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Roy M, Nath AK, Pal I, Dey SG. Second Sphere Interactions in Amyloidogenic Diseases. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12132-12206. [PMID: 35471949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and consequent organ dysfunction is the central event in amyloidogenic diseases. Such protein aggregation may be brought about by conformational changes, and much attention has been directed toward factors like metal binding, post-translational modifications, mutations of protein etc., which eventually affect the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the associated proteins. Over the past decade, a global effort from different groups working on these misfolded/unfolded proteins/peptides has revealed that the amino acid residues in the second coordination sphere of the active sites of amyloidogenic proteins/peptides cause changes in H-bonding pattern or protein-protein interactions, which dramatically alter the structure and reactivity of these proteins/peptides. These second sphere effects not only determine the binding of transition metals and cofactors, which define the pathology of some of these diseases, but also change the mechanism of redox reactions catalyzed by these proteins/peptides and form the basis of oxidative damage associated with these amyloidogenic diseases. The present review seeks to discuss such second sphere modifications and their ramifications in the etiopathology of some representative amyloidogenic diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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2
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Cukierman DS, Bodnár N, Diniz R, Nagy L, Kállay C, Rey NA. Full Equilibrium Picture in Aqueous Binary and Ternary Systems Involving Copper(II), 1-Methylimidazole-Containing Hydrazonic Ligands, and the 103-112 Human Prion Protein Fragment. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:723-737. [PMID: 34918515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe two novel 1-methylimidazole N-acylhydyrazonic ligands and their interaction with copper(II) in solution. Binary systems constituted by each of these hydrazones and the metal ion were studied by potentiometric titrations. The magnitude of their affinities for zinc(II) was also determined for the sake of comparison. Additionally, a full evaluation of the copper(II) chelation profile of the new ligands in ternary systems containing a human prion protein fragment was performed. Mixed ligand complexes comprising the HuPrP103-112 fragment, copper(II) ions, and an N-acylhydrazone were characterized by potentiometry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Some of these species were also identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and unequivocally assigned through their isotopic distribution pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the stability of ternary complexes involving a hydrazonic metal-protein interaction modulator, copper, and a peptide. The ability of N-acylhydrazones to prevent peptide oxidation was also examined. Both ligands can partially prevent the formation of the doubly oxidized product, a process mediated by copper(II) ions. Oxidative stress is considered an important hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as prion-related spongiform encephalopathies. In this context, active intervention with respect to the deleterious copper-catalyzed methionine oxidation could represent an interesting therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne S Cukierman
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Nikolett Bodnár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Renata Diniz
- Department of Chemistry, ICEx, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kállay
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Nicolás A Rey
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil
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Shiraishi N, Hirano Y. Combination of Copper Ions and Nucleotide Generates Aggregates from Prion Protein Fragments in the N-Terminal Domain. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:782-792. [PMID: 32096738 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200225124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been previously found that PrP23-98, which contains four highly conserved octarepeats (residues 60-91) and one partial repeat (residues 92-96), polymerizes into amyloid-like and proteinase K-resistant spherical aggregates in the presence of NADPH plus copper ions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the requirements for the formation of these aggregates. METHODS In this study, we performed an aggregation experiment using N-acetylated and Camidated PrP fragments of the N-terminal domain, Octa1, Octa2, Octa3, Octa4, PrP84-114, and PrP76-114, in the presence of NADPH with copper ions, and focused on the effect of the number of copper-binding sites on aggregation. RESULTS Among these PrP fragments, Octa4, containing four copper-binding sites, was particularly effective in forming aggregates. We also tested the effect of other pyridine nucleotides and adenine nucleotides on the aggregation of Octa4. ATP was equally effective, but NADH, NADP, ADP, and AMP had no effect. CONCLUSION The phosphate group on the adenine-linked ribose moiety of adenine nucleotides and pyridine nucleotides is presumed to be essential for the observed effect on aggregation. Efficient aggregation requires the presence of the four octarepeats. These insights may be helpful in the eventual development of therapeutic agents against prion-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Shiraishi
- Department of Nutrition, Tokai Gakuen University, 2-901 Nakahira, Nagoya 468-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirano
- Department of Nutrition, Tokai Gakuen University, 2-901 Nakahira, Nagoya 468-8514, Japan
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Lupaescu AV, Humelnicu I, Petre BA, Ciobanu CI, Drochioiu G. Direct evidence for binding of aluminum to NAP anti-amyloid peptide and its analogs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2020; 26:106-116. [PMID: 31550911 DOI: 10.1177/1469066719877714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NAP (NAPVSIPQ) is a small peptide derived from the activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), which provides neuroprotection against amyloid-β peptide toxicity associated with Alzheimer disease. Several metal ions are able to promote the formation of amyloid-β peptide oligomers and protofibrils in human brain tissue. Although the relationship between metal ions and amyloid-β peptide peptides is extensively investigated, that with the NAP peptide is less understood. Nevertheless, our previous research revealed unexpected iron binding to NAP peptide and its analogs. However, a link between aluminum ions, Alzheimer disease and amyloid-β peptide or NAP peptides still remains controversial. Therefore, we have investigated the possible binding of aluminum ions to NAP peptide and its four analogs. Indeed, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry (MS), including MS/MS study, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed an unexpected pattern of aluminum ion binding to both NAP peptide and its analogs. Our results have been discussed with respect to NAP protection against Alzheimer disease-related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ionel Humelnicu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Brindusa Alina Petre
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine - TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Gabi Drochioiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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5
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Nowakowski M, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Zhukov I, Zhukova L, Kozak M, Kwiatek WM. Electronic properties of a PrP C-Cu(ii) complex as a marker of 5-fold Cu(ii) coordination. Metallomics 2019; 11:632-642. [PMID: 30756103 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human prion protein is a subject of extensive study, related in particular to the molecular basis of neurodegenerative disease development and prevention. This protein has two main domains: the membrane C-terminal, structured domain as well as the unstructured N-terminal domain. While PrPC (23-231) has up to eight Cu(ii) binding sites in the N-terminal domain, it includes a characteristic, conservative octarepeat region PHGGGWGQ, which was studied by means of X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. The measurements were conducted at the SuperXAS beamline (SLS, PSI, Villigen). For the initial 1 : 1 protein-to-Cu(ii) ratio, the two main Cu(ii) binding modes were identified using linear combination fitting and ab initio FEFF calculations for X-ray spectra. Their electronic structures indicated that Cu(ii) coordinated by strong π-donors could effectively suppress the pre-edge structure due to the filling of empty Cu(ii) d-states. The suppression was correlated with the charge transfer effect and filling of the virtual electronic Cu(ii) states. What is more, we showed that the 1s → 4p + LMCT (Ligand-to-Metal-Charge-Transfer) multielectron transition relation with the main edge transition could be used as a marker for preliminary comparison of an unknown organic compound to a reference. The presented results permitted a possible explanation of the mechanism of choosing the preferred Cu(ii) modes in PrPC-Cu(ii) coordination processes and of the complex stability from the electronic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nowakowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Krakow, Poland.
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Sánchez-López C, Rivillas-Acevedo L, Cruz-Vásquez O, Quintanar L. Methionine 109 plays a key role in Cu(II) binding to His111 in the 92–115 fragment of the human prion protein. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Pitchumani Violet Mary C, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S, Kolandaivel P. Interaction studies of human prion protein (HuPrP109–111: methionine-lysine-histidine) tripeptide model with transition metal cations. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 69:111-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Hecel A, Migliorini C, Valensin D, Luczkowski M, Kozlowski H. Impact of SDS surfactant on the interactions of Cu(2+) ions with the amyloidogenic region of human prion protein. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:13125-32. [PMID: 26107283 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01488c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases, known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neuronal, and to some extent infectious disorders, associated with a pathogenic protein agent called prion protein (PrP). The human prion protein (hPrP) fragment encompassing the 91-127 region, also known as the amyloidogenic domain, comprises two copper-binding sites corresponding to His-96 and His-111 residues that act as anchors for Cu(2+) binding. In this work, we investigated Cu(2+) interaction with hPrP91-127 in the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which induces a partial α-helix folding of the peptide. Our data indicate that the Cu(2+) coordination ability of the amyloidogenic fragment in the presence of SDS micelles is significantly different to that observed in aqueous solution. This is mainly due to the fact that SDS micelles strongly stabilize the formation of the α-helical structure of the peptide backbone, which is well conserved also upon Cu(2+) binding, contrary to the random coil conformation mainly assumed by hPrP91-127 in aqueous solutions. Potentiometric and spectroscopic studies clearly indicate that in the case of SDS containing solutions, Cu(2+) ions coordinate simultaneously to both imidazoles, while in the case of water solutions, metal ion coordination involves only a single His side chain, which individually acts as an independent Cu(2+) anchoring site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hecel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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9
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Arcos-López T, Qayyum M, Rivillas-Acevedo L, Miotto MC, Grande-Aztatzi R, Fernández CO, Hedman B, Hodgson KO, Vela A, Solomon EI, Quintanar L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Cu(I) Binding to His111 in the Human Prion Protein Fragment 106-115. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2909-22. [PMID: 26930130 PMCID: PMC4804749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) to bind copper in vivo points to a physiological role for PrP(C) in copper transport. Six copper binding sites have been identified in the nonstructured N-terminal region of human PrP(C). Among these sites, the His111 site is unique in that it contains a MKHM motif that would confer interesting Cu(I) and Cu(II) binding properties. We have evaluated Cu(I) coordination to the PrP(106-115) fragment of the human PrP protein, using NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies and electronic structure calculations. We find that Met109 and Met112 play an important role in anchoring this metal ion. Cu(I) coordination to His111 is pH-dependent: at pH >8, 2N1O1S species are formed with one Met ligand; in the range of pH 5-8, both methionine (Met) residues bind to Cu(I), forming a 1N1O2S species, where N is from His111 and O is from a backbone carbonyl or a water molecule; at pH <5, only the two Met residues remain coordinated. Thus, even upon drastic changes in the chemical environment, such as those occurring during endocytosis of PrP(C) (decreased pH and a reducing potential), the two Met residues in the MKHM motif enable PrP(C) to maintain the bound Cu(I) ions, consistent with a copper transport function for this protein. We also find that the physiologically relevant Cu(I)-1N1O2S species activates dioxygen via an inner-sphere mechanism, likely involving the formation of a copper(II) superoxide complex. In this process, the Met residues are partially oxidized to sulfoxide; this ability to scavenge superoxide may play a role in the proposed antioxidant properties of PrP(C). This study provides further insight into the Cu(I) coordination properties of His111 in human PrP(C) and the molecular mechanism of oxygen activation by this site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Munzarin Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94395, United States
| | | | - Marco C. Miotto
- Max Planck
Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics
of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones
para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Claudio O. Fernández
- Max Planck
Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics
of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones
para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Britt Hedman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Keith O. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94395, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alberto Vela
- Departamento
de Química, Cinvestav, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 México
| | - Edward I. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94395, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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10
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Di Natale G, Turi I, Pappalardo G, Sóvágó I, Rizzarelli E. Cross-Talk Between the Octarepeat Domain and the Fifth Binding Site of Prion Protein Driven by the Interaction of Copper(II) with the N-terminus. Chemistry 2015; 21:4071-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Castillo I, Sánchez-Eguía BN, Martínez-Alanis PR, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Flores-Alamo M. Synthesis, spectroscopic, and structural characterization of mixed thioether–benzimidazole copper complexes. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Copper-induced structural propensities of the amyloidogenic region of human prion protein. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Insertion of beta-alanine in model peptides for copper binding to His96 and His111 of the human prion protein. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 126:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Emwas AHM, Al-Talla ZA, Guo X, Al-Ghamdi S, Al-Masri HT. Utilizing NMR and EPR spectroscopy to probe the role of copper in prion diseases. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:255-268. [PMID: 23436479 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient for the normal development of the brain and nervous system, although the hallmark of several neurological diseases is a change in copper concentrations in the brain and central nervous system. Prion protein (PrP) is a copper-binding, cell-surface glycoprotein that exists in two alternatively folded conformations: a normal isoform (PrP(C)) and a disease-associated isoform (PrP(Sc)). Prion diseases are a group of lethal neurodegenerative disorders that develop as a result of conformational conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc). The pathogenic mechanism that triggers this conformational transformation with the subsequent development of prion diseases remains unclear. It has, however, been shown repeatedly that copper plays a significant functional role in the conformational conversion of prion proteins. In this review, we focus on current research that seeks to clarify the conformational changes associated with prion diseases and the role of copper in this mechanism, with emphasis on the latest applications of NMR and EPR spectroscopy to probe the interactions of copper with prion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid M Emwas
- NMR Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Martínez-Alanis PR, Sánchez Eguía BN, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Regla I, Demare P, Aullón G, Castillo I. Copper versus thioether-centered oxidation: mechanistic insights into the non-innocent redox behavior of tripodal benzimidazolylaminothioether ligands. Chemistry 2013; 19:6067-79. [PMID: 23495176 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(+) complexes with ligands that feature varying numbers of benzimidazole/thioether donors and methylene or ethylene linkers between the central nitrogen atom and the thioether sulfur atoms have been spectroscopically and electrochemically characterized. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that the highest Cu(2+)/Cu(+) redox potentials correspond to sulfur-rich coordination environments, with values decreasing as the thioether donors are replaced by nitrogen-donating benzimidazoles. Both Cu(2+) and Cu(+) complexes were studied by DFT. Their electronic properties were determined by analyzing their frontier orbitals, relative energies, and the contributions to the orbitals involved in redox processes, which revealed that the HOMOs of the more sulfur-rich copper complexes, particularly those with methylene linkers (-N-CH2-S-), show significant aromatic thioether character. Thus, the theoretically predicted initial oxidation at the sulfur atom of the methylene-bridged ligands agrees with the experimentally determined oxidation waves in the voltammograms of the NS3- and N2S2-type ligands as being ligand-based, as opposed to the copper-based processes of the ethylene-bridged Cu(+) complexes. The electrochemical and theoretical results are consistent with our previously reported mechanistic proposal for Cu(2+)-promoted oxidative C-S bond cleavage, which in this work resulted in the isolation and complete characterization (including by X-ray crystallography) of the decomposition products of two ligands employed, further supporting the novel reactivity pathway invoked. The combined results raise the possibility that the reactions of copper-thioether complexes in chemical and biochemical systems occur with redox participation of the sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina R Martínez-Alanis
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, México DF, 04510, México
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16
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17
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Remelli M, Valensin D, Toso L, Gralka E, Guerrini R, Marzola E, Kozłowski H. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic investigation on the role of Met residues in Cu(II) binding to the non-octarepeat site of the human prion protein. Metallomics 2012; 4:794-806. [PMID: 22791135 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the common features shared by neurodegenerative diseases there is the central role played by specific proteins or peptides which accumulate in neurons as insoluble plaques or tangles, containing abnormal amounts of redox-active metal ions, like copper and iron. In the case of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), the involved protein is known as "prion protein" (PrP(C)) since "prions" (proteinaceous and infectious) are the agents which make TSE transmissible. It is widely accepted that PrP(C), in its wild-type form, can bind up to six Cu(II) ions, four of them in the so-called "octarepeat domain" and the others in the "fifth (non-octarepeat) binding-site". The latter domain contains two His residues, acting as anchoring sites for Cu(II) ions, and other potential binding residues, such as Lys and Met. While it is widely accepted that Lys residues do not take part in complex-formation, the role of methionines is still debated. In order to shed light on this issue, some peptides have been synthesized, either directly mimicking the sequence of the second half of the fifth binding site of human-PrP(C) (apo-form) or analogues where Met residues have been substituted by n-leucine. In addition, a series of short peptides, containing both His and Met residues in different relative positions, have been investigated, for the sake of comparison. Spectroscopic results, including NMR spectra of systems containing Ni(II) as a probe for the paramagnetic Cu(II) ion, agree on the exclusion of any direct interaction between the sulphur atom of Met residues and the Cu(II) ion already bound to His-imidazole side-chains. However, thermodynamic data show that Met-109 somewhat contributes to stability of complex species and this can be attributed to different electronic and steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Remelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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18
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Structural characterization of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ binding sites of model peptides associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Castillo I, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Rodríguez Solano LA, Sánchez Eguía BN, Zeglio E, Nordlander E. Structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of tri- and tetradentate N3 and N3S copper complexes with mixed benzimidazole/thioether donors. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9394-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Rivillas-Acevedo L, Grande-Aztatzi R, Lomelí I, García JE, Barrios E, Teloxa S, Vela A, Quintanar L. Spectroscopic and Electronic Structure Studies of Copper(II) Binding to His111 in the Human Prion Protein Fragment 106−115: Evaluating the Role of Protons and Methionine Residues. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1956-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Rivillas-Acevedo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rafael Grande-Aztatzi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
| | - Italia Lomelí
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
| | - Javier E. García
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
| | - Erika Barrios
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
| | - Sarai Teloxa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alberto Vela
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), 07360, D.F., Mexico
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21
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Martínez-Alanis PR, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Castillo I. Electrochemical and Structural Characterization of Tri- and Dithioether Copper Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Yamamoto N, Kuwata K. Redox behaviors of the neurotoxic portion in human prion protein, HuPrP(106–126). Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Singh N, Singh A, Das D, Mohan ML. Redox control of prion and disease pathogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:1271-94. [PMID: 19803746 PMCID: PMC2864664 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance of brain metal homeostasis and associated oxidative stress by redox-active metals like iron and copper is an important trigger of neurotoxicity in several neurodegenerative conditions, including prion disorders. Whereas some reports attribute this to end-stage disease, others provide evidence for specific mechanisms leading to brain metal dyshomeostasis during disease progression. In prion disorders, imbalance of brain-iron homeostasis is observed before end-stage disease and worsens with disease progression, implicating iron-induced oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis. This is an unexpected observation, because the underlying cause of brain pathology in all prion disorders is PrP-scrapie (PrP(Sc)), a beta-sheet-rich conformation of a normal glycoprotein, the prion protein (PrP(C)). Whether brain-iron dyshomeostasis occurs because of gain of toxic function by PrP(Sc) or loss of normal function of PrP(C) remains unclear. In this review, we summarize available evidence suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in prion-disease pathogenesis. Subsequently, we review the biology of PrP(C) to highlight its possible role in maintaining brain metal homeostasis during health and the contribution of PrP(Sc) in inducing brain metal imbalance with disease progression. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic avenues directed at restoring brain metal homeostasis and alleviating metal-induced oxidative stress in prion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Singh
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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24
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Kozlowski H, Luczkowski M, Remelli M. Prion proteins and copper ions. Biological and chemical controversies. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6371-85. [PMID: 20422067 DOI: 10.1039/c001267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Prion protein (PrP(c)) involvement in some neurodegenerative diseases is well assessed although its "normal" biological role is not completely understood. It is known that PrP(C) can bind Cu(II) ions with high specificity but the order of magnitude of the corresponding affinity constant(s) is still highly debated. This perspective is an attempt to collect the current knowledge on these topics and to build up a bridge between the biological and the chemical points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Kozlowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
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25
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Jackson MS, Lee JC. Identification of the minimal copper(II)-binding alpha-synuclein sequence. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:9303-7. [PMID: 19780617 DOI: 10.1021/ic901157w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease has been long linked to environmental factors, such as transition metals and recently to alpha-synuclein, a presynaptic protein. Using tryptophan-containing peptides, we identified the minimal Cu(II)-binding sequence to be within the first four residues, MDV(F/W), anchored by the alpha-amino terminus. In addition, mutant peptide 1-10 (Lys --> Arg) verified that neither Lys6 nor Lys10 are necessary for Cu(II) binding. Interestingly, Trp4 excited-state decay kinetics measured for peptides and proteins reveal two quenching modes, possibly arising from two distinct Cu(II)-polypeptide structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Jackson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8013, USA
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26
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Can copper binding to the prion protein generate a misfolded form of the protein? Biometals 2009; 22:159-75. [PMID: 19140013 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-008-9196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The native prion protein (PrP) has a two domain structure, with a globular folded alpha-helical C-terminal domain and a flexible extended N-terminal region. The latter can selectively bind Cu(2+) via four His residues in the octarepeat (OR) region, as well as two sites (His96 and His111) outside this region. In the disease state, the folded C-terminal domain of PrP undergoes a conformational change, forming amorphous aggregates high in beta-sheet content. Cu(2+) bound to the ORs can be redox active and has been shown to induce cleavage within the OR region, a process requiring conserved Trp residues. Using computational modeling, we have observed that electron transfer from Trp residues to copper can be favorable. These models also reveal that an indole-based radical cation or Cu(+) can initiate reactions leading to protein backbone cleavage. We have also demonstrated, by molecular dynamics simulations, that Cu(2+) binding to the His96 and His111 residues in the remaining PrP N-terminal fragment can induce localized beta-sheet structure, allowing us to suggest a potential mechanism for the initiation of beta-sheet misfolding in the C-terminal domain by Cu(2+).
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27
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Remelli M, Valensin D, Bacco D, Gralka E, Guerrini R, Migliorini C, Kozlowski H. The complex-formation behaviour of His residues in the fifth Cu2+ binding site of human prion protein: a close look. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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