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Chen D, Shao Q, Ru X, Chen S, Cheng D, Ye Q. Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus in Hangzhou, China, in the postepidemic era. J Clin Virol 2024; 172:105679. [PMID: 38677156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Norovirus (NoV) is an important human pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis in vulnerable populations. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of 2021-2023 NoV in Hangzhou, China. METHODS This study enrolled patients aged 0-18 years who underwent NoV RNA detection in the hospital between January 2021 and October 2023 and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of NoV. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect NoV RNA. Subtype classification and whole-genome sequencing were performed. RESULTS There was a high prevalence of NoV infection in 2023, with NoV-positive samples accounting for 63.10 % of the total number of positive samples collected during the three-year period. The prevalence was abnormally high in summer, and the number of positive samples accounted for 48.20 % of the total positive samples for the whole year, which was much greater than the level in the same period in previous years (2023, 48.20% vs 2021, 13.66% vs 2022, 15.21 %). The GⅡ.4 subtype played a leading role, followed by increased mixed infection with GⅠ.5 and GⅡ.4. Whole-genome sequencing results suggested that GII.P16-GⅡ.4 had R297H and D372N key locus mutations. The evolutionary rate was 4.29 × 10-3 for the RdRp gene and 4.84 × 10-3 for the VP1 gene. The RdRp gene and VP1 gene of NoV GII.P16-GⅡ.4 have undergone rapid population evolution during the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSION In the summer of 2023, an abnormally high incidence of NoV appeared in Hangzhou, China. The major epidemic strain GII.P16-GⅡ.4 showed a certain range of gene mutations and a fast evolutionary rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Shao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanwen Ru
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen D, Zhang T, Chen S, Ru X, Shao Q, Ye Q, Cheng D. The effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza virus transmission. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336077. [PMID: 38389947 PMCID: PMC10881707 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during severe acute respiratory syndrome 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks may influence the spread of influenza viruses. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of NPIs against SARS-CoV-2 on the epidemiological features of the influenza season in China. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study analyzing influenza monitoring data obtained from the China National Influenza Center between 2011 and 2023. We compared the changes in influenza-positive patients in the pre-COVID-19 epidemic, during the COVID-19 epidemic, and post-COVID-19 epidemic phases to evaluate the effect of NPIs on influenza virus transmission. Results NPIs targeting COVID-19 significantly suppressed influenza activity in China from 2019 to 2022. In the seventh week after the implementation of the NPIs, the number of influenza-positive patients decreased by 97.46% in southern regions of China and 90.31% in northern regions of China. However, the lifting of these policies in December 2022 led to an unprecedented surge in influenza-positive cases in autumn and winter from 2022 to 2023. The percentage of positive influenza cases increased by 206.41% (p < 0.001), with high positivity rates reported in both the northern and southern regions of China. Conclusion Our findings suggest that NPIs against SARS-CoV-2 are effective at controlling influenza epidemics but may compromise individuals' immunity to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Informatlon Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Informatlon Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanwen Ru
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Shao
- School of Medical Technology and Informatlon Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- School of Medical Technology and Informatlon Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Li B, Wan Z, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Tian W, Zhang C. Rapid detection of human influenza A viruses by HFman probe-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21591. [PMID: 38106664 PMCID: PMC10722318 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since China abandoned the zero-COVID policy at the end of 2022, a wave of severe Flu pandemic emerged in China. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Influenza A virus (IAV) is critical for clinical management and therapeutic decision-making of patients with fever. Here, we reported a novel IAV HF-LAMP assay, which can be performed with purified RNA or directly using clinical samples. The assays with purified RNA and clinical samples have high sensitivity with limit of detection (LOD) of 9.6 copies/reaction, 9900 copies/mL, and short sample-to-answer times of 36 and 50 min, respectively. Both assays showed high specificity and significantly higher IAV detection rate than the rapid antigen detection (RAD) assays. Furthermore, we found the vast majority (91.2 %) of children with fever during the pandemic were infected by IAV, and current IAV infection has a very narrow detectable window. The novel IVA HF-LAMP assays will provide robust tools to facilitate early diagnosis of IAV infection in current and future seasonal influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wan
- Medical Laboratory of Taizhou Fourth Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Weimin Tian
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
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Hoque SA, Pham NTK, Onda-Shimizu Y, Nishimura S, Sugita K, Kobayashi M, Islam MT, Okitsu S, Khamrin P, Maneekarn N, Hayakawa S, Ushijima H. Sapovirus infections in Japan before and after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic: An alarming update. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29023. [PMID: 37543991 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
An increasing trend of sapovirus (SaV) infections in Japanese children during 2009-2019, particularly after the introduction of the voluntary rotavirus (RV)-vaccination program has been observed. Herein, we investigated the epidemiological situation of SaV infections from 2019 to 2022 when people adopted a precautionary lifestyle due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and RV vaccines had been implemented as routine vaccines. Stool samples were collected from children who attended outpatient clinics with acute gastroenteritis and analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to determine viral etiology. Among 961 stool samples, 80 (8.3%) were positive for SaV: 2019-2020 (6.5%), 2020-2021 (0%), and 2021-2022 (12.8%). The trend of SaV infection in Japanese children yet remained upward with statistical significance (p = 0.000). The major genotype was GI.1 (75%) which caused a large outbreak in Kyoto between December 2021 and February 2022. Phylogenetic, gene sequence and deduced amino acid sequence analyses suggested that these GI.1 strains detected in the outbreak and other places during 2021-2022 or 2019-2020 remained genetically identical and widely spread. This study reveals that SaV infection is increasing among Japanese children which is a grave concern and demands immediate attention to be paid before SaV attains a serious public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Ariful Hoque
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Cell and Tissue Culture Research, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Pham
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Onda-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nishimura
- Cell and Tissue Culture Research, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kumiko Sugita
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japanese Viral Gastritis Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kobayashi
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japanese Viral Gastritis Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shoko Okitsu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ru X, Chen S, Zhang T, Ding Z, Cheng D, Ye Q. Nonpharmaceutical intervention is an effective measure to block respiratory virus coinfections with SARS-CoV-2. J Infect 2023; 86:256-308. [PMID: 36669565 PMCID: PMC9846897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Ru
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Ye Q, Liu H, Mao J, Shu Q. Nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 disrupt the dynamic balance between influenza A virus and human immunity. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28292. [PMID: 36367115 PMCID: PMC9877879 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 epidemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) blocked the transmission route of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of NPIs on the influenza A virus (IAV) outbreak. The present study enrolled all children with respiratory tract infections who came to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2019 and July 2022. A direct immunofluorescence assay kit detected IAV. Virus isolation and Sanger sequencing were performed. From June to July 2022, in Hangzhou, China, the positive rate of IAV infection in children has increased rapidly, reaching 30.41%, and children over 3 years old are the main infected population, accounting for 75% of the total number of infected children. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses are representative strains during this period. In this outbreak, H3N2 was isolated from a cluster of its own and is highly homologous with A/South_Dakota/22/2022 (2021-2022 Northern Hemisphere). Between isolated influenza A (H3N2) viruses and A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the nucleotide homology of the HA gene ranged from 97.3% to 97.5%; the amino acid homology was 97%-97.2%, and the genetic distance of nucleotides ranged from 0.05 to 0.052. Compared with A/South_Dakota/22/2022, the isolated H3N2 showed S156H, N159Y, I160T, D186S, S198P, I48T, S53D, and K171N mutations. There was no variation in 13 key amino acid sites associated with neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in NA protein. Long-term NPIs have significantly affected the evolution and transmission of the influenza virus and human immunity, breaking the dynamic balance between the IAV and human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
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7
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Xia J, Zhu Y, Bi H, Wu X, Hao M, Chen J, Wu C. Respiratory virus infections among hospitalized children aged 7 years and younger in Wuhan, China, 2017-2021. J Infect 2023; 86:e1-e4. [PMID: 36087744 PMCID: PMC9451932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Bi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengchan Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,Corresponding author at: No. 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chunchen Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,Corresponding author at: NO. 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, P.R.China, 430070
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Liu P, Xu J. Resurgence of influenza virus activity during COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China. J Infect 2023; 86:66-117. [PMID: 36183908 PMCID: PMC9551990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Rd, Minhang District, Shanghai 201102, China
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9
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Tang Y, Dang X, Lv M, Norris SL, Chen Y, Ren L, Liu E. Changes in the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in children due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 2022; 86:154-225. [PMID: 36460171 PMCID: PMC9708107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyang Dang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Chevidence Lab of Child and Adolescent Health, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yaolong Chen
- Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Lanzhou University GRADE Center, Lanzhou, China,Lanzhou University, An Affiliate of the Cochrane China Network, Lanzhou, China
| | - Luo Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Abundance of viral gastroenteritis before and after the emergence of COVID-19: Molecular evidence on wastewater. J Infect 2022; 86:154-225. [PMID: 36402208 PMCID: PMC9671530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xu P, Wang H, Han X, Li M. Incident changes in the prevalence of influenza virus during COVID‐19 pandemic in Hangzhou, China. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:623-625. [PMID: 35927891 PMCID: PMC9436910 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Zhejiang Hospital Hangzhou China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Xiucui Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Meng Li
- Clinical Laboratory Zhejiang Hospital Hangzhou China
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