure to diphtheria toxin during the juvenile period impairs both inner and outer hair cells in C57BL/6 mice. Neuroscience 2017; 351:15-23. [PMID: 28344071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diphtheria toxin (DT) administration into transgenic mice that express the DT receptor (DTR) under control of specific promoters is often used for cell ablation studies in vivo. Because DTR is not expressed in mice, DT injection has been assumed to be nontoxic to cells in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that DT application during the juvenile stage leads to hearing loss in wild-type mice. Auditory brainstem response measurement showed severe hearing loss in C57BL/6 mice administered DT during the juvenile period, and the hearing loss persisted into adulthood. However, ototoxicity did not occur when DT was applied on postnatal day 28 or later. Histological studies demonstrated that hearing loss was accompanied by significant degeneration of inner and outer hair cells (HCs), as well as spiral ganglion neurons. Scanning electron microscopy showed quick degeneration of inner HCs within 3days and gradual degeneration of outer HCs within 1week. These results demonstrated that DT has ototoxic action on C57BL/6 mice during the juvenile period, but not thereafter, and the hearing loss was due to degeneration of inner and outer HCs by unknown DT-related mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Ohgami
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Aika Matsushita
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuki Aoyama
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhattacharya J, Westphalen K. Macrophage-epithelial interactions in pulmonary alveoli. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:461-9. [PMID: 27170185 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages have been investigated for years by approaches involving macrophage extraction from the lung by bronchoalveolar lavage, or by cell removal from lung tissue. Since extracted macrophages are studied outside their natural milieu, there is little understanding of the extent to which alveolar macrophages interact with the epithelium, or with one another to generate the lung's innate immune response to pathogen challenge. Here, we review new evidence of macrophage-epithelial interactions in the lung, and we address the emerging understanding that the alveolar epithelium plays an important role in orchestrating the macrophage-driven immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahar Bhattacharya
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kristin Westphalen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Feng D, Dai S, Liu F, Ohtake Y, Zhou Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Kearns A, Peng X, Zhu F, Hayat U, Li M, He Y, Xu M, Zhao C, Cheng M, Zhang L, Wang H, Yang X, Ju C, Bryda EC, Gordon J, Khalili K, Hu W, Li S, Qin X, Gao B. Cre-inducible human CD59 mediates rapid cell ablation after intermedilysin administration. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2321-33. [PMID: 27159394 DOI: 10.1172/jci84921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell ablation is a powerful tool for studying cell lineage and/or function; however, current cell-ablation models have limitations. Intermedilysin (ILY), a cytolytic pore-forming toxin that is secreted by Streptococcus intermedius, lyses human cells exclusively by binding to the human complement regulator CD59 (hCD59), but does not react with CD59 from nonprimates. Here, we took advantage of this feature of ILY and developed a model of conditional and targeted cell ablation by generating floxed STOP-CD59 knockin mice (ihCD59), in which expression of human CD59 only occurs after Cre-mediated recombination. The administration of ILY to ihCD59+ mice crossed with various Cre-driver lines resulted in the rapid and specific ablation of immune, epithelial, or neural cells without off-target effects. ILY had a large pharmacological window, which allowed us to perform dose-dependent studies. Finally, the ILY/ihCD59-mediated cell-ablation method was tested in several disease models to study immune cell functionalities, hepatocyte and/or biliary epithelial damage and regeneration, and neural cell damage. Together, the results of this study demonstrate the utility of the ihCD59 mouse model for studying the effects of cell ablation in specific organ systems in a variety of developmental and disease states.
Collapse
|
19
|
Schulze B, Piehler D, Eschke M, von Buttlar H, Köhler G, Sparwasser T, Alber G. CD4(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells suppress fatal T helper 2 cell immunity during pulmonary fungal infection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3596-604. [PMID: 25187063 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes lung inflammation and fatal meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in controlling immunity and homeostasis. However, their functional role during fungal infection is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Treg cells during experimental murine pulmonary C. neoformans infection. We show that the number of CD4(+) FoxP3(+) Treg cells in the lung increases significantly within the first 4 weeks after intranasal infection of BALB/c wild-type mice. To define the function of Treg cells we used DEREG mice allowing selective depletion of CD4(+) FoxP3(+) Treg cells by application of diphtheria toxin. In Treg cell-depleted mice, stronger pulmonary allergic inflammation with enhanced mucus production and pronounced eosinophilia, increased IgE production, and elevated fungal lung burden were found. This was accompanied by higher frequencies of GATA-3(+) T helper (Th) 2 cells with elevated capacity to produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. In contrast, only a mild increase in the Th1-associated immune response unrelated to the fungal infection was observed. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that during fungal infection pulmonary Treg cells are induced and preferentially suppress Th2 cells thereby mediating enhanced fungal control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schulze
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ehrlich A, Castilho TM, Goldsmith-Pestana K, Chae WJ, Bothwell ALM, Sparwasser T, McMahon-Pratt D. The immunotherapeutic role of regulatory T cells in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2961-70. [PMID: 25098291 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) parasites are etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Infection is characterized by a mixed Th1/Th2 inflammatory response, which contributes to disease pathology. However, the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Leishmania (Viannia) disease pathogenesis is unclear. Using the mouse model of chronic L. (V.) panamensis infection, we examined the hypothesis that Treg functionality contributes to control of pathogenesis. Upon infection, Tregs (CD4(+)Foxp3(+)) presented with a dysregulated phenotype, in that they produced IFN-γ, expressed Tbet, and had a reduced ability to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Targeted ablation of Tregs resulted in enlarged lesions, increased parasite load, and enhanced production of IL-17 and IFN-γ, with no change in IL-10 and IL-13 levels. This indicated that an increased inflammatory response was commensurate with disease exacerbation and that the remaining impaired Tregs were important in regulation of disease pathology. Conversely, adoptive transfer of Tregs from naive mice halted disease progression, lowered parasite burden, and reduced cytokine production (IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ). Because Tregs appeared to be important for controlling infection, we hypothesized that their expansion could be used as an immunotherapeutic treatment approach. As a proof of principle, chronically infected mice were treated with rIL-2/anti-IL-2 Ab complex to expand Tregs. Treatment transitorily increased the numbers and percentage of Tregs (draining lymph node, spleen), which resulted in reduced cytokine responses, ameliorated lesions, and reduced parasite load (10(5)-fold). Thus, immunotherapy targeting Tregs could provide an alternate treatment strategy for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ehrlich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Tiago Moreno Castilho
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Karen Goldsmith-Pestana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Wook-Jin Chae
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Diane McMahon-Pratt
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520;
| |
Collapse
|