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Sheikh HK, Ortiz CJC, Arshad T, Padrón JM, Khan H. Advancements in steroidal Pt(II) & Pt(IV) derivatives for targeted chemotherapy (2000-2023). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116438. [PMID: 38685141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
One of the key strategies in chemotherapy involves crosslinking the DNA strands of cancer cells to impede their replication, with platinum (Pt) coordination compounds being a prominent class and cisplatin being its major representative. Steroidal ligands tethered to DNA interactive Pt core act as drug carriers for targeted therapy. While crosslinking of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA strands using coordination complexes has been studied for years, there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews addressing the advancements made in steroidal-Pt derivatives. This review specifically focuses on advancements made in steroid-tethered structural derivatives of Pt(II) or prodrug Pt(IV) for targeted chemotherapy, synthesized between 2000 and 2023. This period was deliberately chosen due to the widespread use of computational techniques for more accurate structure-based drug-design in last two decades. This review discusses the strategy behind tethering steroidal ligands such as testosterone, estrogen, bile acids, and cholesterol to the central DNA interactive Pt core through specific linker groups. The steroidal ligands function as drug delivery vehicles of DNA interactive Pt core and bind with their respective target receptors or proteins that are often overexpressed in cancer cells, thus enabling targeted delivery of Pt moiety to interact with DNA. We discussed structural features such as the location of the linker group on the steroid, the mono, bi, and tridentate configuration of the chelating arm in coordination with Pt, and the rigidity and flexibility of the linker group. The comparative in vitro, in vivo activities, and relative binding affinities of the designed compounds against standard Pt drugs are also discussed. We also provided a critique of observed trends and shortcomings. Our review will provide insights into future molecular designing of targeted DNA crosslinkers and their structural optimization to achieve desired drug properties. From this analysis, we proposed further research directions leading to the future of targeted chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdullah Khadim Sheikh
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - José M Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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2
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Liang Z, Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu W, Lu Y. Research Progress on Bioactive Metal Complexes against ER-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2235-2256. [PMID: 36780448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and represents a serious disease that is harmful to life and health. In 1977, with the approval of tamoxifen, endocrine therapy has become the main clinical treatment for ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although patients initially respond well to endocrine therapies, drug resistance often emerges and side effects can be challenging. To overcome drug resistance, the exploration for new drugs is a priority. Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities, and platinum complexes are widely used in the clinic against various cancers, including breast cancer. In this Perspective, the first section describes the classification and mechanism of endocrine therapy drugs for ER+ breast cancer, and the second section summarizes research since 2000 into metal complexes with activity toward ER+ breast cancer. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for metal complexes in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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3
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Sharma R, Singh VJ, Chawla PA. Advancements in the Use of Platinum Complexes as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:821-835. [PMID: 34353272 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210805150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platinum (II) complexes as anticancer agents have been well explored for the development of novel analogs. Yet, none of them achieved clinical importance in oncology. At present, anticancer compounds containing platinum (II) complexes have been employed in the treatment of colorectal, lung, and genitourinary tumors. Among the platinum-based anticancer drugs, Cisplatin (cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (II), cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]) is one of the most potent components of cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, and platinum compounds associated resistant cancer are some major disadvantages. OBJECTIVE With the rapidly growing interest in platinum (II) complexes in tumor chemotherapy, researchers have synthesized many new platinum analogs as anticancer agents that show better cytotoxicity, and less off-target effects with less cellular resistance. This follows the introduction of oxaliplatin, water-soluble carboplatin, multinuclear platinum and newly synthesized complexes, etc. Method: This review emphasizes recent advancements in drug design and development, the mechanism of platinum (II) complexes, their stereochemistry, current updates, and biomedical applications of platinum-based anticancer agents. CONCLUSION In the last few decades, the popularity of platinum complexes as potent anti-cancer agents has risen as scientists have synthesized many new platinum complexes that exhibit better cytotoxicity coupled with less off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana. India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab. India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
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4
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Zuccolo M, Arrighetti N, Perego P, Colombo D. Recent Progresses in Conjugation with Bioactive Ligands to Improve the Anticancer Activity of Platinum Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2566-2601. [PMID: 34365939 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210806110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) drugs, including cisplatin, are widely used for the treatment of solid tumors. Despite the clinical success, side effects and occurrence of resistance represent major limitations to the use of clinically available Pt drugs. To overcome these problems, a variety of derivatives have been designed and synthetized. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes with bioactive ligands. The development of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes with targeting molecules, clinically available agents, and other bioactive molecules is an active field of research. Even if none of the reported Pt derivatives has been yet approved for clinical use, many of these compounds exhibit promising anticancer activities with an improved pharmacological profile. Thus, planning hybrid compounds can be considered as a promising approach to improve the available Pt-based anticancer agents and to obtain new molecular tools to deepen the knowledge of cancer progression and drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuccolo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan. Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan. Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan. Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan. Italy
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5
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Sankarganesh M, Adwin Jose PR, Dhaveethu Raja J, Vijay Solomon R, Dorothy Sheela C, Gurusamy S. Bioactive platinum complex of ligand bearing pyrimidine skeleton: DNA/BSA binding, molecular docking, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6683-6696. [PMID: 33634734 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1889667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new octahedral platinum complex [PtLCl4] of Schiff base ligand containing pyrimidine and morpholine skeleton (where, L is 4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)methylene)-2-morpholinoethanamine) was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FTIR, UV-visible and ESI-MS techniques. DNA interaction of isolated compounds with calf thymus (CT-DNA) was explored by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, cyclic voltametric and viscometric methods. The result shows that prepared compounds can interact with CT-DNA through electrostatic interactions. Bovine serum album (BSA) binding behavior of isolated compounds was also studied by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence techniques. Both the spectroscopic results suggest that the isolated ligand and its complex bind with BSA through static quenching. The optimized structure of ligand and platinum complex were achieved by the DFT calculations. Moreover, molecular docking of ligand and its complex were studied. These analysis results reveal that ligand has low binding affinity on DNA and BSA molecules in contrast to its complex. In vitro anticancer activity of isolated compounds toward normal cell line (NHDF) as well as cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa and A549) was studied by MTT assay. The results supports that isolated platinum complex can control the growth of cancer cells (MCF-7, 20.12 ± 1.00 µg/mL; HepG2, 32.2 ± 1.69 µg/mL; HeLa, 24.68 ± 1.29 µg/mL; A549, 23.46 ± 1.17 µg/mL) without inhibiting the normal cell line (NHDF, 109.26 ± 5.46 µg/mL). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of isolated compounds indicate that ligand and Pt complex are found to have good radical scavenging against four different free radicals and antimicrobial abilities on E. coli and C. albicans antimicrobial species. HighlightsPlatinum complex of Schiff base with pyrimidine and morpholine linkage was synthesized.Pt complex has better biomolecular interaction with DNA and BSA.Molecular docking of Pt complex with DNA and BSA has been studiedPt complex has good anticancer activities.Pt complex has better antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Department of Chemistry, The American College, Tallakkulam, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Bioinspired Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Paul Raj Adwin Jose
- Chemistry Research Centre, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram (D.T.), Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Jakob CHG, Dominelli B, Hahn EM, Berghausen TO, Pinheiro T, Marques F, Reich RM, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Antiproliferative Activity of Functionalized Histidine-derived Au(I) bis-NHC Complexes for Bioconjugation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2754-2762. [PMID: 32592289 PMCID: PMC7689731 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of histidine derived Au(I) bis-NHC complexes bearing different ester, amide and carboxylic acid functionalities as well as wingtip substituents is synthesized and characterized. The stability in aqueous media, in vitro cytotoxicity in a set of cancer cell lines (MCF7, PC3 and A2780/A2780cisR) along with the cellular uptake are evaluated. Stability tests suggest hydrolysis of the ester within 8 h, which might lead to deactivation. Furthermore, the bis-NHC system shows a sufficient stability against cysteine and the thiol containing peptide GSH. The benzyl ester and amide show the highest activity comparable to the benchmark compound cisplatin, with the ester only displaying a slightly lower cytotoxicity than the amide. A cellular uptake study revealed that the benzyl ester and the amide could have different intracellular distribution profiles but both complexes induce perturbations of the cellular physiological processes. The simple modifiability and high stability of the complexes provides a promising system for upcoming post modifications to enable targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. G. Jakob
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Bruno Dominelli
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Eva M. Hahn
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Tobias O. Berghausen
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Teresa Pinheiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco Pais 11049-001LisboaPortugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias NuclearesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias NuclearesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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7
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Synthesis and spectroscopic interpretations on the complexity of Y(III), Nb(V) and Mo(V) metal ions with atorvastatin cardiovascular drug. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Radisavljević S, Petrović B. Gold(III) Complexes: An Overview on Their Kinetics, Interactions With DNA/BSA, Cytotoxic Activity, and Computational Calculations. Front Chem 2020; 8:379. [PMID: 32509724 PMCID: PMC7251155 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, metallodrugs play a key role in the development of medicinal chemistry. The choice of metal ion, its oxidation state and stability, and the choice of inert and labile ligands are just some of the very important facts which must be considered before starting the synthesis of complexes with utilization in medicinal purpose. As a result, a lot of compounds of different transition metal ions found application for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Beside all, gold compounds have attracted particular attention. It is well-known that gold compounds could be used for the treatment of cancer, HIV, rheumatoid arthritis (chrysotherapy), and other diseases. This metal ion has unoccupied d-sublevels and possibility to form compounds with different oxidation states, from -1 to +5. However, gold(I) and gold(III) complexes are dominant in chemistry and medicine. Especially, gold(III) complexes are of great interest due to their structural similarity with cisplatin. Accordingly, this review summarizes the chemistry of some mononuclear and polynuclear gold(III) complexes. Special attention is given to gold(III) complexes with nitrogen-donor inert ligands (aliphatic or aromatic that have a possibility to stabilize complex) and their kinetic behavior toward different biologically relevant nucleophiles, mechanism of interaction with DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA), cytotoxic activity, as well as computational calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Radisavljević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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9
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Sankarganesh M, Vijay Solomon R, Dhaveethu Raja J. Platinum complex with pyrimidine- and morpholine-based ligand: synthesis, spectroscopic, DFT, TDDFT, catalytic reduction, in vitro anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, DNA binding and molecular modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1055-1067. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1727364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Department of Chemistry, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Gold(III) complex from pyrimidine and morpholine analogue Schiff base ligand: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, TDDFT, catalytic, anticancer, molecular modeling with DNA and BSA and DNA binding studies. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Bao Z, Lai D, Shen P, Yu M, Kumar R, Liu Y, Chen Z, Liang H. A New Samarium(III) Complex of Liriodenine: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Antitumor Activity, and DNA Binding Study. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Bao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Delin Lai
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Pengchang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Mengxin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Yancheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; No. 15 Yucai Road 541004 Guilin Guangxi P. R. China
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12
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Deo KM, Ang DL, McGhie B, Rajamanickam A, Dhiman A, Khoury A, Holland J, Bjelosevic A, Pages B, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Platinum coordination compounds with potent anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Sankarganesh M, Dhaveethu Raja J, Adwin Jose PR, Vinoth Kumar GG, Rajesh J, Rajasekaran R. Spectroscopic, Computational, Antimicrobial, DNA Interaction, In Vitro Anticancer and Molecular Docking Properties of Biochemically Active Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Pyrimidine-Ligand. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:975-985. [PMID: 29961205 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Biochemically active Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes [CuL(ClO4)2(1) and ZnL(ClO4)2(2)] have been synthesized from N,N donor Schiff base ligand L derived from4,6-dichloropyrimdine-5-carboxaldehyde with 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine. The L, complexes 1 and 2 have been structurally characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FTIR, MS, UV-Visible and ESR techniques. The results obtained from the spectral studies supports the complexes 1 and 2 are coordinated with L through square planar geometry. DFT calculations results supports, the ligand to metal charge transfer mechanism can occur between L and metal(II) ions. The antimicrobial efficacy results have been recommended that, complexes 1 and 2 are good anti-pathogenic agents than ligand L. The interaction of complexes 1 and 2 with calf thymus (CT) DNA has been studied by electronic absorption, viscometric, fluorometric and cyclic voltammetric measurements. The calculated Kb values for L, complexes 1 and 2 found from absorption titrations was 4.45 × 104, L; 1.92 × 105, 1 and 1.65 × 105, 2. The Ksv values were found to be 3.0 × 103, 3.68 × 103and 3.52 × 103 for L, complexes 1 and 2 by using competitive binding with ethidium bromide (EB). These results suggest that, the compounds are interacted with DNA may be electrostatic binding. The molecular docking studies have been carried out to confirm the interaction of compounds with DNA. Consequently, in vitro anticancer activities of L, complexes 1 and 2 against selected cancer (lung cancer A549, liver cancer HepG2 and cervical carcinoma HeLa) and normal (NHDF) cell lines were assessed by MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sankarganesh
- Chemistry Research Centre, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, 623 806, India
| | - Jeyaraj Dhaveethu Raja
- Chemistry Research Centre, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, 623 806, India.
| | - Paul Raj Adwin Jose
- Chemistry Research Centre, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, 623 806, India.,Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 6410146, India
| | | | - Jegathalaprathaban Rajesh
- Chemistry Research Centre, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, 623 806, India
| | - Ramalingam Rajasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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14
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Basu U, Banik B, Wen R, Pathak RK, Dhar S. The Platin-X series: activation, targeting, and delivery. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:12992-3004. [PMID: 27493131 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer platinum (Pt) complexes have long been considered to be one of the biggest success stories in the history of medicinal inorganic chemistry. Yet there remains the hunt for the "magic bullet" which can satisfy the requirements of an effective chemotherapeutic drug formulation. Pt(iv) complexes are kinetically more inert than the Pt(ii) congeners and offer the opportunity to append additional functional groups/ligands for prodrug activation, tumor targeting, or drug delivery. The ultimate aim of functionalization is to enhance the tumor selective action and attenuate systemic toxicity of the drugs. Moreover, an increase in cellular accumulation to surmount the resistance of the tumor against the drugs is also of paramount importance in drug development and discovery. In this review, we will address the attempts made in our lab to develop Pt(iv) prodrugs that can be activated and delivered using targeted nanotechnology-based delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Basu
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bhabatosh Banik
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ru Wen
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rakesh K Pathak
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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15
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Fang L, Feng M, Chen F, Liu X, Shen H, Zhao J, Gou S. Oleanolic acid-NO donor-platinum(II) trihybrid molecules: Targeting cytotoxicity on hepatoma cells with combined action mode and good safety. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4611-4619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Mohanraj M, Ayyannan G, Raja G, Jayabalakrishnan C. Ruthenium(II) complexes containing 4-methoxybenzhydrazone ligands: synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, DNA cleavage, radical scavenging andin vitrocytotoxic activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maruthachalam Mohanraj
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ganesan Ayyannan
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gunasekaran Raja
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnasamy Jayabalakrishnan
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
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Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3436-86. [PMID: 26865551 PMCID: PMC4792284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1674] [Impact Index Per Article: 209.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, prevail in the treatment of cancer, but new platinum agents have been very slow to enter the clinic. Recently, however, there has been a surge of activity, based on a great deal of mechanistic information, aimed at developing nonclassical platinum complexes that operate via mechanisms of action distinct from those of the approved drugs. The use of nanodelivery devices has also grown, and many different strategies have been explored to incorporate platinum warheads into nanomedicine constructs. In this Review, we discuss these efforts to create the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The introduction provides the reader with a brief overview of the use, development, and mechanism of action of the approved platinum drugs to provide the context in which more recent research has flourished. We then describe approaches that explore nonclassical platinum(II) complexes with trans geometry or with a monofunctional coordination mode, polynuclear platinum(II) compounds, platinum(IV) prodrugs, dual-threat agents, and photoactivatable platinum(IV) complexes. Nanoparticles designed to deliver platinum(IV) complexes will also be discussed, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. Additional nanoformulations, including supramolecular self-assembled structures, proteins, peptides, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers, will then be described. Finally, the significant clinical progress made by nanoparticle formulations of platinum(II) agents will be reviewed. We anticipate that such a synthesis of disparate research efforts will not only help to generate new drug development ideas and strategies, but also will reflect our optimism that the next generation of approved platinum cancer drugs is about to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Zhang F, Song X, Li L, Wang J, Lin L, Li C, Li H, Lv Y, Jin Y, Liu Y, Hu Y, Xin T. Polygala tenuifolia polysaccharide (PTP) inhibits cell proliferation by repressing Bmi-1 expression and downregulating telomerase activity. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2907-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Li R, Lu J, Li D, Cheng S, Dou J. Syntheses, structures, in vitro cytotoxicities and DNA-binding properties of four copper complexes based on a phenyl 2-pyridyl ketoxime ligand. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Pradeepa SM, Bhojya Naik HS, Vinay Kumar B, Indira Priyadarsini K, Barik A, Ravikumar Naik TR, Prabhakara MC. Metal based photosensitizers of tetradentate Schiff base: promising role in anti-tumor activity through singlet oxygen generation mechanism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:12-21. [PMID: 23831972 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, a Schiff base N'(1),N'(3)-bis[(Z)-(2-hydroxynapthyl)methylidene]benzene-1,3-dicarbodihydrazide (L1) and its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized as novel photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) has been explored using absorption, thermal denaturation and viscometric studies. The experimental results revealed that Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes on binding to CT DNA imply a covalent mode, most possibly involving guanine N7 nitrogen of DNA, with an intrinsic binding constant Kb of 4.5×10(4)M(-1) and 4.2×10(4)M(-1), respectively. However, interestingly, the Cu(II) complex is involved in the surface binding to minor groove via phosphate backbone of DNA double helix with an intrinsic binding constant Kb of 5.7×10(4)M(-1). The Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes are active in cleaving supercoiled (SC) pUC19 DNA on photoexposure to UV-visible light of 365nm, through (1)O2 generation with quantum yields of 0.28, 0.25 and 0.30, respectively. Further, these complexes are cytotoxic in A549 lung cancer cells, showing an enhancement of cytotoxicity upon light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pradeepa
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, Shimoga, India
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Ding S, Qiao X, Kucera GL, Bierbach U. Design of a platinum-acridine-endoxifen conjugate targeted at hormone-dependent breast cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2415-7. [PMID: 23416453 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38957j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel pharmacophore comprising a DNA-targeted platinum-acridine hybrid agent and estrogen receptor-targeted 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen (endoxifen) using carbamate coupling chemistry and its evaluation in breast cancer cell lines are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Bideau
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg 67000, France
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Zamora A, Rodríguez V, Cutillas N, Yellol GS, Espinosa A, Samper KG, Capdevila M, Palacios O, Ruiz J. New steroidal 7-azaindole platinum(II) antitumor complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:48-56. [PMID: 23932925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new steroidal 7-azaindole-based N-donor ligands 17-α-[7-azaindole-5-ethynyl]-17-β-testosterone (ET-Haza) (1) and 17-α-[7-azaindole-5-ethynyl]-19-nortestosterone (LEV-Haza) (2), and two new DNA damaging warheads with an enhanced lipophilicity [Pt(dmba)Cl(L)] (dmba=N,N-dimethylbenzylamine-κN,κC; L=ET-Haza (3) and LEV-Haza (4)) have been prepared and characterized. Values of IC50 were calculated for complexes 3 and 4 against a panel of human tumor cell lines representative of ovarian (A2780 and A2780cis) and breast cancers (T47D). At 48 h of incubation time 3 and 4 showed very low resistance factors (RF of 1) against an A2780 cell line which has acquired resistance to cisplatin, IC50 values of the new complexes towards normal human LLC-PK1 renal cells at 48 h being about double than that of cisplatin. 3 and 4 are able to react with 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) yielding the corresponding monoadduct [Pt(dmba)(L)(9-EtG)](+) derivatives as followed by ESI-MS. Compound 3 interacts mainly with double-stranded (DS) oligonucleotides as shown by analysis with ESI-TOF-MS, being also able to displace ethidium bromide (EB) from DNA, as observed by an electrophoretic mobility study. 3 and 4 are good cathepsin B inhibitors. Theoretical calculations at the COSMO(CHCl3)/B3LYP-D/def2-TZVPPecp//B3LYP-D/def2-TZVPecp level and energy evaluations at the COSMO(CHCl3)/PWPB95-D3/def2-TZVPPecp level of theory on compound 4 and model systems have been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Spain, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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Pradeepa SM, Bhojya Naik HS, Vinay Kumar B, Indira Priyadarsini K, Barik A, Ravikumar Naik TR. Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) complexes of a tetradentate Schiff base as photosensitizers: Quantum yield of 1O2 generation and its promising role in anti-tumor activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 101:132-139. [PMID: 23099171 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, a Schiff base N'1,N'3-bis[(E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide and its metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding studies were performed using absorption spectroscopy, emission spectra, viscosity measurements and thermal denatuaration studies. The experimental evidence indicated that, the Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes interact with calf thymus DNA through intercalation with an intrinsic binding constant Kb of 2.6×10(4) M(-1), 5.7×10(4) M(-1) and 4.5×10(4) M(-1), respectively and they exhibited potent photodamage abilities on pUC19 DNA, through singlet oxygen generation with quantum yields of 0.32, 0.27 and 0.30 respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes resulted that they act as a potent photosensitizers for photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pradeepa
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, Shimoga, India
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Reddy PR, Shilpa A, Raju N, Raghavaiah P. Synthesis, structure, DNA binding and cleavage properties of ternary amino acid Schiff base-phen/bipy Cu(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1603-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kuang Y, Balakrishnan K, Gandhi V, Peng X. Hydrogen peroxide inducible DNA cross-linking agents: targeted anticancer prodrugs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19278-81. [PMID: 22035519 DOI: 10.1021/ja2073824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The major concern for anticancer chemotherapeutic agents is the host toxicity. The development of anticancer prodrugs targeting the unique biochemical alterations in cancer cells is an attractive approach to achieve therapeutic activity and selectivity. We designed and synthesized a new type of nitrogen mustard prodrug that can be activated by high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in cancer cells to release the active chemotherapy agent. The activation mechanism was determined by NMR analysis. The activity and selectivity of these prodrugs toward ROS was determined by measuring DNA interstrand cross-links and/or DNA alkylations. These compounds showed 60-90% inhibition toward various cancer cells, while normal lymphocytes were not affected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of H(2)O(2)-activated anticancer prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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Min KH, Yun BG, Lee Y, Song J, Ham WH, Lee Y, Park HJ. A transcription factor hijacking to regulate RARα by using a chimeric molecule of retinoic acid and a DNA alkylator. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4248-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li G, Bell T, Merino EJ. Oxidatively Activated DNA-Modifying Agents for Selective Cytotoxicity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:869-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Moore TW, Gunther JR, Katzenellenbogen JA. Probing the topological tolerance of multimeric protein interactions: evaluation of an estrogen/synthetic ligand for FK506 binding protein conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1880-9. [PMID: 20919698 DOI: 10.1021/bc100266v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bivalent small molecules composed of a targeting element and an element that recruits endogenous proteins have been shown to block protein-protein interactions in some systems. We have attempted to apply such an approach to disrupt the interaction of the estrogen receptor α with either its associated coactivators or its dimerization partner (i.e., another estrogen receptor). We show here that a conjugate capable of simultaneously binding both the estrogen receptor and a recruited protein (FK506 Binding Protein 12 kDa) is, however, incapable of disrupting the multimeric estrogen receptor dimer/coactivator complex both in vitro and in cell-based reporter gene assays. We postulate why it may not be possible to disrupt this particular protein-protein complex-as well as other systems having high topological tolerance-with such bivalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Chen ZF, Mao L, Liu LM, Liu YC, Peng Y, Hong X, Wang HH, Liu HG, Liang H. Potential new inorganic antitumour agents from combining the anticancer traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) matrine with Ga(III), Au(III), Sn(IV) ions, and DNA binding studies. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 105:171-80. [PMID: 21194615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Three new compounds of Ga(III), Au(III), Sn(IV) with matrine (MT), [H-MT][GaCl(4)] (1), [H-MT][AuCl(4)] (2) and [Sn(H-MT)Cl(5)] (3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The crystal structural analyses indicate that 1 and 2 are ionic compounds, whereas 3 is a tin(IV) complex formed by the monodentate MT via its carbonyl oxygen atom of MT coordinating to Sn(IV). Their in vitro cytotoxicity towards eight selected tumour cell lines has been evaluated by MTT (3-[4,5-Dimentylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenpyltetra-zolium bromide) method, and compounds 1 and 2 exhibit enhanced activity, such as 1 to SW480, 2 to HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7, which exceeds matrine and cisplatin, and display synergistic contribution of their components. The cell cycle analyses show that compounds 1, 3 and MT exhibit cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase. Interactions of these compounds with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) have been investigated by spectroscopic analyses. The planar extension of the intercalative metal-matrine compounds increases the interaction of the metal-matrine with DNA, indicating that the cationic metal ions and configuration of the intercalated metal-matrine will affect the extent of interaction. Compound 2, [H-MT][AuCl(4)], exhibits more intensive binding ability to DNA, which may correlate with intercalation and other action mode. The circular dichroism spectra of the ct-DNA bound with metal-MT compounds also suggest that ct-DNA interacted with 1, 2, 3 does not influence its secondary structure. Furthermore, both compounds 1 and 2 exhibit effective inhibition ability to topoisomerase (TOPO I) at concentration of 50 μM, while matrine and compound 3 do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Ooi KL, Muhammad TST, Sulaiman SF. Growth arrest and induction of apoptotic and non-apoptotic programmed cell death by, Physalis minima L. chloroform extract in human ovarian carcinoma Caov-3 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:92-99. [PMID: 20045455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The decoction of the whole plant of Physalis minima L. is traditionally consumed to treat cancer. Its anticancer property has been previously verified (using in vitro cytotoxicity assays) against NCI-H23 lung, CORL23 lung and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines but the mechanism underlying the anticancer potency towards ovarian carcinoma cells remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed to systematically determine the cytotoxicity and possible cell death mechanism elicited by the chloroform extract of Physalis minima in human ovarian Caov-3 carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of the extract was measured using the methylene blue assay. The mechanism of cell death was determined using four independent methods, namely DeadEnd assay to label the DNA fragmentation nuclei cells, RT-PCR analysis to determine the mRNA expression level of three apoptotic genes (c-myc, p53 and caspase-3 genes), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis to describe the ultra structural characteristics and annexin V and propidium iodide staining to confirm the types and stages of cell deaths. RESULTS Cytotoxicity screening of the extract on Caov-3 cells exhibited concentration- and time-dependent inhibitory effects. A combination of apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death was detected. The apoptotic characteristic was initially determined by DNA fragmentation followed by the expression of c-myc and p53 genes that was much earlier than caspase-3. Apoptotic ultra structural changes (including clumping and magination of chromatin, blebbing and convolution of nucleus membrane and formation of apoptotic bodies) and autophagy (Type II non-apoptotic programmed cell death) with distinct vacuolated morphology were detected in TEM analysis. The existence of these programmed cell deaths was then corroborated using annexin V and propidium iodide staining. CONCLUSIONS The chloroform extract of Physalis minima exerted anticancer effect due to a combination of apoptotic and autophagic cell death mechanisms on Caov-3 cells. The induction of these programmed cell deaths was mediated via c-myc, p53 and caspase-3 dependent pathway. The results could provide a valuable insight in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Leong Ooi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
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Georgiades SN, Vilar R. Interaction of metal complexes with nucleic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b918406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Peng KW, Wang H, Qin Z, Wijewickrama GT, Lu M, Wang Z, Bolton JL, Thatcher GRJ. Selective estrogen receptor modulator delivery of quinone warheads to DNA triggering apoptosis in breast cancer cells. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:1039-49. [PMID: 19839584 DOI: 10.1021/cb9001848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen exposure is a risk factor for breast cancer, and estrogen oxidative metabolites have been implicated in chemical carcinogenesis. Oxidation of the catechol metabolite of estrone (4-OHE) and the beta-naphthohydroquinone metabolite of equilenin (4-OHEN) gives o-quinones that produce ROS and damage DNA by adduction and oxidation. To differentiate hormonal and chemical carcinogensis pathways in estrogen receptor positive ER(+) cells, catechol or beta-naphthohydroquinone warheads were conjugated to the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) desmethylarzoxifene (DMA). ER binding was retained in the DMA conjugates; both were antiestrogens with submicromolar potency in mammary and endometrial cells. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and caspase-3/7 activation were compared in ER(+) and ER(-)MDA-MB-231 cells, and production of ROS was detected using a fluorescent reporter. Comparison was made to DMA, isolated warheads, and a DMA-mustard. Conjugation of warheads to DMA increased cytotoxicity accompanied by induction of apoptosis and activation of caspase-3/7. Activation of caspase-3/7, induction of apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were all increased significantly in ER(+) cells for the DMA conjugates. ROS production was localized in the nucleus for conjugates in ER(+) cells. Observations are compatible with beta-naphthohydroquinone and catechol groups being concentrated in the nucleus by ER binding, where oxidation and ROS production result, concomitant with caspase-dependent apoptosis. The results suggest that DNA damage induced by catechol estrogen metabolites can be amplified in ER(+) cells independent of hormonal activity. The novel conjugation of quinone warheads to an ER-targeting SERM gives ER-dependent, enhanced apoptosis in mammary cancer cells of potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-wei Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Zhihui Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Gihani T. Wijewickrama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Meiling Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Zhican Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
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Liu YC, Chen ZF, Liu LM, Peng Y, Hong X, Yang B, Liu HG, Liang H, Orvig C. Divalent later transition metal complexes of the traditional chinese medicine (TCM) liriodenine: coordination chemistry, cytotoxicity and DNA binding studies. Dalton Trans 2009:10813-23. [DOI: 10.1039/b912553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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