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Role of Iron in Aging Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050865. [PMID: 35624729 PMCID: PMC9137504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron progressively accumulates with age and can be further exacerbated by dietary iron intake, genetic factors, and repeated blood transfusions. While iron plays a vital role in various physiological processes within the human body, its accumulation contributes to cellular aging in several species. In its free form, iron can initiate the formation of free radicals at a cellular level and contribute to systemic disorders. This is most evident in high iron conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis, when accumulation of iron contributes to the development of arthritis, cirrhosis, or cardiomyopathy. A growing body of research has further identified iron’s contributory effects in neurodegenerative diseases, ocular disorders, cancer, diabetes, endocrine dysfunction, and cardiovascular diseases. Reducing iron levels by repeated phlebotomy, iron chelation, and dietary restriction are the common therapeutic considerations to prevent iron toxicity. Chelators such as deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox have become the standard of care in managing iron overload conditions with other potential applications in cancer and cardiotoxicity. In certain animal models, drugs with iron chelating ability have been found to promote health and even extend lifespan. As we further explore the role of iron in the aging process, iron chelators will likely play an increasingly important role in our health.
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Jacob MCM, da Silva-Maia JK, Albuquerque UP, Pereira FDO. Culture matters: A systematic review of antioxidant potential of tree legumes in the semiarid region of Brazil and local processing techniques as a driver of bioaccessibility. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264950. [PMID: 35263378 PMCID: PMC8906597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnobotanical studies report that human populations from the Brazilian Caatinga biome use tree legumes (Fabaceae) with medicinal and food purposes. Our study provides a systematic review of the available published information concerning the antioxidant potential of Hymenaea courbaril L. (jatobá), Libidibia ferrea (Mart. Ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz (jucá), and Dioclea grandiflora Mart. Ex Benth. (mucunã). Furthermore, in this paper, we infer the possible effects of local processing techniques applied to these plants on their antioxidant potential. In order to achieve these goals, we reviewed 52 articles, including studies from ethnobiology (n = 17), chemistry (n = 32), and food studies testing antioxidant activity (n = 17), excluding 14 repetitions. We found that these legume species can inhibit the formation of free radicals and this potential action varies among different parts of the plant. Probably, the presence of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are not uniformly distributed in the plants, explain their antioxidant activity. Local processing techniques (i.e., roasting, milling) affect the bioaccessibility of antioxidant components of tree legumes, inducing both positive and negative effects. However, studies about the antioxidant potential did not consider local processing techniques in their analyses. Our study highlights that culture is a fundamental driver of nutritional and pharmacological outcomes related to edible resources since it determines which parts of the plant people consume and how they prepare them. Hence, ignoring cultural variables in the analysis of antioxidant activity will produce inaccurate or wrong scientific conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Kelly da Silva-Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Nutrition Department, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
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Santos CMM, Silva AMS. The Antioxidant Activity of Prenylflavonoids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030696. [PMID: 32041233 PMCID: PMC7037609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids combine the flavonoid moiety and the lipophilic prenyl side-chain. A great number of derivatives belonging to the class of chalcones, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones and other complex structures possessing different prenylation patterns have been studied in the past two decades for their potential as antioxidant agents. In this review, current knowledge on the natural occurrence and structural characteristics of both natural and synthetic derivatives was compiled. An exhaustive survey on the methods used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of these prenylflavonoids and the main results obtained were also presented and discussed. Whenever possible, structure-activity relationships were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina M. M. Santos
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.M.S.); (A.M.S.S.)
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Ferrosenescence: The iron age of neurodegeneration? Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 174:63-75. [PMID: 29180225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with iron retention in many cell types, including the neurons, promoting neurodegeneration by ferroptosis. Excess intracellular iron accelerates aging by damaging the DNA and blocking genomic repair systems, a process we define as ferrosenescence. Novel neuroimaging and proteomic techniques have pinpointed indicators of both iron retention and ferrosenescence, allowing for their early correction, potentially bringing prevention of neurodegenerative disorders within reach. In this review, we take a closer look at the early markers of iron dyshomeostasis in neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on preventive strategies based on nutritional and microbiome manipulations.
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Shen K, Mao S, Shi X, Wu H. Four-, five- and six-coordinated transition metal complexes based on naphthalimide Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and properties. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Kesheng Shen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkui Shi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Huilu Wu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
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Yousef T, Alduaij O, Abu El-Reash G, El Morshedy R. Semiempirical studies, spectral analysis, in vitro antibacterial and DNA degradation studies of heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone ligand and its metal complexes. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yu SH, Yu JM, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ, Kang DH, Cho YJ, Kim DM. Anti-Proliferative Effects of Rutin on OLETF Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulated by Glucose Variability. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:373-81. [PMID: 26847289 PMCID: PMC4740529 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.2.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. Rutin is a major representative of the flavonol subclass of flavonoids and has various pharmacological activities. Currently, data are lacking regarding its effects on VSMC proliferation induced by intermittent hyperglycemia. Here, we demonstrate the effects of rutin on VSMC proliferation and migration according to fluctuating glucose levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cultures of male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat VSMCs were obtained from enzymatically dissociated rat thoracic aortas. VSMCs were incubated for 72 h with alternating normal (5.5 mmol/L) and high (25.0 mmol/L) glucose media every 12 h. Proliferation and migration of VSMCs, the proliferative molecular pathway [including p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), p38 MAPK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and Akt], the migratory pathway (big MAPK 1, BMK1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic pathway were analyzed. RESULTS We found enhanced proliferation and migration of VSMCs when cells were incubated in intermittent high glucose conditions, compared to normal glucose. These effects were lowered upon rutin treatment. Intermittent treatment with high glucose for 72 h increased the expression of phospho-p44/42 MAPK (extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, ERK1/2), phospho-MEK1/2, phospho-PI3K, phospho-NF-κB, phospho-BMK1, and ROS, compared to treatment with normal glucose. These effects were suppressed by rutin. Phospho-p38 MAPK, phospho-Akt, JNK, and apoptotic pathways [B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL, Bcl-2, phospho-Bad, and caspase-3] were not affected by fluctuations in glucose levels. CONCLUSION Fluctuating glucose levels increased proliferation and migration of OLETF rat VSMCs via MAPK (ERK1/2), BMK1, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways. These effects were inhibited by the antioxidant rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Man Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Paul SS, Selim M, Saha A, Mukherjea KK. Synthesis and structural characterization of dioxomolybdenum and dioxotungsten hydroxamato complexes and their function in the protection of radiation induced DNA damage. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2835-48. [PMID: 24336831 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of two novel dioxomolybdenum(VI) (1) and dioxotungsten(VI) (2) complexes with 2-phenylacetylhydroxamic acid (PAHH) [M(O)2(PAH)2] [M = Mo, W] have been accomplished. The dioxomolybdenum(VI) and dioxotungsten(VI) moiety is coordinated by the hydroxamate group (-CONHO(-)) of the 2-phenylacetylhydroxamate (PAH) ligand in a bi-dentate fashion. In both the complexes the PAHH ligand is coordinated through oxygen atoms forming a five membered chelate. The hydrogen atom of N-H of the hydroxamate group is engaged in intermolecular H-bonding with the carbonyl oxygen of another coordinated hydroxamate ligand, thereby forming an extended 1D chain. The ligand as well as both the complexes exhibit the ability to protect from radiation induced damage both in CTDNA as well as in pUC19 plasmid DNA. As the damage to DNA is caused by the radicals generated during radiolysis, its scavenging imparts protection from the damage to DNA. To understand the mechanism of protection, binding affinities of the ligand and the complex with DNA were determined using absorption and emission spectral studies and viscosity measurements, whereby the results indicate that both the complexes and the hydroxamate ligand interact with calf thymus DNA in the minor groove. The intrinsic binding constants, obtained from UV-vis studies, are 7.2 × 10(3) M(-1), 5.2 × 10(4) M(-1) and 1.2 × 10(4) M(-1) for the ligand and complexes 1 and 2 respectively. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants obtained from a luminescence study for both the complexes are 5.6 × 10(4) M(-1) and 1.6 × 10(4) M(-1) respectively. The dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex is found to be a more potent radioprotector compared to the dioxotungsten(VI) complex and the ligand. Radical scavenging chemical studies suggest that the complexes have a greater ability to scavenge both the hydroxyl as well as the superoxide radicals compared to the ligand. The free radical scavenging ability of the ligand and the complexes was further established by EPR spectroscopy using a stable free radical, the DPPH, as a probe. The experimental results of DNA binding are further supported by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shankar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Shawish HB, Wong WY, Wong YL, Loh SW, Looi CY, Hassandarvish P, Phan AYL, Wong WF, Wang H, Paterson IC, Ea CK, Mustafa MR, Maah MJ. Nickel(II) complex of polyhydroxybenzaldehyde N4-thiosemicarbazone exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB transactivation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100933. [PMID: 24977407 PMCID: PMC4076215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological properties of thiosemicarbazone have been widely reported. The incorporation of some transition metals such as Fe, Ni and Cu to thiosemicarbazone complexes is known to enhance its biological effects. In this study, we incorporated nickel(II) ions into thiosemicarbazone with N4-substitution groups H3L (H; H3L1, CH3; H3L2, C6H5; H3L3 and C2H5; H3L4) and examined its potential anti-inflammatory activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Four ligands (1-4) and their respective nickel-containing complexes (5-8) were synthesized and characterized. The compounds synthesized were tested for their effects on NF-κB nuclear translocation, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and NF-κB transactivation activity. The active compound was further evaluated on its ability to suppress carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in vivo. A potential binding target of the active compound was also predicted by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Among all synthesized compounds tested, we found that complex [Ni(H2L1)(PPh3)]Cl (5) (complex 5), potently inhibited IκBα degradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells as well as TNFα-stimulated HeLa S3 cells. In addition, complex 5 significantly down-regulated LPS- or TNFα-induced transcription of NF-κB target genes, including genes that encode the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IFNβ and IL6. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that complex 5 inhibited the transactivation activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of complex 5 was also supported by its suppressive effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema formation in wild type C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, molecular docking study showed that complex 5 potentially interact with the active site of IKKβ. Taken together, we suggest complex 5 as a novel NF-κB inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bashir Shawish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Wong
- Institute of Biological Sciences at the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Li Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sheng Wei Loh
- Institute of Biological Sciences at the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Medical Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alicia Yi Ling Phan
- Department of Medical Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P. R. China
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Kwee Ea
- Institute of Biological Sciences at the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Jamil Maah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Raman N, Sakthivel A, Pravin N. Exploring DNA binding and nucleolytic activity of few 4-aminoantipyrine based amino acid Schiff base complexes: a comparative approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 125:404-413. [PMID: 24566120 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized from Schiff base(s), obtained by the condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine with furfural and amino acid (glycine(L1)/alanine(L2)/valine(L3)) and respective metal(II) chloride. Their structural features and other properties were explored from the analytical and spectral methods. The binding behaviors of the complexes to calf thymus DNA were investigated by absorption spectra, viscosity measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The intrinsic binding constants for the above synthesized complexes are found to be in the order of 10(2) to 10(5) indicating that most of the synthesized complexes are good intercalators. The binding constant values (Kb) clearly indicate that valine Schiff-base complexes have more intercalating ability than alanine and glycine Schiff-base complexes. The results indicate that the complexes bind to DNA through intercalation and act as efficient cleaving agents. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal assay indicates that these complexes are good antimicrobial agents against various pathogens. The IC50 values of [Ni(L1)2] and [Zn(L1)2] complexes imply that these complexes have preferable ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raman
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Sakthivel
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Pravin
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Silva PP, Guerra W, dos Santos GC, Fernandes NG, Silveira JN, da Costa Ferreira AM, Bortolotto T, Terenzi H, Bortoluzzi AJ, Neves A, Pereira-Maia EC. Correlation between DNA interactions and cytotoxic activity of four new ternary compounds of copper(II) with N-donor heterocyclic ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 132:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Raman N, Sakthivel A, Selvaganapathy M, Mitu L. Effect of DNA interaction involving antioxidative 4-aminoantipyrine incorporating mixed ligand complexes having alpha-amino acid as co-ligand. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu H, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Shi F, Pan G, Kong J, Fan X. Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding properties and antioxidant activity of zinc(II) complexes based on the V-shaped bis(2-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)benzylamine ligand and its derivative. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wu H, Yuan J, Pan G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Shi F, Fan X. The V-shaped ligand bis(N-allylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)benzylamine and its Ag(I) complex: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding properties and antioxidation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 122:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sá RDCDSE, Almeida RND, Bhattacharyya J. Pharmaceutical properties and toxicology of Dioclea grandiflora. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:659-667. [PMID: 23368936 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.755208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Since the beginning of civilization, herbal medicines have been an important source for human beings to treat their ailments. Despite the large number of synthetic remedies available in the market, the use of plants is seen as a great challenge in the search for new substances endowed with therapeutic properties. One example is Dioclea grandiflora Mart. ex Benth. (Leguminosae) employed in traditional medicine to treat prostate disorders and kidney stones. OBJECTIVES This work presents a brief overview of D. grandiflora, including a description of the plant, its chemical composition and pharmacological properties. METHODS This review gathers information available in the scientific literature compiled from databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Dr. Dukes Phytochemical and Ethnobotany, Missouri Botanical Garden and The International Plant Names Index. RESULTS The information found in the literature showed that flavonoids are the major constituents of D. grandiflora that account for most of the pharmacological properties so far disclosed. Several studies have revealed that D. grandiflora possesses antinociceptive, cardiovascular, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Research shows that D. grandiflora is a potential source of compounds pertaining medicinal applications. It provides an interesting subject in the search for new drugs of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia da Silveira E Sá
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Av Antonio Lira, 950, Cabo Branco, 58045-030, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
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Wu H, Yuan J, Bai Y, Wang H, Pan G, Kong J. A seven-coordinated manganese(II) complex with V-shaped ligand bis(N-benzylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)benzylamine: Synthesis, structure, DNA-binding properties and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 116:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wu H, Yuan J, Bai Y, Pan G, Wang H, Shao J, Gao J, Wang Y. Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding properties, and antioxidant activity of a V-shaped ligand bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)benzylamine and its zinc(II) complex. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.741229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilu Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi’an 710069 , P.R. China
- b School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Yuan
- b School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- b School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Guolong Pan
- b School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- b School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Juanhui Shao
- b School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Jiali Gao
- b School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi’an 710069 , P.R. China
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Jamali AA, Tavakoli A, Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi J. Analytical overview of DNA interaction with Morin and its metal complexes. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu HL, Yuan JK, Huang XC, Kou F, Liu B, Jia F, Wang KT, Bai Y. Two zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes based on the V-shaped ligand 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding properties and antioxidant activities. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Stuard S, Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Dugall M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Di Renzo A, Grossi MG. Five-year treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides: safety aspects. Int J Angiol 2012; 17:143-8. [PMID: 22477419 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and related signs and symptoms of venous and diabetic microangiopathy, can be effectively treated with O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (HR). The aim of the present independent registry study was to evaluate HR in a long-term (five-year) period of administration that examined the tolerability and safety of HR. Patients with severe CVI and venous microangiopathy were included in the registry. Subjects who completed five years of treatment were considered in the analysis. Blood parameters, liver and renal function tests, microalbuminuria (in diabetic patients) and cholesterol levels were evaluated to assess the effects of HR treatment. Four groups were studied - group A (98 patients) received oral HR (1500 mg per day), group B (87 diabetic patients with CVI) was treated with 2 g of HR per day, group C (90 controls, including 42 diabetic patients) had no pharmacological treatment and group D (113 patients, including 48 diabetic patients) used elastic stockings. No significant negative changes in blood parameters were recorded at two and five years. Decreases in microalbuminuria and total cholesterol, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in HR-treated patients, particularly in diabetic patients. Minimal (nonsignificant) variations were observed in the groups that did not use HR. In conclusion, HR treatment is safe, and some positive effects from HR on cholesterol levels and microalbuminuria (in diabetic patients) that were previously observed may suggest potential new clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stuard
- Unitá Operative Dialisi/Diaferesi, L'Aquila
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22
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Wu H, Yuan J, Bai Y, Pan G, Wang H, Shu X, Yu G. A V-shaped ligand bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl) benzylamine with its cobalt(II) complex: synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding properties, and antioxidant activity. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.658512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilu Wu
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Yuan
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Guolong Pan
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Xingbin Shu
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
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Wu H, Yuan J, Bai Y, Pan G, Wang H, Shu X. Synthesis, structure, DNA-binding properties and antioxidant activity of a nickel(II) complex with bis(N-allylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)benzylamine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 107:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu H, Yuan J, Bai Y, Pan G, Wang H, Kong J, Fan X, Liu H. Synthesis, structure, DNA-binding properties and antioxidant activity of silver(i) complexes containing V-shaped bis-benzimidazole ligands. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:8829-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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25
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Wu HL, Huang X, Liu B, Kou F, Jia F, Yuan J, Bai Y. Copper(II) complex based on a V-shaped ligand, 2,6- bis (2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine: synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding properties, and antioxidant activities. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.640934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lu Wu
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Xingcai Huang
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Fan Kou
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Fei Jia
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Yuan
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- a School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou 730070 , P.R. China
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26
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Wu HL, Yuan JK, Bai Y, Jia F, Liu B, Kou F, Kong J. Synthesis, structure, DNA-binding properties, and antioxidant activity of copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with bis(N-allylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)benzylamine. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-011-9536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oztekin Y, Yazicigil Z, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Square wave voltammetry based on determination of copper (II) ions by polyluteolin- and polykaempferol-modified electrodes. Talanta 2011; 85:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Synthetic and natural iron chelators: therapeutic potential and clinical use. Future Med Chem 2011; 1:1643-70. [PMID: 21425984 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-chelation therapy has its origins in the treatment of iron-overload syndromes. For many years, the standard for this purpose has been deferoxamine. Recently, considerable progress has been made in identifying synthetic chelators with improved pharmacologic properties relative to deferoxamine. Most notable are deferasirox (Exjade(®)) and deferiprone (Ferriprox(®)), which are now available clinically. In addition to treatment of iron overload, there is an emerging role for iron chelators in the treatment of diseases characterized by oxidative stress, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. While iron is not regarded as the underlying cause of these diseases, it does play an important role in disease progression, either through promotion of cellular growth and proliferation or through participation in redox reactions that catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species and increase oxidative stress. Thus, iron chelators may be of therapeutic benefit in many of these conditions. Phytochemicals, many of which bind iron, may also owe some of their beneficial properties to iron chelation. This review will focus on the advances in iron-chelation therapy for the treatment of iron-overload disease and cancer, as well as neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases. Established and novel iron chelators will be discussed, as well as the emerging role of dietary plant polyphenols that effectively modulate iron biochemistry.
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Silva PP, Guerra W, Silveira JN, Ferreira AMDC, Bortolotto T, Fischer FL, Terenzi H, Neves A, Pereira-Maia EC. Two New Ternary Complexes of Copper(II) with Tetracycline or Doxycycline and 1,10-Phenanthroline and Their Potential as Antitumoral: Cytotoxicity and DNA Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6414-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101791r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Maria da C. Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo−SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bortolotto
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis—SC, Brazil
| | - Franciele L. Fischer
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis—SC, Brazil
| | - Hernán Terenzi
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis—SC, Brazil
| | - Ademir Neves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis—SC, Brazil
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Liu ZC, Yang ZY, Li TR, Wang BD, Li Y, Wang MF. DNA-binding, antioxidant activity and solid-state fluorescence studies of copper(II), zinc(II) and nickel(II) complexes with a Schiff base derived from 2-oxo-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-011-9494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Chen W, Li P, Wang X. Chemical stability of yellow pigment extracted from the flower bud of Sophora japonica L. (Huaimi). Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Panhwar QK, Memon S, Bhanger M. Synthesis, characterization, spectroscopic and antioxidation studies of Cu(II)–morin complex. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Viktorinova A, Trebaticka J, Paduchova Z, Ursinyova M, Uhnakova I, Masanova V, Durackova Z. WITHDRAWN: Natural polyphenols modify trace element status and improve clinical symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2009:S0753-3322(09)00107-3. [PMID: 19875267 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Viktorinova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Perez CA, Wei Y, Guo M. Iron-binding and anti-Fenton properties of baicalein and baicalin. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:326-32. [PMID: 19108897 PMCID: PMC2659571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein and baicalin, the major bioactive compounds found in the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, have been shown to be effective against cancer, bacterial infections and oxidative stress diseases. However, little is known about their mechanisms of action. To probe whether iron homeostasis modulation may play a role in their bioactivity, we have investigated their iron binding characteristics under physiologically relevant conditions. A 2:1 baicalein-ferrous complex was readily formed in 20mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, with a binding constant approximately 2-9 x 10(11)M(-2), whereas a 1:1 baicalein-ferric complex was formed, under the same conditions, with an apparent binding constant approximately 1-3 x 10(6)M(-1). Baicalein appears to bind the ferrous ion more strongly than ferrozine, a well known iron(II) chelator. Using (1) H NMR and Zn(2+) and Ga(3+) as probes, the iron-binding site on baicalein was elucidated to be at the O6/O7 oxygen atoms of the A-ring. No binding was observed for baicalin under the same NMR conditions. Furthermore, baicalein strongly inhibits the Fe-promoted Fenton chemistry via a combination of chelation and radical scavenging mechanism while baicalin can provide only partial protection against radical damage. These results indicate that baicalein is a strong iron chelator under physiological conditions and hence may play a vital role in modulating the body's iron homeostasis. Modulation of metal homeostasis and the inhibition of Fenton chemistry may be one of the possible mechanisms for herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA
| | - Yibin Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA
| | - Maolin Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA
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Kell DB. Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:2. [PMID: 19133145 PMCID: PMC2672098 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular 'reactive oxygen species' (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. REVIEW We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation).The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible.This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, since in some circumstances (especially the presence of poorly liganded iron) molecules that are nominally antioxidants can actually act as pro-oxidants. The reduction of redox stress thus requires suitable levels of both antioxidants and effective iron chelators. Some polyphenolic antioxidants may serve both roles.Understanding the exact speciation and liganding of iron in all its states is thus crucial to separating its various pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. Redox stress, innate immunity and pro- (and some anti-)inflammatory cytokines are linked in particular via signalling pathways involving NF-kappaB and p38, with the oxidative roles of iron here seemingly involved upstream of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) reaction. In a number of cases it is possible to identify mechanisms by which ROSs and poorly liganded iron act synergistically and autocatalytically, leading to 'runaway' reactions that are hard to control unless one tackles multiple sites of action simultaneously. Some molecules such as statins and erythropoietin, not traditionally associated with anti-inflammatory activity, do indeed have 'pleiotropic' anti-inflammatory effects that may be of benefit here. CONCLUSION Overall we argue, by synthesising a widely dispersed literature, that the role of poorly liganded iron has been rather underappreciated in the past, and that in combination with peroxide and superoxide its activity underpins the behaviour of a great many physiological processes that degrade over time. Understanding these requires an integrative, systems-level approach that may lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of the solvent effects on Al(III)–hydroxyflavone complexes. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Di Renzo A, Dugall M, Corsi M, Marino Santarelli AR, Grossi MG. 5-Year Control and Treatment of Edema and Increased Capillary Filtration in Venous Hypertension and Diabetic Microangiopathy Using O-(β-Hydroxyethyl)-Rutosides: A Prospective Comparative Clinical Registry. Angiology 2008; 59 Suppl 1:14S-20S. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319707312683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This independent prospective controlled trial evaluates the efficacy of O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (HR) during 5 years of administration against signs and symptoms and further degeneration of microcirculatory disturbances. The protective effect of HR in preventing end-point complications such as venous ulceration is evaluated. This study is based on evaluation of edema and the capillary filtration rate (CFR) in association with a clinical score scale. Patients having a severe degree of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous microangiopathy and completing at least 5 years of treatment are included. The following 4 groups are considered: group A (patients with CVI but without diabetes mellitus, receiving 1500 mg/d of HR), group B (patients with CVI and diabetes mellitus, receiving 2 g/d of HR), group C (control subjects receiving no pharmacologic or compression treatment), and group D (patients using elastic compression stockings only). All patients received the “best” available treatment. No adverse effects or intolerance is noted, with good compliance (>85%). In group A, there is a statistically significant decrease in the CFR during 5 years of follow-up. In group B, the decrease in the CFR is greater than that in group A. Reductions in edema, swelling, and the CFR during 5 years are notable, and values approach normal levels. During 5 years, HR is effective in treating venous edema and hypertension and in preventing deterioration of the distal venous system. The prevention of ulcerations with HR is another important observation. The effects of HR seem to be partially dose related, and tolerability and compliance are good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Belcaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy,
| | - Maria Rosaria Cesarone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Andrea Ledda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Marisa Cacchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Irma Ruffini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Andrea Ricci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Edmondo Ippolito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Marcello Corsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Marino Santarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Grossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
and the San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy
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Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Grossi MG. O-(β-Hydroxyethyl)-Rutosides (Paroven; Venoruton): New Studies, Improved Safety, and Novel Cardiovascular Applications. Angiology 2008; 59 Suppl 1:5S-6S. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319707313094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianni Belcaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University,
San Valentino, Italy,
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