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Hall SAL, Burns GS, Mooney BJ, Millen R, Morris R, Vogrin S, Sundararajan V, Ratnam D, Levy MT, Lubel JS, Nicoll AJ, Strasser SI, Sievert W, Desmond PV, Ngu MC, Angus P, Sinclair M, Meredith C, Matthews G, Revill PA, Jackson K, Littlejohn M, Bowden S, Locarnini SA, Thompson AJ, Visvanathan K. Hepatitis B Virus Flares After Nucleot(s)ide Analogue Cessation Are Associated With Activation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:123-132. [PMID: 36108079 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the patterns of peripheral Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling activity and the expression of TLRs and natural killer (NK) cell activation in a cohort of patients experiencing severe hepatitis flares after stopping nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) therapy. METHODS Samples were collected longitudinally from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were enrolled in a prospective study of NA discontinuation. Patients experiencing hepatitis flares were compared with patients with normal alanine aminotransferase. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with TLR ligands and cytokine secretion in the cell culture supernatant measured. Expression of TLR2/4, NKG2D, NKp46, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) on monocytes, NK, and NK-T cells was measured. RESULTS Seventeen patients with severe reactivation hepatitis flares were compared to 12 nonflare patients. Hepatitis flares were associated with increased activity of TLR2-8 and TLR9 signaling in PBMCs at the time of peak flare compared to baseline. Hepatitis flares were also associated with (1) upregulation of TLR2 and (2) TREM-1 receptor expression on NK. There were no differences at baseline between flare patients and nonflare patients. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis flares off NA therapy have a significant innate inflammatory response with upregulation of TLR signaling on peripheral monocytes and TLR2 and TREM-1 expression on NK cells. This implicates the innate immune system in the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A L Hall
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gareth S Burns
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Mooney
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosemary Millen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Morris
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dilip Ratnam
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miriam T Levy
- Gastroenterology Department of Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John S Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Nicoll
- Gastroenterology Department of Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simone I Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V Desmond
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meng C Ngu
- Gastroenterology Department of Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Gail Matthews
- Department of infectious Disease, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, SydneyAustralia
| | - Peter A Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathy Jackson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Bowden
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen A Locarnini
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Thompson
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kumar Visvanathan
- Gastroenterology Department of St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Pradhan P, Toy R, Jhita N, Atalis A, Pandey B, Beach A, Blanchard EL, Moore SG, Gaul DA, Santangelo PJ, Shayakhmetov DM, Roy K. TRAF6-IRF5 kinetics, TRIF, and biophysical factors drive synergistic innate responses to particle-mediated MPLA-CpG co-presentation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd4235. [PMID: 33523878 PMCID: PMC7806213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses to pathogens are driven by co-presentation of multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Combinations of PAMPs can trigger synergistic immune responses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of synergy are poorly understood. Here, we used synthetic particulate carriers co-loaded with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and CpG as pathogen-like particles (PLPs) to dissect the signaling pathways responsible for dual adjuvant immune responses. PLP-based co-delivery of MPLA and CpG to GM-CSF-driven mouse bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells (BM-APCs) elicited synergistic interferon-β (IFN-β) and interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) responses, which were strongly influenced by the biophysical properties of PLPs. Mechanistically, we found that MyD88 and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) were necessary for IFN-β and IL-12p70 production, while TRIF signaling was required for the synergistic response. Both the kinetics and magnitude of downstream TRAF6 and IRF5 signaling drove the synergy. These results identify the key mechanisms of synergistic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-TLR9 co-signaling in mouse BM-APCs and underscore the critical role of signaling kinetics and biophysical properties on the integrated response to combination adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pradhan
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R Toy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Jhita
- Lowance Center of Human Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Atalis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Pandey
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Beach
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E L Blanchard
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S G Moore
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D A Gaul
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P J Santangelo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D M Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center of Human Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Choi JR, Lee JH, Xu A, Matthews K, Xie S, Duffy SP, Ma H. Monolithic hydrogel nanowells-in-microwells enabling simultaneous single cell secretion and phenotype analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4539-4551. [PMID: 33201962 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00965b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine secretion is a form of cellular communication that regulates a wide range of biological processes. A common approach for measuring cytokine secretion from single cells is to confine individual cells in arrays of nanoliter wells (nanowells) fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane. However, this approach cannot be easily integrated in standard microwell plates in order to take advantage of high-throughput infrastructure for automated and multiplexed analysis. Here, we used laser micropatterning to fabricate monolithic hydrogel nanowells inside wells in a microwell plate (microwells) using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). This approach produces high-aspect ratio nanowells that retain cells and beads during reagent exchange, enabling simultaneous profiling of single cell secretion and phenotyping via immunostaining. To limit contamination between nanowells, we used methylcellulose as a media additive to reduce diffusion distance. Patterning nanowells monolithically in microwells also dramatically increases density, providing ∼1200 nanowells per microwell in a microwell plate. Using this approach, we profiled IL-8 secretion from single MDA-MB-231 cells, which showed significant heterogeneity. We further profiled the polarization of THP-1 cells into M1 and M2 macrophages, along with their associated IL-1β and CCL-22 secretion profiles. These results demonstrate the potential to use this approach for high-throughput secretion and phenotype analysis on single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ru Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alec Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kerryn Matthews
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shuyong Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon P Duffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada and British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada
| | - Hongshen Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada and Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Canada
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4
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Uzeloto JS, de Toledo-Arruda AC, Silva BSDA, Golim MDA, Braz AMM, de Lima FF, Grigoletto I, Ramos EMC. Systemic Cytokine Profiles of CD4+ T Lymphocytes Correlate with Clinical Features and Functional Status in Stable COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2931-2940. [PMID: 33223825 PMCID: PMC7671532 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s268955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the expressions of intracellular cytokines in CD4+ T lymphocytes and to investigate the correlation between biomarker expressions and clinical and functional characteristics of stable COPD patients. Patients and Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 36 COPD patients, and the expression of cytokines (IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α) in T lymphocytes CD4 + was investigated. In addition, lung function, dyspnea symptoms, quality of life, vital signs, body composition, level of physical activity, peripheral muscle strength, and functional capacity were assessed. Results Individuals with greater bronchial obstruction present a higher proportion of CD4 + IL-2 + lymphocytes compared to individuals with less severe bronchial obstruction. We found a positive correlation between the expression of the cytokines IL-13, IL-17, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in CD4+ T lymphocytes. In addition, we found a positive correlation between CD4+ IL-10+ T lymphocytes and lower limb muscle strength and a negative correlation between CD4+ IL-8+ T lymphocytes and peripheral oxygen saturation and steps per day. Conclusion Systemic CD4+IL-2+, IL-8+, and IL-10+ T lymphocytes presented a correlation with clinical characteristics and functional status in stable COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Uzeloto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie de Assis Golim
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Postgraduate Program in Research & Development: Medical Biotechnology, Blood Center, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Márcia Marques Braz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Postgraduate Program in Research & Development: Medical Biotechnology, Blood Center, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Francisco de Lima
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis Grigoletto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physiotherapy, Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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