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Marchi E, Hinks TSC, Richardson M, Khalfaoui L, Symon FA, Rajasekar P, Clifford R, Hargadon B, Austin CD, MacIsaac JL, Kobor MS, Siddiqui S, Mar JS, Arron JR, Choy DF, Bradding P. The effects of inhaled corticosteroids on healthy airways. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38686450 DOI: 10.1111/all.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on healthy airways are poorly defined. OBJECTIVES To delineate the effects of ICS on gene expression in healthy airways, without confounding caused by changes in disease-related genes and disease-related alterations in ICS responsiveness. METHODS Randomized open-label bronchoscopy study of high-dose ICS therapy in 30 healthy adult volunteers randomized 2:1 to (i) fluticasone propionate 500 mcg bd daily or (ii) no treatment, for 4 weeks. Laboratory staff were blinded to allocation. Biopsies and brushings were analysed by immunohistochemistry, bulk RNA sequencing, DNA methylation array and metagenomics. RESULTS ICS induced small between-group differences in blood and lamina propria eosinophil numbers, but not in other immunopathological features, blood neutrophils, FeNO, FEV1, microbiome or DNA methylation. ICS treatment upregulated 72 genes in brushings and 53 genes in biopsies, and downregulated 82 genes in brushings and 416 genes in biopsies. The most downregulated genes in both tissues were canonical markers of type-2 inflammation (FCER1A, CPA3, IL33, CLEC10A, SERPINB10 and CCR5), T cell-mediated adaptive immunity (TARP, TRBC1, TRBC2, PTPN22, TRAC, CD2, CD8A, HLA-DQB2, CD96, PTPN7), B-cell immunity (CD20, immunoglobulin heavy and light chains) and innate immunity, including CD48, Hobit, RANTES, Langerin and GFI1. An IL-17-dependent gene signature was not upregulated by ICS. CONCLUSIONS In healthy airways, 4-week ICS exposure reduces gene expression related to both innate and adaptive immunity, and reduces markers of type-2 inflammation. This implies that homeostasis in health involves tonic type-2 signalling in the airway mucosa, which is exquisitely sensitive to ICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marchi
- NIHR Oxford Respiratory BRC and Respiratory Medicine Unit, Experimental Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- NIHR Oxford Respiratory BRC and Respiratory Medicine Unit, Experimental Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Richardson
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Respiratory NIHR BRC, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Latifa Khalfaoui
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Respiratory NIHR BRC, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Fiona A Symon
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Respiratory NIHR BRC, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Poojitha Rajasekar
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel Clifford
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beverley Hargadon
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Respiratory NIHR BRC, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Cary D Austin
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Respiratory NIHR BRC, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jordan S Mar
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - David F Choy
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Respiratory NIHR BRC, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Marchi E, Ramamurthy N, Ansari MA, Harrer CE, Barnes E, Klenerman P. Defining the key intrahepatic gene networks in HCV infection driven by sex. Gut 2023; 72:984-994. [PMID: 35613843 PMCID: PMC10086281 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transcriptional response in the liver during HCV infection is critical for determining clinical outcomes. This issue remains relatively unexplored as tissue access to address this at scale is usually limited. We aimed to profile the transcriptomics of HCV-infected livers to describe the expression networks involved and assess the effect on them of major predictors of clinical outcome such as IFNL4 (interferon lambda 4) host genotype and sex. DESIGN We took advantage of a large clinical study of HCV therapy accompanied by baseline liver biopsy to examine the drivers of transcription in tissue samples in 195 patients also genotyped genome-wide for host and viral single nucleotide polymorphisms. We addressed the role of host factors (disease status, sex, genotype, age) and viral factors (load, mutation) on transcriptional responses. RESULTS We observe key modules of transcription which can be impacted differentially by host and viral factors. Underlying cirrhotic state had the most substantial impact, even in a stable, compensated population. Notably, sex had a major impact on antiviral responses in concert with IL28B (interleukin 28B)/IFNL4 genotype, with stronger interferon and humoral responses in females. Males tended towards a dominant cellular immune response. In both sexes, there was a strong influence of the underlying host disease status and of specific viral mutations, and sex-specific expression quantitative trait loci were also observed. CONCLUSION These features help define the major influences on tissue responses in HCV infection, impacting on the response to treatment and with broader implications for responses in other sex-biased infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marchi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - M Azim Ansari
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hackstein CP, Costigan D, Drexhage L, Pearson C, Bullers S, Ilott N, Akther HD, Gu Y, FitzPatrick MEB, Harrison OJ, Garner LC, Mann EH, Pandey S, Friedrich M, Provine NM, Uhlig HH, Marchi E, Powrie F, Klenerman P, Thornton EE. A conserved population of MHC II-restricted, innate-like, commensal-reactive T cells in the gut of humans and mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7472. [PMID: 36463279 PMCID: PMC9719512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions with commensal microbes shape host immunity on multiple levels and play a pivotal role in human health and disease. Tissue-dwelling, antigen-specific T cells are poised to respond to local insults, making their phenotype important in the relationship between host and microbes. Here we show that MHC-II restricted, commensal-reactive T cells in the colon of both humans and mice acquire transcriptional and functional characteristics associated with innate-like T cells. This cell population is abundant and conserved in the human and murine colon and endowed with polyfunctional effector properties spanning classic Th1- and Th17-cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, and regulators of epithelial homeostasis. T cells with this phenotype are increased in ulcerative colitis patients, and their presence aggravates pathology in dextran sodium sulphate-treated mice, pointing towards a pathogenic role in colitis. Our findings add to the expanding spectrum of innate-like immune cells positioned at the frontline of intestinal immune surveillance, capable of acting as sentinels of microbes and the local cytokine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dana Costigan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linnea Drexhage
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Bullers
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hossain Delowar Akther
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yisu Gu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael E B FitzPatrick
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Lucy C Garner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumeet Pandey
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas M Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, and Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX39DU, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Emily E Thornton
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Al-Hourani K, Ramamurthy N, Marchi E, Eichinger R, Li L, Fabris P, Drakesmith AH, Klenerman P. Innate triggering and antiviral effector functions of Activin A. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17237.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: First-line defence against viral infection is contingent upon rapid detection of conserved viral structural and genomic motifs by pattern recognition receptors, followed by activation of the type I IFN response and establishment of an antiviral state. Novel antiviral functions of bone morphogenetic protein and related activin cytokines, acting in conjunction with, and independently of, type I IFN, have recently been described. How these antiviral effects are mediated and triggered by viral infection has not been defined. Methods: Microarray and RNAseq data from hepatoma-derived cell lines stimulated with Activin A in vitro were interrogated both by pathway analysis and for evidence of IFN-stimulated gene induction. Liver tissue obtained from patients with chronic HCV were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for evidence of Activin A induction. Activin expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to nucleic acid analogues was quantified by RT-qCR, whereas induction dynamics in acute infection was investigated in in vitro Sendai virus infection and a murine influenza A. Results: Transcriptomic analyses delineated strikingly congruent patterns of gene regulation in hepatocytes stimulated with recombinant Activin A and IFNα in vitro. Activin A mRNA, encoded by INHBA, is induced upon activation of RIG-I, MDA5 and TLR7/8 viral nucleic acid sensors in vitro, across multiple cell lines and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vivo, imurine influenza A also upregulated Inhba mRNA in the lung; this local upregulation of Inhba is retained in MAVS knockout mice, indicating roles for non-RIG-I-like receptors in its induction. Activin induction and signalling were also detectable in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Conclusions: These data suggest Activin A is triggered in parallel with type I IFN responses and can trigger related antiviral effector functions, with implications for the development of targeted antiviral therapies and revealing novel facets of Activin biology.
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Marchi E, Jones M, Klenerman P, Frater J, Magiorkinis G, Belshaw R. BreakAlign: a Perl program to align chimaeric (split) genomic NGS reads and allow visual confirmation of novel retroviral integrations. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:134. [PMID: 35428171 PMCID: PMC9013057 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retroviruses replicate by integrating a DNA copy into a host chromosome. Detecting novel retroviral integrations (ones not in the reference genome sequence of the host) from genomic NGS data is bioinformatically challenging and frequently produces many false positives. One common method of confirmation is visual inspection of an alignment of the chimaeric (split) reads that span a putative novel retroviral integration site. We perceived the need for a program that would facilitate this by producing a multiple alignment containing both the viral and host regions that flank an integration. RESULTS BreakAlign is a Perl program that uses blastn to produce such a multiple alignment. In addition to the NGS dataset and a reference viral sequence, the program requires either (a) the ~ 500nt host genome sequence that spans the putative integration or (b) coordinates of this putative integration in an installed copy of the reference human genome (multiple integrations can be processed automatically). BreakAlign is freely available from https://github.com/marchiem/breakalign and is accompanied by example files allowing a test run. CONCLUSION BreakAlign will confirm and facilitate characterisation of both (a) germline integrations of endogenous retroviruses and (b) somatic integrations of exogenous retroviruses such as HIV and HTLV. Although developed for use with genomic short-read NGS (second generation) data and retroviruses, it should also be useful for long-read (third generation) data and any mobile element with at least one conserved flanking region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marchi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Mathew Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Belshaw
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zacharopoulou P, Marchi E, Ogbe A, Robinson N, Brown H, Jones M, Parolini L, Pace M, Grayson N, Kaleebu P, Rees H, Fidler S, Goulder P, Klenerman P, Frater J. Expression of type I interferon-associated genes at antiretroviral therapy interruption predicts HIV virological rebound. Sci Rep 2022; 12:462. [PMID: 35013427 PMCID: PMC8748440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although certain individuals with HIV infection can stop antiretroviral therapy (ART) without viral load rebound, the mechanisms under-pinning 'post-treatment control' remain unclear. Using RNA-Seq we explored CD4 T cell gene expression to identify evidence of a mechanism that might underpin virological rebound and lead to discovery of associated biomarkers. Fourteen female participants who received 12 months of ART starting from primary HIV infection were sampled at the time of stopping therapy. Two analysis methods (Differential Gene Expression with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis) were employed to interrogate CD4+ T cell gene expression data and study pathways enriched in post-treatment controllers versus early rebounders. Using independent analysis tools, expression of genes associated with type I interferon responses were associated with a delayed time to viral rebound following treatment interruption (TI). Expression of four genes identified by Cox-Lasso (ISG15, XAF1, TRIM25 and USP18) was converted to a Risk Score, which associated with rebound (p < 0.01). These data link transcriptomic signatures associated with innate immunity with control following stopping ART. The results from this small sample need to be confirmed in larger trials, but could help define strategies for new therapies and identify new biomarkers for remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zacharopoulou
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Ogbe
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Robinson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Brown
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Jones
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Parolini
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Pace
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Grayson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - H Rees
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Fidler
- Division of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - P Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - J Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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Ansari MA, Marchi E, Ramamurthy N, Aschenbrenner D, Morgan S, Hackstein CP, Lin SK, Bowden R, Sharma E, Pedergnana V, Venkateswaran S, Kugathasan S, Mo A, Gibson G, Cooke GS, McLauchlan J, Baillie JK, Teichmann S, Mentzer A, Knight J, Todd JA, Hinks T, Barnes EJ, Uhlig HH, Klenerman P. In vivo negative regulation of SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, by interferons and its genetic control. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16559.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and differences in its expression may affect susceptibility to infection. Methods: We performed a genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using hepatitis C virus-infected liver tissue from 190 individuals. Results: We discovered that polymorphism in a type III interferon gene (IFNL4), which eliminates IFN-λ4 production, is associated with a two-fold increase in ACE2 RNA expression. Conversely, among genes negatively correlated with ACE2 expression, IFN-signalling pathways were highly enriched and ACE2 was downregulated after IFN-α treatment. Negative correlation was also found in the gastrointestinal tract where inflammation driven IFN-stimulated genes were negatively correlated with ACE2 expression and in lung tissue from a murine model of SARS-CoV-1 infection suggesting conserved regulation of ACE2 across tissue and species. Conclusions: We conclude that ACE2 is likely a negatively-regulated interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) and carriage of IFNL4 gene alleles which modulates ISGs expression in viral infection may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis with implications for therapeutic interventions.
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8
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Liu PJ, Harris JM, Marchi E, D'Arienzo V, Michler T, Wing PAC, Magri A, Ortega-Prieto AM, van de Klundert M, Wettengel J, Durantel D, Dorner M, Klenerman P, Protzer U, Giotis ES, McKeating JA. Hypoxic gene expression in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients is not observed in state-of-the-art in vitro and mouse infection models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14101. [PMID: 32839523 PMCID: PMC7445281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is a key mammalian oxygen sensing pathway and is frequently perturbed by pathological states including infection and inflammation. We discovered a significant upregulation of hypoxia regulated gene transcripts in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the absence of liver cirrhosis. We used state-of-the-art in vitro and in vivo HBV infection models to evaluate a role for HBV infection and the viral regulatory protein HBx to drive HIF-signalling. HBx had no significant impact on HIF expression or associated transcriptional activity under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found no evidence of hypoxia gene expression in HBV de novo infection, HBV infected human liver chimeric mice or transgenic mice with integrated HBV genome. Collectively, our data show clear evidence of hypoxia gene induction in CHB that is not recapitulated in existing models for acute HBV infection, suggesting a role for inflammatory mediators in promoting hypoxia gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jianrui Liu
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - James M Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Medawar Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Valentina D'Arienzo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Thomas Michler
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto
- Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maarten van de Klundert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, and University of Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Marcus Dorner
- Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Medawar Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Giotis
- Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, C04 3SQ, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
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Hinks TSC, Marchi E, Jabeen M, Olshansky M, Kurioka A, Pediongco TJ, Meehan BS, Kostenko L, Turner SJ, Corbett AJ, Chen Z, Klenerman P, McCluskey J. Activation and In Vivo Evolution of the MAIT Cell Transcriptome in Mice and Humans Reveals Tissue Repair Functionality. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3249-3262.e5. [PMID: 31533045 PMCID: PMC6859474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells conserved across mammalian species, including mice and humans. By sequencing RNA from sorted MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+ cells derived from either human blood or murine lungs, we define the basic transcriptome of an activated MAIT cell in both species and demonstrate how this profile changes during the resolution of infection and during reinfection. We observe strong similarities between MAIT cells in humans and mice. In both species, activation leads to strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as a strong tissue repair signature, recently described in murine commensal-specific H2-M3-restricted T cells. Transcriptomes of MAIT cells and H2-M3-specific CD8+ T cells displayed the most similarities to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells when activated, but to γδ T cells after the resolution of infection. These data define the requirements for and consequences of MAIT cell activation, revealing a tissue repair phenotype expressed upon MAIT cell activation in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S C Hinks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX1 3SY, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Maisha Jabeen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Moshe Olshansky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ayako Kurioka
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX1 3SY, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Troi J Pediongco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lyudmila Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX1 3SY, Oxfordshire, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Level 5 John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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10
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Leng T, Akther HD, Hackstein CP, Powell K, King T, Friedrich M, Christoforidou Z, McCuaig S, Neyazi M, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Hagel J, Powrie F, Peres RS, Millar V, Ebner D, Lamichhane R, Ussher J, Hinks TSC, Marchi E, Willberg C, Klenerman P. TCR and Inflammatory Signals Tune Human MAIT Cells to Exert Specific Tissue Repair and Effector Functions. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3077-3091.e5. [PMID: 31533032 PMCID: PMC6899450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MAIT cells are an unconventional T cell population that can be activated through both TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms. Here, we examined the impact of combinations of TCR-dependent and TCR-independent signals in human CD8+ MAIT cells. TCR-independent activation of these MAIT cells from blood and gut was maximized by extending the panel of cytokines to include TNF-superfamily member TL1A. RNA-seq experiments revealed that TCR-dependent and TCR-independent signals drive MAIT cells to exert overlapping and specific effector functions, affecting both host defense and tissue homeostasis. Although TCR triggering alone is insufficient to drive sustained activation, TCR-triggered MAIT cells showed specific enrichment of tissue-repair functions at the gene and protein levels and in in vitro assays. Altogether, these data indicate the blend of TCR-dependent and TCR-independent signaling to CD8+ MAIT cells may play a role in controlling the balance between healthy and pathological processes of tissue inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Leng
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Hossain Delowar Akther
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kate Powell
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Thomas King
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Zoe Christoforidou
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sarah McCuaig
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mastura Neyazi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | - Joachim Hagel
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | - Val Millar
- Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rajesh Lamichhane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - James Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Chris Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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11
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Phetsouphanh C, Aldridge D, Marchi E, Munier CML, Meyerowitz J, Murray L, Van Vuuren C, Goedhals D, Fidler S, Kelleher A, Klenerman P, Frater J. Maintenance of Functional CD57+ Cytolytic CD4+ T Cells in HIV+ Elite Controllers. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1844. [PMID: 31440240 PMCID: PMC6694780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic CD4+ T cells play a prominent role in chronic viral infection. CD4+ CTLs clones specific for HIV-1 Nef and Gag are capable of killing HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Additionally, HIV-specific cytolytic CD4+ T cell responses in acute HIV infection are predictive of disease progression. CD57 expression on CD4s identifies cytolytic cells. These cells were dramatically increased in chronic HIV infection. CD57 expression correlated with cytolytic granules, granzyme B and perforin expression. They express lower CCR5 compared to CD57- cells, have less HIV total DNA, and were a minor component of the HIV reservoir. A small percentage of CD57+ CD4+ CTLs from EC were HIV-specific, could upregulate IFNγ with Gag peptide stimulation, express cytolytic granule markers and maintain TbethighEomes+ transcription factor phenotype. This was not observed in viraemic controllers. The maintenance of HIV-specific CD4 cytolytic function in Elite controllers together with CD8 CTLs may be important for the control of HIV viraemia and of potential relevance to cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Aldridge
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mee Ling Munier
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodi Meyerowitz
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Murray
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dominique Goedhals
- National Health Laboratory Service, Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Anthony Kelleher
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Ma H, Marchi E, Cheng B, O'Connor O. SURVIVAL BENEFIT WITH NOVEL AGENTS IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMAS (PTCL): THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCE. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.151_2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ma
- Hematology/Oncology; New York Presbyterian Hospital - Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - E. Marchi
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - B. Cheng
- Biostatistics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - O.A. O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
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13
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Falchi L, Lue J, Montanari F, Marchi E, Amengual J, Sawas A, Deng C, Khan K, Kim H, Rada A, Malanga M, Francescone M, Soderquist C, Park D, Bhagat G, Sokol L, Shustov A, O'Connor O. TARGETING THE PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA (PTCL) EPIGENOME WITH ORAL 5-AZACYTIDINE AND ROMIDEPSIN: RESULTS AND CLINICAL-MOLECULAR CORRELATIONS FROM A PHASE 2 STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.135_2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Falchi
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - J.K. Lue
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - F. Montanari
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - E. Marchi
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - J.E. Amengual
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - A. Sawas
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - C. Deng
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - K. Khan
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - H.A. Kim
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - A. Rada
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - M. Malanga
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - M.F. Francescone
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - C.R. Soderquist
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - D.C. Park
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - G. Bhagat
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - L. Sokol
- Malignant Hematology; Moffitt Cancer Center/University of South Florida; Tampa United States
| | - A.R. Shustov
- Medicine; University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle United States
| | - O.A. O'Connor
- Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
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14
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Marchi E, Tobinai K, Maruyama D, Nagai H, O'Connor O. ANALYSIS OF PUBLISHED TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY (R/R) PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA (PTCL): AN EVIDENCE BASED DECISION MAKING APPROACH. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.153_2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Marchi
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - K. Tobinai
- Department of Hematology; National Cancer Center Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - D. Maruyama
- Department of Hematology; National Cancer Center Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nagai
- Hematology/Oncology Research; National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center; Nagoya Japan
| | - O.A. O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
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15
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Highton AJ, Zinser ME, Lee LN, Hutchings CL, De Lara C, Phetsouphanh C, Willberg CB, Gordon CL, Klenerman P, Marchi E. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of CD8 + T-cell memory inflation. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:78. [PMID: 31448339 PMCID: PMC6688724 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15115.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Persistent viruses such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and adenovirus-based vaccines induce strong, sustained CD8 + T-cell responses, described as memory "inflation". These retain functionality, home to peripheral organs and are associated with a distinct transcriptional program. Methods: To further define the nature of the transcriptional mechanisms underpinning memory inflation at different sites we used single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted cells from MCMV-infected mice, analyzing transcriptional networks in virus-specific populations in the spleen and gut intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Results: We provide a transcriptional map of T-cell memory and define a module of gene expression, which distinguishes memory inflation in spleen from resident memory T-cells (T RM) in the gut. Conclusions: These data indicate that CD8 + T-cell memory in the gut epithelium induced by persistent viruses and vaccines has a distinct quality from both conventional memory and "inflationary" memory which may be relevant to protection against mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Highton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Madeleine E. Zinser
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Claire L. Hutchings
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Catherine De Lara
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Chansavath Phetsouphanh
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Chris B. Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX42PG, UK
| | - Claire L. Gordon
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX42PG, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX13SY, UK
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16
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Marchi E, Lee LN, Klenerman P. Inflation vs. Exhaustion of Antiviral CD8+ T-Cell Populations in Persistent Infections: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Immunol 2019; 10:197. [PMID: 30894851 PMCID: PMC6414785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent virus infection can drive CD8+ T-cell responses which are markedly divergent in terms of frequency, phenotype, function, and distribution. On the one hand viruses such as Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) Clone 13 can drive T-cell "exhaustion", associated with upregulation of checkpoint molecules, loss of effector functions, and diminished control of viral replication. On the other, low-level persistence of viruses such as Cytomegalovirus and Adenoviral vaccines can drive memory "inflation," associated with sustained populations of CD8+ T-cells over time, with maintained effector functions and a distinct phenotype. Underpinning these divergent memory pools are distinct transcriptional patterns-we aimed to compare these to explore the regulation of CD8+ T-cell memory against persistent viruses at the level of molecular networks and address whether dysregulation of specific modules may account for the phenotype observed. By exploring in parallel and also merging existing datasets derived from different investigators we attempted to develop a combined model of inflation vs. exhaustion and investigate the gene expression networks that are shared in these memory pools. In such comparisons, co-ordination of a critical module of genes driven by Tbx21 is markedly different between the two memory types. These exploratory data highlight both the molecular similarities as well as the differences between inflation and exhaustion and we hypothesize that co-ordinated regulation of a key genetic module may underpin the markedly different resultant functions and phenotypes in vivo-an idea which could be tested directly in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Hilvering B, Hinks TSC, Stöger L, Marchi E, Salimi M, Shrimanker R, Liu W, Chen W, Luo J, Go S, Powell T, Cane J, Thulborn S, Kurioka A, Leng T, Matthews J, Connolly C, Borg C, Bafadhel M, Willberg CB, Ramasamy A, Djukanović R, Ogg G, Pavord ID, Klenerman P, Xue L. Correction: Synergistic activation of pro-inflammatory type-2 CD8 + T lymphocytes by lipid mediators in severe eosinophilic asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:581. [PMID: 30518781 PMCID: PMC8075928 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article was originally published under standard licence, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hilvering
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy S. C. Hinks
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000000103590315grid.123047.3Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Linda Stöger
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Salimi
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rahul Shrimanker
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wentao Chen
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jian Luo
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simei Go
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Powell
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Cane
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samantha Thulborn
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ayako Kurioka
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Tianqi Leng
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Matthews
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Connolly
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Borg
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian B. Willberg
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Transcriptomic Core Facility, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- 0000000103590315grid.123047.3Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK ,0000000103590315grid.123047.3NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian D. Pavord
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Luzheng Xue
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Ramamurthy N, Marchi E, Ansari MA, Pedergnana V, Mclean A, Hudson E, Bowden R, Spencer CC, Barnes E, Klenerman P. Impact of Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype on Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression During Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C. Hepatology 2018; 68. [PMID: 29534310 PMCID: PMC6207923 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New directly acting antivirals (DAAs) provide very high cure rates in most patients infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, some patient groups have been relatively harder to treat, including those with cirrhosis or infected with HCV genotype 3. In the recent BOSON trial, genotype 3, patients with cirrhosis receiving a 16-week course of sofosbuvir and ribavirin had a sustained virological response (SVR) rate of around 50%. In patients with cirrhosis, interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) CC genotype was significantly associated with SVR. This genotype was also associated with a lower interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature in peripheral blood and in liver at baseline. Unexpectedly, patients with the CC genotype showed a dynamic increase in ISG expression between weeks 4 and 16 of DAA therapy, whereas the reverse was true for non-CC patients. Conclusion: These data provide an important dynamic link between host genotype and phenotype in HCV therapy also potentially relevant to naturally acquired infection. (Hepatology 2018; 00:000-000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Ramamurthy
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroeneterology Unit, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroeneterology Unit, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - M. Azim Ansari
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroeneterology Unit, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom,Oxford Martin SchoolUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincent Pedergnana
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Angela Mclean
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Hudson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroeneterology Unit, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris C.A. Spencer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroeneterology Unit, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroeneterology Unit, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Barbanti M, Calanni F, Milani MR, Marchi E, Semeraro N, Colucci M. Therapeutic Effect of a Low Molecular Weight Dermatan Sulphate (Desmin 370) in Rat Venous Thrombosis - Evidence for an Anticoagulant-Independent Mechanism. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1651571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWe evaluated the capacity of a low molecular weight dermatan sulphate (D370) to prevent thrombus formation and to induce a reduction of a stabilized thrombus in a rat venous thrombosis model. Injection of D370, 10 min before induction of venous stasis (prevention model), prevented thrombus formation in a dose-dependent way (ED50: 2.3 mg/kg). When given to rats 6 h after induction of venous stasis (therapeutic model), D370 caused a time- and dose-dependent reduction in thrombus size (60% to 70% reduction 2 h after injection of 10 mg/kg). At comparable antithrombotic dosages (i.e. minimum dose giving complete inhibition of thrombus formation), heparin (0.5 mg/kg) only caused 40% reduction of a preformed thrombus while hirudin (1 mg/kg) was virtually ineffective (less than 10% reduction in weight). All three compounds inhibited 125I-fibrin(ogen) deposition on 6-h aged thrombi by more than 85%, suggesting that D370 and, to a lesser extent, heparin reduce thrombus size via mechanisms other than inhibition of thrombus accretion. The involvement of a fibrinolysis-mediated mechanism in the D370-induced effect is suggested by the following. EACA (1 g/kg), when given to thrombus-bearing control animals, did not influence thrombus weight. However, when administered before D370 treatment, it prevented the expected reduction in thrombus weight by more than 80%, without influencing the effect of D370 on 125I-fibrin(ogen) accumulation onto preexisting thrombi. D370 injection caused neither an enhancement of fibrinolytic activity nor a reduction of PAI in plasma. In vitro, D370 (200 μg/ml) was unable to potentiate the spontaneous or PA-induced lysis of 125I-fibrinogen labelled blood, plasma, or purified fibrin clots. It is suggested that prevention of thrombus formation by D370 is related mainly to inhibition of blood coagulation, whereas reduction of the weight of aged thrombi is primarily due to an anticoagulant-independent mechanism, most probably involving local enhancement of the fibrinolytic process. D370 may represent an alternative pharmacologic agent both in the prevention and in the therapy of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barbanti
- Alfa Wassermann, Bologna, University of Bari, Italy
| | - F Calanni
- Alfa Wassermann, Bologna, University of Bari, Italy
| | - M R Milani
- Alfa Wassermann, Bologna, University of Bari, Italy
| | - E Marchi
- Alfa Wassermann, Bologna, University of Bari, Italy
| | - N Semeraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of General Pathology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - M Colucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of General Pathology, University of Bari, Italy
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20
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Zinser ME, Highton AJ, Kurioka A, Kronsteiner B, Hagel J, Leng T, Marchi E, Phetsouphanh C, Willberg CB, Dunachie SJ, Klenerman P. Human MAIT cells show metabolic quiescence with rapid glucose-dependent upregulation of granzyme B upon stimulation. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:666-674. [PMID: 29423939 PMCID: PMC6055666 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a well‐characterized innate‐like T cell population abundant in the human liver, peripheral tissues and blood. MAIT cells serve in the first line of defense against infections, through engagement of their T cell receptor, which recognizes microbial metabolites presented on MR1, and through cytokine‐mediated triggering. Typically, they show a quiescent memory phenotype but can undergo rapid upregulation of effector functions including cytolysis upon stimulation. T cells profoundly change their cellular metabolism during their maturation and activation. We sought to determine how MAIT cell metabolism may facilitate both the long‐term memory phase in tissue and the transition to rapid effector function. Here, we show, by flow cytometric metabolism assays and extracellular flux analysis that, despite an effector‐memory profile, human MAIT cells are metabolically quiescent in a resting state comparable to naïve and central memory T cells. Upon stimulation, they rapidly increase uptake of glucose and show a concomitant upregulation of the effector molecules notably granzyme B, which is impaired by inhibition of glycolysis with 2‐deoxyglucose. These findings suggest that MAIT cells share some metabolic characteristics of both resting and effector T cell subsets, with a rapid transition upon triggering. Metabolic programming of this cell type may be of interest in understanding and modulating their function in infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Zinser
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Highton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ayako Kurioka
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Hagel
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tianqi Leng
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chansavath Phetsouphanh
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris B Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Santander CG, Gambron P, Marchi E, Karamitros T, Katzourakis A, Magiorkinis G. STEAK: A specific tool for transposable elements and retrovirus detection in high-throughput sequencing data. Virus Evol 2017; 3:vex023. [PMID: 28948042 PMCID: PMC5597868 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vex023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancements of high-throughput genomics have unveiled much about the human genome highlighting the importance of variations between individuals and their contribution to disease. Even though numerous software have been developed to make sense of large genomics datasets, a major short falling of these has been the inability to cope with repetitive regions, specifically to validate structural variants and accordingly assess their role in disease. Here we describe our program STEAK, a massively parallel software designed to detect chimeric reads in high-throughput sequencing data for a broad number of applications such as identifying presence/absence, as well as discovery of transposable elements (TEs), and retroviral integrations. We highlight the capabilities of STEAK by comparing its efficacy in locating HERV-K HML-2 in clinical whole genome projects, target enrichment sequences, and in the 1000 Genomes CEU Trio to the performance of other TE and virus detecting tools. We show that STEAK outperforms other software in terms of computational efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. We demonstrate that STEAK is a robust tool, which allows analysts to flexibly detect and evaluate TE and retroviral integrations in a diverse range of sequencing projects for both research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Gambron
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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O'Connor O, Marchi E, Kim W. CASE MATCH CONTROL ANALYSIS OF PROPEL REVEALS A SURVIVAL ADVANTAGE FOR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED PTCL RECEIVING PRALATREXATE: A NOVEL APPROACH TO BENCHMARK DRUGS IN RARE DISEASES. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2438_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O.A. O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies; Columbia University Medical Center; New York USA
| | - E. Marchi
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies; Columbia University Medical Center; New York USA
| | - W.S. Kim
- Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea, Republic of
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23
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Jenkins EC, Ye L, Marchi E, Krinsky-McHale SJ, Zigman WB, Schupf N, Silverman WP. An improved method for detecting telomere size differences in T-lymphocyte interphases from older people with Down syndrome with and without mild cognitive impairment. Biol Methods Protoc 2017; 2:bpx005. [PMID: 32161788 PMCID: PMC6994080 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere size (quantified by fluorescence intensity and physical lengths) in short-term T-lymphocyte cultures from adults with Down syndrome (DS) with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI-DS) or dementia was compared. For these studies, dementia status was determined based on longitudinal assessments employing a battery of cognitive and functional assessments developed to distinguish adult-onset impairment from preexisting developmental disability. In the course of our studies using a MetaSystems Image Analyzer in combination with ISIS software and a Zeiss Axioskop 2, we found that Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) telomere fluorescence referenced to chromosome 2-identified FITC probe fluorescence as a nontelomere standard (telomere/cen2 ratio) showed great promise as a biomarker of early decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in this high-risk population. We have now obtained a cen (2) CY3 probe that can clearly be distinguished from the blue-green FITC interphase telomere probe, providing a clear distinction between telomere and centromere fluorescence in both interphase and metaphase. We used FITC/CY3 light intensity ratios to compare telomere length in interphases in adults with DS with and without MCI-DS or dementia. Five age-matched female and five age-matched male pairs (n = 10) all showed clear evidence of telomere shortening associated with clinical progression of AD (P < 0.002 - P < 0.000001), with distributions of mean values for cases and controls showing no overlap. We also examined the time needed for microscopy using interphase versus metaphase fluorescence preparations. With interphase preparations, examination time was reduced by an order of magnitude compared with metaphase preparations, indicating that the methods employed herein have considerable practical promise for translation into broad diagnostic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. C. Jenkins
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, 10314 NY, USA
| | - L. Ye
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, 10314 NY, USA
| | - E. Marchi
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, 10314 NY, USA
| | - S. J. Krinsky-McHale
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, 10314 NY, USA
| | - W. B. Zigman
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, 10314 NY, USA
| | - N. Schupf
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, 10314 NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging Research, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - W. P. Silverman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
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24
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Ramamurthy N, Boninsegna S, Adams R, Sahgal N, Lockstone H, Baban D, Marchi E, Klenerman P. Impact of IL-27 on hepatocyte antiviral gene expression and function. Wellcome Open Res 2016; 1:17. [PMID: 28058287 PMCID: PMC5207303 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9917.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin (IL)-27 is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family of cytokines. It is a potent cytokine, with potential antiviral impact, and has been shown to play a role in modulating functions of diverse cell types, including Th1, Th2, and NK and B cells, demonstrating both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. In hepatocytes, it is capable of inducing signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3 and interferon-stimulated genes. Methods: To address its role in viral hepatitis, the antiviral activity of IL-27 against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) was tested
in vitro using cell-culture-derived infectious HCV (HCVcc) cell culture system and the HepaRG HBV cell culture model. To further investigate the impact of IL-27 on hepatocytes, Huh7.5 cells were treated with IL-27 to analyse the differentially expressed genes by microarray analysis. Furthermore, by quantitative PCR, we analyzed the up-regulation of chemokine
(CXCL)-10 in response to IL-27. Results: In both HCV and HBV infection models, we observed only a modest direct antiviral effect. Microarray analysis showed that the up-regulated genes mostly belonged to antigen presentation and DNA replication pathways, and involved strong up-regulation of
CXCL-10, a gene associated with liver inflammation. Overall, gene set enrichment analysis showed a striking correlation of these genes with those up-regulated in response to related cytokines in diverse cell populations. Conclusion: Our data indicate that IL-27 can have a significant pro-inflammatory impact
in vitro, although the direct antiviral effect is modest. It may have a potential impact on hepatocyte function, especially chemokine expression and antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Ramamurthy
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Adams
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dilair Baban
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Neri F, Foderi C, Laschi A, Fabiano F, Cambi M, Sciarra G, Aprea MC, Cenni A, Marchi E. Determining exhaust fumes exposure in chainsaw operations. Environ Pollut 2016; 218:1162-1169. [PMID: 27614911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the inhalation exposure of forest operators to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and total xylenes) contained in the exhaust fumes released from chainsaws and to suggest possible countermeasures. The study was carried out in four silvicultural treatments (coppice clearcut, conifer thinning, conifer pruning, and sanitary cut), using three types of chainsaw fuel (normal two-stroke petrol mix and two alkylate fuels). Eighty personal air samples were collected; IOM samplers combined with Amberlite XAD-2 sorbent tubes were used for collecting PAHs and Radiello® samplers were used for BTEX. Results indicate that none of the four silvicultural treatments significantly affected the PAHs and BTEX inhalation exposure of forest workers. On the other hand, statistically significant differences were recorded in the inhalation exposure to PAHs and BTEX when using different fuel types. In particular, the inhalation exposure to PAHs and BTEX was generally one order of magnitude lower when using modern alkylate fuels as compared to the traditional oil and lead-free petrol mixture. The small, non-statistically significant differences in inhalation exposure recorded between the two alkylate fuels suggests that the two fuels might be equivalent in terms of quality. Our study indicates that while forest workers are exposed to PAHs and BTEX, the maximum values are generally well below accepted occupational exposure limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Neri
- GESAAF - University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
| | - C Foderi
- GESAAF - University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
| | - A Laschi
- GESAAF - University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
| | - F Fabiano
- GESAAF - University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
| | - M Cambi
- GESAAF - University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
| | - G Sciarra
- Public Health Laboratory, National Health Service, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M C Aprea
- Public Health Laboratory, National Health Service, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - A Cenni
- Public Health Laboratory, National Health Service, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - E Marchi
- GESAAF - University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
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26
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Bolinger B, Sims S, Swadling L, O'Hara G, de Lara C, Baban D, Saghal N, Lee LN, Marchi E, Davis M, Newell E, Capone S, Folgori A, Barnes E, Klenerman P. Adenoviral Vector Vaccination Induces a Conserved Program of CD8(+) T Cell Memory Differentiation in Mouse and Man. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1578-88. [PMID: 26586434 PMCID: PMC4670868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following exposure to vaccines, antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses develop as long-term memory pools. Vaccine strategies based on adenoviral vectors, e.g., those developed for HCV, are able to induce and sustain substantial CD8+ T cell populations. How such populations evolve following vaccination remains to be defined at a transcriptional level. We addressed the transcriptional regulation of divergent CD8+ T cell memory pools induced by an adenovector encoding a model antigen (beta-galactosidase). We observe transcriptional profiles that mimic those following infection with persistent pathogens, murine and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Key transcriptional hallmarks include upregulation of homing receptors and anti-apoptotic pathways, driven by conserved networks of transcription factors, including T-bet. In humans, an adenovirus vaccine induced similar CMV-like phenotypes and transcription factor regulation. These data clarify the core features of CD8+ T cell memory following vaccination with adenovectors and indicate a conserved pathway for memory development shared with persistent herpesviruses. Adenovector vaccination induces two transcriptionally distinct CD8 memory responses The sustained response induced by adenovectors and CMV is closely related The core molecular features are shared tightly in mouse and man Adenovaccines in humans induce a CD8 response that recapitulates these core features
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bolinger
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stuart Sims
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Geraldine O'Hara
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Catherine de Lara
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Dilair Baban
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natasha Saghal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Mark Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Evan Newell
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ellie Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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27
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Van Gool I, Eggink F, Freeman-Mills L, Stelloo E, Marchi E, Palles C, De Bruyn M, Nout R, De Kroon C, Osse M, Klenerman P, Creutzberg C, Tomlinson I, Smit V, Nijman H, Bosse T, Church D. 207 POLE proofreading mutations elicit an anti-tumor immune response in endometrial cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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van Gool IC, Eggink FA, Freeman-Mills L, Stelloo E, Marchi E, de Bruyn M, Palles C, Nout RA, de Kroon CD, Osse EM, Klenerman P, Creutzberg CL, Tomlinson IPM, Smit VTHBM, Nijman HW, Bosse T, Church DN. POLE Proofreading Mutations Elicit an Antitumor Immune Response in Endometrial Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3347-3355. [PMID: 25878334 PMCID: PMC4627582 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown that 7% to 12% of endometrial cancers are ultramutated due to somatic mutation in the proofreading exonuclease domain of the DNA replicase POLE. Interestingly, these tumors have an excellent prognosis. In view of the emerging data linking mutation burden, immune response, and clinical outcome in cancer, we investigated whether POLE-mutant endometrial cancers showed evidence of increased immunogenicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined immune infiltration and activation according to tumor POLE proofreading mutation in a molecularly defined endometrial cancer cohort including 47 POLE-mutant tumors. We sought to confirm our results by analysis of RNAseq data from the TCGA endometrial cancer series and used the same series to examine whether differences in immune infiltration could be explained by an enrichment of immunogenic neoepitopes in POLE-mutant endometrial cancers. RESULTS Compared with other endometrial cancers, POLE mutants displayed an enhanced cytotoxic T-cell response, evidenced by increased numbers of CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD8A expression, enrichment for a tumor-infiltrating T-cell gene signature, and strong upregulation of the T-cell cytotoxic differentiation and effector markers T-bet, Eomes, IFNG, PRF, and granzyme B. This was accompanied by upregulation of T-cell exhaustion markers, consistent with chronic antigen exposure. In silico analysis confirmed that POLE-mutant cancers are predicted to display more antigenic neoepitopes than other endometrial cancers, providing a potential explanation for our findings. CONCLUSIONS Ultramutated POLE proofreading-mutant endometrial cancers are characterized by a robust intratumoral T-cell response, which correlates with, and may be caused by an enrichment of antigenic neopeptides. Our study provides a plausible mechanism for the excellent prognosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge C van Gool
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florine A Eggink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PO 30.001 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Freeman-Mills
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford. Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ellen Stelloo
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Immunity Theme, NIHR Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PO 30.001 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Palles
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford. Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Remi A Nout
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cor D de Kroon
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Osse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Immunity Theme, NIHR Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Carien L Creutzberg
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian PM Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford. Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford. Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vincent THBM Smit
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PO 30.001 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David N Church
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford. Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Chamas Z, Marchi E, Presson B, Aubert E, Fort Y, Ceroni P, Mamane V. Synthesis and solid-state fluorescence properties of pentacyclic 7-substituted-indeno[1′,2′:4,5]pyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New pentacyclic indeno[1′,2′:4,5]pyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones were designed which possess quantum yields in the solid state up to 32%. The importance of the substituent in 7-position was highlighted through crystal packing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Chamas
- Laboratoire SRSMC
- UMR CNRS 7565
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
- France
| | - E. Marchi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- University of Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - B. Presson
- Laboratoire SRSMC
- UMR CNRS 7565
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
- France
| | - E. Aubert
- Laboratoire CRM2
- UMR CNRS 7036
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
- France
| | - Y. Fort
- Laboratoire SRSMC
- UMR CNRS 7565
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
- France
| | - P. Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- University of Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - V. Mamane
- Laboratoire SRSMC
- UMR CNRS 7565
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
- France
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30
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Fergusson JR, Smith KE, Fleming VM, Rajoriya N, Newell EW, Simmons R, Marchi E, Björkander S, Kang YH, Swadling L, Kurioka A, Sahgal N, Lockstone H, Baban D, Freeman GJ, Sverremark-Ekström E, Davis MM, Davenport MP, Venturi V, Ussher JE, Willberg CB, Klenerman P. CD161 defines a transcriptional and functional phenotype across distinct human T cell lineages. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1075-88. [PMID: 25437561 PMCID: PMC4250839 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin CD161 is expressed by a large proportion of human T lymphocytes of all lineages, including a population known as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. To understand whether different T cell subsets expressing CD161 have similar properties, we examined these populations in parallel using mass cytometry and mRNA microarray approaches. The analysis identified a conserved CD161++/MAIT cell transcriptional signature enriched in CD161+CD8+ T cells, which can be extended to CD161+ CD4+ and CD161+TCRγδ+ T cells. Furthermore, this led to the identification of a shared innate-like, TCR-independent response to interleukin (IL)-12 plus IL-18 by different CD161-expressing T cell populations. This response was independent of regulation by CD161, which acted as a costimulatory molecule in the context of T cell receptor stimulation. Expression of CD161 hence identifies a transcriptional and functional phenotype, shared across human T lymphocytes and independent of both T cell receptor (TCR) expression and cell lineage. CD161 expression defines specific T cell subsets, including CD8+, CD4+, and TCRγδ+ CD161-expressing lymphocytes possess a conserved transcriptional signature CD161-expressing lymphocytes display a shared innate response to IL-12+18 CD161 can act as a costimulatory receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannah R Fergusson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Kira E Smith
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Vicki M Fleming
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Neil Rajoriya
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Evan W Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Ruth Simmons
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu-Hoi Kang
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Ayako Kurioka
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Dilair Baban
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Kensington, NSW NS2 2052, Australia
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Kensington, NSW NS2 2052, Australia
| | - James E Ussher
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Christian B Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9TU, UK.
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Abstract
In the June 5th 2012 issue of Current Biology, Agoni et al.[1] reported finding 14 endogenous retrovirus (ERV) loci in the genome sequences of Neanderthal and/or Denisovan fossils (both ∼40,000 years old) that are not found in the human reference genome sequence. The authors [1] concluded that these retroviruses were infecting the germline of these archaic hominins at or subsequent to their divergence from modern humans (∼400,000 years ago). However, in our search for unfixed ERVs in the modern human population, we have found most of these loci. We explain this apparent contradiction using population genetic theory and suggest that it illustrates an important phenomenon for the study of transposable elements such as ERVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marchi
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Alex Kanapin
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Matthew Byott
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK; Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
| | - Robert Belshaw
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Beverley PCL, Ruzsics Z, Hey A, Hutchings C, Boos S, Bolinger B, Marchi E, O'Hara G, Klenerman P, Koszinowski UH, Tchilian EZ. A novel murine cytomegalovirus vaccine vector protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 2014; 193:2306-16. [PMID: 25070842 PMCID: PMC4134927 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health problem so that a more effective vaccine than bacillus Calmette–Guérin is urgently needed. Cytomegaloviruses persist lifelong in vivo and induce powerful immune and increasing (“inflationary”) responses, making them attractive vaccine vectors. We have used an m1–m16-deleted recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag 85A to show that infection of mice with this recombinant significantly reduces the mycobacterial load after challenge with M. tuberculosis, whereas control empty virus has a lesser effect. Both viruses induce immune responses to H-2d–restricted epitopes of MCMV pp89 and M18 Ags characteristic of infection with other MCMVs. A low frequency of 85A-specific memory cells could be revealed by in vivo or in vitro boosting or after challenge with M. tuberculosis. Kinetic analysis of M. tuberculosis growth in the lungs of CMV-infected mice shows early inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth abolished by treatment with NK-depleting anti–asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide Ab. Microarray analysis of the lungs of naive and CMV-infected mice shows increased IL-21 mRNA in infected mice, whereas in vitro NK assays indicate increased levels of NK activity. These data indicate that activation of NK cells by MCMV provides early nonspecific protection against M. tuberculosis, potentiated by a weak 85A-specific T cell response, and they reinforce the view that the innate immune system plays an important role in both natural and vaccine-induced protection against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C L Beverley
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ariann Hey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Claire Hutchings
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simone Boos
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Bolinger
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Geraldine O'Hara
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ulrich H Koszinowski
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elma Z Tchilian
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
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Moyo NA, Marchi E, Steinbach F. Differentiation and activation of equine monocyte-derived dendritic cells are not correlated with CD206 or CD83 expression. Immunology 2013; 139:472-83. [PMID: 23461413 PMCID: PMC3719064 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the main immune mediators inducing primary immune responses. DC generated from monocytes (MoDC) are a model system to study the biology of DC in vitro, as they represent inflammatory DC in vivo. Previous studies on the generation of MoDC in horses indicated that there was no distinct difference between immature and mature DC and that the expression profile was distinctly different from humans, where CD206 is expressed on immature MoDC whereas CD83 is expressed on mature MoDC. Here we describe the kinetics of equine MoDC differentiation and activation, analysing both phenotypic and functional characteristics. Blood monocytes were first differentiated with equine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 generating immature DC (iMoDC). These cells were further activated with a cocktail of cytokines including interferon-γ) but not CD40 ligand to obtain mature DC (mMoDC). To determine the expression of a broad range of markers for which no monoclonal antibodies were available to analyse the protein expression, microarray and quantitative PCR analysis were performed to carry out gene expression analysis. This study demonstrates that equine iMoDC and mMoDC can be distinguished both phenotypically and functionally but the expression pattern of some markers including CD206 and CD83 is dissimilar to the human system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathifa A Moyo
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories AgencyNew Haw, Addlestone, UK
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Microbial and Cellular SciencesGuildford, UK
| | | | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories AgencyNew Haw, Addlestone, UK
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Santopolo L, Marchi E, Frediani L, Decorosi F, Viti C, Giovannetti L. A novel approach combining the Calgary Biofilm Device and Phenotype MicroArray for the characterization of the chemical sensitivity of bacterial biofilms. Biofouling 2012; 28:1023-1032. [PMID: 23004019 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.726352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method for screening the metabolic susceptibility of biofilms to toxic compounds was developed by combining the Calgary Biofilm Device (MBEC device) and Phenotype MicroArray (PM) technology. The method was developed using Pseudomonas alcaliphila 34, a Cr(VI)-hyper-resistant bacterium, as the test organism. P. alcaliphila produced a robust biofilm after incubation for 16 h, reaching the maximum value after incubation for 24 h (9.4 × 10(6) ± 3.3 × 10(6) CFU peg(-1)). In order to detect the metabolic activity of cells in the biofilm, dye E (5×) and menadione sodium bisulphate (100 μM) were selected for redox detection chemistry, because they produced a high colorimetric yield in response to bacterial metabolism (340.4 ± 6.9 Omnilog Arbitrary Units). This combined approach, which avoids the limitations of traditional plate counts, was validated by testing the susceptibility of P. alcaliphila biofilm to 22 toxic compounds. For each compound the concentration level that significantly lowered the metabolic activity of the biofilm was identified. Chemical sensitivity analysis of the planktonic culture was also performed, allowing comparison of the metabolic susceptibility patterns of biofilm and planktonic cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Santopolo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie - sezione di Microbiologia and Laboratorio Genexpress, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Romei M, D'Angelo MG, LoMauro A, Gandossini S, Bonato S, Brighina E, Marchi E, Comi GP, Turconi AC, Pedotti A, Bresolin N, Aliverti A. Low abdominal contribution to breathing as daytime predictor of nocturnal desaturation in adolescents and young adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Respir Med 2011; 106:276-83. [PMID: 22083092 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the respiratory management of DMD patients it is still under debate what parameter should indicate the correct timing for institution of nocturnal non-invasive ventilation (NIV), in addition to forced vital capacity, which is generally considered as a prognostic marker of disease progression. The aim of this study was to determine if volume variations of rib cage and abdominal compartments measured by Opto-Electronic Plethysmography can be helpful to distinguish between those patients who are in the early stages of nocturnal oxygen desaturation development and those who do not yet. Pulmonary function, abdominal contribution to tidal volume and to inspiratory capacity (%Abd IC) and a set of breathing pattern indexes were assessed in 40 DMD patients older than 14 years and not yet under nocturnal NIV. ROC analysis revealed that among all the considered parameters, %Abd IC in supine position was the best discriminator between DeSat (at least 10% of the night time with SpO(2) < 95%) and NonDeSat patients, providing an area under the curve with 95%CI equal to 0.752. In conclusion, in adolescents and adults DMD patients who present either no sign or only mild nocturnal oxygen desaturation, a reduced abdominal contribution to inspiratory capacity is a marker of the onset of diaphragm weakness and should be considered to identify the correct timing for the institution of nocturnal NIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romei
- IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
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36
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Roy NBA, Myerson S, Schuh AH, Bignell P, Patel R, Wainscoat JS, McGowan S, Marchi E, Atoyebi W, Littlewood T, Chacko J, Vyas P, Killick SB. Cardiac iron overload in transfusion-dependent patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:521-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Goardon N, Marchi E, Atzberger A, Quek L, Schuh A, Soneji S, Woll P, Mead A, Alford KA, Rout R, Chaudhury S, Gilkes A, Knapper S, Beldjord K, Begum S, Rose S, Geddes N, Griffiths M, Standen G, Sternberg A, Cavenagh J, Hunter H, Bowen D, Killick S, Robinson L, Price A, Macintyre E, Virgo P, Burnett A, Craddock C, Enver T, Jacobsen SEW, Porcher C, Vyas P. Coexistence of LMPP-like and GMP-like leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:138-52. [PMID: 21251617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between normal and leukemic stem/progenitor cells are unclear. We show that in ∼80% of primary human CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML), two expanded populations with hemopoietic progenitor immunophenotype coexist in most patients. Both populations have leukemic stem cell (LSC) activity and are hierarchically ordered; one LSC population gives rise to the other. Global gene expression profiling shows the LSC populations are molecularly distinct and resemble normal progenitors but not stem cells. The more mature LSC population most closely mirrors normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP) and the immature LSC population a previously uncharacterized progenitor functionally similar to lymphoid-primed multipotential progenitors (LMPPs). This suggests that in most cases primary CD34+ AML is a progenitor disease where LSCs acquire abnormal self-renewal potential.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Lineage/physiology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Graft Survival
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Lymphoid Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Lymphoid Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous/pathology
- Young Adult
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Abstract
Pralatrexate (PDX, 10-propargyl 10-deazaaminopterin) is an exciting new chemotherapeutic agent with promising activity in T-cell lymphomas and non-small cell lung cancer. It has been granted approval by the Food and Drug administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). Pralatrexate belongs to a class of antineoplastic agents known as antifolates that also include methotrexate, pemetrexed and ralitrexed. Pralatrexate was rationally designed to have high affinity for the one carbon-reduced folate carrier (RFC-1) which leads to better cellular internalization of the drug and a greater antitumor effect than methotrexate. The following monograph is a story of the development of this drug in a systematic fashion from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Zain
- New York University Cancer Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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40
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Lo Mauro A, D'Angelo MG, Romei M, Motta F, Colombo D, Comi GP, Pedotti A, Marchi E, Turconi AC, Bresolin N, Aliverti A. Abdominal volume contribution to tidal volume as an early indicator of respiratory impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Eur Respir J 2009; 35:1118-25. [PMID: 19840972 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00037209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterised by progressive loss of muscular strength that leads to an increasingly restrictive pulmonary syndrome. However, it is still not clear whether this determines alterations in the breathing pattern. We studied: 66 DMD patients at different stages of the disease (mean+/- sem age 12.6+/-0.6 yrs, range 5-22 yrs of age), subdivided into four groups according to age; and 21 age-matched healthy male controls. Spirometry, lung volumes and nocturnal oxygen saturation were measured in all DMD patients. Ventilatory pattern and chest wall volume variations were assessed by optoelectronic plethysmography during spontaneous breathing both in seated and supine positions. Whilst in a seated position, no significant differences were found between patients and controls or between different age groups. In the supine position, the average contribution of abdominal volume change (DeltaV(AB)) to tidal volume progressively decreased with age (p<0.001). The patients who showed nocturnal hypoxaemia showed significantly lower Delta V(AB). In conclusion, chest wall motion during spontaneous breathing in awake conditions and in supine position is an important indicator of the degree of respiratory muscle impairment in DMD. DeltaV(AB) is not only an important marker of the progression of the disease but is also an early indicator of nocturnal hypoxaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lo Mauro
- TBM Lab, Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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41
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Rossi VF, Vargas FS, Marchi E, Acencio MMP, Genofre EH, Capelozzi VL, Antonangelo L. Acute inflammatory response secondary to intrapleural administration of two types of talc. Eur Respir J 2009; 35:396-401. [PMID: 19679605 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00039209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intrapleural instillation of talc has been used in the treatment of recurrent pleural effusions but can, in rare instances, result in respiratory failure. Side-effects seem to be related to composition, size and inflammatory power of talc particles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response to intrapleural injection of talc containing small particles (ST) or talc containing particles of mixed size (MT). 100 rabbits received intrapleural talc, 50 with ST (median 6.41 mum) and 50 with MT (median 21.15 mum); the control group was composed of 35 rabbits. Cells, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor were evaluated in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage at 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Lung histology and the presence of talc were also analysed. Statistics were performed using ANOVA and an unpaired t-test. Most of the parameters showed greater levels in the animals injected with talc than in the controls, suggesting a systemic and pulmonary response. Higher serum levels of CRP and IL-8 were observed in the animals injected with ST. Talc particles were observed in both lungs with no differences between groups. Lung cell infiltrate was more evident in the ST group. In conclusion, talc with larger particles should be the preferred choice in clinical practice in order to induce safer pleurodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Rossi
- R Itapeva 500, cjto 4C, Bela Vista, São Paulo, 01332-000, Brazil
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42
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Marchi E, Cavalieri D. Yeast as a model to investigate the mitochondrial role in adaptation to dietary fat and calorie surplus. Genes Nutr 2008; 3:159-66. [PMID: 19037676 PMCID: PMC2593007 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-008-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several research strategies are focused towards understanding the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms that regulate uptake, synthesis, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, in the context of energy homeostasis. Because of the complexity of the problem, major input comes from the use of model systems. The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of using yeast as a model organism for studies related to dietary challenges due to high fat diet and investigate the correlation between FA metabolism and oxidative metabolism. In particular, we ask to what extent the utilization of oleic acid is dependent on mitochondrial function. We studied growth on oleic acid as a sole carbon source, and oleate stress (growth in 2 and 5% oleate) in both laboratory (BY4741 wild-type and Δsco1, Δsco2, Δtgl3, Δtgl4 mutants) and natural strains, comparing the growth phenotypes with the respiratory behaviour for each strain. We confirmed that respiratory competence is fundamental for growth on oleic acid, since the respiratory deficient mutant Δsco1 was unable to grow on oleic acid. In order to understand if the ability to use oleate as carbon source and adapt to high oleate concentrations is a general trait for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genus, we also studied some natural strains, both diploid and haploid, identifying two meiotic derivatives of SGU90 as unable to grow in oleic acid as a sole carbon source. We investigate some aspects of mitochondrial metabolism in order to gain insights on this new finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marchi
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, UNIFI, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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44
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Romei M, D’Angelo M, Lo Mauro A, Bonato S, Gandossini S, Turconi A, Comi G, Marchi E, Pedotti A, Bresolin N, Aliverti A. T.P.1.12 Breathing pattern in neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zinzani PL, Tani M, Fanti S, Stefoni V, Musuraca G, Castellucci P, Marchi E, Farsad M, Fina M, Pellegrini C, Alinari L, Derenzini E, de Vivo A, Bacci F, Pileri S, Baccarani M. A phase II trial of CHOP chemotherapy followed by yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) for previously untreated elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:769-73. [PMID: 18303033 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prospective, single-arm, open-label, nonrandomized phase II combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus radioimmunotherapy trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety in untreated elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS From February 2005 to April 2006, in our institute we treated 20 eligible elderly (age > or =60 years) patients with previously untreated DLBCL using a novel regimen consisting of six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy followed 6-10 weeks later by (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan. RESULTS The overall response rate to the entire treatment regimen was 100%, including 95% complete remission (CR) and 5% partial remission. Four (80%) of the five patients who achieved less than a CR with CHOP improved their remission status after radioimmunotherapy. With a median follow-up of 15 months, the 2-year progression-free survival was estimated to be 75%, with a 2-year overall survival of 95%. The (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan toxicity included grade > or =3 hematologic toxicity in 12 of 20 patients; the most common grade > or =3 toxic effects were neutropenia (12 patients) and thrombocytopenia (7 patients). Transfusions of red blood cells and/or platelets were given to one patient. CONCLUSION This study has established the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of this regimen for elderly patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology 'L. & A. Seràgnoli', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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LoMauro A, D’Angelo M, Pedotti A, Marchi E, Colombo D, Turconi A, Bresolin N, Aliverti A. G.P.9.03 Respiratory kinematics in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zinzani PL, Tani M, Fanti S, Alinari L, Musuraca G, Marchi E, Stefoni V, Castellucci P, Fina M, Farshad M, Pileri S, Baccarani M. Early positron emission tomography (PET) restaging: a predictive final response in Hodgkin's disease patients. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:1296-300. [PMID: 16766583 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to distinguish between responders to standard treatment and non-responders Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between June 2003-September 2004, in our institute, 40 newly-diagnosed patients with advanced stage HD were consecutively treated with ABVD chemotherapy for six cycles. All these patients underwent staging/restaging: computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) at time 0, PET after two cycles, CT and PET after four and six cycles. RESULTS After two cycles (PET-2), the PET was negative in 28/40 (70%), positive in 8/40 (20%), and minimal residual uptake (MRU) was present in the remaining four (10%) patients. After treatment, among eight patients who were PET-2+, seven showed refractory disease and one had relapse after 3 months. All four patients with MRU at the PET-2 became PET- during the further four cycles and, after treatment, three were in complete response (CR) and one relapsed after 5 months. All 28 PET negative patients at the PET-2 remained PET negative and all of them were in CR after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The PET use for early (after two cycles) response assessment in HD patients is a significant step forward and has the potential to help physicians make crucial decisions about further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology L. e A. Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, and Nuclear Medicine, S'Orsola Hospital, Italy.
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Breccia A, Gattavecchia E, Fini A, Marchi E, Tamagnone GF. [14C] acetylation of a glycosaminoglycan sulphate: Sulodexide. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580280510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Marchi E, Vargas FS, Acencio MM, Antonangelo L, Genofre EH, Teixeira LR. Evidence that mesothelial cells regulate the acute inflammatory response in talc pleurodesis. Eur Respir J 2006; 28:929-32. [PMID: 16870666 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00037906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intrapleural instillation of talc is used to produce pleurodesis in cases of recurrent malignant pleural effusions. The mechanisms by which pleurodesis is produced remain unknown but may involve either injury or activation of the mesothelium. The aim of the current study was to assess the inflammatory response of pleural mesothelial cells to talc in an experimental model in rabbits. A group of 10 rabbits were injected intrapleurally with talc (200 mg.kg(-1)) and undiluted pleural fluid was collected after 6, 24 or 48 h for measurement of interleukin (IL)-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Samples of pleura were studied to assess the inflammatory infiltrate and mesothelial cell viability. The pleural fluid IL-8 concentration peaked at 6 h, whereas VEGF and TGF-beta1 concentrations increased steadily over 48 h. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin showed a preserved layer of mesothelial cells despite the intense inflammatory pleural reaction. In conclusion, it is proposed that the mesothelial cell, although injured by the talc, may actively mediate the primary inflammatory pleural response in talc-induced pleurodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marchi
- Pleura Laboratory - Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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