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Chen H, Zhang K, Wei D, Zhu J, Tian W, Mo J, Peng H, Luo X, Liang Y, Pan Y, Jiang L, Xu Y, Liu A, Ning C. Associations of ambient ozone exposure and CD4 + T cell levels with mortality among people living with HIV: An eight-year longitudinal study. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171544. [PMID: 38453062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
There has been a consistent upward trend in ground-level ozone (O3) concentration in China. People living with HIV (PLWH) may be more vulnerable to the health impacts of O3 exposure due to their immunosuppressed state. This study aims to investigate the association between ambient O3 exposure and mortality among PLWH, as well as the potential exacerbating effects of a decreased CD4+ T cell level. Daily maximum 8-hour O3 concentrations were assigned to 7270 PLWH at a county level in Guangxi, China. Every 10-unit increase in ambient O3 concentration was associated with a significant rise in all-cause mortality ranging from 7.3 % to 28.7 % and a significant rise in AIDS-related mortality ranging from 8.4 % to 14.5 %. When PLWH had a higher CD4+ count (≥350 cells/μL), elevated O3 concentration was associated with increased blood CD4+ count at lag0 [percent change with 95 % confidence interval, 0.20(0.00, 0.40)], lag1 [0.26(0.06, 0.47)], and lag2 [0.23(0.03, 0.44)]; however, an opposite association was observed when CD4+ count was <350 cells/μL for half-year average [-2.45(-4.71, -0.14)] and yearly average [-3.42(-5.51, -1.29)] of O3 exposure. The association of O3 exposure with all-cause and AIDS-related mortality was more prominent among those with higher CD4+ count. Exploratory analysis revealed possible associations between O3 exposure and respiratory infections and clinical symptoms. These findings suggest potential synergistic effects between a compromised immune status and elevated O3 exposure levels on mortality risk among PLWH. Ambient O3 exposure should be considered as an emerging mortality risk factor for PLWH in the era of antiretroviral therapy, requiring further attention from researchers and healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chest Hospital of Guangxi, No. 8 Yangjiaoshan Road, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, China
| | - Dongying Wei
- Chest Hospital of Guangxi, No. 8 Yangjiaoshan Road, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jinli Mo
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hongbin Peng
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yinxia Liang
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yanna Pan
- Chest Hospital of Guangxi, No. 8 Yangjiaoshan Road, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yunan Xu
- Department of Medical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China.
| | - Aimei Liu
- Chest Hospital of Guangxi, No. 8 Yangjiaoshan Road, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, China.
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, No. 8 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Cheng Y, Yue L, Zhang J, Xiang G. Stress hyperglycemia is associated with disease severity in COVID-19. Endokrynol Pol 2023; 74:528-535. [PMID: 37902015 DOI: 10.5603/ep.93597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has affected millions of people worldwide. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between stress hyperglycaemia and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 252 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The patients were divided into the following groups: COVID-19 with stress hyperglycaemia (SHG), COVID-19 with diabetes (DM), and COVID-19 with normal blood glucose (NG). The stress hyperglycaemia rate (SHR) was calculated using the fasting blood glucose (FBG)/glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio. To further compare the disease characteristics of different SHRs, we divided the SHR into low SHR and high SHR according to the SHR median. Correlations between the severity of the disease and other factors were analysed after adjusting for sex and age. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to analyse the risk factors predicting the severity of COVID-19. RESULTS Compared with the NG group, the SHG group had higher disease severity (p < 0.001); the SHG group had higher HbA1c, FBG, SHR, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and neutrophil levels, while lymphocyte, CD3+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD16+CD56 cell, and CD19+ cell counts were lower (p < 0.05). Compared with the NG group, the DM group had higher HbA1c, blood glucose, BUN, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophils, while CD8+ T cell counts were lower (p < 0.05). Compared with the DM group, the SHG group had higher SHR and lower HbA1c, CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD16+CD56 cell, and T cell ratio levels (p < 0.05). Compared to the low SHR group, the high SHR group had patients with more severe COVID-19 (p = 0.004). Also, the high SHR grouphad higher age, HbA1c, FBG, asparate aminotransferaze (AST), BUN, LDH, uric acid (UA), CRP, IL-6, and procalcitonin (PCT), while lymphocyte, CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD19+ cell counts were lower (p < 0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that SHR, gender, and lymphocyte count wererisk factorsfor the severity of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Stress hyperglycaemia, as indicated by a higher SHR, is independently associated with the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangda Xiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Pogorelyy MV, Rosati E, Minervina AA, Mettelman RC, Scheffold A, Franke A, Bacher P, Thomas PG. Resolving SARS-CoV-2 CD4 + T cell specificity via reverse epitope discovery. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100697. [PMID: 35841887 PMCID: PMC9247234 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current strategy to detect immunodominant T cell responses focuses on the antigen, employing large peptide pools to screen for functional cell activation. However, these approaches are labor and sample intensive and scale poorly with increasing size of the pathogen peptidome. T cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing the same epitope frequently have highly similar sequences, and thus, the presence of large sequence similarity clusters in the TCR repertoire likely identify the most public and immunodominant responses. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of large, publicly available single-cell and bulk TCR datasets from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals to identify public CD4+ responses. We report more than 1,200 αβTCRs forming six prominent similarity clusters and validate histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction and epitope specificity predictions for five clusters using transgenic T cell lines. Collectively, these data provide information on immunodominant CD4+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate the utility of the reverse epitope discovery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anastasia A Minervina
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
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Draghi A, Chamberlain CA, Khan S, Papp K, Lauss M, Soraggi S, Radic HD, Presti M, Harbst K, Gokuldass A, Kverneland A, Nielsen M, Westergaard MCW, Andersen MH, Csabai I, Jönsson G, Szallasi Z, Svane IM, Donia M. Rapid Identification of the Tumor-Specific Reactive TIL Repertoire via Combined Detection of CD137, TNF, and IFNγ, Following Recognition of Autologous Tumor-Antigens. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705422. [PMID: 34707600 PMCID: PMC8543011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the entire repertoire of tumor-specific reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is essential for investigating their immunological functions in the tumor microenvironment. Current in vitro assays identifying tumor-specific functional activation measure the upregulation of surface molecules, de novo production of antitumor cytokines, or mobilization of cytotoxic granules following recognition of tumor-antigens, yet there is no widely adopted standard method. Here we established an enhanced, yet simple, method for identifying simultaneously CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-specific reactive TILs in vitro, using a combination of widely known and available flow cytometry assays. By combining the detection of intracellular CD137 and de novo production of TNF and IFNγ after recognition of naturally-presented tumor antigens, we demonstrate that a larger fraction of tumor-specific and reactive CD8+ TILs can be detected in vitro compared to commonly used assays. This assay revealed multiple polyfunctionality-based clusters of both CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-specific reactive TILs. In situ, the combined detection of TNFRSF9, TNF, and IFNG identified most of the tumor-specific reactive TIL repertoire. In conclusion, we describe a straightforward method for efficient identification of the tumor-specific reactive TIL repertoire in vitro, which can be rapidly adopted in most cancer immunology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christopher Aled Chamberlain
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Shawez Khan
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Krisztian Papp
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Lauss
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuele Soraggi
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haja Dominike Radic
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Katja Harbst
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aishwarya Gokuldass
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Kverneland
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Istvan Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Manukian G, Kivolowitz C, DeAngelis T, Shastri AA, Savage JE, Camphausen K, Rodeck U, Zarif JC, Simone NL. Caloric Restriction Impairs Regulatory T cells Within the Tumor Microenvironment After Radiation and Primes Effector T cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:1341-1349. [PMID: 33647370 PMCID: PMC8286289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are poor and may be improved by increasing CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to augment antitumor immunity. Radiation (RT) can promote immunogenic cell death with increased antitumor T cell activity but also stimulates suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Because metabolic alterations affect immune homeostasis and prior studies show caloric restriction (CR) combined with RT improves preclinical TNBC outcomes, we hypothesized that CR augments RT, in part, by altering intratumoral immunity. Using an in vivo model of TNBC, we treated mice with ad libitum (AL) diet, radiation, a CR diet, or CR + RT, and demonstrated an immune suppressive environment with a significant increase in CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs after RT but not in CR-fed mice. CD8:Treg ratio in CR + RT TIL increased 4-fold compared with AL + RT mice. In vivo CD8 depletion was performed to assess the role of effector T cells in mitigating the effects of CR, and it was found that in mice undergoing CR, depletion of CD8 T cells resulted in increased tumor progression and decreased median survival compared with isotype control-treated mice. In addition, PD-1 expression on CD3+CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment was significantly increased in CR + RT versus AL + RT treated mice as per immunofluorescence. Serum from breast cancer patients undergoing RT alone or CR and RT was collected pre- and postintervention, and a cytokine array demonstrated that patients treated with CR + RT had notable decreases in immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-2Rγ, IL-10Rβ, and TGF-β2 and 3 compared with patients receiving RT alone. In conclusion, combining CR with RT decreases intratumoral Tregs, increases CD8:Treg, and increases PD-1 expression via a process dependent on CD8 T cells in a TNBC model. Breast cancer patients undergoing CR concurrently with RT also had significant reduction in immunosuppressive cytokine levels compared with those receiving RT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Manukian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles Kivolowitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiziana DeAngelis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anuradha A Shastri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason E Savage
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jelani C Zarif
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicole L Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Conti S, Kaczorowski KJ, Song G, Porter K, Andrabi R, Burton DR, Chakraborty AK, Karplus M. Design of immunogens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV targeting the CD4 binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018338118. [PMID: 33637649 PMCID: PMC7936365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018338118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A vaccine which is effective against the HIV virus is considered to be the best solution to the ongoing global HIV/AIDS epidemic. In the past thirty years, numerous attempts to develop an effective vaccine have been made with little or no success, due, in large part, to the high mutability of the virus. More recent studies showed that a vaccine able to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), that is, antibodies that can neutralize a high fraction of global virus variants, has promise to protect against HIV. Such a vaccine has been proposed to involve at least three separate stages: First, activate the appropriate precursor B cells; second, shepherd affinity maturation along pathways toward bnAbs; and, third, polish the Ab response to bind with high affinity to diverse HIV envelopes (Env). This final stage may require immunization with a mixture of Envs. In this paper, we set up a framework based on theory and modeling to design optimal panels of antigens to use in such a mixture. The designed antigens are characterized experimentally and are shown to be stable and to be recognized by known HIV antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kevin J Kaczorowski
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ge Song
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Katelyn Porter
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Arup K Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Martin Karplus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biophysique, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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7
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Szeto C, Bloom JI, Sloane H, Lobos CA, Fodor J, Jayasinghe D, Chatzileontiadou DSM, Grant EJ, Buckle AM, Gras S. Impact of HLA-DR Antigen Binding Cleft Rigidity on T Cell Recognition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197081. [PMID: 32992915 PMCID: PMC7582474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide (p)-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complexes is the critical first step in determining T cell responses. X-ray crystallographic studies of pHLA in TCR-bound and free states provide a structural perspective that can help understand T cell activation. These structures represent a static “snapshot”, yet the nature of pHLAs and their interactions with TCRs are highly dynamic. This has been demonstrated for HLA class I molecules with in silico techniques showing that some interactions, thought to stabilise pHLA-I, are only transient and prone to high flexibility. Here, we investigated the dynamics of HLA class II molecules by focusing on three allomorphs (HLA-DR1, -DR11 and -DR15) that are able to present the same epitope and activate CD4+ T cells. A single TCR (F24) has been shown to recognise all three HLA-DR molecules, albeit with different affinities. Using molecular dynamics and crystallographic ensemble refinement, we investigate the molecular basis of these different affinities and uncover hidden roles for HLA polymorphic residues. These polymorphisms were responsible for the widening of the antigen binding cleft and disruption of pHLA-TCR interactions, underpinning the hierarchy of F24 TCR binding affinity, and ultimately T cell activation. We expanded this approach to all available pHLA-DR structures and discovered that all HLA-DR molecules were inherently rigid. Together with in vitro protein stability and peptide affinity measurements, our results suggest that HLA-DR1 possesses inherently high protein stability, and low HLA-DM susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Szeto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Joseph I. Bloom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Hannah Sloane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Christian A. Lobos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - James Fodor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Dhilshan Jayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Demetra S. M. Chatzileontiadou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Emma J. Grant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Ashley M. Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.S.); (J.I.B.); (H.S.); (C.A.L.); (J.F.); (D.J.); (D.S.M.C.); (E.J.G.); (A.M.B.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Graham N, Eisenhauer P, Diehl SA, Pierce KK, Whitehead SS, Durbin AP, Kirkpatrick BD, Sette A, Weiskopf D, Boyson JE, Botten JW. Rapid Induction and Maintenance of Virus-Specific CD8 + T EMRA and CD4 + T EM Cells Following Protective Vaccination Against Dengue Virus Challenge in Humans. Front Immunol 2020; 11:479. [PMID: 32265929 PMCID: PMC7105617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes serious human disease. The current lack of an effective vaccine to simultaneously protect against the four serotypes of DENV in seronegative individuals is a major unmet medical need. Further, the immunological basis for protective immunity in the setting of DENV infection or vaccination is not fully understood. Our team has developed a live attenuated tetravalent dengue virus vaccine that provides complete protection in a human model of dengue virus challenge. The goal of this study was to define, in the context of protective human vaccination, the quality of vaccine-induced DENV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and the temporal dynamics associated with their formation and maintenance. Multifunctional, DENV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells developed 8-14 days after vaccination and were maintained for at least 6 months. Virus-specific CD8 T+ cells were a mixture of effector memory T cells (TEM) and effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA), with TEM cells predominating until day 21 post-vaccination and TEMRA cells thereafter. The majority of virus-specific CD4+ T cells were TEM with a small fraction being TEMRA. The frequency of virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were further skewed to the TEMRA phenotype following either a second dose of the tetravalent vaccine or challenge with a single serotype of DENV. Collectively, our study has defined the phenotypic profile of antiviral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells associated with protective immunity to DENV infection and the kinetics of their formation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Phil Eisenhauer
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sean A. Diehl
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kristen K. Pierce
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Stephen S. Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Beth D. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Boyson
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jason W. Botten
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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9
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Ting YT, Dahal-Koirala S, Kim HSK, Qiao SW, Neumann RS, Lundin KEA, Petersen J, Reid HH, Sollid LM, Rossjohn J. A molecular basis for the T cell response in HLA-DQ2.2 mediated celiac disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020. [PMID: 31974305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas1914308117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly homologous human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 molecules, HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ2.2, are implicated in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CeD) by presenting gluten peptides to CD4+ T cells. However, while HLA-DQ2.5 is strongly associated with disease, HLA-DQ2.2 is not, and the molecular basis underpinning this differential disease association is unresolved. We here provide structural evidence for how the single polymorphic residue (HLA-DQ2.5-Tyr22α and HLA-DQ2.2-Phe22α) accounts for HLA-DQ2.2 additionally requiring gluten epitopes possessing a serine at the P3 position of the peptide. In marked contrast to the biased T cell receptor (TCR) usage associated with HLA-DQ2.5-mediated CeD, we demonstrate with extensive single-cell sequencing that a diverse TCR repertoire enables recognition of the immunodominant HLA-DQ2.2-glut-L1 epitope. The crystal structure of two CeD patient-derived TCR in complex with HLA-DQ2.2 and DQ2.2-glut-L1 (PFSEQEQPV) revealed a docking strategy, and associated interatomic contacts, which was notably distinct from the structures of the TCR:HLA-DQ2.5:gliadin epitope complexes. Accordingly, while the molecular surfaces of the antigen-binding clefts of HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ2.2 are very similar, differences in the nature of the peptides presented translates to differences in responding T cell repertoires and the nature of engagement of the respective antigen-presenting molecules, which ultimately is associated with differing disease penetrance.
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MESH Headings
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Celiac Disease/genetics
- Celiac Disease/immunology
- Celiac Disease/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Glutens/chemistry
- Glutens/immunology
- Glutens/metabolism
- HLA-DQ Antigens/chemistry
- HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DQ Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian Ting
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hui Shi Keshia Kim
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralf S Neumann
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom
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10
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Kroidl I, Chachage M, Mnkai J, Nsojo A, Berninghoff M, Verweij JJ, Maganga L, Ntinginya NE, Maboko L, Clowes P, Hoelscher M, Saathoff E, Geldmacher C. Wuchereria bancrofti infection is linked to systemic activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007623. [PMID: 31425508 PMCID: PMC6736309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Susceptibility to HIV has been linked to systemic CD4+ T cell activation in cohorts of seronegative individuals with high HIV-exposure risk. We recently described an increased risk of HIV transmission in individuals infected with Wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent for lymphatic filariasis, in a prospective cohort study. However, the reason for this phenomenon needs further investigation. Methodology/Principal findings Two-hundred and thirty-five HIV negative adults were tested using Trop Bio ELISA for detection of W. bancrofti infection and Kato Katz urine filtration and stool based RT-PCR for detection of soil transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis. FACS analysis of the fresh peripheral whole blood was used to measure T cell activation markers (HLA-DR, CD38), differentiation markers (CD45, CD27), markers for regulatory T cells (FoxP3, CD25) and the HIV entry receptor CCR5. Frequencies of activated HLA-DRpos CD4 T cells were significantly increased in subjects with W. bancrofti infection (n = 33 median: 10.71%) compared to subjects without any helminth infection (n = 42, median 6.97%, p = 0.011) or those with other helminths (Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm) (n = 151, median 7.38%, p = 0.009). Similarly, a significant increase in HLA-DRposCD38pos CD4 T cells and effector memory cells CD4 T cells (CD45ROposCD27neg) was observed in filarial infected participants. Multivariable analyses further confirmed a link between W. bancrofti infection and systemic activation of CD4 T cells independent of age, fever, gender or other helminth infections. Conclusions/Significance W. bancrofti infection is linked to systemic CD4 T cell activation, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility of W. bancrofti infected individuals to HIV infection. The importance of CD4 T cell activation for HIV susceptibility has been emphasized in several studies focusing on HIV transmission and prevention. Particularly, activated HLA-DR+ CD4 T cells may play a major role in HIV susceptibility. In this analysis we describe systemic activation of CD4 T cells in individuals infected with W. bancrofti the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis. This helminth disease leads to debilitating pathology in some of the individuals; however, the majority of infected persons remain asymptomatic. We recently described an increased HIV incidence in subjects infected with W. bancrofti compared to uninfected individuals from the same area. To decipher underlying reasons for this phenomenon, we measured immune activation parameters in CD4 and CD8 T cells. The increased percentage of HLADR positive and HLADR/CD38 positive CD4 T cells and also effector memory CD4 T cells that we describe here could be a possible mechanism to explain our previous findings of increased HIV incidence in individuals infected with this filarial nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Germany
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Mkunde Chachage
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Germany
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Jonathan Mnkai
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Anthony Nsojo
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Myrna Berninghoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Germany
| | - Jaco J. Verweij
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Maganga
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Nyanda E. Ntinginya
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Leonard Maboko
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Petra Clowes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Germany
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Germany
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Mbeya, Tanzania
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
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11
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Phetsouphanh C, Aldridge D, Marchi E, Munier CML, Meyerowitz J, Murray L, Van Vuuren C, Goedhals D, Fidler S, Kelleher A, Klenerman P, Frater J. Maintenance of Functional CD57+ Cytolytic CD4+ T Cells in HIV+ Elite Controllers. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1844. [PMID: 31440240 PMCID: PMC6694780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic CD4+ T cells play a prominent role in chronic viral infection. CD4+ CTLs clones specific for HIV-1 Nef and Gag are capable of killing HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Additionally, HIV-specific cytolytic CD4+ T cell responses in acute HIV infection are predictive of disease progression. CD57 expression on CD4s identifies cytolytic cells. These cells were dramatically increased in chronic HIV infection. CD57 expression correlated with cytolytic granules, granzyme B and perforin expression. They express lower CCR5 compared to CD57- cells, have less HIV total DNA, and were a minor component of the HIV reservoir. A small percentage of CD57+ CD4+ CTLs from EC were HIV-specific, could upregulate IFNγ with Gag peptide stimulation, express cytolytic granule markers and maintain TbethighEomes+ transcription factor phenotype. This was not observed in viraemic controllers. The maintenance of HIV-specific CD4 cytolytic function in Elite controllers together with CD8 CTLs may be important for the control of HIV viraemia and of potential relevance to cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Aldridge
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mee Ling Munier
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodi Meyerowitz
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Murray
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dominique Goedhals
- National Health Laboratory Service, Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Anthony Kelleher
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Gonzalo-Gil E, Rapuano PB, Ikediobi U, Leibowitz R, Mehta S, Coskun AK, Porterfield JZ, Lampkin TD, Marconi VC, Rimland D, Walker BD, Deeks S, Sutton RE. Transcriptional down-regulation of ccr5 in a subset of HIV+ controllers and their family members. eLife 2019; 8:e44360. [PMID: 30964004 PMCID: PMC6456299 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV +Elite and Viremic controllers (EC/VCs) are able to control virus infection, perhaps because of host genetic determinants. We identified 16% (21 of 131) EC/VCs with CD4 +T cells with resistance specific to R5-tropic HIV, reversed after introduction of ccr5. R5 resistance was not observed in macrophages and depended upon the method of T cell activation. CD4 +T cells of these EC/VCs had lower ccr2 and ccr5 RNA levels, reduced CCR2 and CCR5 cell-surface expression, and decreased levels of secreted chemokines. T cells had no changes in chemokine receptor mRNA half-life but instead had lower levels of active transcription of ccr2 and ccr5, despite having more accessible chromatin by ATAC-seq. Other nearby genes were also down-regulated, over a region of ~500 kb on chromosome 3p21. This same R5 resistance phenotype was observed in family members of an index VC, also associated with ccr2/ccr5 down-regulation, suggesting that the phenotype is heritable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gonzalo-Gil
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Patrick B Rapuano
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Uchenna Ikediobi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Rebecca Leibowitz
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis Bioinformatics groupYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Ayse K Coskun
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - J Zachary Porterfield
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Teagan D Lampkin
- Infectious Diseases SectionDallas VA Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - David Rimland
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Steven Deeks
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Richard E Sutton
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
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13
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Howe CG, Zhou M, Wang X, Pittman GS, Thompson IJ, Campbell MR, Bastain TM, Grubbs BH, Salam MT, Hoyo C, Bell DA, Smith AD, Breton CV. Associations between Maternal Tobacco Smoke Exposure and the Cord Blood [Formula: see text] DNA Methylome. Environ Health Perspect 2019; 127:047009. [PMID: 31039056 PMCID: PMC6785223 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal tobacco smoke exposure has been associated with altered DNA methylation. However, previous studies largely used methylation arrays, which cover a small fraction of CpGs, and focused on whole cord blood. OBJECTIVES The current study examined the impact of in utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoke on the cord blood [Formula: see text] DNA methylome. METHODS The methylomes of 20 Hispanic white newborns ([Formula: see text] exposed to any maternal tobacco smoke in pregnancy; [Formula: see text] unexposed) from the Maternal and Child Health Study (MACHS) were profiled by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (median coverage: [Formula: see text]). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Regression Analysis of Differential Methylation (RADMeth) program because it performs well on low-coverage data (minimizes false positives and negatives). RESULTS We found that 10,381 CpGs were differentially methylated by tobacco smoke exposure [neighbor-adjusted p-values that are additionally corrected for multiple testing based on the Benjamini-Hochberg method for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) [Formula: see text]]. From these CpGs, RADMeth identified 557 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that were overrepresented ([Formula: see text]) in important regulatory regions, including enhancers. Of nine DMRs that could be queried in a reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) study of adult [Formula: see text] cells ([Formula: see text] smokers; [Formula: see text] nonsmokers), four replicated ([Formula: see text]). Additionally, a CpG in the promoter of SLC7A8 (percent methylation difference: [Formula: see text] comparing exposed to unexposed) replicated ([Formula: see text]) in an EPIC (Illumina) array study of cord blood [Formula: see text] cells ([Formula: see text] exposed to sustained maternal tobacco smoke; [Formula: see text] unexposed) and in a study of adult [Formula: see text] cells across two platforms (EPIC: [Formula: see text] smokers; [Formula: see text] nonsmokers; 450K: [Formula: see text] smokers; [Formula: see text] nonsmokers). CONCLUSIONS Maternal tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy is associated with cord blood [Formula: see text] DNA methylation in key regulatory regions, including enhancers. While we used a method that performs well on low-coverage data, we cannot exclude the possibility that some results may be false positives. However, we identified a differentially methylated CpG in amino acid transporter SLC7A8 that is highly reproducible, which may be sensitive to cigarette smoke in both cord blood and adult [Formula: see text] cells. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G. Howe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xuting Wang
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary S. Pittman
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Isabel J. Thompson
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle R. Campbell
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Muhammad T. Salam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Kern Medical, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas A. Bell
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Mahajan VS, Alsufyani F, Mattoo H, Rosenberg I, Pillai S. Alterations in sialic-acid O-acetylation glycoforms during murine erythrocyte development. Glycobiology 2019; 29:222-228. [PMID: 30597004 PMCID: PMC6381321 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used Casd1-deficient mice to confirm that this enzyme is responsible for 9-O-acetylation of sialic acids in vivo. We observed a complete loss of 9-O-acetylation of sialic acid on the surface of myeloid, erythroid and CD4+ T cells in Casd1-deficient mice. Although 9-O-acetylation of sialic acids on multiple hematopoietic lineages was lost, there were no obvious defects in hematopoiesis. Interestingly, erythrocytes from Casd1-deficient mice also lost reactivity to TER-119, a rat monoclonal antibody that is widely used to mark the murine erythroid lineage. The sialic acid glyco-epitope recognized by TER-119 on erythrocytes was sensitive to the sialic acid O-acetyl esterase activity of the hemagglutinin-esterase from bovine coronavirus but not to the corresponding enzyme from the influenza C virus. During erythrocyte development, TER-119+ Ery-A and Ery-B cells could be stained by catalytically inactive bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase but not by the inactive influenza C hemagglutinin-esterase, while TER-119+ Ery-C cells and mature erythrocytes were recognized by both virolectins. Although the structure of the sialoglycoconjugate recognized by TER-119 was not chemically demonstrated, its selective binding to virolectins suggests that it may be comprised of a 7,9-di-O-acetyl form of sialic acid. As erythrocytes mature, the surfaces of Ery-C cells and mature erythrocytes also acquire an additional distinct CASD1-dependent 9-O-acetyl sialic acid moiety that can be recognized by virolectins from both influenza C and bovine coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hamid Mattoo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ian Rosenberg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Manku S, Wong W, Luo Z, Seidman MA, Alabdurubalnabi Z, Rey K, Enns W, Avina-Zubieta JA, Shojania K, Choy JC. IL-6 expression is correlated with increased T-cell proliferation and survival in the arterial wall in giant cell arteritis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 33:55-61. [PMID: 29414433 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis in adults affecting large and medium-sized arteries. IL-6 and T cell accumulation within the arterial wall contribute to the pathogenesis of GCA, and blockade of IL-6 activity is efficacious in its treatment. We examined the relationship between levels of IL-6 expression and immunological processes that control the expansion of T cells in GCA-positive temporal artery biopsies. CD4 T cells accumulated in clusters within the media and deep intima of all GCA lesions. There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of IL-6 mRNA and increased frequency of proliferating CD4 T cells. The expansion of T cells can be inhibited by T regs but IL-6 expression was not correlated with differences in T reg accumulation. Increased IL-6 levels were also significantly correlated with lower frequencies of CD4 T cells undergoing apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, IL-6 may contribute to the accumulation of CD4 T cells in GCA by supporting their proliferation and survival within the arterial wall through mechanisms that are independent of effects on local T reg expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Manku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy Wong
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zongshu Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael A Seidman
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Winnie Enns
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Antonio Avina-Zubieta
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kamran Shojania
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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16
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Newman JRB, Conesa A, Mika M, New FN, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Atkinson MA, Rich SS, McIntyre LM, Concannon P. Disease-specific biases in alternative splicing and tissue-specific dysregulation revealed by multitissue profiling of lymphocyte gene expression in type 1 diabetes. Genome Res 2017; 27:1807-1815. [PMID: 29025893 PMCID: PMC5668939 DOI: 10.1101/gr.217984.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple, shared allelic associations with many autoimmune diseases. However, the pathogenic contributions of variants residing in risk loci remain unresolved. The location of the majority of shared disease-associated variants in noncoding regions suggests they contribute to risk of autoimmunity through effects on gene expression in the immune system. In the current study, we test this hypothesis by applying RNA sequencing to CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocyte populations isolated from 81 subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We characterize and compare the expression patterns across these cell types for three gene sets: all genes, the set of genes implicated in autoimmune disease risk by GWAS, and the subset of these genes specifically implicated in T1D. We performed RNA sequencing and aligned the reads to both the human reference genome and a catalog of all possible splicing events developed from the genome, thereby providing a comprehensive evaluation of the roles of gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) in autoimmunity. Autoimmune candidate genes displayed greater expression specificity in the three lymphocyte populations relative to other genes, with significantly increased levels of splicing events, particularly those predicted to have substantial effects on protein isoform structure and function (e.g., intron retention, exon skipping). The majority of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within T1D-associated loci were also associated with one or more cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) and/or splicing eQTLs. Our findings highlight a substantial, and previously underrecognized, role for AS in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and particularly for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R B Newman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Matthew Mika
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Felicia N New
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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17
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Freer H, Hillegas JM, Wimer C, Baldwin C, LaBresh J, Wagner B. A monoclonal antibody for detection of intracellular and secreted interleukin-2 in horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 191:30-35. [PMID: 28895863 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a T cell growth factor and major modulator of T helper (Th) cell differentiation. Here, we have developed and characterized a monoclonal antibody to equine IL-2 (anti-IL-2 mAb, clone 158-1). The IL-2 mAb detected rIL-2 by ELISA, intracellular staining and flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting. The IL-2 mAb was also paired with a polyclonal IL-2 detection antibody in both ELISA and a fluorescent bead-based assay. When these two assays were compared using identical reagents there was an improved analytical sensitivity (46pg/ml) and wider linear quantification range (46-100,000pg/ml) of IL-2 quantification using the fluorescent bead assay. Equine rIL-2 standards were expressed in both yeast and mammalian cells but the mammalian cell-expressed rIL-2 standard was found to be most accurate for native IL-2 quantification. Using this system we found that stimulation of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin induced IL-2 secretion most potently. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) consistently resulted in low amounts of IL-2 from PBMC, while concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either marginally stimulated or failed to stimulate IL-2 secretion from equine PBMC. After stimulation of equine PBMC with PMA and ionomycin, IL-2 production was detected in 13.0% (range 7.5-16.8%) of the lymphocytes by flow cytometric analysis. IL-2 expression was mainly stimulated in CD4+ cells, in a sub-population of CD8+ cells, and also in CD4-/CD8- cell population. In addition, both IFN-γ+/IL-2+ and IL-4+/IL-2+ producing cells were observed. Testing of serum and colostrum samples from 15 healthy horses showed that IL-2 was not detectable in these samples (<46pg/ml). In summary, the equine IL-2 mAb provides a new tool for the characterization of IL-2 producing equine cells and the quantification of secreted equine IL-2 in sensitive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Freer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia M Hillegas
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christine Wimer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Baldwin
- Paige Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Recent insights into the importance of mechanosensing and force transmission at the immune synapse have spurred increased interest in the mechanical properties of leukocyte cell-cell interactions. In this chapter, we describe an imaging-based strategy for measuring cellular forces that utilizes optically transparent arrays of flexible micropillars. This approach has several distinct advantages over standard traction force microscopy, and we anticipate that it will prove very useful for investigators who wish not only to quantify ligand-induced forces with high spatiotemporal resolution but also to place those forces within the context of a broader cell biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Charles T Black
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 1275 York Ave, NY, 10065, USA.
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19
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Valvo S, Mayya V, Seraia E, Afrose J, Novak-Kotzer H, Ebner D, Dustin ML. Comprehensive Analysis of Immunological Synapse Phenotypes Using Supported Lipid Bilayers. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1584:423-441. [PMID: 28255717 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6881-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers (SLB) formed on glass substrates have been a useful tool for study of immune cell signaling since the early 1980s. The mobility of lipid-anchored proteins in the system, first described for antibodies binding to synthetic phospholipid head groups, allows for the measurement of two-dimensional binding reactions and signaling processes in a single imaging plane over time or for fixed samples. The fragility of SLB and the challenges of building and validating individual substrates limit most experimenters to ~10 samples per day, perhaps increasing this few-fold when examining fixed samples. Successful experiments might then require further days to fully analyze. We present methods for automation of many steps in SLB formation, imaging in 96-well glass bottom plates, and analysis that enables >100-fold increase in throughput for fixed samples and wide-field fluorescence. This increased throughput will allow better coverage of relevant parameters and more comprehensive analysis of aspects of the immunological synapse that are well reconstituted by SLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Valvo
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Elena Seraia
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jehan Afrose
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Hila Novak-Kotzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
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20
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Benoit BM, Jariwala N, O'Connor G, Oetjen LK, Whelan TM, Werth A, Troxel AB, Sicard H, Zhu L, Miller C, Takeshita J, McVicar DW, Kim BS, Rook AH, Wysocka M. CD164 identifies CD4 + T cells highly expressing genes associated with malignancy in Sézary syndrome: the Sézary signature genes, FCRL3, Tox, and miR-214. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:11-19. [PMID: 27766406 PMCID: PMC5357118 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS), a leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), is associated with a significantly shorter life expectancy compared to skin-restricted mycosis fungoides. Early diagnosis of SS is, therefore, key to achieving enhanced therapeutic responses. However, the lack of a biomarker(s) highly specific for malignant CD4+ T cells in SS patients has been a serious obstacle in making an early diagnosis. We recently demonstrated the high expression of CD164 on CD4+ T cells from Sézary syndrome patients with a wide range of circulating tumor burdens. To further characterize CD164 as a potential biomarker for malignant CD4+ T cells, CD164+ and CD164-CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with high-circulating tumor burden, B2 stage, and medium/low tumor burden, B1-B0 stage, were assessed for the expression of genes reported to differentiate SS from normal controls, and associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. The expression of Sézary signature genes: T plastin, GATA-3, along with FCRL3, Tox, and miR-214, was significantly higher, whereas STAT-4 was lower, in CD164+ compared with CD164-CD4+ T cells. While Tox was highly expressed in both B2 and B1-B0 patients, the expression of Sézary signature genes, FCRL3, and miR-214 was associated predominantly with advanced B2 disease. High expression of CD164 mRNA and protein was also detected in skin from CTCL patients. CD164 was co-expressed with KIR3DL2 on circulating CD4+ T cells from high tumor burden SS patients, further providing strong support for CD164 as a disease relevant surface biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice M Benoit
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neha Jariwala
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Geraldine O'Connor
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Landon K Oetjen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy M Whelan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrienne Werth
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrea B Troxel
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène Sicard
- Innate Pharma, Research and Drug Development, Marseille, France
| | - Lisa Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Junko Takeshita
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maria Wysocka
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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21
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Wee YM, Jung JH, Kim YH, Choi MY, Kim YH, Choi DS, Cho MH, Han DJ. Involvement of indirectly allostimulated CD4+CD43highCD45RO+ T cell proliferation in the development of chronic allograft nephropathy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1217-28. [PMID: 26350952 PMCID: PMC4950307 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215601522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify immunological markers for use in antigen-specific assays that predict long-term survival after renal allograft and distinguish stable-functioning (SP) patients from poorly functioning (PP) patients. For this prospective study, 20 patients were enrolled. Eight SP and six PP patients were enrolled in this study. Serum cytokine/chemokine levels were analyzed by the Luminex multiplex assay. To detect indirect alloreactive T cells, we performed indirect mixed lymphocyte reaction using donor-antigen-pulsed autologous dendritic cells as stimulators. Serum induced protein-10 levels were significantly higher in the serum of PP patients, whereas sCD40L levels were higher in SP patients. The PP patients had significantly higher numbers of donor-specific CD4(+)CD43(high)CD45RO(+) T cells after indirect allostimulation, whereas this cell population was unchanged in SP patients. The donor-specific CD4(+)CD43(high)CD45RO(+) T cells had the effector memory T cell phenotype. Prospectively, we studied whether these cells influence graft outcome and found that their strong proliferation in pre-transplant patients is related to a poorly functioning graft. Indirectly allostimulated CD4(+)CD43(high)CD45RO(+) T cells may not only contribute to chronic allograft nephropathy development but may also have a role in the progression of acute rejection. Thus, these cells may have potential use as immune-monitoring markers in a noninvasive in vitro assay that predicts graft outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mee Wee
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea Department of Biological Science, Konkuk University, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Jung
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Monica-Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Do-Sook Choi
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Cho
- Department of Biological Science, Konkuk University, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Duck-Jong Han
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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22
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Eberhardt KA, Sarfo FS, Dompreh A, Kuffour EO, Geldmacher C, Soltau M, Schachscheider M, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM, Häussinger D, Bedu-Addo G, Phillips RO, Norman B, Burchard GD, Feldt T. Helicobacter pylori Coinfection Is Associated With Decreased Markers of Immune Activation in ART-Naive HIV-Positive and in HIV-Negative Individuals in Ghana. Clin Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26195015 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients has been associated with higher CD4+ cell counts and lower HIV-1 viral loads, with the underlying mechanisms being unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of H. pylori infection on markers of T-cell activation in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. METHODS In a cross-sectional, observational study, HIV patients (n = 457) and HIV-negative blood donors (n = 79) presenting to an HIV clinic in Ghana were enrolled. Data on clinical and sociodemographic parameters, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts, and HIV-1 viral load were recorded. Helicobacter pylori status was tested using a stool antigen test. Cell surface and intracellular markers related to T-cell immune activation and turnover were quantified by flow cytometry and compared according to HIV and H. pylori status. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with decreased markers of CD4+ T-cell activation (HLA-DR+CD38+CD4+; 22.55% vs 32.70%; P = .002), cell proliferation (Ki67; 15.10% vs 26.80%; P = .016), and immune exhaustion (PD-1; 32.45% vs 40.00%; P = .005) in 243 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients, but not in 214 patients on ART. In HIV-negative individuals, H. pylori infection was associated with decreased frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (6.31% vs 10.40%; P = .014 and 18.70% vs 34.85%, P = .006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that H. pylori coinfection effectuates a systemic immune modulatory effect with decreased T-cell activation in HIV-positive, ART-naive patients but also in HIV-negative individuals. This finding might, in part, explain the observed association of H. pylori infection with favorable parameters of HIV disease progression. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01897909.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Edmund Osei Kuffour
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (Ludwig Maximilian University [LMU]) German Centre for Infection Research (partner site), Munich
| | - Mareike Soltau
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marei Schachscheider
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
| | - George Bedu-Addo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gerd Dieter Burchard
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
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23
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Naik A, Goel A, Agrawal V, Sarangi AN, Chhavi N, Singh V, Jameel S, Aggarwal R. Changes in gene expression in liver tissue from patients with fulminant hepatitis E. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8032-8042. [PMID: 26185374 PMCID: PMC4499345 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study host gene expression and number of immune cells in liver tissues from patients with fulminant hepatitis E (FH-E).
METHODS: Microarray-based expression profiling was done using Illumina Human WG-6_v3_BeadChip arrays on post-mortem liver tissue from 5 patients with FH-E, and compared with similar tissue from 6 patients with fulminant hepatitis B (FH-B; disease controls) and normal liver tissue from 6 persons. Differential expression was defined as ≥ 2.0-fold change with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate below 0.05 using t-test in liver tissue from FH-B and FH-E, than healthy liver tissue. For some genes that showed differential expression in FH-E, microarray data were validated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Differentially expressed gene lists were then subjected to “Gene Ontology” analysis for biological processes, and pathway analysis using BioCarta database on the DAVID server. In addition, tissue sections were stained for CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells using indirect immunohistochemistry; cells staining positive for each of these markers were counted and compared between groups.
RESULTS: Compared to normal livers, those from patients with FH-E and FH-B showed differential expression of 3377 entities (up-regulated 1703, downregulated 1674) and 2572 entities (up 1164, down 1408), respectively. This included 2142 (up 896, down 1246) entities that were common between the two sets; most of these belonged to metabolic, hemostatic and complement pathways, which are active in normal livers. Gene expression data from livers of patients with FH-E but not those of FH-B showed activation of several immune response pathways, particularly those involving cytotoxic T cells. The fold-change values of mRNA for selected genes in livers from FH-E than in normal liver tissue determined using quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed excellent concordance with microarray analysis. At immunohistochemistry, CD8+ T cells showed an increase in liver biopsies from both FH-E [median 53.4 per arbitrary unit area (range 31.2-99.9)] and FH-B [median 49.3 (19.3-51.0); P = 0.005] compared to control liver tissue [median 6.9 (3.1-14.9)].
CONCLUSION: FH-E patients show CD8+ T cell infiltration and increased gene expression of cytotoxic T cell pathways in liver, suggesting a possible pathogenetic role for these cells.
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Adekambi T, Ibegbu CC, Cagle S, Kalokhe AS, Wang YF, Hu Y, Day CL, Ray SM, Rengarajan J. Biomarkers on patient T cells diagnose active tuberculosis and monitor treatment response. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1827-38. [PMID: 25822019 DOI: 10.1172/jci77990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification and treatment of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health priority. Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary active TB (ATB) disease remains challenging and relies on extensive medical evaluation and detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the patient's sputum. Further, the response to treatment is monitored by sputum culture conversion, which takes several weeks for results. Here, we sought to identify blood-based host biomarkers associated with ATB and hypothesized that immune activation markers on Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells would be associated with Mtb load in vivo and could thus provide a gauge of Mtb infection. METHODS Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we evaluated the expression of immune activation markers on Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells from individuals with asymptomatic latent Mtb infection (LTBI) and ATB as well as from ATB patients undergoing anti-TB treatment. RESULTS Frequencies of Mtb-specific IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells that expressed immune activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR as well as intracellular proliferation marker Ki-67 were substantially higher in subjects with ATB compared with those with LTBI. These markers accurately classified ATB and LTBI status, with cutoff values of 18%, 60%, and 5% for CD38+IFN-γ+, HLA-DR+IFN-γ+, and Ki-67+IFN-γ+, respectively, with 100% specificity and greater than 96% sensitivity. These markers also distinguished individuals with untreated ATB from those who had successfully completed anti-TB treatment and correlated with decreasing mycobacterial loads during treatment. CONCLUSION We have identified host blood-based biomarkers on Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells that discriminate between ATB and LTBI and provide a set of tools for monitoring treatment response and cure. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration is not required for observational studies. FUNDING This study was funded by Emory University, the NIH, and the Yerkes National Primate Center.
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Jaskula E, Dlubek D, Tarnowska A, Lange J, Mordak-Domagala M, Suchnicki K, Sedzimirska M, Borowik A, Mizia S, Lange A. Anti-CMV-IgG positivity of donors is beneficial for alloHSCT recipients with respect to the better short-term immunological recovery and high level of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes. Viruses 2015; 7:1391-408. [PMID: 25807050 PMCID: PMC4379577 DOI: 10.3390/v7031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (anti-CMV-IgG) positive donors facilitated immunological recovery post-transplant, which may indicate that chronic CMV infection has an effect on the immune system. This can be seen in the recipients after reconstitution with donor lymphocytes. We evaluated the composition of lymphocytes at hematologic recovery in 99 patients with hematologic malignancies post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Anti-CMV-IgG seropositivity of the donor was associated with higher proportions of CD4+ (227.963 ± 304.858 × 106 vs. 102.050 ± 17.247 × 106 cells/L, p = 0.009) and CD4+CD25high (3.456 ± 0.436 × 106 vs. 1.589 ± 0.218 × 106 cells/L, p = 0.003) lymphocytes in the blood at hematologic recovery. The latter parameter exerted a diverse influence on the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) if low (1.483 ± 0.360 × 106 vs. 3.778 ± 0.484 × 106 cells/L, p < 0.001) and de novo chronic GvHD (cGvHD) if high (3.778 ± 0.780 × 106 vs. 2.042 ± 0.261 × 106 cells/L, p = 0.041). Higher values of CD4+ lymphocytes in patients who received transplants from anti-CMV-IgG-positive donors translated into a reduced demand for IgG support (23/63 vs. 19/33, p = 0.048), and these patients also exhibited reduced susceptibility to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or human herpes 6 virus (HHV6) infection/reactivation (12/50 vs. 21/47, p = 0.032). Finally, high levels (³0.4%) of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes were significantly associated with better post-transplant survival (56% vs. 38%, four-year survival, p = 0.040). Donors who experience CMV infection/reactivation provide the recipients with lymphocytes, which readily reinforce the recovery of the transplanted patients' immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Jaskula
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Dorota Dlubek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Tarnowska
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Janusz Lange
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Monika Mordak-Domagala
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Suchnicki
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Mariola Sedzimirska
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Agata Borowik
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Mizia
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Lange
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
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Stebbings R, Wang L, Sutherland J, Kammel M, Gaigalas AK, John M, Roemer B, Kuhne M, Schneider RJ, Braun M, Engel A, Dikshit DK, Abbasi F, Marti GE, Sassi MP, Revel L, Kim SK, Baradez MO, Lekishvili T, Marshall D, Whitby L, Jing W, Ost V, Vonsky M, Neukammer J. Quantification of cells with specific phenotypes I: determination of CD4+ cell count per microliter in reconstituted lyophilized human PBMC prelabeled with anti-CD4 FITC antibody. Cytometry A 2015; 87:244-53. [PMID: 25655255 PMCID: PMC4654269 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A surface-labeled lyophilized lymphocyte (sLL) preparation has been developed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells prelabeled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. The sLL preparation is intended to be used as a reference material for CD4+ cell counting including the development of higher order reference measurement procedures and has been evaluated in the pilot study CCQM-P102. This study was conducted across 16 laboratories from eight countries to assess the ability of participants to quantify the CD4+ cell count of this reference material and to document cross-laboratory variability plus associated measurement uncertainties. Twelve different flow cytometer platforms were evaluated using a standard protocol that included calibration beads used to obtain quantitative measurements of CD4+ T cell counts. There was good overall cross-platform and counting method agreement with a grand mean of the laboratory calculated means of (301.7 ± 4.9) μL(-1) CD4+ cells. Excluding outliers, greater than 90% of participant data agreed within ±15%. A major contribution to variation of sLL CD4+ cell counts was tube to tube variation of the calibration beads, amounting to an uncertainty of 3.6%. Variation due to preparative steps equated to an uncertainty of 2.6%. There was no reduction in variability when data files were centrally reanalyzed. Remaining variation was attributed to instrument specific differences. CD4+ cell counts obtained in CCQM-P102 are in excellent agreement and show the robustness of both the measurements and the data analysis and hence the suitability of sLL as a reference material for interlaboratory comparisons and external quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stebbings
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
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Meijerink H, Indrati AR, Soedarmo S, Utami F, de Jong CAJ, Alisjahbana B, van Crevel R, Wisaksana R, Van der Ven AJAM. Heroin use in Indonesia is associated with higher expression of CCR5 on CD4+ cells and lower ex-vivo production of CCR5 ligands. AIDS 2015; 29:385-388. [PMID: 25834861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use may affect HIV infection through altered expression of HIV co-receptors. This was examined in Indonesia among antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV patients, many of whom use drugs. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression on CD4+ cells was higher in heroin (P = 0.007), methadone (P = 0.024) and former opioid users (P = 0.003) compared to nonusers, whereas production of RANTES and other CCR5 ligands was similar or lower. This suggests that opioids can affect HIV susceptibility through up-regulation of CCR5 or down-regulation of its ligands.
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Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is responsible for receptor recognition and viral fusion with CD4(+) T cells, and is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies. Thus, understanding its molecular architecture is of significant interest. However, the Env trimer has proved to be a challenging target for 3D structure determination. Recent electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray structures have at last enabled us to decipher the structural complexity and unique features of the Env trimer, and how it is recognized by an ever-expanding arsenal of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies. We describe our current knowledge of the Env trimer structure in the context of exciting recent developments in the identification and characterization of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
In this work we describe a one-step approach for incorporating a red fluorophore (2SBPO) into core-shell nanoparticles for metal-enhanced fluorescence immunolabels. The 2SBPO-MEF nanoparticles are particularly attractive as cell labels because their ∼ 670 nm emission has minimal overlap with cell autofluorescence and from overlap with many conventional probes. 2SBPO was incorporated through physical entrapment during the Stöber process. Antibody-based cell labels were then synthesized using covalent linkage. The nanoparticle fluorescence was 7.5-fold higher than control nanoparticles lacking a metal core. We demonstrated labeling of CD4 + HuT 78 T lymphocytes using anti-CD4-conjugated nanoparticle labels. Cells labeled with anti-CD4 nanoparticles showed a 35-fold fluorescence signal compared to anti-CD4 coreless controls. This simple synthesis protocol can be applied to a variety of hydrophilic fluorophore types and has broad potential in bioanalytical and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicong Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
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Tebas P, Stein D, Tang WW, Frank I, Wang SQ, Lee G, Spratt SK, Surosky RT, Giedlin MA, Nichol G, Holmes MC, Gregory PD, Ando DG, Kalos M, Collman RG, Binder-Scholl G, Plesa G, Hwang WT, Levine BL, June CH. Gene editing of CCR5 in autologous CD4 T cells of persons infected with HIV. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:901-10. [PMID: 24597865 PMCID: PMC4084652 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1300662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 987] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCR5 is the major coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We investigated whether site-specific modification of the gene ("gene editing")--in this case, the infusion of autologous CD4 T cells in which the CCR5 gene was rendered permanently dysfunctional by a zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)--is safe. METHODS We enrolled 12 patients in an open-label, nonrandomized, uncontrolled study of a single dose of ZFN-modified autologous CD4 T cells. The patients had chronic aviremic HIV infection while they were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Six of them underwent an interruption in antiretroviral treatment 4 weeks after the infusion of 10 billion autologous CD4 T cells, 11 to 28% of which were genetically modified with the ZFN. The primary outcome was safety as assessed by treatment-related adverse events. Secondary outcomes included measures of immune reconstitution and HIV resistance. RESULTS One serious adverse event was associated with infusion of the ZFN-modified autologous CD4 T cells and was attributed to a transfusion reaction. The median CD4 T-cell count was 1517 per cubic millimeter at week 1, a significant increase from the preinfusion count of 448 per cubic millimeter (P<0.001). The median concentration of CCR5-modified CD4 T cells at 1 week was 250 cells per cubic millimeter. This constituted 8.8% of circulating peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and 13.9% of circulating CD4 T cells. Modified cells had an estimated mean half-life of 48 weeks. During treatment interruption and the resultant viremia, the decline in circulating CCR5-modified cells (-1.81 cells per day) was significantly less than the decline in unmodified cells (-7.25 cells per day) (P=0.02). HIV RNA became undetectable in one of four patients who could be evaluated. The blood level of HIV DNA decreased in most patients. CONCLUSIONS CCR5-modified autologous CD4 T-cell infusions are safe within the limits of this study. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00842634.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Tebas
- From the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.T., I.F., M.K., R.G.C., G.B.-S., G.P., W.-T.H., B.L.L., C.H.J.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.S.); and Sangamo BioSciences, Richmond, CA (W.W.T., S.Q.W., G.L., S.K.S., R.T.S., M.A.G., G.N., M.C.H., P.D.G., D.G.A.)
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Saini C, Ramesh V, Nath I. Increase in TGF-β secreting CD4⁺CD25⁺ FOXP3⁺ T regulatory cells in anergic lepromatous leprosy patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2639. [PMID: 24454972 PMCID: PMC3894184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepromatous leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae is associated with antigen specific T cell unresponsiveness/anergy whose underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. We investigated the role of CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in both skin lesions and M.leprae stimulated PBMC cultures of 28 each of freshly diagnosed patients with borderline tuberculoid (BT) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) as well as 7 healthy household contacts of leprosy patients and 4 normal skin samples. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Quantitative reverse transcribed PCR (qPCR), immuno-histochemistry/flowcytometry and ELISA were used respectively for gene expression, phenotype characterization and cytokine levels in PBMC culture supernatants. Both skin lesions as well as in vitro antigen stimulated PBMC showed increased percentage/mean fluorescence intensity of cells and higher gene expression for FOXP3(+), TGF-β in lepromatous (p<0.01) as compared to tuberculoid leprosy patients. CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells (Tregs) were increased in unstimulated basal cultures (p<0.0003) and showed further increase in in vitro antigen but not mitogen (phytohemaglutinin) stimulated PBMC (iTreg) in lepromatous as compared to tuberculoid leprosy patients (p<0.002). iTregs of lepromatous patients showed intracellular TGF-β which was further confirmed by increase in TGF-β in culture supernatants (p<0.003). Furthermore, TGF-β in iTreg cells was associated with phosphorylation of STAT5A. TGF-β was seen in CD25(+) cells of the CD4(+) but not that of CD8(+) T cell lineage in leprosy patients. iTregs did not show intracellular IFN-γ or IL-17 in lepromatous leprosy patients. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that FOXP3(+) iTregs with TGF-β may down regulate T cell responses leading to the antigen specific anergy associated with lepromatous leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaman Saini
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkatesh Ramesh
- Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Indira Nath
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Meabed MH, Taha GM, Mohamed SO, El-Hadidy KS. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia: Flow cytometric determination of platelet-associated CD154/CD40L and CD40 on peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes. Hematology 2013; 12:301-7. [PMID: 17654056 DOI: 10.1080/10245330701383957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The CD40-CD40L system has pleiotropic effects in a variety of cells and biological processes including the immune response. Within the immune system, these molecules represent a critical link between its humoral and cellular arms. Immune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibody-induced platelet destruction and clearance due to anti-platelet autoantibodies, which bind to circulating platelets resulting in their destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. Despite its clinical importance, the diagnosis of ITP is one of exclusion, thus, inevitably associated with potential difficulties. CD40 is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor-receptor (TNF-R) family, and that was first identified and functionally characterized on B lymphocytes. CD40-ligand (CD40L/CD154), a member of the TNF superfamily, is a cell membrane molecule expressed on activated CD4 + T lymphocytes and is essential for the T cell-dependent activation of B lymphocytes. Therefore it is now thought that CD40-CD40L interactions play a more important role in ITP immune regulation. DESIGN AND METHODS The expressions of CD154 and CD40 on peripheral blood (PB) T and B lymphocytes, respectively, were measured using flow cytometry (FCM). An antigen-specific assay for platelet-associated CD154 (CD40L) on CD4 + T lymphocytes and for CD40 on CD19 + B lymphocytes was tested in 30 pediatric patients with acute ITP, 30 adult patients with chronic ITP, and in 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS The expression of CD4 + CD154+ and CD4 + CD154+/CD4+ on PB T lymphocytes, and CD19 + CD40+ and CD19 + CD40+/CD19+ on PB B lymphocytes were significantly higher in acute and chronic ITP patients compared to controls, and in acute patients compared to chronics (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CD40-CD40L interaction plays an important role in the pathology of certain autoimmune diseases. ITP is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased platelet destruction caused by anti-platelet autoantibodies, which mainly target a platelet surface antigen. It is speculated that platelet-associated CD154 is competent to induce the CD40-dependent proliferation of B lymphocytes. Therefore, platelet-associated CD154 expression is increased in ITP patients and is able to drive the activation of autoreactive B lymphocytes in this disease. These findings are particularly useful for clarifying the pathogenic process in ITP patients and for developing a therapeutic approach that blocks pathogenic anti-platelet antibody production. Blockade of the CD40/CD154 signal is a potential immunomodulatory strategy for T cell-mediated diseases, and many findings suggest that CD40/CD154 blockade therapy is potentially effective for ITP through selective suppression of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes to platelet antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Meabed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bani Suef University, Bani Suef, Egypt.
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Wang Y, Xie C, Sun M, Chai J, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Tang J, Li B. [Expression and significance of PD-1 on CD4(+); and CD8(+); T cells from the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2013; 29:962-965. [PMID: 24011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on CD4(+); and CD8(+); T cells from the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and analyze its clinical implications. METHODS The expression of PD-1 on the CD4(+); and CD8(+); T cells were examined in 51 SLE patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) by flow cytometry. The proportions of PD-1 positive CD4(+); and CD8(+); T cells were compared not only between inactive or active SLE patients and HCs, but also between patients with and without lupus nephritis. The correlations of PD-1 expression with clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were analyzed. RESULTS The proportions of CD4(+); PD-1(+); T cells significantly increased in active SLE patients as compared with HCs and inactive SLE ones (all P<0.05). The proportions of CD8(+); PD-1(+); T cells were significantly higher in active and inactive SLE patients than those in HCs (all P<0.05). The numbers of CD4(+); PD-1(+); and CD8(+); PD-1(+); T cells in SLE patients with nephritis were significantly higher than those in patients without nephritis (P<0.01). In SLE patients, the numbers of CD4(+);PD-1(+); and CD8(+);PD-1(+); T cells were significantly higher in ones with positive anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, and anti-nucleosome antibodies than in corresponding negative ones; the proportions of CD4(+); PD-1(+); and CD8(+); PD-1(+); T cells were positively correlated with SLEDAI score and the amount of proteinuria, but were negatively correlated with complement C3. CONCLUSION The aberrations of CD4(+); PD-1(+); and CD8(+); PD-1(+); T cells were observed in patients with SLE. Increased numbers of CD4(+); PD-1(+); and CD8(+); PD-1(+); T cells were correlated with increased disease activity and the production of anti-self antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Miyazaki Y, Tsumiyama K, Yamane T, Ito M, Shiozawa S. Expansion of PD-1-positive effector CD4 T cells in an experimental model of SLE: contribution to the self-organized criticality theory. Kobe J Med Sci 2013; 59:E64-E71. [PMID: 23756664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a systems biology concept to explain the origin of systemic autoimmunity. From our studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) we have concluded that this disease is the inevitable consequence of over-stimulating the host's immune system by repeated exposure to antigen to levels that surpass a critical threshold, which we term the system's "self-organized criticality". We observed that overstimulation of CD4 T cells in mice led to the development of autoantibody-inducing CD4 T cells (aiCD4 T) capable of generating various autoantibodies and pathological lesions identical to those observed in SLE. We show here that this is accompanied by the significant expansion of a novel population of effector T cells characterized by expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive, CD27(low), CD127(low), CCR7(low) and CD44(high)CD62L(low) markers, as well as increased production of IL-2 and IL-6. In addition, repeated immunization caused the expansion of CD8 T cells into fully-matured cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that express Ly6C(high)CD122(high) effector and memory markers. Thus, overstimulation with antigen leads to the expansion of a novel effector CD4 T cell population that expresses an unusual memory marker, PD-1, and that may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
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Ferragine CE, Walls CD, Davies SJ. Modulation of innate antigen-presenting cell function by pre-patent schistosome infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2136. [PMID: 23556020 PMCID: PMC3605154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomes are intravascular helminths that infect over 200 million people worldwide. Deposition of eggs by adult schistosomes stimulates Th2 responses to egg antigens and induces granulomatous pathology that is a hallmark of schistosome infection. Paradoxically, schistosomes require host immune function for their development and reproduction and for egress of parasite eggs from the host. To identify potential mechanisms by which immune cells might influence parasite development prior to the onset of egg production, we assessed immune function in mice infected with developing schistosomes. We found that pre-patent schistosome infection is associated with a loss of T cell responsiveness to other antigens and is due to a diminution in the ability of innate antigen-presenting cells to stimulate T cells. Diminution of stimulatory capacity by schistosome worms specifically affected CD11b+ cells and did not require concomitant adaptive responses. We could not find evidence for production of a diffusible inhibitor of T cells by innate cells from infected mice. Rather, inhibition of T cell responsiveness by accessory cells required cell contact and only occurred when cells from infected mice outnumbered competent APCs by more than 3∶1. Finally, we show that loss of T cell stimulatory capacity may in part be due to suppression of IL-12 expression during pre-patent schistosome infection. Modulation of CD4+ T cell and APC function may be an aspect of host immune exploitation by schistosomes, as both cell types influence parasite development during pre-patent schistosome infection. The disease schistosomiasis is caused by a parasitic blood fluke found mainly in the tropics and subtropics and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Using mice to model human schistosome infection, our previous studies showed that schistosome development in the infected host is linked to host immune function, such that parasite development is impaired in hosts with immunological deficiencies. CD4+ T cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are two types of immune cells that are involved in modulating schistosome development. In this study, we examined immune function in mice infected with developing schistosomes, to gain insights into how immune cells might influence parasite development. We found evidence of broad-spectrum suppression of CD4+ T cell responses during early schistosome infection. We also show that the loss of T cell responsiveness is due to impairment of T cell stimulation by CD11b+ cells. These findings suggest that exploitation of CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages by schistosomes may involve parasite modification of the function of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Ferragine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Colleen D. Walls
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Leal FE, Ndhlovu LC, Hasenkrug AM, Bruno FR, Carvalho KI, Wynn-Williams H, Neto WK, Sanabani SS, Segurado AC, Nixon DF, Kallas EG. Expansion in CD39⁺ CD4⁺ immunoregulatory t cells and rarity of Th17 cells in HTLV-1 infected patients is associated with neurological complications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2028. [PMID: 23409198 PMCID: PMC3566991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 infection is associated with several inflammatory disorders, including the neurodegenerative condition HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It is unclear why a minority of infected subjects develops HAM/TSP. CD4⁺ T cells are the main target of infection and play a pivotal role in regulating immunity to HTLV and are hypothesized to participate in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. The CD39 ectonucleotidase receptor is expressed on CD4⁺ T cells and based on co-expression with CD25, marks T cells with distinct regulatory (CD39⁺CD25⁺) and effector (CD39⁺CD25⁻) function. Here, we investigated the expression of CD39 on CD4⁺ T cells from a cohort of HAM/TSP patients, HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (AC), and matched uninfected controls. The frequency of CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cells was increased in HTLV-1 infected patients, regardless of clinical status. More importantly, the proportion of the immunostimulatory CD39⁺CD25⁻ CD4⁺ T-cell subset was significantly elevated in HAM/TSP patients as compared to AC and phenotypically had lower levels of the immunoinhibitory receptor, PD-1. We saw no difference in the frequency of CD39⁺CD25⁺ regulatory (Treg) cells between AC and HAM/TSP patients. However, these cells transition from being anergic to displaying a polyfunctional cytokine response following HTLV-1 infection. CD39⁻CD25⁺ T cell subsets predominantly secreted the inflammatory cytokine IL-17. We found that HAM/TSP patients had significantly fewer numbers of IL-17 secreting CD4⁺ T cells compared to uninfected controls. Taken together, we show that the expression of CD39 is upregulated on CD4⁺ T cells HAM/TSP patients. This upregulation may play a role in the development of the proinflammatory milieu through pathways both distinct and separate among the different CD39 T cell subsets. CD39 upregulation may therefore serve as a surrogate diagnostic marker of progression and could potentially be a target for interventions to reduce the development of HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio E. Leal
- The Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Hawaii Center of AIDS, Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- The Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Hawaii Center of AIDS, Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Hasenkrug
- The Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fernanda R. Bruno
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina I. Carvalho
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harry Wynn-Williams
- Hawaii Center of AIDS, Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Walter K. Neto
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundação Pró-Sangue, Hemocentro de São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabri S. Sanabani
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluisio C. Segurado
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas F. Nixon
- The Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Esper G. Kallas
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a regulator of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of IL-22(+)CD4(+) T-cells in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. This study is aimed at elucidating the potential role of IL-22 and IL-22(+)CD4(+) T-cells in patients with SLE. A total of 22 patients with freshly diagnosed SLE and 18 age-/gender-matched healthy controls (n = 18) were evaluated for the frequency of different types of IL-22-producing CD4(+) T-cells by flow cytometry analysis following in vitro stimulation. The concentrations of plasma IL-22, IL-17A, IFNγ, serum complement factors (C3, C4), C-reactive protein (CRP), antidouble-stranded (ds) DNA and anti-Smith (Sm) antibodies were measured. The potential association among these measures was analyzed. The percentages of IL-22(+)IL-17(-)IFNγ(-), IL-22(+)IL-17A(-)IFN-γ(+), IL-22(-)IL-17(+)IFN-γ(-) and IL-22(+)IL-17(+)IFN-γ(-) CD4(+) T-cells and the levels of plasma IL-22 and IL-17A in the patients were significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P < 0.01). The frequency of Th22 cells was correlated positively with that of Th17 and IL-22(+)IL-17(+) CD4(+) T-cells, and the frequency of Th17 and IL-22(+)CD4(+) T-cells was correlated positively with the values of SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), but not with the values of CRP, ERS and C3 in SLE patients. Our data suggest that both Th17 and IL-22(+)CD4(+) T-cells may participate in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Vukmanovic-Stejic M, Sandhu D, Sobande TO, Agius E, Lacy KE, Riddell N, Montez S, Dintwe OB, Scriba TJ, Breuer J, Nikolich-Zugich J, Ogg G, Rustin MH, Akbar AN. Varicella zoster-specific CD4+Foxp3+ T cells accumulate after cutaneous antigen challenge in humans. J Immunol 2013; 190:977-86. [PMID: 23284056 PMCID: PMC3552094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific memory CD4(+) T cells and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that accumulate after intradermal challenge with a VZV skin test Ag. VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells were identified with a MHC class II tetramer or by intracellular staining for either IFN-γ or IL-2 after Ag rechallenge in vitro. VZV-specific T cells, mainly of a central memory (CD45RA(-)CD27(+)) phenotype, accumulate at the site of skin challenge compared with the blood of the same individuals. This resulted in part from local proliferation because >50% of tetramer defined Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells in the skin expressed the cell cycle marker Ki67. CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells had the characteristic phenotype of Tregs, namely CD25(hi)CD127(lo)CD39(hi) in both unchallenged and VZV challenged skin and did not secrete IFN-γ or IL-2 after antigenic restimulation. The CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells from unchallenged skin had suppressive activity, because their removal led to an increase in cytokine secretion after activation. After VZV Ag injection, Foxp3(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo)CD39(hi) T cells were also found within the VZV tetramer population. Their suppressive activity could not be directly assessed by CD25 depletion because activated T cells in the skin were also CD25(+). Nevertheless, there was an inverse correlation between decreased VZV skin responses and proportion of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells present, indicating indirectly their inhibitory activity in vivo. These results suggest a linkage between the expansion of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells and CD4(+) Tregs that may provide controlled responsiveness during Ag-specific stimulation in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukmanovic-Stejic
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy Sandhu
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, England, United Kingdom
| | - Toni O. Sobande
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Agius
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, England, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, England, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Riddell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Montez
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
| | - One B. Dintwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Judith Breuer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Malcolm H.A. Rustin
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, England, United Kingdom
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, England, United Kingdom
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Bhattarai N, Rydze RT, Chivero ET, Stapleton JT. GB virus C viremia is associated with higher levels of double-negative T cells and lower T-cell activation in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1469-72. [PMID: 22927453 PMCID: PMC3466998 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-negative T cells (DNTCs; ie, CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells) play a role in limiting chronic immune activation. GB virus C (GBV-C) infection is associated with reduced T-cell activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. T-cell activation and DNTCs were measured in HIV-infected subjects with a nondetectable HIV load. GBV-C-viremic subjects had significantly reduced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell activation (P = .003 and .034, respectively) and significantly increased DNTCs (P = .038), compared with nonviremic subjects. GBV-C load correlated with DNTC percentage (P = .004). Thus, GBV-C infection is associated with an increase in DNTCs, which may contribute to reduced immune activation during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjal Bhattarai
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City
| | - Robert T. Rydze
- Doris Duke Scholars Program
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City
| | - Ernest T. Chivero
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City
| | - Jack T. Stapleton
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Doris Duke Scholars Program
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa,
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City
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Engel AT, Selvaraj RK, Kamil JP, Osterrieder N, Kaufer BB. Marek's disease viral interleukin-8 promotes lymphoma formation through targeted recruitment of B cells and CD4+ CD25+ T cells. J Virol 2012; 86:8536-45. [PMID: 22647701 PMCID: PMC3421702 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00556-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a cell-associated and highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens. During lytic and latent MDV infection, a CXC chemokine termed viral interleukin-8 (vIL-8) is expressed. Deletion of the entire vIL-8 open reading frame (ORF) was shown to severely impair disease progression and tumor development; however, it was unclear whether this phenotype was due to loss of secreted vIL-8 or of splice variants that fuse exons II and III of vIL-8 to certain upstream open reading frames, including the viral oncoprotein Meq. To specifically examine the role of secreted vIL-8 in MDV pathogenesis, we constructed a recombinant virus, vΔMetvIL-8, in which we deleted the native start codon from the signal peptide encoding exon I. This mutant lacked secreted vIL-8 but did not affect Meq-vIL-8 splice variants. Loss of secreted vIL-8 resulted in highly reduced disease and tumor incidence in animals infected with vΔMetvIL-8 by the intra-abdominal route. Although vΔMetvIL-8 was still able to spread to naïve animals by the natural route, infection and lymphomagenesis in contact animals were severely impaired. In vitro assays showed that purified recombinant vIL-8 efficiently binds to and induces chemotaxis of B cells, which are the main target for lytic MDV replication, and also interacts with CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells, known targets of MDV transformation. Our data provide evidence that vIL-8 attracts B and CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells to recruit targets for both lytic and latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Kamil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Zhang YY, Zhong M, Zhang MY, Lv K. [Expression and clinical significance of miR-155 in peripheral blood CD4(+);T cells of patients with allergic asthma]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 28:540-543. [PMID: 22558995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-155 in the peripheral blood CD4(+);T cells of patients with allergic asthma. METHODS The expression of pre-mature BIC transcript and its processed microRNA miR-155 in the CD4(+); T cells from 50 patients with allergic asthma and 20 healthy individuals were measured using real-time PCR. The correlation of miR-155 expression and the disease severity of asthma was analyzed. The ability of miR-155 to influence Th1/Th2 differentiation was examined in vitro. RESULTS The expression of pre-mature BIC and miR-155 in the CD4(+); T cells of asthma patients significantly decreased compared to those in normal controls (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of BIC in moderate and severe asthma patients was lower than that in normal controls (P<0.05). Among mild, moderate, severe asthma patients, BIC expression showed no statistical significance, but miR-155 expression of severe asthma patients was lower than that in mild asthma patients (P<0.05). The expression level of miR-155 was positively correlated to FEV1/pred(%) (P<0.01). miR-155 over-expression was found to promote CD4(+); T cells to Th1 differentiation, while of miR-155 was found to induce CD4(+); T cells to Th2 differentiation. CONCLUSION The decreased expression level of miR-155 is correlated to asthma disease severity. It is suggested miR-155 plays an important role in development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-ying Zhang
- The Laboratory Medicine of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Bordoni V, Agrati C, Rinaldi A, Viola D, De Simone G, Gioia C, Martini F. In HIV-infected patients, some differential alterations of CD4 and CD8 T cell homeostasis may not be restored by ≥ 7 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy, in spite of good CD4 T cell repopulation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:1802-4. [PMID: 22461310 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Beck M, Brockhuis S, van der Velde N, Breukers C, Greve J, Terstappen LWMM. On-chip sample preparation by controlled release of antibodies for simple CD4 counting. Lab Chip 2012; 12:167-173. [PMID: 22048158 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20565j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple system for CD4 and CD8 counting for point-of-care HIV staging in low-resource settings. Automatic sample preparation is achieved through a dried reagent coating inside a thin (26 μm) counting chamber, allowing the delayed release of fluorochrome conjugated monoclonal antibodies after the filling of the chamber with whole blood by capillary flow. A custom-built image cytometer is used to capture fluorescence images representing more than 1 μl of blood. The thin layer of blood in combination with the large image area allows the use of whole blood from a finger prick without the need for dilution, lysis or cell enrichment. Automatic cell counting of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes correlates well with results obtained by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Beck
- Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Li Y, Zhao M, Hou C, Liang G, Yang L, Tan Y, Wang Z, Yin H, Zhou Z, Lu Q. Abnormal DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells from people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 94:242-8. [PMID: 21864931 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation in T cells has been linked to pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. To investigate genomic and gene-specific DNA methylation levels in CD4(+) T cells from patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), and to investigate changes in the expression of genes that regulate methylation as well as the autoimmune-related gene FOXP3 in these patients. Global CD4(+) T cell DNA methylation was measured in 15 LADA patients and 11 healthy controls using a methylation quantification kit. mRNA levels of DNA methytransferases (DNMTs), methyl-DNA binding domain proteins (MBDs) and FOXP3 were measured by real time PCR. Methylation of a FOXP3 regulatory element region was determined by bisulphite genomic sequencing. Genomic DNA methylation in CD4(+) T cells from LADA patients was significantly increased compared to controls. DNMT3b mRNA levels were higher in CD4(+) T cells from LADA patients than in controls. DNMT3b expression positively correlated with global DNA methylation in LADA CD4(+) T cells. FOXP3 expression was decreased, and the FOXP3 promoter region was hypermethylated in CD4(+) T cells from LADA patients compared with controls. DNA methylation levels are altered in CD4(+) T cells from LADA patients, which may contribute to disease onset and progression by affecting the expression of autoimmune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Giraldo NA, Bolaños NI, Cuellar A, Guzman F, Uribe AM, Bedoya A, Olaya N, Cucunubá ZM, Roa N, Rosas F, Velasco V, Puerta CJ, González JM. Increased CD4+/CD8+ double-positive T cells in chronic Chagasic patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1294. [PMID: 21886854 PMCID: PMC3160296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+/CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells have been described in healthy individuals as well as in patients with autoimmune and chronic infectious diseases. In chronic viral infections, this cell subset has effector memory phenotype and displays antigen specificity. No previous studies of double positive T cells in parasite infections have been carried out. Methodology/Principal Findings Seventeen chronic chagasic patients (7 asymptomatic and 10 symptomatic) and 24 non-infected donors, including 12 healthy and 12 with non-chagasic cardiomyopathy donors were analyzed. Peripheral blood was stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR and CD38, and lymphocytes for intracellular perforin. Antigen specificity was assessed using HLA*A2 tetramers loaded with T. cruzi K1 or influenza virus epitopes. Surface expression of CD107 and intracellular IFN-γ production were determined in K1-specific DP T cells from 11 chagasic donors. Heart tissue from a chronic chagasic patient was stained for both CD8 and CD4 by immunochemistry. Chagasic patients showed higher frequencies of DP T cells (2.1%±0.9) compared with healthy (1.1%±0.5) and non-chagasic cardiomyopathy (1.2%±0.4) donors. DP T cells from Chagasic patients also expressed more HLA-DR, CD38 and perforin and had higher frequencies of T. cruzi K1-specific cells. IFN-γ production in K1-specific cells was higher in asymptomatic patients after polyclonal stimulation, while these cells tended to degranulate more in symptomatic donors. Immunochemistry revealed that double positive T cells infiltrate the cardiac tissue of a chagasic donor. Conclusions Chagasic patients have higher percentages of circulating double positive T cells expressing activation markers, potential effector molecules and greater class I antigenic specificity against T. cruzi. Although K1 tetramer positive DP T cell produced little IFN-γ, they displayed degranulation activity that was increased in symptomatic patients. Moreover, K1-specific DP T cells can migrate to the heart tissue. Chagas disease, produced by the blood parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem in Central and South America. Non sterile immunity can be achieved after acute infection. Parasite persistence can induce tissue damage in nearly 20% to 30% of chronically infected individuals. Indeed, chagasic cardiomyopathy is one of the consequences of the chronic infection. Antigen persistence and dysfunctional cellular immune response have been implicated in T. cruzi pathogenesis. Here, a higher frequency of circulating CD4+/CD8+ double positive T cells in chronic chagasic patients is reported as compared with non infected donors, including those with a non-chagasic cardiomyopathy. This cell subset also expressed more activation markers and stored more intracellular perforin. We have previously reported that CD8+ T cells from T. cruzi infected donors recognized the HLA-A*0201 restricted K1-peptide derived from the KMP-11 protein. Here, double positive T cells displayed higher percentages of recognition for the K1 peptide than single CD8+ T cells. These cells produce little IFN-γ, but display degranulation activity that was increased in the symptomatic group. Finally, double positive T cells can be localized in the heart tissue from a chronic chagasic donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Giraldo
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia I. Bolaños
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Cuellar
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fanny Guzman
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Ana Maria Uribe
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Astrid Bedoya
- Grupo de Infección y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Olaya
- Instituto de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Zulma M. Cucunubá
- Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nubia Roa
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Concepción J. Puerta
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John M. González
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Morrot A, Terra-Granado E, Pérez AR, Silva-Barbosa SD, Milićević NM, Farias-de-Oliveira DA, Berbert LR, De Meis J, Takiya CM, Beloscar J, Wang X, Kont V, Peterson P, Bottasso O, Savino W. Chagasic thymic atrophy does not affect negative selection but results in the export of activated CD4+CD8+ T cells in severe forms of human disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1268. [PMID: 21858238 PMCID: PMC3156684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrathymic CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells are increased in some pathophysiological conditions, including infectious diseases. In the murine model of Chagas disease, it has been shown that the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to target the thymus and induce alterations of the thymic microenvironment and the lymphoid compartment. In the acute phase, this results in a severe atrophy of the organ and early release of DP cells into the periphery. To date, the effect of the changes promoted by the parasite infection on thymic central tolerance has remained elusive. Herein we show that the intrathymic key elements that are necessary to promote the negative selection of thymocytes undergoing maturation during the thymopoiesis remains functional during the acute chagasic thymic atrophy. Intrathymic expression of the autoimmune regulator factor (Aire) and tissue-restricted antigen (TRA) genes is normal. In addition, the expression of the proapoptotic Bim protein in thymocytes was not changed, revealing that the parasite infection-induced thymus atrophy has no effect on these marker genes necessary to promote clonal deletion of T cells. In a chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic system, the administration of OVA peptide into infected mice with thymic atrophy promoted OVA-specific thymocyte apoptosis, further indicating normal negative selection process during the infection. Yet, although the intrathymic checkpoints necessary for thymic negative selection are present in the acute phase of Chagas disease, we found that the DP cells released into the periphery acquire an activated phenotype similar to what is described for activated effector or memory single-positive T cells. Most interestingly, we also demonstrate that increased percentages of peripheral blood subset of DP cells exhibiting an activated HLA-DR+ phenotype are associated with severe cardiac forms of human chronic Chagas disease. These cells may contribute to the immunopathological events seen in the Chagas disease. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that plays an important role on the development of the immune system and maturation of the T cell repertoire. During the normal life span, this organ undergoes involution during the aging and also in the presence of a wide variety of infectious diseases. It has been shown that the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to target the thymus and induce alterations of the thymic microenvironment. In the acute phase, this results in a severe atrophy of the organ and early release of immature double-positive (DP) T cells into the periphery. The effect of the changes promoted by the parasite infection on thymic central tolerance has remained not clear. The present study shows that the intrathymic key elements that promote the negative selection of thymocytes during the thymopoiesis remains functional in the acute chagasic thymic atrophy. However, we found that the DP cells released into the periphery acquire an activated phenotype and its high frequency in the peripheral blood are associated with severe cardiac forms of human chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morrot
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Navarrete AM, Delignat S, Teillaud JL, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Bayry J. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell-mediated changes in the expression of endocytic receptors and endocytosis process of human dendritic cells. Vaccine 2011; 29:2649-52. [PMID: 21316501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to inhibit immune responses to antigens. Since, the process of antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DC) is central to induction of immune responses, we analyzed the effect of Tregs on the expression of endocytic receptors on DC and its repercussion on antigen uptake. Our results demonstrate that Tregs down-regulate the expression and uptake of antigens via C-type lectin-like receptors CD206 and DC-SIGN, restrain the pinocytosis process of DC and augment the expression of FcγRIIB, an inhibitory Fcγ receptor the engagement of which by IgG-bound antigens leads to inhibition of DC activation. Our results thus provide an additional insight on the pertinence of strategies aimed at blocking Treg functions towards improved vaccination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Navarrete
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 872, Paris F-75006, France
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Sun P, Beckett C, Danko J, Burgess T, Liang Z, Kochel T, Porter K. A dendritic cell-based assay for measuring memory T cells specific to dengue envelope proteins in human peripheral blood. J Virol Methods 2011; 173:175-81. [PMID: 21315764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue envelope (E) protein is a dominant immune inducer and E protein-based vaccines elicited partial to complete protection in non-human primates. To study the immunogenicity of these vaccines in humans, an enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for measuring interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production was developed. Cells from two subject groups, based on dengue-exposure, were selected for assay development. The unique feature of the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay is the utilization of dendritic cells pulsed with E proteins as antigen presenting cells. IFN-γ production, ranging from 53-513 spot forming units per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), was observed in dengue-exposed subjects as compared to 0-45 IFN-γ spot forming units in dengue-unexposed subjects. Further, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and cells bearing CD45RO memory marker, were the major sources of IFN-γ production. The assay allowed quantification of E-specific IFN-γ-secreting memory T cells in subjects 9 years after exposure to a live-attenuated virus vaccine and live-virus challenge. Results suggested that the dendritic cell-based IFN-γ assay is a useful tool for assessing immunological memory for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Sun
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Military Service, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Mao L, Yang P, Hou S, Li F, Kijlstra A. Label-free proteomics reveals decreased expression of CD18 and AKNA in peripheral CD4+ T cells from patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14616. [PMID: 21297967 PMCID: PMC3030555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease. CD4+ T cells have been shown to be involved in autoimmune diseases including VKH syndrome. To screen aberrantly expressed membrane proteins in CD4+ T cell from patients with active VKH syndrome, blood samples were taken from five patients with active VKH syndrome and five healthy individuals. A label-free quantitative proteomic strategy was used to identify the differently expressed proteins between the two groups. The results revealed that the expression of 102 peptides was significantly altered (p<0.05) between two groups and matched amino acid sequences of proteins deposited in the international protein index (ipi.HUMAN.v3.36.fasta). The identified peptides corresponded to 64 proteins, in which 30 showed more than a 1.5-fold difference between the two groups. The decreased expression of CD18 and AKNA transcription factor (AKNA), both being three-fold lower than controls in expression identified by the label-free method, was further confirmed in an additional group of five active VKH patients and six normal individuals using the Western blot technique. A significantly decreased expression of CD18 and AKNA suggests a role for both proteins in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Mao
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shengping Hou
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhen Li
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- The Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zhang Z, Hu S, Liu J, Xu J, He L, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Shang H. CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ cells: a predictor of viral set point in Chinese men with primary HIV infection who have sex with men. Jpn J Infect Dis 2011; 64:423-425. [PMID: 21937825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-three Chinese men with primary HIV infection (PHI) who have sex with men, and 17 asymptomatic HIV-infected patients participated in this study. The effect of different initial activation parameters on viral set points and the immunologic progression of subjects with PHI were determined. We found that the proportions of CD38+DR+ and CD38-DR+ T cells were lower while those of CD38+DR- and CD38-DR- T cells were higher in patients with PHI than in the asymptomatic HIV-infected patients. The initial proportion of CD4+CD38+DR+ T cells emerged as a statistically significant predictor (P < 0.05) of viral set points by multivariate least squares regression. In addition, individuals with a higher initial proportion of CD4+CD38+DR+ cells were more likely to have CD4+ T cell counts decrease to ≤ 350 cells/µl (P = 0.015), as determined by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. We concluded that the initial CD4+CD38+DR+ T cell level in PHI patients is an important prognostic parameter of viral set points and is therefore related to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology of AIDS, Ministry of Health, No. 1 Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
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