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Bonaccorso A, Privitera A, Grasso M, Salamone S, Carbone C, Pignatello R, Musumeci T, Caraci F, Caruso G. The Therapeutic Potential of Novel Carnosine Formulations: Perspectives for Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:778. [PMID: 37375726 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenous dipeptide synthesized via the activity of the ATP-dependent enzyme carnosine synthetase 1 and can be found at a very high concentration in tissues with a high metabolic rate, including muscles (up to 20 mM) and brain (up to 5 mM). Because of its well-demonstrated multimodal pharmacodynamic profile, which includes anti-aggregant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as its ability to modulate the energy metabolism status in immune cells, this dipeptide has been investigated in numerous experimental models of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and at a clinical level. The main limit for the therapeutic use of carnosine is related to its rapid hydrolysis exerted by carnosinases, especially at the plasma level, reason why the development of new strategies, including the chemical modification of carnosine or its vehiculation into innovative drug delivery systems (DDS), aiming at increasing its bioavailability and/or at facilitating the site-specific transport to different tissues, is of utmost importance. In the present review, after a description of carnosine structure, biological activities, administration routes, and metabolism, we focused on different DDS, including vesicular systems and metallic nanoparticles, as well as on possible chemical derivatization strategies related to carnosine. In particular, a basic description of the DDS employed or the derivatization/conjugation applied to obtain carnosine formulations, followed by the possible mechanism of action, is given. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that includes all the new formulations of carnosine (DDS and derivatives), allowing a decrease or complete prevention of the hydrolysis of this dipeptide exerted by carnosinases, the simultaneous blood-brain barrier crossing, the maintenance or enhancement of carnosine biological activity, and the site-specific transport to different tissues, which then offers perspectives for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Privitera
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Sonya Salamone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED-Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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Zhang N, Zane CP, Chen Y, Yildirim E, Hinks D, Tonelli AE, Vinueza NR, Pasquinelli MA. Physical Characterization of Inclusion Complexes of Triphenyl Phosphate and Cyclodextrins in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:404-412. [PMID: 31845800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to provide physical insights into the formation and stability of inclusion complexes (ICs) in aqueous solution between cyclodextrins (CDs) and a common flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP). Quantum chemistry calculations reveal the possible energetically favorable geometries of TPP in their 1:1 IC form with α-, β-, and γ-CDs as well as their associated complexation, conformational, and interaction energies. High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS were used with electrospray ionization to study the soluble ICs formed between TPP and CDs. Successful formation of TPP ICs with both β- and γ-CD in solution was detected in the ratio of 1:1 using high-resolution MS in the positive ion mode. Collision-induced dissociation confirmed the formation of TPP ICs with β- and γ-CDs by generating two product ions, TPP and β- or γ-CD, in both cases. Although quantum chemistry calculations suggest that IC formation with α-CD is energetically possible, an IC with α-CD is not observed in aqueous solution using MS, which aligns with what we also previously observed in the solid state. Since TPP forms stable ICs with β- and γ-CDs both in the solid state and in solution suggests that complexation could be a safer alternative than applying TPP directly to a substrate. In addition, complexation with CDs in solution also opens up new processing methods to create flame-retardant fabrics and foams with TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Zhang
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Cody P Zane
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Yufei Chen
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - David Hinks
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Alan E Tonelli
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Nelson R Vinueza
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Melissa A Pasquinelli
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program , North Carolina State University , Campus Box 8301 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
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Bonaccorso C, Grasso G, Musso N, Barresi V, Condorelli DF, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E. Water soluble glucose derivative of thiocarbohydrazone acts as ionophore with cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 182:92-102. [PMID: 29452884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble ionophore based on the thiocarbohydrazone moiety conjugated with glucose (GluTch) was synthesized through a simple two-step procedure. Structural elucidation was carried out in water solution by means of various spectroscopic techniques (NMR, UV-Vis, and CD), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. The flexible nature of the thiocarbohydrazone moiety of the new glycoderivative compound induced both different coordination motifs and stoichiometry towards copper and zinc. Cytotoxicity assays of the ligands on the human normal keratinocyte NCTC-2544, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines demonstrated that i) higher activity on cancer cells growth inhibition compared to a normal cell line; ii) the introduction of the glucose unit does not alter the cytotoxic activity of the underivatized ionophore ligand and iii) the presence of copper ion improves the activity of the thiocarbohydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Bonaccorso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, via Celso Ulpiani, 27, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sez. Biochimica Medica, via S. Sofia 64, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenza Barresi
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sez. Biochimica Medica, via S. Sofia 64, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele F Condorelli
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sez. Biochimica Medica, via S. Sofia 64, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, via Celso Ulpiani, 27, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, via Celso Ulpiani, 27, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Magrì A, Grasso G, Corti F, Finetti F, Greco V, Santoro AM, Sciuto S, La Mendola D, Morbidelli L, Rizzarelli E. Peptides derived from the histidine–proline rich glycoprotein bind copper ions and exhibit anti-angiogenic properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9492-9503. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A peptide belonging to the histidine–proline rich glycoprotein binds copper(ii), inhibiting metal angiogenic responses in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Magrì
- Istituto di Biostrutture eBioimmagini-CNR
- 95126 Catania
- Italy
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Istituto di Biostrutture eBioimmagini-CNR
- 95126 Catania
- Italy
| | - Federico Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
| | - Federica Finetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
- Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Siena
- 53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - Valentina Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita
- Università di Siena
- 53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
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Bellia F, Oliveri V, Rizzarelli E, Vecchio G. New derivative of carnosine for nanoparticle assemblies. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:225-32. [PMID: 24158014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) is an endogenous dipeptide, extensively studied owing to its multifunctional activity exhibited in tissues of several animal species. This natural compound may act as a physiological buffer, ion-chelating agent (especially for copper(II) and zinc(II)), antioxidant and antiglycating agent. The main limit for the therapeutical uses of carnosine is the rapid hydrolysis mostly in human plasma by carnosinase. The chemical derivatization of carnosine is a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability of the dipeptide and facilitating the site-specific transport to different tissues. On this basis, a new carnosine derivative with biotin was synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR and MS measurements, with aim of exploiting the avidin-biotin technology that offers a universal system for selective delivery of any biotinylated agent. The stability of the new carnosine derivative towards the hydrolytic action of serum carnosinase as well as the copper(II) binding ability of the carnosine-biotin conjugate were also assessed. The binding affinity of the new molecular entity to avidin and streptavidin, investigated by a spectrophotometric assay, was exploited to functionalize avidin- and streptavidin-gold nanoparticles with the carnosine-biotin conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Grasso G, Magrì A, Bellia F, Pietropaolo A, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E. The copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination mode of HExxH and HxxEH motif in small peptides: the role of carboxylate location and hydrogen bonding network. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 130:92-102. [PMID: 24184693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with two hexapeptides encompassing HExxH and HxxEH motif were characterized by means of a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Parallel tempering and density functional theory (DFT) investigations show the presence of different hydrogen bonding networks between the copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with the two peptides, suggesting a significant contribution of these non-covalent interactions to the stability constant values. The glutamate carboxylate group has a direct role in metal ion binding. The location of this amino acid along the sequence of the investigated peptides is critical to determine thermodynamic and spectroscopic features of the copper(II) complex species, whereas is less relevant in the zinc(II) complexes formation. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) characterization of the zinc(II) complex species show that in the [ZnH-2L] two deprotonated amide nitrogen atoms are involved in the metal coordination environment, an uncommon behavior in zinc(II) complexes for multi-histidine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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7
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Travaglia A, La Mendola D, Magrì A, Pietropaolo A, Nicoletti VG, Grasso G, Malgieri G, Fattorusso R, Isernia C, Rizzarelli E. Zinc(II) interactions with brain-derived neurotrophic factor N-terminal peptide fragments: inorganic features and biological perspectives. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11075-83. [PMID: 24070197 DOI: 10.1021/ic401318t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin essential for neuronal differentiation, growth, and survival; it is involved in memory formation and higher cognitive functions. The N-terminal domain of BDNF is crucial for the binding selectivity and activation of its specific TrkB receptor. Zn(2+) ion binding may influence BDNF activity. Zn(2+) complexes with the peptide fragment BDNF(1-12) encompassing the sequence 1-12 of the N-terminal domain of BDNF were studied by means of potentiometry, electrospray mass spectrometry, NMR, and density functional theory (DFT) approaches. The predominant Zn(2+) complex species, at physiological pH, is [ZnL] in which the metal ion is bound to an amino, an imidazole, and two water molecules (NH2, N(Im), and 2O(water)) in a tetrahedral environment. DFT-based geometry optimization of the zinc coordination environment showed a hydrogen bond between the carboxylate and a water molecule bound to zinc in [ZnL]. The coordination features of the acetylated form [AcBDNF(1-12)] and of a single mutated peptide [BDNF(1-12)D3N] were also characterized, highlighting the role of the imidazole side chain as the first anchoring site and ruling out the direct involvement of the aspartate residue in the metal binding. Zn(2+) addition to the cell culture medium induces an increase in the proliferative activity of the BDNF(1-12) peptide and of the whole protein on the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. The effect of Zn(2+) is opposite to that previously observed for Cu(2+) addition, which determines a decrease in the proliferative activity for both peptide and protein, suggesting that these metals might discriminate and modulate differently the activity of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Travaglia
- Center for Neural Science, New York University , 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Biernacka J, Betlejewska-Kielak K, Witowska-Jarosz J, Kłosińska-Szmurło E, Mazurek AP. Mass spectrometry and molecular modeling studies on the inclusion complexes between alendronate and β-cyclodextrin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2013; 78:437-443. [PMID: 24431983 PMCID: PMC3887263 DOI: 10.1007/s10847-013-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of alendronate sodium (AlnNa) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was studied by means of ESI-mass spectrometry. The experimental results show that stable 1:1 inclusion complexes between selected bisphosphonates and β-CD were formed. In addition, complexes with different stoichiometry were observed. DFT/B3LYP calculations were performed to elucidate the different inclusion behavior between alendronate and β-CD. Molecular modeling showed that the inclusion complex of Aln-β-CD where the two phosphonate groups bound to the central carbon atom of bisphosphonate were inserted into the cavity of β-CD from its "top" side was thermodynamically more favorable than when they were inserted from its "bottom" side; the complexation energy was -74.05 versus -60.85 kcal/mol. The calculations indicated that the formation of conventional hydrogen bonds was the main factor for non-covalent β-CD:Aln complex formation and stabilization in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Biernacka
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Ewa Kłosińska-Szmurło
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander P. Mazurek
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
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Carnosine derivatives: new multifunctional drug-like molecules. Amino Acids 2011; 43:153-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Grasso GI, Arena G, Bellia F, Maccarrone G, Parrinello M, Pietropaolo A, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Intramolecular Weak Interactions in the Thermodynamic Stereoselectivity of Copper(II) Complexes with Carnosine-Trehalose Conjugates. Chemistry 2011; 17:9448-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Grasso GI, Bellia F, Arena G, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Noncovalent Interaction-Driven Stereoselectivity of Copper(II) Complexes with Cyclodextrin Derivatives of l- and d-Carnosine. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4917-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Ida Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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New glycoside derivatives of carnosine and analogs resistant to carnosinase hydrolysis: Synthesis and characterization of their copper(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bellia F, La Mendola D, Pedone C, Rizzarelli E, Saviano M, Vecchio G. Selectively functionalized cyclodextrins and their metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2756-81. [PMID: 19690752 DOI: 10.1039/b718436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers of alpha-1,4-linked D-glucopyranose. Due to their unique structure, marked by a chiral and hydrophobic cavity, CDs have been extensively used as chiral selectors and drug delivery systems. The functionalization both improve the CD applications and widen their use in many other fields, such as molecular recognition and enzyme mimicking. Moreover, the functionalization highly increases the metal binding properties of the CDs. This critical review is a report of recent applications concerning the CD derivatives and their metal complexes. The metal ion assists the host-guest interaction often increasing the properties of CDs to act as chiral receptors. Furthermore, it can act as a catalytic center in the mimicking of metalloenzymes based on functionalized CDs (164 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Mancuso C, Pennisi G, Calafato S, Bellia F, Bates TE, Giuffrida Stella AM, Schapira T, Dinkova Kostova AT, Rizzarelli E. Cellular stress response: a novel target for chemoprevention and nutritional neuroprotection in aging, neurodegenerative disorders and longevity. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:2444-71. [PMID: 18629638 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The predominant molecular symptom of aging is the accumulation of altered gene products. Moreover, several conditions including protein, lipid or glucose oxidation disrupt redox homeostasis and lead to accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the aging brain. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases or Friedreich ataxia are neurological diseases sharing, as a common denominator, production of abnormal proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to the pathogenesis of these so called "protein conformational diseases". The central nervous system has evolved the conserved mechanism of unfolded protein response to cope with the accumulation of misfolded proteins. As one of the main intracellular redox systems involved in neuroprotection, the vitagene system is emerging as a neurohormetic potential target for novel cytoprotective interventions. Vitagenes encode for cytoprotective heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp70 and heme oxygenase-1, as well as thioredoxin reductase and sirtuins. Nutritional studies show that ageing in animals can be significantly influenced by dietary restriction. Thus, the impact of dietary factors on health and longevity is an increasingly appreciated area of research. Reducing energy intake by controlled caloric restriction or intermittent fasting increases lifespan and protects various tissues against disease. Genetics has revealed that ageing may be controlled by changes in intracellular NAD/NADH ratio regulating sirtuin, a group of proteins linked to aging, metabolism and stress tolerance in several organisms. Recent findings suggest that several phytochemicals exhibit biphasic dose responses on cells with low doses activating signaling pathways that result in increased expression of vitagenes encoding survival proteins, as in the case of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway activated by curcumin and NAD/NADH-sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol. Consistently, the neuroprotective roles of dietary antioxidants including curcumin, acetyl-L-carnitine and carnosine have been demonstrated through the activation of these redox-sensitive intracellular pathways. Although the notion that stress proteins are neuroprotective is broadly accepted, still much work needs to be done in order to associate neuroprotection with specific pattern of stress responses. In this review the importance of vitagenes in the cellular stress response and the potential use of dietary antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95100, Catania, Italy.
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Fournier F, Afonso C, Ménand M, Hamon L, Xie J, Tabet JC. Investigation by mass spectrometry of metal complexes of new molecular hosts: cyclic oligomer of sugar amino acid and sugar-aza-crown ethers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2008; 14:61-69. [PMID: 18493095 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The affinity of cyclic oligomers of sugar amino acid and sugar-aza-crown ether compounds towards various transition metal cations (Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II)) was investigated with positive-ion electrospray mass spectrometry. The binding between the receptors (M) and the different metals (Met) is evidenced mainly by the presence of the [M + Met(II)Cl](+) ion. The experimental results showed that all studied receptors present specificity to Cu(II). An attempt has been made with CuI but no complexation was obtained. The formation of these complexes can be rationalized by considering the presence of two oxygens and two nitrogens on the receptor rim. The lone electron pair can serve as the electron donor to Cu(II). Theoretical calculations were carried out in order to show the structure of the complex and, in particular, to determine if Cu(2+) is situated either on the outer surface, on the rim of the receptor or inside the cavity. Comparison of complex formation was carried out by mixing the four receptors with various amounts of Cu(II) (one equivalent and five equivalents). It appears that the best complexation was obtained with the sugar-aza-crown ethers (amine linker) for both benzylated and methylated compounds. In addition, the stereochemical effects have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Fournier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CNRS UMR7613, Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, F- 75005 Paris, France
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Bellia F, La Mendola D, Maccarrone G, Mineo P, Vitalini D, Scamporrino E, Sortino S, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Copper(II) complexes with β-cyclodextrin–homocarnosine conjugates and their antioxidant activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wu B, Wang Q, Guo L, Shen R, Xie J, Yun L, Zhong B. Amino-substituted β-cyclodextrin copper(II) complexes for the electrophoretic enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids: Role of dual chelate–inclusion interaction and mechanism. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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