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Matz B, Blümel J, Schildgen O, Eis-Hübinger AM, Streeck H. Basic research on herpes simplex viruses: are mutants still needed? Virus Genes 2023; 59:790-794. [PMID: 37285063 PMCID: PMC10499717 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertfried Matz
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Blümel
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schildgen
- Institut für Pathologie, Kliniken der Stadt Köln, Krankenhaus Merheim and Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Döhla M, Schulte B, Wilbring G, Kümmerer BM, Döhla C, Sib E, Richter E, Ottensmeyer PF, Haag A, Engelhart S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Exner M, Mutters NT, Schmithausen RM, Streeck H. SARS-CoV-2 in Environmental Samples of Quarantined Households. Viruses 2022; 14:1075. [PMID: 35632816 PMCID: PMC9147922 DOI: 10.3390/v14051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of environmental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether viral contamination of air, wastewater, and surfaces in quarantined households result in a higher risk for exposed persons. For this study, a source population of 21 households under quarantine conditions with at least one person who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were randomly selected from a community in North Rhine-Westphalia in March 2020. All individuals living in these households participated in this study and provided throat swabs for analysis. Air and wastewater samples and surface swabs were obtained from each household and analysed using qRT-PCR. Positive swabs were further cultured to analyse for viral infectivity. Out of all the 43 tested adults, 26 (60.47%) tested positive using qRT-PCR. All 15 air samples were qRT-PCR-negative. In total, 10 out of 66 wastewater samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (15.15%) and 4 out of 119 surface samples (3.36%). No statistically significant correlation between qRT-PCR-positive environmental samples and the extent of the spread of infection between household members was observed. No infectious virus could be propagated under cell culture conditions. Taken together, our study demonstrates a low likelihood of transmission via surfaces. However, to definitively assess the importance of hygienic behavioural measures in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, larger studies should be designed to determine the proportionate contribution of smear vs. droplet transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Döhla
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Bianca Schulte
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.S.); (B.M.K.); (E.R.); (P.F.O.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Gero Wilbring
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Beate Mareike Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.S.); (B.M.K.); (E.R.); (P.F.O.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Christin Döhla
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Esther Sib
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Enrico Richter
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.S.); (B.M.K.); (E.R.); (P.F.O.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Patrick Frank Ottensmeyer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.S.); (B.M.K.); (E.R.); (P.F.O.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Alexandra Haag
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Steffen Engelhart
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.S.); (B.M.K.); (E.R.); (P.F.O.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Martin Exner
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Nico Tom Mutters
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Ricarda Maria Schmithausen
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.D.); (G.W.); (C.D.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (S.E.); (M.E.); (N.T.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.S.); (B.M.K.); (E.R.); (P.F.O.); (A.M.E.-H.)
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3
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Döhla M, Schulte B, Wilbring G, Kümmerer BM, Döhla C, Sib E, Richter E, Ottensmeyer PF, Haag A, Engelhart S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Exner M, Mutters NT, Schmithausen RM, Streeck H. SARS-CoV-2 in Environmental Samples of Quarantined Households. Viruses 2022. [PMID: 35632816 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of environmental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether viral contamination of air, wastewater, and surfaces in quarantined households result in a higher risk for exposed persons. For this study, a source population of 21 households under quarantine conditions with at least one person who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were randomly selected from a community in North Rhine-Westphalia in March 2020. All individuals living in these households participated in this study and provided throat swabs for analysis. Air and wastewater samples and surface swabs were obtained from each household and analysed using qRT-PCR. Positive swabs were further cultured to analyse for viral infectivity. Out of all the 43 tested adults, 26 (60.47%) tested positive using qRT-PCR. All 15 air samples were qRT-PCR-negative. In total, 10 out of 66 wastewater samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (15.15%) and 4 out of 119 surface samples (3.36%). No statistically significant correlation between qRT-PCR-positive environmental samples and the extent of the spread of infection between household members was observed. No infectious virus could be propagated under cell culture conditions. Taken together, our study demonstrates a low likelihood of transmission via surfaces. However, to definitively assess the importance of hygienic behavioural measures in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, larger studies should be designed to determine the proportionate contribution of smear vs. droplet transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Döhla
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Bianca Schulte
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gero Wilbring
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Beate Mareike Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christin Döhla
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Esther Sib
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Enrico Richter
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Haag
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Engelhart
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Exner
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Tom Mutters
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ricarda Maria Schmithausen
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Korencak M, Sivalingam S, Sahu A, Dressen D, Schmidt A, Brand F, Krawitz P, Hart L, Maria Eis-Hübinger A, Buness A, Streeck H. Reconstruction of the Origin of the First Major SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Germany. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2292-2296. [PMID: 35574268 PMCID: PMC9088089 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The first major COVID-19 outbreak in Germany occurred in Heinsberg in February 2020 with 388 officially reported cases. Unexpectedly, the first outbreak happened in a small town with little to no travelers. We used phylogenetic analyses to investigate the origin and spread of the virus in this outbreak. We sequenced 90 (23%) SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the 388 reported cases including the samples from the first documented cases. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences revealed mainly two circulating strains with 74 samples assigned to lineage B.3 and 6 samples assigned to lineage B.1. Lineage B.3 was introduced first and probably caused the initial spread. Using phylogenetic analysis tools, we were able to identify closely related strains in France and hypothesized the possible introduction from France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Korencak
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Sugirthan Sivalingam
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics Data Analysis, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Anshupa Sahu
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics Data Analysis, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Dietmar Dressen
- Labor Mönchengladbach MVZ Dr. Stein & Kollegen GbR, Tomphecke 45, Mönchengladbach 41169, Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Fabian Brand
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Libor Hart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Henricistr. 92, Essen 45136, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Buness
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics Data Analysis, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Schulte B, Marx B, Korencak M, Emmert D, Aldabbagh S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Streeck H. Case Report: Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in the Presence of High Levels of Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing Antibody Responses. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:704719. [PMID: 34368197 PMCID: PMC8342944 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.704719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of SARS-CoV-2 B.1. 525 infection in a healthcare worker despite the presence of highly neutralizing, multivariant-specific antibodies 7 weeks after full vaccination with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. We show that the virus replicated to high levels in the upper respiratory tract over the course of several days in the presence of strong antibody responses. The virus was readily propagatable in vitro, demonstrating the potential to transmit to others, bolstered by the fact that several household members were equally infected. This highlights the importance of protective measures even in vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schulte
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Marx
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Korencak
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorian Emmert
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Stecher M, Chaillon A, Stephan C, Knops E, Kohmer N, Lehmann C, Eberle J, Bogner J, Spinner CD, Eis-Hübinger AM, Wasmuth JC, Schäfer G, Behrens G, Mehta SR, Vehreschild JJ, Hoenigl M. Drug Resistance Spread in 6 Metropolitan Regions, Germany, 2001-2018 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:2439-2443. [PMID: 32946725 PMCID: PMC7510719 DOI: 10.3201/eid2610.191506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 1,397 HIV-1 pol sequences of antiretroviral therapy–naive patients in a total of 7 university hospitals in Bonn, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, and Munich, Germany. Phylogenetic and network analysis elucidated numerous cases of shared drug resistance mutations among genetically linked patients; K103N was the most frequently shared mutation.
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van Bremen K, Monin M, Eis-Hübinger AM, Marx B, Aldabaggh S, Streeck H, Wasmuth JC, Menting T, Schlabe S, Rieke GJ, Schwarze-Zander C, Rockstroh JK, Boesecke C. SARS-CoV-2 seroconversions and chains of infection in healthcare professionals in a German maximum care provider (The CoSHeP study). Infection 2021; 49:1039-1043. [PMID: 34143409 PMCID: PMC8211969 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The CoSHeP study provides novel data on SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion rates in healthcare professionals (HP) at risk at the University Hospital Bonn, a maximum healthcare provider in a region of 900.000 inhabitants. Methods Single-center, longitudinal observational study investigating rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion in HP at 2 time-points. SARS-CoV-2 IgG was measured with Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Results Overall, 150 HP were included. Median age was 35 (range: 19–68). Main operational areas were intensive care unit (53%, n = 80), emergency room (31%, n = 46), and infectious disease department (16%, n = 24). SARS-CoV-2-IgG was detected in 5 participants (3%) at inclusion in May/June 2020, and in another 11 participants at follow-up (December 2020/ January 2021). Of the 16 seropositive participants, 14 had already known their SARS-CoV-2 infection because they had performed a PCR-test previously triggered by symptoms. Trailing chains of infection by self-assessment, 31% (n = 5) of infections were acquired through private contacts, 25% (n = 4) most likely through semi-private contacts during work. 13% (n = 2) were assumed to result through contact with contagious patients, further trailing was unsuccessful in 31% (n = 5). All five participants positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG at inclusion remained positive with a median of 7 months after infection. Discussion Frontline HP caring for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Noteworthy, based upon identified chains of infection most of the infections were acquired in private environment and semi-private contacts during work. The low rate of infection through infectious patients reveals that professional hygiene standards are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections in HP. Persisting SARS-CoV-2-IgG might indicate longer lasting immunity supporting prioritization of negative HP for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin van Bremen
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Malte Monin
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Marx
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Souhaib Aldabaggh
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Christian Wasmuth
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Menting
- Occupational Health Service, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlabe
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gereon J Rieke
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carolynne Schwarze-Zander
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen K Rockstroh
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Boesecke
- Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Anastasiou OE, Holtkamp C, Schäfer M, Schön F, Eis-Hübinger AM, Krumbholz A. Fast Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Directly from Respiratory Samples Using a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Test. Viruses 2021; 13:801. [PMID: 33947014 PMCID: PMC8146783 DOI: 10.3390/v13050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of simple SARS-CoV-2 detection methods is crucial to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined whether a commercial LAMP assay can reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 genomes directly in respiratory samples without having to extract nucleic acids (NA) beforehand. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS, n = 220) were tested by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and with the LAMP assay. For RT-PCR, NA were investigated. For LAMP, NA from 26 NPS in viral transport medium (VTM) were tested. The other 194 NPS were analyzed directly without prior NA extraction (140 samples in VTM; 54 dry swab samples stirred in phosphate buffered saline). Ten NPS were tested directly by LAMP using a sous-vide cooking unit. The isothermal assay demonstrated excellent specificity (100%) but moderate sensitivity (68.8%), with a positive predictive value of 1 and a negative predictive value of 0.65 for direct testing of NPS in VTM. The use of dry swabs, even without NA extraction, improved the analytical sensitivity; up to 6% of samples showed signs of inhibition. LAMP could be performed successfully with a sous-vide cooking unit. This technique is very fast, requires little laboratory resources, and can replace rapid antigen tests or verify reactive rapid tests on-site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympia E. Anastasiou
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Caroline Holtkamp
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Miriam Schäfer
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (F.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Frieda Schön
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (F.S.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Andi Krumbholz
- Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (F.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Braegelmann C, Niebel D, Wenzel J, Bieber T, Eis-Hübinger AM, Wilsmann-Theis D. Interferon-beta as an enhancer of paraviral exanthema during influenza virus infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:e228-e230. [PMID: 32978854 PMCID: PMC7537074 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Braegelmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Niebel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - D Wilsmann-Theis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Pénzes JJ, Söderlund-Venermo M, Canuti M, Eis-Hübinger AM, Hughes J, Cotmore SF, Harrach B. Reorganizing the family Parvoviridae: a revised taxonomy independent of the canonical approach based on host association. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2133-2146. [PMID: 32533329 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parvoviridae, a diverse family of small single-stranded DNA viruses was established in 1975. It was divided into two subfamilies, Parvovirinae and Densovirinae, in 1993 to accommodate parvoviruses that infect vertebrate and invertebrate animals, respectively. This relatively straightforward segregation, using host association as the prime criterion for subfamily-level classification, has recently been challenged by the discovery of divergent, vertebrate-infecting parvoviruses, dubbed "chapparvoviruses", which have proven to be more closely related to viruses in certain Densovirinae genera than to members of the Parvovirinae. Viruses belonging to these genera, namely Brevi-, Hepan- and Penstyldensovirus, are responsible for the unmatched heterogeneity of the subfamily Densovirinae when compared to the Parvovirinae in matters of genome organization, protein sequence homology, and phylogeny. Another genus of Densovirinae, Ambidensovirus, has challenged traditional parvovirus classification, as it includes all newly discovered densoviruses with an ambisense genome organization, which introduces genus-level paraphyly. Lastly, current taxon definition and virus inclusion criteria have significantly limited the classification of certain long-discovered parvoviruses and impedes the classification of some potential family members discovered using high-throughput sequencing methods. Here, we present a new and updated system for parvovirus classification, which includes the introduction of a third subfamily, Hamaparvovirinae, resolves the paraphyly within genus Ambidensovirus, and introduces new genera and species into the subfamily Parvovirinae. These proposals were accepted by the ICTV in 2020 March.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit J Pénzes
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Hughes
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Susan F Cotmore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520-8035, USA
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Langhans B, Nischalke HD, Krämer B, Dold L, Lutz P, Mohr R, Vogt A, Toma M, Eis-Hübinger AM, Nattermann J, Strassburg CP, Gonzalez-Carmona MA, Spengler U. Role of regulatory T cells and checkpoint inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:2055-2066. [PMID: 31724091 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition suggests promising progress for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear because liver cancer cells apparently do not upregulate inhibitory checkpoint molecules. Here, we analysed whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) can alternatively trigger checkpoint inhibition pathways in HCC. Using flow cytometry we analysed expression of checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, GITR, Tim-3) on peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and their secretion of inhibitory mediators (IL-10, IL-35, TGF-beta, galectin-9) in 116 individuals (50 patients with HCC, 41 non-tumour bearing liver disease controls, 25 healthy controls). Functional activity of Tregs on T effector cells (IFN-gamma production, cytotoxicity) was characterized in vitro using a lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) assay against checkpoint inhibitor-negative P815 target cells. Unlike liver patients without malignancy and healthy controls, the frequency of checkpoint inhibitor-positive Tregs inversely correlated to age of patients with HCC (PD-L1, p = 0.0080; CTLA-4, p = 0.0029) and corresponded to enhanced numbers of Tregs producing IL-10 and IL-35 (p < 0.05 each). Tregs inhibited IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells when added to LDCC against P815 cells. Treg-induced inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion could be partially blocked by neutralizing PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies specifically in HCC patients. In HCC peripheral Tregs upregulate checkpoint inhibitors and contribute to systemic immune dysfunction and antitumoural activity by several inhibitory pathways, presumably facilitating tumour development at young age. Blocking PD-L1/PD-1 interactions in vitro selectively interfered with inhibitory Treg -T effector cell interactions in the patients with HCC and resulted in improved antitumoural activity also against checkpoint inhibitor-negative tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Langhans
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hans Dieter Nischalke
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leona Dold
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annabelle Vogt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian P Strassburg
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus-1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Hübner A, Wachsmuth M, Schröder R, Li M, Eis-Hübinger AM, Madea B, Stoneking M. Sharing of heteroplasmies between human liver lobes varies across the mtDNA genome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11219. [PMID: 31375696 PMCID: PMC6677727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy (intra-individual variation) varies among different human tissues and increases with age, suggesting that the majority of mtDNA heteroplasmies are acquired, rather than inherited. However, the extent to which heteroplasmic sites are shared across a tissue remains an open question. We therefore investigated heteroplasmy in two liver samples (one from each primary lobe) from 83 Europeans, sampled at autopsy. Minor allele frequencies (MAF) at heteroplasmic sites were significantly correlated between the two liver samples from an individual, with significantly more sharing of heteroplasmic sites in the control region than in the non-control region. We show that this increased sharing for the control region cannot be explained by recent mutations at just a few specific heteroplasmic sites or by the possible presence of 7S DNA. Moreover, we carried out simulations to show that there is significantly more sharing than would be predicted from random genetic drift from a common progenitor cell. We also observe a significant excess of non-synonymous vs. synonymous heteroplasmies in the protein-coding region, but significantly more sharing of synonymous heteroplasmies. These contrasting patterns for the control vs. the non-control region, and for non-synonymous vs. synonymous heteroplasmies, suggest that selection plays a role in heteroplasmy sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hübner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Manja Wachsmuth
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Schröder
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mingkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Burkhard Madea
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Lindner K, Ludwig M, Bootz F, Reber U, Safavieh Z, Eis-Hübinger AM, Herberhold S. Frequent detection of Saffold cardiovirus in adenoids. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218873. [PMID: 31269055 PMCID: PMC6608973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffold virus (SAFV) is classified into the Cardiovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Up to now, eleven genotypes have been identified however, their clinical significance remains unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of SAFV in asymptomatic patients admitted for adenoidectomy. A total of 70 adenoid tissue samples were collected from children with clinical symptoms caused by hypertrophy of adenoids but without symptoms of airway infection. Samples were investigated for SAFV by RT-nested PCR and sequence analysis. Eleven of 70 (15.7%) samples were positive for SAFV. Nasopharyngeal swabs were available from 45 children just before surgery. SAFV was rarely found and only in children with SAFV-positive adenoids 2/8. Our findings indicate that the presence of SAFV seems to be more frequent in adenoid tissue than expected. This could support the notion of a longer than previously anticipated persistence of SAFV nucleic acids in the respiratory tract and possibly a chronic infection. Further investigations are necessary to establish the role of SAFV infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Lindner
- ENT Department, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- ENT Department, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Reber
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (AMEH); (SH)
| | - Stephan Herberhold
- ENT Department, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (AMEH); (SH)
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14
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Slavov SN, Maçonetto JDM, Martinez EZ, Silva-Pinto AC, Covas DT, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kashima S. Prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in multiple transfused Brazilian patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1693-1697. [PMID: 31066064 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. The virus is acquired by fecal-oral route; however, it can also be transmitted by blood transfusion. The objective of the study was to examine anti-HEV immunoglobulin G and HEV RNA prevalence in multiple transfused patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), and in blood donors. The HEV seroprevalence in the patients was 13% (20% in thalassemics; 7.7% in SCD), and 11% in blood donors. No positive result for HEV RNA was obtained. This is a pioneer study examining HEV circulation in Brazilian patients with hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav N Slavov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana D M Maçonetto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Z Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Silva-Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Kashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Stecher M, Hoenigl M, Eis-Hübinger AM, Lehmann C, Fätkenheuer G, Wasmuth JC, Knops E, Vehreschild JJ, Mehta S, Chaillon A. Hotspots of Transmission Driving the Local Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic in the Cologne-Bonn Region, Germany. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 68:1539-1546. [PMID: 30169606 PMCID: PMC6481988 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographical allocation of interventions focusing on hotspots of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission has the potential to improve efficiency. We used phylogeographic analyses to identify hotspots of the HIV transmission in Cologne-Bonn, Germany. METHODS We included 714 HIV-1 infected individuals, followed up at the University Hospitals Cologne and Bonn. Distance-based molecular network analyses were performed to infer putative relationships. Characteristics of genetically linked individuals and assortativity (shared characteristics) were analyzed. Geospatial diffusion (ie, viral gene flow) was evaluated using a Slatkin-Maddison approach. Geospatial dispersal was determined by calculating the average distance between the residences of linked individuals (centroids of 3-digit zip code). RESULTS In sum, 217/714 (30.4%) sequences had a putative genetic linkage, forming 77 clusters (size range: 2-8). Linked individuals were more likely to live in areas surrounding the city center (P = .043), <30 years of age (P = .009). and infected with HIV-1 subtype B (P = .002). Clustering individuals were nonassortative by area of residency (-.0026, P = .046). Geospatial analyses revealed a median distance between genetically linked individuals of 23.4 kilometers (km), lower than expected (P < .001). Slatkin-Maddison analyses revealed increased gene flow from central Cologne toward the surrounding areas (P < .001). CONCLUSION Phylogeographic analysis suggests that central Cologne may be a significant driver of the regional epidemic. Although clustering individuals lived closer than unlinked individuals, they were less likely to be linked to others from their same zip code. These results could help public health entities better understand transmission dynamics, facilitating allocation of resources to areas of greatest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Stecher
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego
- Division of Pulmonology and Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Christian Wasmuth
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena Knops
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Janne Vehreschild
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego
- Department of Medicine, San Diego VA Medical Center, California
| | - Antoine Chaillon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego
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16
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Matz B, Kupfer B, Kallies R, Külshammer M, Flötenmeyer M, Kreil TR, Eis-Hübinger AM. Secondary structure of DNA released from purified capsids of human parvovirus B19 under moderate denaturing conditions. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:812-827. [PMID: 30924765 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) possesses a linear single-stranded DNA genome of either positive or negative polarity. Due to intramolecular sequence homologies, either strand may theoretically be folded in several alternative ways. Viral DNA, when extracted from virions by several procedures, presents as linear single-stranded and/or linear double-stranded molecules, except when one particular commercial kit is used. This protocol yields DNA with an aberrant electrophoretic mobility in addition to linear double-stranded molecules, but never any single-stranded molecules. This peculiar kind of DNA was found in all plasma or serum samples tested and so we decided to analyse its secondary structure. In line with our results for one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis, mobility shift assays, DNA preparation by an in-house extraction method with moderate denaturing conditions, density gradient ultracentrifugation, DNA digestion experiments and competition hybridization assays, we conclude that (i) the unique internal portions of this distinctive single-stranded molecules are folded into tight tangles and (ii) the two terminal redundant regions are associated with each other, yielding non-covalently closed pseudo-circular molecules stabilized by a short (18 nucleotides) intramolecular stem, whereas the extreme 3'- and 5'-ends are folded back on themselves, forming a structure resembling a twin hairpin. The question arises as to whether this fairly unstable structure represents the encapsidated genome structure. The answer to this question remains quite relevant in terms of comprehending the initiation and end of B19V genome replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertfried Matz
- 1Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Germany
| | - Bernd Kupfer
- 1Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Germany
| | - René Kallies
- 1Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Germany.,2Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Flötenmeyer
- 3Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.,4Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia/Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Stecher M, Chaillon A, Eis-Hübinger AM, Lehmann C, Fätkenheuer G, Wasmuth JC, Knops E, Vehreschild JJ, Mehta S, Hoenigl M. Pretreatment human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance in transmission clusters of the Cologne-Bonn region, Germany. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:253.e1-253.e4. [PMID: 30315957 PMCID: PMC6349503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Germany, previous reports have demonstrated transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug-resistance mutations (DRM) in 11% of newly diagnosed individuals, highlighting the importance of drug-resistance screening before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we sought to understand the molecular epidemiology of HIV DRM transmission in the Cologne-Bonn region of Germany, given one of the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses in western Europe (13.7 per 100 000 habitants). METHODS We analysed 714 HIV-1 ART-naive infected individuals diagnosed at the University Hospitals Cologne and Bonn between 2001 and 2016. Screening for DRM was performed according to the Stanford University Genotypic Resistance Interpretation. Shared DRM were defined as any DRM present in genetically linked individuals (<1.5% genetic distance). Phylogenetic and network analyses were performed to infer putative relationships and shared DRM. RESULTS The prevalence of any DRM at time of diagnosis was 17.2% (123/714 participants). Genetic transmission network analyses showed comparable frequencies of DRM in clustering versus non-clustering individuals (17.1% (85/497) versus 17.5% (38/217)). The observed rate of DRM in the region was higher than previous reports 10.8% (87/809) (p < 0.001), revealing the need to reduce onward transmission in this area. Genetically linked individuals harbouring shared DRM were more likely to live in suburban areas (24/38) than in central Cologne (1/38) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The rate of DRM was exceptionally high. Network analysis elucidated frequent cases of shared DRM among genetically linked individuals, revealing the potential spread of DRM and the need to prevent onward transmission of DRM in the Cologne-Bonn area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stecher
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - A Chaillon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - A M Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J-C Wasmuth
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany; Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Knops
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J J Vehreschild
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, San Diego VA Medical Centre, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonology and Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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18
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Alt M, Falk J, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kropff B, Sinzger C, Krawczyk A. Detection of antibody-secreting cells specific for the cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus surface antigens. J Immunol Methods 2018; 462:13-22. [PMID: 30056033 PMCID: PMC7094464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can lead to life-threatening diseases, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, HSV infections at birth (herpes neonatorum) can result in a disseminated disease associated with a fatal multiorgan failure. Congenital HCMV infections can result in miscarriage, serious birth defects or developmental disabilities. Antibody-based interventions with hyperimmunoglobulins showed encouraging results in clinical studies, but clearly need to be improved. The isolation of highly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is a promising strategy to establish potent therapy options against HSV and HCMV infections. Monoclonal antibodies are commonly isolated from hybridomas or EBV-immortalized B-cell clones. The screening procedure to identify virus-specific cells from a cell mixture is a challenging step, since most of the highly neutralizing antibodies target complex conformational epitopes on the virus surface. Conventional assays such as ELISA are based on purified viral proteins and inappropriate to display complex epitopes. To overcome this obstacle, we have established two full-virus based methods that allow screening for cells and antibodies targeting complex conformational epitopes on viral surface antigens. The methods are suitable to detect surface antigen-specific cells from a cell mixture and may facilitate the isolation of highly neutralizing antibodies against HSV and HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Alt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jessica Falk
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kropff
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sinzger
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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19
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Eis-Hübinger AM, Sasowski U, Brackmann HH, Kaiser R, Matz B, Schneweis KE. Parvovirus B19 DNA Is Frequently Present in Recombinant Coagulation Factor VIII Products. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1650716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - U Sasowski
- The Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Germany
| | - H H Brackmann
- The Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine of the Universitiy of Bonn, Germany
| | - R Kaiser
- The Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Germany
| | - B Matz
- The Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Germany
| | - K E Schneweis
- The Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Germany
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20
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Große-Bley A, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kaiser R, Oldenburg J, Brackmann HH, Schwarz TF, Schneweis KE. Serological and Virological Markers of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Sera of Hemophiliacs. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1648903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIt is known that parvovirus B19 (B19) is transmitted to hemophiliacs by clotting factors prepared from human plasma. However, it is not clear whether B19 is also transmitted by the more recently used inactivated clotting factor preparations. Therefore, we investigated 69 hemophiliacs, mostly children, receiving only virus-inactivated clotting factors. 49 of them (71%) were B19 IgG-positive and 18 of the IgG-positive hemophiliacs (37%) were also B19 IgM-positive. In contrast, out of 73 age-matched controls only 10 (14%) were IgG-positive, two of them being also IgM-positive. In hemophiliacs treated before 1984 with noninactivated clotting factors, seroprevalence was very similar: 94/136 (69%) presented B19 IgG antibodies as compared to their age-matched controls with 16/50 (32%). Out of the 94 IgG-positive patients 24 (26%) were IgM-positive, whereas IgM antibodies were never found in 16 sera of 16 IgG-positive controls. In 4 out of 24 IgM positive hemophiliacs, B19 DNA was detected in the sera by using the polymerase chain reaction. However, B19 DNA was also found in 3/69 anti-B19 IgM-negative, HIV-infected hemophiliacs (all three patients in CDC stage IV). Since it seems unlikely that the results only represent passive acquisition of B19 DNA from blood products and induction of antibodies by immunization with inactivated antigen, the observations rather suggest that infection with B19 is transmitted by clotting factors, including those treated for virus inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Große-Bley
- The institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Munich, Germany
| | - A M Eis-Hübinger
- The institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Munich, Germany
| | - R Kaiser
- The institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Munich, Germany
| | - J Oldenburg
- The institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H H Brackmann
- The institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T F Schwarz
- The Max v. Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K E Schneweis
- The institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Munich, Germany
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21
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Yu CF, Peng WM, Schlee M, Barchet W, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kolanus W, Geyer M, Schmitt S, Steinhagen F, Oldenburg J, Novak N. SOCS1 and SOCS3 Target IRF7 Degradation To Suppress TLR7-Mediated Type I IFN Production of Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2018; 200:4024-4035. [PMID: 29712772 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFN production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) triggered by TLR-signaling is an essential part of antiviral responses and autoimmune reactions. Although it was well-documented that members of the cytokine signaling (SOCS) family regulate TLR-signaling, the mechanism of how SOCS proteins regulate TLR7-mediated type I IFN production has not been elucidated yet. In this article, we show that TLR7 activation in human pDCs induced the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3. SOCS1 and SOCS3 strongly suppressed TLR7-mediated type I IFN production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SOCS1- and SOCS3-bound IFN regulatory factor 7, a pivotal transcription factor of the TLR7 pathway, through the SH2 domain to promote its proteasomal degradation by lysine 48-linked polyubiquitination. Together, our results demonstrate that SOCS1/3-mediated degradation of IFN regulatory factor 7 directly regulates TLR7 signaling and type I IFN production in pDCs. This mechanism might be targeted by therapeutic approaches to either enhance type I IFN production in antiviral treatment or decrease type I IFN production in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wen-Ming Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Department of Molecular Immune and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Structural Immunology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Structural Immunology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Folkert Steinhagen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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22
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Schneider B, Becker M, Brackmann HH, Eis-Hübinger AM. Contamination of coagulation factor concentrates with human parvovirus B19 genotype 1 and 2. Thromb Haemost 2017; 92:838-45. [PMID: 15467916 DOI: 10.1160/th04-04-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryHuman parvovirus B19 (B19) DNA has frequently been detected in plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates. Furthermore, transmission of B19 infection was observed, indicating presence of the infectious virus despite routine viral inactivation/removal procedures during the manufacturing process. Recently, human parvovirus DNA isolates, variant from B19, have been identified resulting in classification of B19 virus into three distinct genotypes, with all viruses previously classified as B19 belonging to genotype 1. So far, there is no information available on contamination of clotting factor concentrates with genotype 2. Therefore, we analysed 202 different factor concentrate lots for genotype 1 and 2 DNA by PCR. Analysis of one hundred eighty-one lots representing 13 different products, administered over the last three years, was compared to 21 lots (8 products) used until the early 1980s which had not been treated by viral inactivation procedures. Genotype 1 DNA was detected in 77/181 (42.5%) currently administered lots, and 17/21 (81%) previously used lots. The level of genotype 1 DNA contamination was similar in currently and previously administered concentrates. Genotype 2 DNA was found in 5/202 (2.5%) lots, all of which were co-contaminated with genotype 1 DNA. DNA sequence analysis showed that the PCR-double positive concentrates contained typical genotype 1 and genotype 2 DNA. Because genotype 2 appears to cause a similar spectrum of diseases as genotype 1, simultaneous detection of genotype 2 by nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), now widely applied to plasma pools for genotype 1, would give an added level of safety to blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Schneider
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
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23
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Bauer D, Keller J, Alt M, Schubert A, Aufderhorst UW, Palapys V, Kasper M, Heilingloh CS, Dittmer U, Laffer B, Eis-Hübinger AM, Verjans GM, Heiligenhaus A, Roggendorf M, Krawczyk A. Antibody-based immunotherapy of aciclovir resistant ocular herpes simplex virus infections. Virology 2017; 512:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Niendorf S, Jacobsen S, Faber M, Eis-Hübinger AM, Hofmann J, Zimmermann O, Höhne M, Bock CT. Steep rise in norovirus cases and emergence of a new recombinant strain GII.P16-GII.2, Germany, winter 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:30447. [PMID: 28181902 PMCID: PMC5388089 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.4.30447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since early November 2016, the number of laboratory-confirmed norovirus infections reported in Germany has been increasing steeply. Here, we report the detection and genetic characterisation of an emerging norovirus recombinant, GII.P16-GII.2. This strain was frequently identified as the cause of sporadic cases as well as outbreaks in nine federal states of Germany. Our findings suggest that the emergence of GII.P16-GII.2 contributed to rising case numbers of norovirus gastroenteritis in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niendorf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Consultant Laboratory for Noroviruses, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Jacobsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Consultant Laboratory for Noroviruses, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Faber
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - A M Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, and Labor Berlin, Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Zimmermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Höhne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Consultant Laboratory for Noroviruses, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - C T Bock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Heyd R, Eis-Hübinger AM, Berger A, Bierbaum S, Pietzonka S, Wenzel JJ, Huzly D, Keppler OT, Panning M. Retrospective analysis of clinical and virological parameters of influenza cases at four university hospitals in Germany, 2015. Infection 2017; 45:349-354. [PMID: 28316058 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective observational study at four German university hospitals of patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza in 2014/2015. Overall, a fatality rate of 8% was observed. Significantly more A(H1N1)pdm09 patients were admitted to ICU compared to those with A(H3N2). However, fatal outcome was not significantly increased among A(H1N1)pdm09 cases. Nosocomial infections were seen in 17% of cases. Systematic collection of data from hospitals will complement national influenza surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heyd
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Annemarie Berger
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sibylle Bierbaum
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, 79014, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pietzonka
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, 79014, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.,Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Virology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, 79014, Freiburg, Germany.
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26
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Slavov SN, Otaguiri KK, Smid J, de Oliveira ACP, Casseb J, Martinez EZ, Covas DT, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kashima S. Human parvovirus 4 prevalence among HTLV-1/2 infected individuals in Brazil. J Med Virol 2016; 89:748-752. [PMID: 27589576 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), a Tetraparvovirus, has been largely found in HIV, HBV, or HCV infected individuals. However, there is no data for the PARV4 occurrence in Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1/2) infected individuals, despite similar transmission routes. Here, PARV4 viremia was evaluated in 130 HTLV infected patients under care of a Brazilian HTLV outpatient clinic. PARV4 viremia was detected in 6.2% of the HTLV-1 infected patients. Most PARV4 positives showed no evidence for parenterally transmitted infections. It is suggested that in Brazil, transmission routes of PARV4 are more complex than in Europe and North America and resemble those in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 89:748-752, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Kaori Otaguiri
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Smid
- HTLV-Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas", São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Casseb
- HTLV-Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas", São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 56, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Social Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Kashima
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Böttcher S, Prifert C, Weißbrich B, Adams O, Aldabbagh S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Diedrich S. Detection of enterovirus D68 in patients hospitalised in three tertiary university hospitals in Germany, 2013 to 2014. Euro Surveill 2016; 21:30227. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.19.30227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been recognised as a worldwide emerging pathogen associated with severe respiratory symptoms since 2009. We here report EV-D68 detection in hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infection admitted to three tertiary hospitals in Germany between January 2013 and December 2014. From a total of 14,838 respiratory samples obtained during the study period, 246 (1.7%) tested enterovirus-positive and, among these, 39 (15.9%) were identified as EV-D68. Infection was observed in children and teenagers (0–19 years; n=31), the majority (n=22) being under five years-old, as well as in adults > 50 years of age (n=8). No significant difference in prevalence was observed between the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Phylogenetic analyses based on viral protein 1 (VP1) sequences showed co-circulation of different EV-D68 lineages in Germany. Sequence data encompassing the entire capsid region of the genome were analysed to gain information on amino acid changes possibly relevant for immunogenicity and revealed mutations in two recently described pleconaril binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Böttcher
- National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch-Institute, Germany
| | - Christiane Prifert
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Weißbrich
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Sabine Diedrich
- National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch-Institute, Germany
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28
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Vollbach S, Müller A, Drexler JF, Simon A, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM, Panning M. Prevalence, type and concentration of human enterovirus and parechovirus in cerebrospinal fluid samples of pediatric patients over a 10-year period: a retrospective study. Virol J 2015; 12:199. [PMID: 26607060 PMCID: PMC4660665 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) are significant causes of encephalitis and meningitis in children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, type and viral RNA concentration of EV and HPeV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in an unselected cohort of patients <18 years admitted to Bonn university hospital from 1998 to 2008. Methods A total of 327 CSF samples from 327 patients were retrospectively tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for EV and HPeV, and by real-time PCR for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV), and varizella zoster-virus (VZV). Samples had been submitted for routine virological work-up due to suspected meningitis or encephalitis and had been stored at −20 °C hereafter. Positive samples for EV and HPeV were sequenced within the gene encoding the VP1 region (EV), the VP2 and the VP3/VP1 junction region (HPeV). Results The overall prevalence was 4.3 % (14/327) for EV, 0.6 % (2/327) for HPeV, and 0.3 % (1/327) for HSV and VZV, respectively. CMV was not detected in this cohort. In children less than 3 months of age the prevalence was 7.7 % (2/26) for EV and 7.7 % (2/26) for HPeV, respectively. Frequency of EV detection ranged from 0 to 12 % per year and highest rates were observed from June to September. All typed EV belonged to species B. Both HPeV infections were detected in the fall of 2008 and were typed as HPeV genotype 3. Viral RNA concentrations were highest in patients with HPeV infection, followed by echovirus 30 and other EV. In total, 86 % (12/14) of EV infections presented as aseptic meningitis, whereas both HPeV infections presented as severe sepsis-like illness. Conclusions EV and HPeV were equally prevalent in children <3 months of age. Beyond the detection of EV and HPeV, the determination of viral RNA concentration and typing of EV and HPeV might prove beneficial for patient management and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Vollbach
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arne Simon
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany. .,Present address: Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany. .,Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str. 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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29
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Sarfo FS, Eberhardt KA, Dompreh A, Kuffour EO, Soltau M, Schachscheider M, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM, Häussinger D, Oteng-Seifah EE, Bedu-Addo G, Phillips RO, Norman B, Burchard G, Feldt T. Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with Higher CD4 T Cell Counts and Lower HIV-1 Viral Loads in ART-Naïve HIV-Positive Patients in Ghana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143388. [PMID: 26599971 PMCID: PMC4658036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, there is a high co-endemicity of HIV and H. pylori infection and there is growing evidence that H. pylori co-infection is associated with parameters of HIV disease progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection, and the association with clinical, immunological and virological parameters in a large cohort of HIV-infected individuals and uninfected controls in a West African country. METHODS HIV-patients (n = 1,095) and HIV-negative individuals (n = 107) were recruited at a university hospital in Ghana. H. pylori status was determined using stool antigen testing. HIV-related, clinical and socio-demographic parameters were recorded and analyzed according to H. pylori status. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals (51.5 vs. 88%, p<0.0001). In HIV patients, H. pylori prevalence decreased in parallel with CD4+ T cell counts. In ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals, but not in those taking ART, H. pylori infection was associated with higher CD4 cell counts (312 vs. 189 cells/μL, p<0.0001) and lower HIV-1 viral loads (4.92 vs. 5.21 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.006). The findings could not be explained by socio-demographic confounders or reported use of antibiotics. Having no access to tap water and higher CD4+ T cell counts were identified as risk factors for H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori prevalence was inversely correlated with the degree of immunosuppression. In ART-naïve individuals, H. pylori infection is associated with favorable immunological and virological parameters. The underlying mechanisms for this association are unclear and warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Edmund Osei Kuffour
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Soltau
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marei Schachscheider
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - George Bedu-Addo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gerd Burchard
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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Eberhardt KA, Sarfo FS, Dompreh A, Kuffour EO, Geldmacher C, Soltau M, Schachscheider M, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM, Häussinger D, Bedu-Addo G, Phillips RO, Norman B, Burchard GD, Feldt T. Helicobacter pylori Coinfection Is Associated With Decreased Markers of Immune Activation in ART-Naive HIV-Positive and in HIV-Negative Individuals in Ghana. Clin Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26195015 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients has been associated with higher CD4+ cell counts and lower HIV-1 viral loads, with the underlying mechanisms being unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of H. pylori infection on markers of T-cell activation in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. METHODS In a cross-sectional, observational study, HIV patients (n = 457) and HIV-negative blood donors (n = 79) presenting to an HIV clinic in Ghana were enrolled. Data on clinical and sociodemographic parameters, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts, and HIV-1 viral load were recorded. Helicobacter pylori status was tested using a stool antigen test. Cell surface and intracellular markers related to T-cell immune activation and turnover were quantified by flow cytometry and compared according to HIV and H. pylori status. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with decreased markers of CD4+ T-cell activation (HLA-DR+CD38+CD4+; 22.55% vs 32.70%; P = .002), cell proliferation (Ki67; 15.10% vs 26.80%; P = .016), and immune exhaustion (PD-1; 32.45% vs 40.00%; P = .005) in 243 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients, but not in 214 patients on ART. In HIV-negative individuals, H. pylori infection was associated with decreased frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (6.31% vs 10.40%; P = .014 and 18.70% vs 34.85%, P = .006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that H. pylori coinfection effectuates a systemic immune modulatory effect with decreased T-cell activation in HIV-positive, ART-naive patients but also in HIV-negative individuals. This finding might, in part, explain the observed association of H. pylori infection with favorable parameters of HIV disease progression. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01897909.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Edmund Osei Kuffour
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (Ludwig Maximilian University [LMU]) German Centre for Infection Research (partner site), Munich
| | - Mareike Soltau
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marei Schachscheider
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
| | - George Bedu-Addo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gerd Dieter Burchard
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
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Slavov SN, Kashima S, Rocha-Junior MC, Silva-Pinto AC, Oliveira LC, Eis-Hübinger AM, Covas DT. Human parvovirus 4 in Brazilian patients with haemophilia, beta-thalassaemia major and volunteer blood donors. Haemophilia 2014; 21:e86-8. [PMID: 25311656 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S N Slavov
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Reber
- Institute of Virology; University of Bonn Medical Centre; Bonn Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Kalus
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Virology (Helmut-Ruska-Haus)
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Feldt T, Sarfo FS, Zoufaly A, Phillips RO, Burchard G, van Lunzen J, Jochum J, Chadwick D, Awasom C, Claussen L, Drosten C, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM. Hepatitis E virus infections in HIV-infected patients in Ghana and Cameroon. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:18-23. [PMID: 23743346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections have recently been described in HIV-infected patients. Only few data are available for sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV and HEV are highly co-endemic, and where liver pathology is common in HIV-infected individuals. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of HEV viremia, anti-HEV antibodies, and serum aminotransferase levels in HIV patients in Ghana and Cameroon. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively surveyed a cross-section of patients who were enrolled in cohort studies in Ghana (West Africa), and Cameroon (Central Africa). Plasma samples from 1029 HIV patients from Ghana and 515 patients from Cameroon including 214 children were analyzed for HEV-RNA by two reverse transcription PCR methods. In a subset of 791 patients, anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies were analyzed. RESULTS No HEV-RNA was detected in any of the plasma samples of 1544 patients. HEV seroprevalence was high in adult HIV patients from Ghana (45.3%, n=402) and Cameroon (14.2%, n=289), but low in pediatric HIV patients from Cameroon (2.0%, n=100). Elevations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were common in adult patients from Ghana (20.8% and 25.4%) and Cameroon (38.9% and 69.8%). The prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen was 11.8% and of hepatitis C virus antibodies 2.5% in our adult Cameroonian study population. CONCLUSIONS Acute or chronic HEV infections did not play a role in liver pathology in two HIV cohorts in Ghana and Cameroon. A better understanding of the epidemiology and genotype-specific characteristics of HEV infections in HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Feldt
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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May J, Drexler JF, Reber U, Sarpong N, Adjei O, Panning M, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Human parvovirus 4 viremia in young children, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1690-2. [PMID: 23017590 PMCID: PMC3471612 DOI: 10.3201/eid1810.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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35
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Drexler JF, Reber U, Muth D, Herzog P, Annan A, Ebach F, Sarpong N, Acquah S, Adlkofer J, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Panning M, Tannich E, May J, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Human parvovirus 4 in nasal and fecal specimens from children, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1650-3. [PMID: 23018024 PMCID: PMC3471610 DOI: 10.3201/eid1810.111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonparenteral transmission might contribute to human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) infections in sub-Saharan Africa. PARV4 DNA was detected in 8 (0.83%) of 961 nasal samples and 5 (0.53%) of 943 fecal samples from 1,904 children in Ghana. Virus concentrations ≤6–7 log10 copies/mL suggest respiratory or fecal–oral modes of PARV4 transmission.
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36
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Külshammer M, Winke U, Frank M, Skali-Lami U, Steudel H, Schilling G, Drexler JF, Eis-Hübinger AM, Matz B. Poor immunity status against poliomyelitis in medical students: a semi-anonymous study. Med Microbiol Immunol 2012; 202:63-5. [PMID: 22692773 PMCID: PMC3562434 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-012-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of almost complete eradication, poliomyelitis continues to be a global threat even in non-endemic countries due to the ever-increasing international travel activities. Health care workers are at a special risk in acquiring pathogens from travelers returning from endemic countries. Polio vaccines are fairly well accepted throughout the German population. Yet, laboratory controls for successful immunization are carried out only sporadically in the general population, and not even the medical staff are routinely tested for polio immunity. The present study was initiated in order to assess the immunity status of young people at the very beginning of their career in clinical medicine. Within their first clinical semester, all students are supposed to undergo an obligatory health check in our Occupational Medicine Unit. A blood sample is taken and sent under a personal code to our diagnostic laboratories for virus serology, and for cryoconservation of residual serum, if available. Within the periods 2004–2006 and 2008–2010, we analyzed sera from 424 and 427 individuals, respectively, for anti-polio types 1, 2, 3 antibodies by a microneutralization assay. In the latest study period, there was a slight increase in the rate of fully protected persons: 63.9 % triple-seropositivity versus 57.1 % in the period 2004–2006. By the end of the second clinical semester, students with low or negative antibody levels (1:<10) were informed, and a (booster) vaccination was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Külshammer
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
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37
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Moser O, Lück S, Dilloo D, Eis-Hübinger AM, Simon A. Sapovirus as a gastrointestinal pathogen in febrile pediatric patients with cancer. J Med Virol 2012; 83:2233-6. [PMID: 22012734 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human caliciviruses are the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis after rotavirus in children. Unlike norovirus, sapovirus infection is less well characterized and defined in the clinical setting of gastrointestinal disease, and there are no reports of sapovirus infections in pediatric oncology patients receiving chemotherapy treatment. Stool samples from all pediatric oncology patients presenting with fever and diarrhea at one pediatric oncology unit were tested prospectively for sapovirus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR sapovirus genogrouping was performed by nested PCR. Sapovirus was detected in 2 of 100 stool specimens prospectively sampled from 58 symptomatic pediatric oncology inpatients between December 2008 and September 2009. Both patients received low-dose chemotherapy for their underlying conditions at the time of infection with sapovirus. Genogrouping of the viruses showed the presence of a GI.1 strain and GII.3 strain, unlike the most common GI.2 strain responsible for outbreaks in different European countries. The contribution of sapovirus infection to the morbidity of pediatric cancer patients and its potential for nosocomial spread is discussed. Sapovirus, an often unrecognized pathogen, should be considered along with other viruses in pediatric cancer patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease.
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Modrow S, Wenzel JJ, Schimanski S, Schwarzbeck J, Rothe U, Oldenburg J, Jilg W, Eis-Hübinger AM. Prevalence of nucleic acid sequences specific for human parvoviruses, hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. Vox Sang 2010; 100:351-8. [PMID: 21133933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Due to their high resistance to inactivation procedures, nonenveloped viruses such as parvovirus B19, human bocavirus (HBoV), human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) pose a particular threat to blood products. Virus transmission to patients treated with blood products presents an additional burden to disease. We determined the frequency and the amount of nucleic acid specific for nonenveloped viruses in recently manufactured preparations of commercial coagulation factor concentrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS At least three different batches of each of 13 different plasma-derived and recombinant coagulation factor products were tested for the presence and the amount of nucleic acid for parvovirus B19, HBoV, human parvovirus 4, hepatitis A virus and HEV by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Whereas none of the recombinant products tested positive for any of these viruses, parvovirus B19 DNA with amounts ranging between 2×10(1) and 1.3×10(3) genome equivalents/ml was detected in five plasma-derived products. In addition to parvovirus B19 genotype 1, genotypes 2 and 3 were observed in two batches of a factor VIII/von-Willebrand factor product. In two products (one factor VIII concentrate and one activated prothrombin complex concentrate), a combination of both genotypes 1 and 2 of parvovirus B19 was detected. CONCLUSION The data show that nucleic acids from several relevant nonenveloped viruses are not found at detectable levels in coagulation factor concentrates. In some cases, parvovirus B19 DNA was detectable at low levels. Testing of the plasma pools for the full range of parvovirus genotypes is advocated for ensuring product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Modrow
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany.
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39
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Panning M, Baumgarte S, Laue T, Bierbaum S, Raith S, Drexler JF, Helmer A, Falcone-Kapper V, Kochs G, Campe H, Huzly D, Eis-Hübinger AM, Drosten C. Singleplex real-time RT-PCR for detection of influenza A virus and simultaneous differentiation of A/H1N1v and evaluation of the RealStar influenza kit. J Clin Virol 2010; 50:171-4. [PMID: 21075679 PMCID: PMC7172518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel influenza A virus, subtype A/H1N1v emerged in April 2009 and caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Reliable detection and differentiation from seasonal influenza viruses is mandatory for appropriate case management as well as public health. OBJECTIVES To develop and technically validate a novel one-step real-time RT-PCR assay which can be used for influenza A virus screening and subtyping of A/H1N1v in a singleplex fashion. To assess the clinical performance of a novel commercial influenza RT-PCR kit based on the in-house version. STUDY DESIGN A real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the matrix gene of influenza A viruses was developed and validated using in vitro transcribed RNA derived from influenza A/H1N1v, A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 virus as well as plaque-quantified influenza A/H1N1v, A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 virus samples. After validation of the in-house version the commercial RealStar kit was used to assess the clinical performance and specificity on a panel of influenza viruses including A/H1N1v, A/H1N1, swine A/H1N1, A/H3N2, avian A/H5N1 as well as patient specimens. RESULTS The lower limit of detection of the in-house version was 2149, 1376 and 2994 RNA copies/ml for A/H1N1v, A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, respectively. The RealStar kit displayed 100% sensitivity and specificity and could reliably discriminate influenza A viruses from A/H1N1v. No cross reaction with swine A/H1N1 and A/H1N2 was observed with the RealStar A/H1N1v specific probe. CONCLUSION Both assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity and might assist in the diagnosis of suspected influenza cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Panning
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str. 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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40
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Bagci S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Yassin AF, Simon A, Bartmann P, Franz AR, Mueller A. Clinical characteristics of viral intestinal infection in preterm and term neonates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:1079-84. [PMID: 20563830 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of the viral enteric pathogens in newborn infants has not been adequately examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of viral intestinal infections in newborn infants. Clinical data of all term and preterm infants admitted to our tertiary neonatal intensive care unit from 1998 to 2007 with clinical signs of gastroenteritis (GE) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were retrospectively reviewed and compared between infants with different viral enteric pathogens in stool specimens. In 34 infants with signs of GE or NEC, enteropathogenic viruses were found in stool specimens. Rotavirus was detected in 12 cases, of which two infants had NEC. Compared with infants with rotavirus or norovirus, infants with astrovirus more frequently suffered from NEC (p<0.05). In addition, an acute systemic inflammatory response was significantly more common in patients with astrovirus infection (astrovirus vs. rotavirus and astrovirus vs. norovirus, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Of eight children infected with norovirus, one infant had a systemic acute inflammatory response and NEC. This study demonstrates that in newborn infants, intestinal rotavirus, norovirus, and astrovirus infections may be associated with severe illness such as hemorrhagic enteritis resulting in bloody diarrhea or even NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagci
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Adenauerallee 119, Bonn, Germany.
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41
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Drexler JF, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Rapid Antigen Test for Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.3201/eid1605.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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42
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Eis-Hübinger AM, Drexler JF, Reber U, Panning M, Drosten C, Weber-Schehl M, Hedges D, Baylis SA, Roth WK. Absence of detection of novel human parvoviruses in German plasma donations. Transfusion 2010; 50:266-7. [PMID: 20233349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Drexler JF, Helmer A, Kirberg H, Reber U, Panning M, Müller M, Höfling K, Matz B, Drosten C, Eis-Hübinger AM. Poor clinical sensitivity of rapid antigen test for influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 15:1662-4. [PMID: 19861069 PMCID: PMC2866420 DOI: 10.3201/eid1510.091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 144 clinical samples from Bonn, Germany. A common rapid antigen-based test detected the virus in only 11.1% of these samples. The paramount feature of rapid test-positive samples was high virus concentration. Antigen-based rapid tests appear unsuitable for virologic diagnostics in the current pandemic.
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Yu CF, Peng WM, Oldenburg J, Hoch J, Bieber T, Limmer A, Hartmann G, Barchet W, Eis-Hübinger AM, Novak N. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells support Th17 cell effector function in response to TLR7 ligation. J Immunol 2009; 184:1159-67. [PMID: 20026744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signals involved in the commitment of Th17 differentiation are of substantial interest for our understanding of antimicrobial defense mechanisms and autoimmune disorders. Various ways in which myeloid dendritic cells modulate Th17 differentiation have been identified. However, although plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are regarded as important players in antiviral/antimicrobial host defense and autoimmune diseases, a putative modulatory role of PDCs in Th17 differentiation has not yet been elucidated in detail. We demonstrated that PDCs are capable of promoting Th17 differentiation in response to TLR7 stimulation. Further, both the differentiation of Th17 cells from naive T cells and the amplification of Th17 effector functions of memory T cells are promoted by PDCs after TLR7 activation. Our data are of strong clinical relevance because TLR7 activation in PDCs might represent one of the missing links between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and contribute to the amplification of Th17-driven autoimmune disorders as well as viral host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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45
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Panning M, Eickmann M, Landt O, Monazahian M, Ölschläger S, Baumgarte S, Reischl U, Wenzel JJ, Niller HH, Günther S, Hollmann B, Huzly D, Drexler JF, Helmer A, Becker S, Matz B, Eis-Hübinger AM, Drosten C. Detection of influenza A(H1N1)v virus by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill 2009. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.36.19329-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)v virus was first identified in April 2009. A novel real-time RT-PCR for influenza A(H1N1)v virus was set up ad hoc and validated following industry-standard criteria. The lower limit of detection of the assay was 384 copies of viral RNA per ml of viral transport medium (95% confidence interval: 273-876 RNA copies/ml). Specificity was 100% as assessed on a panel of reference samples including seasonal human influenza A virus H1N1 and H3N2, highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 and porcine influenza A virus H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 samples. The real-time RT-PCR assay for the influenza A matrix gene recommended in 2007 by the World Health Organization was modified to work under the same reaction conditions as the influenza A(H1N1)v virus-specific test. Both assays were equally sensitive. Clinical applicability of both assays was demonstrated by screening of almost 2,000 suspected influenza (H1N1)v specimens, which included samples from the first cases of pandemic H1N1 influenza imported to Germany. Measuring influenza A(H1N1)v virus concentrations in 144 laboratory-confirmed samples yielded a median of 4.6 log RNA copies/ml. The new methodology proved its principle and might assist public health laboratories in the upcoming influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Panning
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Eickmann
- Institute for Virology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - O Landt
- TIB Molbiol, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Monazahian
- Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower-Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - S Baumgarte
- Institute for Hygiene and the Environment, Hamburg, Germany
| | - U Reischl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J J Wenzel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H H Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Günther
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Hollmann
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Huzly
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J F Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Helmer
- Institute of Virology, Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Becker
- Institute for Virology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Matz
- Institute of Virology, Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - C Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
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46
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Siebert SE, Müller A, Bartmann P, Heep A, Eis-Hübinger AM. Pränatale Parvovirus B19 Infektion als Ursache eines zerebralen Infarktes beim Neugeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Charbel Issa P, Eis-Hübinger AM, Klatt K, Holz FG, Loeffler KU. Oculoglandular syndrome associated with reactivated Epstein-Barr-virus infection. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:740, 855. [PMID: 18523078 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.132050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Charbel Issa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Str 2, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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48
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Schneider B, Fryer JF, Oldenburg J, Brackmann HH, Baylis SA, Eis-Hübinger AM. Frequency of contamination of coagulation factor concentrates with novel human parvovirus PARV4. Haemophilia 2008; 14:978-86. [PMID: 18565125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus, PARV4 was identified in a plasma sample from a patient presenting with symptoms resembling acute HIV infection. Further strains of PARV4 and those of a closely related variant virus, were identified in plasma pools used in the manufacture of blood derivatives. DNA sequence analysis of these strains demonstrated two distinct PARV4 genotypes. It has subsequently been proposed that transmission of PARV4 occurs by parenteral routes. To investigate the risk of contamination of plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates, we analysed 169 lots for PARV4 DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis and quantification of the viral load. Twenty-one lots, representing eight different products were administered until the beginning of the 1980s and were not virally inactivated. Two lots examined were used in 1997, and 146 lots representing 13 products had been administered between October 2000 and February 2003. PARV4 DNA was detected in 7(33%) of the formerly administered lots, in one lot used in 1997, and in 13(9%) recently used lots. PARV4 genotype 2 DNA was predominantly present in the older concentrates, whilst genotype 1 was found more frequently in recently used lots. In three lots, both PARV4 genotypes were detected. Viral loads ranged between <100 and 10(5.8) copies mL(-1) of product, with higher viral loads in the older concentrates. The results show that PARV4 contamination can be detected in an appreciable proportion of clotting factor concentrates. Further studies are needed to determine whether or not PARV4 contamination of coagulation factors causes harm to the product recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schneider
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
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49
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Bagci S, Eis-Hübinger AM, Simon A, Bierbaum G, Heep A, Schildgen O, Bartmann P, Franz A, Müller A. Klinik und Verlauf viraler gastrointestinaler Infektion bei Früh- und Neugeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1079019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Völz S, Schildgen O, Müller A, Tillmann RL, Eis-Hübinger AM, Kupfer B, Bode U, Lentze ML, Simon A. Das humane Bocavirus: Erreger von Atemwegsinfektionen? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2007; 132:1529-33. [PMID: 17607653 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The human Bocavirus (HBoV), the second member of the parvovirus family, which displays pathogenicity in humans, has been described in 2005 by Allander et al.. It seems to be distributed worldwide and has been isolated mainly in infants and children with respiratory tract infection. This review covers all studies published on HBoV to February 2007 and discusses this emerging viral pathogen from the perspective of inpatient medical treatment centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Völz
- Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Bonn, Germany
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