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Perazzio SF, Palmeira P, Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Rangel-Santos A, de Oliveira JB, Andrade LEC, Carneiro-Sampaio M. A Critical Review on the Standardization and Quality Assessment of Nonfunctional Laboratory Tests Frequently Used to Identify Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:721289. [PMID: 34858394 PMCID: PMC8630704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which were previously termed primary immunodeficiency diseases, represent a large and growing heterogeneous group of diseases that are mostly monogenic. In addition to increased susceptibility to infections, other clinical phenotypes have recently been associated with IEI, such as autoimmune disorders, severe allergies, autoinflammatory disorders, benign lymphoproliferative diseases, and malignant manifestations. The IUIS 2019 classification comprises 430 distinct defects that, although rare individually, represent a group affecting a significant number of patients, with an overall prevalence of 1:1,200-2,000 in the general population. Early IEI diagnosis is critical for appropriate therapy and genetic counseling, however, this process is deeply dependent on accurate laboratory tests. Despite the striking importance of laboratory data for clinical immunologists, several IEI-relevant immunoassays still lack standardization, including standardized protocols, reference materials, and external quality assessment programs. Moreover, well-established reference values mostly remain to be determined, especially for early ages, when the most severe conditions manifest and diagnosis is critical for patient survival. In this article, we intend to approach the issue of standardization and quality control of the nonfunctional diagnostic tests used for IEI, focusing on those frequently utilized in clinical practice. Herein, we will focus on discussing the issues of nonfunctional immunoassays (flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and turbidimetry/nephelometry, among others), as defined by the pure quantification of proteins or cell subsets without cell activation or cell culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Félix Perazzio
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dewton Moraes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-56), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Rangel-Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-36), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sanderson-November M, Silver S, Hooker V, Schmelz M. Biorepository best practices for research and clinical investigations. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 116:106572. [PMID: 34583056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Translational research requires good quality specimens to ensure the integrity of research results. Clinical research must rely not only on quality specimens, but as well on clinical annotation for consistent, accurate and verifiable scientific and clinical outcomes. In laboratory research performed on a specimen by a single investigator, quality control is easily maintained. In a multi-site clinical research network, the numerous steps for biospecimens from procurement through transport, processing, storage and ultimately testing requires strict standardization of operational workflows and procedures. The practices of a central biorepository can inform and contribute to best practices regarding clinical research specimen integrity for multi-site clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Silver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
| | - Vanessa Hooker
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Monika Schmelz
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America.
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3
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Bainbridge J, Rountree W, Louzao R, Wong J, Whitby L, Denny TN, Barnett D. Laboratory Accuracy Improvement in the UK NEQAS Leucocyte Immunophenotyping Immune Monitoring Program: An Eleven-Year Review via Longitudinal Mixed Effects Modeling. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:250-256. [PMID: 28480599 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS) for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping Immune Monitoring Programme, provides external quality assessment (EQA) to non-U.S. laboratories affiliated with the NIH NIAID Division of AIDS (DAIDS) clinical trials networks. Selected laboratories are required to have oversight, performance monitoring, and remediation undertaken by Immunology Quality Assessment (IQA) staff under the DAIDS contract. We examined whether laboratory accuracy improves with longer EQA participation and whether IQA remediation is effective. METHODS Laboratory accuracy, defined by the measurement residuals from trial sample medians, was measured on four outcomes: both CD4+ absolute counts (cells/μL) and percentages; and CD8+ absolute counts (cells/μL) and percentages. Three laboratory categories were defined: IQA monitored (n = 116), United Kingdom/non-DAIDS (n = 137), and non-DAIDS/non-UK (n = 1034). For absolute count outcomes, the groups were subdivided into single platform and dual platform users. RESULTS Increasing EQA duration was found to be associated with increasing accuracy for all groups in all four lymphocyte subsets (P < 0.0001). In the percentage outcomes, the typical IQA group laboratory improved faster than laboratories from the other two groups (P < 0.005). No difference in the overall rate of improvement was found between groups for absolute count outcomes. However, in the DPT subgroup the IQA group ultimately showed greater homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS EQA participation coupled with effective laboratory monitoring and remedial action is strongly associated with improved laboratory accuracy, both incrementally and in the proportion of laboratories meeting suggested standards. Improvement in accuracy provides more reliable laboratory information facilitating more appropriate patient treatment decisions. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bainbridge
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Raul Louzao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John Wong
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liam Whitby
- UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David Barnett
- UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield, UK
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4
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Park SH, Park CJ, Park BG, Bae MH, Kim BH, Cho YU, Jang S, Park AJ, Kim DY, Lee JH, Lee JH, Lee KH. Prognostic Impact of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:270-280. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Pusan National University School of Medicine; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital; Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Borae G. Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Bae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Uk Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ja Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Hematology; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Department of Hematology; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hwan Lee
- Department of Hematology; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Hematology; University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
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5
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Raniszewska A, Górska E, Kotuła I, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Popko K, Ciepiela O. Recurrent respiratory tract infections in children - analysis of immunological examinations. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:167-73. [PMID: 26557030 PMCID: PMC4637391 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.52830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric respiratory tract infections are among the most common reasons for preschool and school absences and visits to physicians. The disease mainly involves the upper respiratory tract and is associated with fever, cough, sore throat, and running nose. Children with recurrent respiratory infections (RRI), which are defined as more than six serious diseases a year, are a difficult diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to assess immunological deviations in laboratory tests performed in children with RRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the retrospective study 25 children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infection, aged 4.1 ±2.3 years, 13 boys and 12 girls, were involved. For all children chemiluminescence of granulocytes and immunophenotyping of lymphocytes from peripheral blood were examined. An immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes involved evaluation of T cell, B cells, and NK cells, examined with flow cytometry. RESULTS Eleven of the studied children had decreased chemiluminescent response to stimulants, normal response was found for nine children, and five children had an increased result of the test. Five of the 25 children had decreased B cells number, and five had decreased number of T cells including decrease of CD4, as well as CD8 positive cells. Children with decreased chemiluminescence had more frequent neutropaenia than children with normal or increased chemiluminescent response, p < 0.05 (exact Fisher test). CONCLUSIONS Recurrent respiratory tract infection could be associated with improper neutrophils response to pathogens, and immunological examination should be performed to find the reason for the increased number of infections in a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Raniszewska
- Students’ Scientific Group at the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Górska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kotuła
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popko
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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McGowan I, Anton PA, Elliott J, Cranston RD, Duffill K, Althouse AD, Hawkins KL, De Rosa SC. Exploring the feasibility of multi-site flow cytometric processing of gut associated lymphoid tissue with centralized data analysis for multi-site clinical trials. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126454. [PMID: 26010577 PMCID: PMC4444258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the development of a standardized approach to the collection of intestinal tissue from healthy volunteers, isolation of gut associated lymphoid tissue mucosal mononuclear cells (MMC), and characterization of mucosal T cell phenotypes by flow cytometry was sufficient to minimize differences in the normative ranges of flow parameters generated at two trial sites. Forty healthy male study participants were enrolled in Pittsburgh and Los Angeles. MMC were isolated from rectal biopsies using the same biopsy acquisition and enzymatic digestion protocols. As an additional comparator, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from the study participants. For quality control, cryopreserved PBMC from a single donor were supplied to both sites from a central repository (qPBMC). Using a jointly optimized standard operating procedure, cells were isolated from tissue and blood and stained with monoclonal antibodies targeted to T cell phenotypic markers. Site-specific flow data were analyzed by an independent center which analyzed all data from both sites. Ranges for frequencies for overall CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, derived from the qPBMC samples, were equivalent at both UCLA and MWRI. However, there were significant differences across sites for the majority of T cell activation and memory subsets in qPBMC as well as PBMC and MMC. Standardized protocols to collect, stain, and analyze MMC and PBMC, including centralized analysis, can reduce but not exclude variability in reporting flow data within multi-site studies. Based on these data, centralized processing, flow cytometry, and analysis of samples may provide more robust data across multi-site studies. Centralized processing requires either shipping of fresh samples or cryopreservation and the decision to perform centralized versus site processing needs to take into account the drawbacks and restrictions associated with each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian McGowan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter A. Anton
- Department of Medicine and the AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Elliott
- Department of Medicine and the AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ross D. Cranston
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Duffill
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Althouse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Hawkins
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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7
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Melzer S, Zachariae S, Bocsi J, Engel C, Löffler M, Tárnok A. Reference intervals for leukocyte subsets in adults: Results from a population-based study using 10-color flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 88:270-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Melzer
- LIFE; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; Universität Leipzig; Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Heart Center Leipzig GmbH, Universität Leipzig; Strümpellstr. 39 Leipzig D-04289 Germany
| | - Silke Zachariae
- LIFE; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; Universität Leipzig; Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology; Universität Leipzig; Härtelstraße 16-18 Leipzig D- 04107 Germany
| | - Jozsef Bocsi
- LIFE; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; Universität Leipzig; Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Heart Center Leipzig GmbH, Universität Leipzig; Strümpellstr. 39 Leipzig D-04289 Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- LIFE; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; Universität Leipzig; Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology; Universität Leipzig; Härtelstraße 16-18 Leipzig D- 04107 Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- LIFE; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; Universität Leipzig; Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology; Universität Leipzig; Härtelstraße 16-18 Leipzig D- 04107 Germany
| | - Attila Tárnok
- LIFE; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; Universität Leipzig; Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Heart Center Leipzig GmbH, Universität Leipzig; Strümpellstr. 39 Leipzig D-04289 Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig; Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55 Leipzig D-04103 Germany
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8
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Stebbings R, Wang L, Sutherland J, Kammel M, Gaigalas AK, John M, Roemer B, Kuhne M, Schneider RJ, Braun M, Engel A, Dikshit DK, Abbasi F, Marti GE, Sassi MP, Revel L, Kim SK, Baradez MO, Lekishvili T, Marshall D, Whitby L, Jing W, Ost V, Vonsky M, Neukammer J. Quantification of cells with specific phenotypes I: determination of CD4+ cell count per microliter in reconstituted lyophilized human PBMC prelabeled with anti-CD4 FITC antibody. Cytometry A 2015; 87:244-53. [PMID: 25655255 PMCID: PMC4654269 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A surface-labeled lyophilized lymphocyte (sLL) preparation has been developed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells prelabeled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. The sLL preparation is intended to be used as a reference material for CD4+ cell counting including the development of higher order reference measurement procedures and has been evaluated in the pilot study CCQM-P102. This study was conducted across 16 laboratories from eight countries to assess the ability of participants to quantify the CD4+ cell count of this reference material and to document cross-laboratory variability plus associated measurement uncertainties. Twelve different flow cytometer platforms were evaluated using a standard protocol that included calibration beads used to obtain quantitative measurements of CD4+ T cell counts. There was good overall cross-platform and counting method agreement with a grand mean of the laboratory calculated means of (301.7 ± 4.9) μL(-1) CD4+ cells. Excluding outliers, greater than 90% of participant data agreed within ±15%. A major contribution to variation of sLL CD4+ cell counts was tube to tube variation of the calibration beads, amounting to an uncertainty of 3.6%. Variation due to preparative steps equated to an uncertainty of 2.6%. There was no reduction in variability when data files were centrally reanalyzed. Remaining variation was attributed to instrument specific differences. CD4+ cell counts obtained in CCQM-P102 are in excellent agreement and show the robustness of both the measurements and the data analysis and hence the suitability of sLL as a reference material for interlaboratory comparisons and external quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stebbings
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
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9
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Kagan JM, Sanchez AM, Landay A, Denny TN. A Brief Chronicle of CD4 as a Biomarker for HIV/AIDS: A Tribute to the Memory of John L. Fahey. FORUM ON IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL DISEASES AND THERAPEUTICS 2015; 6:55-64. [PMID: 27182452 PMCID: PMC4864990 DOI: 10.1615/forumimmundisther.2016014169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Foundational cellular immunology research of the 1960s and 1970s, together with the advent of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, provided the knowledge base and the technological capability that enabled the elucidation of the role of CD4 T cells in HIV infection. Research identifying the sources and magnitude of variation in CD4 measurements, standardized reagents and protocols, and the development of clinical flow cytometers all contributed to the feasibility of widespread CD4 testing. Cohort studies and clinical trials provided the context for establishing the utility of CD4 for prognosis in HIV-infected persons, initial assessment of in vivo antiretroviral drug activity, and as a surrogate marker for clinical outcome in antiretroviral therapeutic trials. Even with sensitive HIV viral load measurement, CD4 cell counting is still utilized in determining antiretroviral therapy eligibility and time to initiate therapy. New point of care technologies are helping both to lower the cost of CD4 testing and enable its use in HIV test and treat programs around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Kagan
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Ana M. Sanchez
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Center for HIV/AIDS, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Center for HIV/AIDS, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Sanchez AM, Denny TN, O'Gorman M. Introduction to a Special Issue of the Journal of Immunological Methods: Building global resource programs to support HIV/AIDS clinical trial studies. J Immunol Methods 2014; 409:1-5. [PMID: 24910413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Special Issue of the Journal of Immunological Methods includes 16 manuscripts describing quality assurance activities related to virologic and immunologic monitoring of six global laboratory resource programs that support international HIV/AIDS clinical trial studies: Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD); Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI); External Quality Assurance Program Oversight Laboratory (EQAPOL); HIV Vaccine Trial Network (HVTN); International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI); and Immunology Quality Assessment (IQA). The reports from these programs address the many components required to develop comprehensive quality control activities and subsequent quality assurance programs for immune monitoring in global clinical trials including: all aspects of processing, storing, and quality assessment of PBMC preparations used ubiquitously in HIV clinical trials, the development and optimization of assays for CD8 HIV responses and HIV neutralization, a comprehensive global HIV virus repository, and reports on the development and execution of novel external proficiency testing programs for immunophenotyping, intracellular cytokine staining, ELISPOT and luminex based cytokine measurements. In addition, there are articles describing the implementation of Good Clinical Laboratory Practices (GCLP) in a large quality assurance laboratory, the development of statistical methods specific for external proficiency testing assessment, a discussion on the ability to set objective thresholds for measuring rare events by flow cytometry, and finally, a manuscript which addresses a framework for the structured reporting of T cell immune function based assays. It is anticipated that this series of manuscripts covering a wide range of quality assurance activities associated with the conduct of global clinical trials will provide a resource for individuals and programs involved in improving the harmonization, standardization, accuracy, and sensitivity of virologic and immunologic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sanchez
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maurice O'Gorman
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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