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Li L, Chen C, Bu Y, Wang J, Shao J, Li A, Lin H, Gao J. Fluorinated 1,7-DO2A-Based Iron(II) Complexes as Sensitive 19F MRI Molecular Probes for Visualizing Renal Dysfunction in Living Mice. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10827-10834. [PMID: 38885015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Kidney diseases have become an important global health concern due to their high incidence, inefficient diagnosis, and poor prognosis. Devising direct methods, especially imaging means, to assess renal function is the key for better understanding the mechanisms of various kidney diseases and subsequent development of effective treatment. Herein, we developed a fluorinated ferrous chelate-based sensitive probe, 1,7-DO2A-Fe(II)-F18 (Probe 1), for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This highly fluorinated probe (containing 18 chemically equivalent 19F atoms with a fluorine content at 35 wt %) achieves a 15-time enhancement in signal intensity compared with the fluorine-containing ligand alone due to the appropriately regulated 19F relaxation times by the ferrous ion, which significantly increases imaging sensitivity and reduces acquisition time. Owing to its high aqueous solubility, biostability, and biocompatibility, this probe could be rapidly cleared by kidneys, which provides a means for monitoring renal dysfunction via 19F MRI. With this probe, we accomplish in vivo imaging of the impaired renal dysfunction caused by various kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and renal fibrosis at different stages. Our study illustrates the promising potential of Probe 1 for in vivo real-time visualization of kidney dysfunction, which is beneficial for the study, diagnosis, and even stratification of different kidney diseases. Furthermore, the design strategy of our probe is inspiring for the development of more high-performance 19F MRI probes for monitoring various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Li
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chuankai Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yifan Bu
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Juan Shao
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ao Li
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Kras EA, Cineus R, Crawley MR, Morrow JR. Macrocyclic complexes of Fe(III) with mixed hydroxypropyl and phenolate or amide pendants as T 1 MRI probes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4154-4164. [PMID: 38318938 PMCID: PMC10897765 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
High-spin Fe(III) complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN) with mixed oxygen donor pendants including hydroxypropyl, phenolate or amide groups are prepared for study as T1 MRI probes. Complexes with two hydroxypropyl pendants and either amide (Fe(TOAB)) or phenolate (Fe(PTOB)) groups are compared to an analog with three hydroxypropyl groups (Fe(NOHP)), in order to study the effect of the third pendant on the coordination sphere as probed by solution chemistry, relaxivity and structural studies. Solution studies show that Fe(PTOB) has two ionizations with the phenol pendant deprotonating with a pKa of 1.7 and a hydroxypropyl pendent with pKa of 6.3. The X-ray crystal structure of [Fe(PTOB)]Br2 features a six-coordinate complex with two bound hydroxypropyl groups, and a phenolate in a distorted octahedral geometry. The Fe(TOAB) complex has a single deprotonation, assigned to a hydroxypropyl group with a pKa value of 7.0. Both complexes are stabilized as high-spin Fe(III) in solution as shown by their effective magnetic moments and Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox potentials of -390 mV and -780 mV versus NHE at pH 7 and 25 °C for Fe(TOAB) and Fe(PTOB) respectively. Both Fe(PTOB) and Fe(TOAB) are kinetically inert to dissociation under a variety of challenges including phosphate/carbonate buffer, one equivalent of ZnCl2, two equivalents of transferrin or 100 mM HCl, or at basic pH values over 24 h at 37 °C. The r1 relaxivity of Fe(TOAB) at 1.4 T, pH 7.4 and 33 °C is relatively low at 0.6 mM-1 s-1 whereas the r1 relaxivity of Fe(PTOB) is more substantial and shows an increase of 2.5 fold to 2.5 mM-1 s-1 at acidic pH. The increase in relaxivity at acidic pH is attributed to protonation of the phenolate group to provide an additional pathway for proton relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kras
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Roy Cineus
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
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3
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Pradhan RN, Irrera P, Romdhane F, Panda SK, Longo DL, Torres J, Kremer C, Assaiya A, Kumar J, Singh AK. Di-Pyridine-Containing Macrocyclic Triamide Fe(II) and Ni(II) Complexes as ParaCEST Agents. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16650-16663. [PMID: 36205705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fe(II) and Ni(II) paraCEST contrast agents containing the di-pyridine macrocyclic ligand 2,2',2″-(3,7,10-triaza-1,5(2,6)-dipyridinacycloundecaphane-3,7,10-triyl)triacetamide (DETA) are reported here. Both [Fe(DETA)]2+ and [Ni(DETA)]2+ complexes were structurally characterized. Crystallographic data revealed the seven-coordinated distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry of the [Fe(DETA)]·(BF4)2·MeCN complex with five coordinated nitrogen atoms from the macrocyclic ring and two coordinated oxygen atoms from two amide pendant arms. The [Ni(DETA)]·Cl2·2H2O complex was six-coordinated in nature with a distorted octahedral geometry. Four coordinated nitrogen atoms were from the macrocyclic ring, and two coordinated oxygen atoms were from two amide pendant arms. [Fe(DETA)]2+ exhibited well-resolved sharp proton resonances, whereas very broad proton resonances were observed in the case of [Ni(DETA)]2+ due to the long electronic relaxation times. The CEST peaks for the [Fe(DETA)]2+ complex showed one highly downfield-shifted and intense peak at 84 ppm with another shifted but less intense peak at 28 ppm with good CEST contrast efficiency at body temperature, whereas [Ni(DETA)]2+ showed only one highly shifted intense peak at 78 ppm from the bulk water protons. Potentiometric titrations were performed to determine the protonation constants of the ligand and the thermodynamic stability constant of the [M(DETA)]2+ (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) species at 25.0 °C and I = 0.15 mol·L-1 NaClO4. Metal exchange studies confirmed the stability of the complexes in acidic medium in the presence of physiologically relevant anions and an equimolar concentration of Zn(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra N Pradhan
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar752050, India
| | - Pietro Irrera
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta81100, Italy
| | - Feriel Romdhane
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Torino10126, Italy
| | - Suvam Kumar Panda
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar752050, India
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Torino10126, Italy
| | - Julia Torres
- Área Química Inorgánica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo11800, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Kremer
- Área Química Inorgánica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo11800, Uruguay
| | - Anshul Assaiya
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune411 007, India
| | - Janesh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune411 007, India
| | - Akhilesh K Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar752050, India
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Morrow JR, Raymond JJ, Chowdhury MSI, Sahoo PR. Redox-Responsive MRI Probes Based on First-Row Transition-Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14487-14499. [PMID: 36067522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multiple oxidation and spin states of first-row transition-metal complexes facilitates the development of switchable MRI probes. Redox-responsive probes capitalize on a change in the magnetic properties of the different oxidation states of the paramagnetic metal ion center upon exposure to biological oxidants and reductants. Transition-metal complexes that are useful for MRI can be categorized according to whether they accelerate water proton relaxation (T1 or T2 agents), induce paramagnetic shifts of 1H or 19F resonances (paraSHIFT agents), or are chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents. The various oxidation state couples and their properties as MRI probes are summarized with a focus on Co(II)/Co(III) or Fe(II)/Fe(III) complexes as small molecules or as liposomal agents. Solution studies of these MRI probes are reviewed with an emphasis on redox changes upon treatment with oxidants or with enzymes that are physiologically important in inflammation and disease. Finally, we outline the challenges of developing these probes further for in vivo MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jaclyn J Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Md Saiful I Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Priya Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
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5
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Kras EA, Snyder EM, Sokolow GE, Morrow JR. Distinct Coordination Chemistry of Fe(III)-Based MRI Probes. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1435-1444. [PMID: 35482819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusContrast agents are used in approximately 40% of all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures to improve the quality of the images based on the distribution and dynamic clearance of the agent. To date, all clinically approved contrast agents are Gd(III) coordination complexes that serve to shorten the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) proton relaxation times of water. Recent interest in replacing Gd with biologically relevant metal ions such as Mn or Fe has led to increased interest in the aqueous coordination chemistry of their complexes. In this Account, we focus on high-spin Fe(III) complexes that have been recently reported as MRI contrast agents or probes in our laboratory.The highly Lewis acidic Fe(III) center has distinct coordination chemistry in aqueous solutions, facilitating alternative strategies in the design of MRI probes. To illustrate this, we describe different classes of Fe(III) MRI probes with a focus on macrocyclic complexes and multinuclear complexes such as self-assembled metal organic polyhedra (MOP). Our initial efforts focused on macrocyclic complexes of Fe(III) in order to tune spin and oxidation states with the goal of stabilizing high-spin Fe(III) in reducing biological environments. Our probes feature six-coordinate Fe(III) complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane with hydroxypropyl, phosphonate, or carboxylate pendant groups to produce Fe(III) complexes that shorten proton T1 times predominantly from second-sphere or outer-sphere interactions at neutral pH. Analogues with pentadentate macrocyclic ligands have an inner-sphere water that does not exchange rapidly on the NMR time scale, yet these complexes are effective relaxation agents. Fe(III) macrocyclic complexes in this class can be modified to modulate their biodistribution and pharmacokinetic clearance in mice. The goal of these studies is for the Fe(III) agents to clear as extracellular fluid agents and produce profiles similar to those of Gd agents. Finally, studies of multimeric Fe(III) complexes are of interest to produce probes that give large proton relaxivity. In this approach the two Fe(III) centers are connected through aryl linkers as demonstrated for several macrocyclic complexes. Even more tightly connected Fe(III) centers are produced in a Fe(III) self-assembled cage with relaxivity of 21 mM-1 s-1 at 4.7 T, 37 °C in the presence of serum albumin to which it is tightly bound. This cage enhances contrast of the vasculature as a blood pool agent and accumulates in tumors. Finally, we present our perspectives on the further development of Fe(III) complexes for various applications in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Kras
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric M. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Gregory E. Sokolow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
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6
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Pérez-Lourido P, Madarasi E, Antal F, Esteban-Gómez D, Wang G, Angelovski G, Platas-Iglesias C, Tircsó G, Valencia L. Stable and inert macrocyclic cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes with paraCEST response. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1580-1593. [PMID: 34991150 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the macrocyclic ligands 3,9-PC2AMH (2,2'-(3,6,9-triaza-1(2,6)-pyridinacyclodecaphane-3,9-diyl)diacetamide) and 3,9-PC2AMtBu (2,2'-(3,6,9-triaza-1(2,6)-pyridinacyclodecaphane-3,9-diyl)bis(N-tert-butyl)acetamide) which contain a pyclen platform functionalized with acetamide or tert-butylacetamide pendant arms at positions 3 and 9 of the macrocyclic unit. The corresponding Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were prepared, isolated and characterised as potential paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) agents. The X-ray structures of the Ni(II) complexes reveal six-coordination of the ligands to the metal ion. The Co(II) complex with 3,9-PC2AMtBu shows a similar six-coordinate structure in the solid state, while the Co(II) complex with 3,9-PC2AMH contains a seven-coordinate metal ion, seventh coordination being completed by the presence of an inner-sphere water molecule. The structure of the Co(II) complexes was investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. The complexes present a seven-coordinate structure in solution, as demonstrated by the analysis of the paramagnetic shifts using density functional theory. Ligand protonation constants and stability constants of the complexes with 3,9-PC2AMH were determined using potentiometric titrations (I = 0,15 M NaCl). The Co(II) complex was found to be more stable than the Ni(II) analogue (log KCoL = 14.46(5) and log KNiL = 13.15(3)). However, the Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes display similar rate constants characterizing the proton-assisted dissociation mechanism. The presence of highly shifted 1H NMR signals due to the amide protons in slow exchange with bulk water results in sizeable CEST signals, which are observed at +67 and +15 ppm for the Co(II) complex with 3,9-PC2AMH and +42 and +7 ppm for the Ni(II) analogue at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pérez-Lourido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Enikő Madarasi
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4010, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Fanni Antal
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4010, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Gaoji Wang
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroimaging, International Center for Primate Brain Research (ICPBR), Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 20031 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4010, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain.
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7
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Kras EA, Abozeid SM, Eduardo W, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Comparison of phosphonate, hydroxypropyl and carboxylate pendants in Fe(III) macrocyclic complexes as MRI contrast agents. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111594. [PMID: 34517167 PMCID: PMC9124524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fe(III) macrocyclic complexes containing a macrocycle and three pendant groups including phosphonate (NOTP =1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl-tris(methylenephosphonic acid), carboxylate (NOTA = 1,4,7 - triazacyclononane - N,N',N″ - triacetate) or hydroxypropyl (NOHP =(2S,2'S,2"S)-1,1',1″-(1,4,7-triazonane-1,4,7-triyl)tris(propan-2-ol)) were studied in order to compare the effect of these donor groups on solution chemistry and water proton relaxivity. All three complexes, Fe(NOTP), Fe(NOHP) and Fe(NOTA), display a large degree of kinetic inertness to dissociation in the presence of phosphate and carbonate, under acidic conditions of 100 mM HCl or 1 M HCl or to trans-metalation with Zn(II). The r1 proton relaxivity of the complexes at 1.4 T, 33 °C is compared over the pH range of 1 to 10. At pH 7.4, 33 °C, 1.4 T, Fe(NOHP) has the largest relaxivity (1.5 mM-1 s-1), Fe(NOTP) is second at 1.0 mM-1 s-1, whereas Fe(NOTA) is the lowest at 0.61 mM-1 s-1. Fe(NOTP), Fe(NOHP) and Fe(NOTA) all show an increase in relaxivity at very acidic pH values (< 3) that is consistent with an acid-catalyzed process. Variable temperature 17O NMR studies at near neutral pH are consistent with the absence of an inner-sphere water molecule for Fe(NOTP) and Fe(NOHP), supporting second-sphere or outer-sphere water contributions to proton relaxation. Fe(NOTP) shows contrast enhancement in T1 weighted MRI studies in mice and clears through a renal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kras
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Samira M Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Waldine Eduardo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States of America
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America.
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Patel A, Abozeid SM, Cullen PJ, Morrow JR. Co(II) Macrocyclic Complexes Appended with Fluorophores as paraCEST and cellCEST Agents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16531-16544. [PMID: 33138368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four high-spin macrocyclic Co(II) complexes with hydroxypropyl or amide pendants and appended coumarin or carbostyril fluorophores were prepared as CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) MRI probes. The complexes were studied in solution as paramagnetic CEST (paraCEST) agents and after loading into Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells as cell-based CEST (cellCEST) agents. The fluorophores attached to the complexes through an amide linkage imparted an unusual pH dependence to the paraCEST properties of all four complexes through of ionization of a group that was attributed to the amide NH linker. The furthest shifted CEST peak for the hydroxypropyl-based complexes changed by ∼90 ppm upon increasing the pH from 5 to 7.5. At acidic pH, the Co(II) complexes exhibited three to four CEST peaks with the most highly shifted CEST peak at 200 ppm. The complexes demonstrated substantial paramagnetic water proton shifts which is a requirement for the development of cellCEST agents. The large shift in the proton resonance was attributed to an inner-sphere water at neutral pH, as shown by variable temperature 17O NMR spectroscopy studies. Labeling of yeast with one of these paraCEST agents was optimized with fluorescence microscopy and validated by using ICP mass spectrometry quantitation of cobalt. A weak asymmetry in the Z-spectra was observed in the yeast labeled with a Co(II) complex, toward a cellCEST effect, although the Co(II) complexes were toxic to the cells at the concentrations necessary for observation of cellCEST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Samira M Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
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9
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Salaam J, Pilet G, Hasserodt J. Multiple Sulfonation of Picolyl-Based Complexes Rendering Them Highly Water-Compatible. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13812-13816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Salaam
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, CNRS, Ecolé Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69177, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR 5615, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69177, France
| | - Jens Hasserodt
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, CNRS, Ecolé Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69177, France
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10
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Modulating the Properties of Fe(III) Macrocyclic MRI Contrast Agents by Appending Sulfonate or Hydroxyl Groups. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102291. [PMID: 32414058 PMCID: PMC7288058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes of Fe(III) that contain a triazacyclononane (TACN) macrocycle, two pendant hydroxyl groups, and a third ancillary pendant show promise as MRI contrast agents. The ancillary group plays an important role in tuning the solution relaxivity of the Fe(III) complex and leads to large changes in MRI contrast enhancement in mice. Two new Fe(III) complexes, one with a third coordinating hydroxypropyl pendant, Fe(L2), and one with an anionic non-coordinating sulfonate group, Fe(L1)(OH2), are compared. Both complexes have a deprotonated hydroxyl group at neutral pH and electrode potentials representative of a stabilized trivalent iron center. The r1 relaxivity of the Fe(L1)(OH2) complex is double that of the saturated complex, Fe(L2), at 4.7 T, 37 °C in buffered solutions. However, variable-temperature 17O-NMR experiments show that the inner-sphere water of Fe(L1)(OH2) does not exchange rapidly with bulk water under these conditions. The pendant sulfonate group in Fe(L1)(OH2) confers high solubility to the complex in comparison to Fe(L2) or previously studied analogues with benzyl groups. Dynamic MRI studies of the two complexes showed major differences in their pharmacokinetics clearance rates compared to an analogue containing a benzyl ancillary group. Rapid blood clearance and poor binding to serum albumin identify Fe(L1)(OH2) for development as an extracellular fluid contrast agent.
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11
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Snyder EM, Asik D, Abozeid SM, Burgio A, Bateman G, Turowski SG, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. A Class of Fe III Macrocyclic Complexes with Alcohol Donor Groups as Effective T 1 MRI Contrast Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2414-2419. [PMID: 31725934 PMCID: PMC7502272 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early studies suggested that FeIII complexes cannot compete with GdIII complexes as T1 MRI contrast agents. Now it is shown that one member of a class of high-spin macrocyclic FeIII complexes produces more intense contrast in mice kidneys and liver at 30 minutes post-injection than does a commercially used GdIII agent and also produces similar T1 relaxivity in serum phantoms at 4.7 T and 37 °C. Comparison of four different FeIII macrocyclic complexes elucidates the factors that contribute to relaxivity in vivo including solution speciation. Variable-temperature 17 O NMR studies suggest that none of the complexes has a single, integral inner-sphere water that exchanges rapidly on the NMR timescale. MRI studies in mice show large in vivo differences of three of the FeIII complexes that correspond, in part, to their r1 relaxivity in phantoms. Changes in overall charge of the complex modulate contrast enhancement, especially of the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst New York 14260, United States
| | - Didar Asik
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst New York 14260, United States
| | - Samira M Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst New York 14260, United States
| | - Ariel Burgio
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst New York 14260, United States
| | - Gage Bateman
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst New York 14260, United States
| | - Steven G. Turowski
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo New York 14263, United States
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo New York 14263, United States
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst New York 14260, United States
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12
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Snyder EM, Asik D, Abozeid SM, Burgio A, Bateman G, Turowski SG, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. A Class of Fe
III
Macrocyclic Complexes with Alcohol Donor Groups as Effective
T
1
MRI Contrast Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Amherst New York 14260 USA
| | - Didar Asik
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Amherst New York 14260 USA
| | - Samira M. Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Amherst New York 14260 USA
| | - Ariel Burgio
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Amherst New York 14260 USA
| | - Gage Bateman
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Amherst New York 14260 USA
| | - Steven G. Turowski
- Department of Cell Stress Biology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York 14263 USA
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo New York 14263 USA
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Amherst New York 14260 USA
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13
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Patel A, Asik D, Spernyak JA, Cullen PJ, Morrow JR. MRI and fluorescence studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae loaded with a bimodal Fe(III) T 1 contrast agent. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110832. [PMID: 31522137 PMCID: PMC6859208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Labeling of cells with paramagnetic metal complexes produces changes in MRI properties that have applications in cell tracking and identification. Here we show that fungi, specifically the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can be loaded with Fe(III) T1 contrast agents. Two Fe(III) macrocyclic complexes based on 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, with two pendant alcohol groups are prepared and studied as T1 relaxation MRI probes. To better visualize uptake and localization in the yeast cells, Fe(III) complexes have a fluorescent tag, consisting of either carbostyril or fluoromethyl coumarin. The Fe(III) complexes are robust towards dissociation and produce moderate T1 effects, despite lacking inner-sphere water ligands. Fluorescence microscopy and MRI T1 relaxation studies provide evidence of uptake of an Fe(III) complex into Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Didar Asik
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States of America
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, United States of America.
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14
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Pinto SM, Tomé V, Calvete MJ, Castro MMC, Tóth É, Geraldes CF. Metal-based redox-responsive MRI contrast agents. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Bond CJ, Sokolow GE, Crawley MR, Burns PJ, Cox JM, Mayilmurugan R, Morrow JR. Exploring Inner-Sphere Water Interactions of Fe(II) and Co(II) Complexes of 12-Membered Macrocycles To Develop CEST MRI Probes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8710-8719. [PMID: 31247845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several paramagnetic Co(II) and Fe(II) macrocyclic complexes were prepared with the goal of introducing a bound water ligand to produce paramagnetically shifted water 1H resonances and for paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) applications. Three 12-membered macrocycles with amide pendent groups including 1,7-bis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodocane (DCMC), 4,7,10-tris(carbamoylmethyl)-,4,7,10-triaza-12-crown-ether (N3OA), and 4,10-bis(carbamoylmethyl)-4,10-diaza-12-crown-ether (NODA) were prepared and their Co(II) complexes were characterized in the solid state and in solution. The crystal structure of [Co(DCMC)]Br2 featured a six-coordinated Co(II) center with distorted octahedral geometry, while [Co(NODA)(OH2)]Cl2 and [Co(N3OA)](NO3)2 were seven-coordinated. The analogous Fe(II) complexes of NODA and NO3A were successfully prepared, but the complex of DCMC oxidized rapidly to the Fe(III) form. Similarly, [Fe(NODA)]2+ oxidized over several days, forming crystals of the Fe(III) complex isolated as the μ-O bridged dimer. Magnetic susceptibility values and paramagnetic NMR spectra of the Fe(II) complexes of NODA and N3OA, as well as Co(II) complexes of DCMC, NODA, and N3OA, were consistent with high spin complexes. CEST peaks ranging from 60 ppm to 70 ppm, attributed to NH groups of the amide pendents, were identified. Variable-temperature 17O NMR spectra of Co(II) and Fe(II) NODA complexes were consistent with rapid exchange of the water ligand with bulk water. Notably, the Co(II) and Fe(II) complexes presented here produced substantial paramagnetic shifts of bulk water 1H resonances, independent of having an inner-sphere water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bond
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Gregory E Sokolow
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Patrick J Burns
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Jordan M Cox
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Ramasamy Mayilmurugan
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Amherst , New York 14260 , United States
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16
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Scepaniak JJ, Kang EB, John M, Kaminsky W, Dechert S, Meyer F. Non‐Macrocyclic Schiff Base Complexes of Iron(II) as ParaCEST Agents for MRI. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J. Scepaniak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry Drexel University 32 S. 32nd St. Disque Hall 506 19104 Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Eun Byoung Kang
- Department of Chemistry Drexel University 32 S. 32nd St. Disque Hall 506 19104 Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Box 351700 98195‐1700 Seattle WA USA
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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17
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Caneda-Martínez L, Valencia L, Fernández-Pérez I, Regueiro-Figueroa M, Angelovski G, Brandariz I, Esteban-Gómez D, Platas-Iglesias C. Toward inert paramagnetic Ni(ii)-based chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI agents. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:15095-15106. [PMID: 29067395 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02758c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Ni2+ complexes with hexadentate ligands containing two 6-methylpicolinamide groups linked by ethane-1,2-diamine (dedpam) or cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (chxdedpam) spacers were investigated as potential contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The properties of the complexes were compared to that of the analogues containing 6-methylpicolinate units (dedpa2- and chxdedpa2-). The X-ray structure of the [Ni(dedpam)]2+ complex reveals a six-coordinated metal ion with a distorted octahedral environment. The protonation constants of the dedpa2- and dedpam ligands and the stability constants of their Ni2+ complexes were determined using pH-potentiometry and spectrophotometric titrations (25 °C, 0.15 M NaCl). The [Ni(dedpa)] complex (log KNiL = 20.88(1)) was found to be considerably more stable than the corresponding amide derivative [Ni(dedpam)]2+ (log KNiL = 14.29(2)). However, the amide derivative [Ni(chxdedpam)]2+ was found to be considerably more inert with respect to proton-assisted dissociation than the carboxylate derivative [Ni(chxdedpa)]. A detailed 1H NMR and DFT study was conducted to assign the 1H NMR spectra of the [Ni(chxdedpa)] and [Ni(chxdedpam)]2+ complexes. The observed 1H NMR paramagnetic shifts were found to be dominated by the Fermi contact contribution. The amide resonances of [Ni(chxdedpam)]2+ at 91.5 and 22.2 ppm were found to provide a sizeable chemical exchange saturation transfer effect, paving the way for the development of NiCEST agents based on these rigid non-macrocyclic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caneda-Martínez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
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18
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Tsitovich PB, Gendron F, Nazarenko AY, Livesay BN, Lopez AP, Shores MP, Autschbach J, Morrow JR. Low-Spin Fe(III) Macrocyclic Complexes of Imidazole-Appended 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane as Paramagnetic Probes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8364-8374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B. Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Frédéric Gendron
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexander Y. Nazarenko
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York, College at Buffalo, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York 14222, United States
| | - Brooke N. Livesay
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Alejandra P. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Matthew P. Shores
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
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19
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Thorarinsdottir AE, Du K, Collins JHP, Harris TD. Ratiometric pH Imaging with a CoII2 MRI Probe via CEST Effects of Opposing pH Dependences. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15836-15847. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kang Du
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James H. P. Collins
- Advanced
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - T. David Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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20
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Tsitovich PB, Kosswattaarachchi AM, Crawley MR, Tittiris TY, Cook TR, Morrow JR. An Fe
III
Azamacrocyclic Complex as a pH‐Tunable Catholyte and Anolyte for Redox‐Flow Battery Applications. Chemistry 2017; 23:15327-15331. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B. Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo, the State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | | | - Matthew R. Crawley
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo, the State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Timothy Y. Tittiris
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo, the State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo, the State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo, the State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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21
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Srivastava K, Ferrauto G, Young VG, Aime S, Pierre VC. Eight-Coordinate, Stable Fe(II) Complex as a Dual 19F and CEST Contrast Agent for Ratiometric pH Imaging. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12206-12213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies & Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Victor G. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies & Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Valérie C. Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Burns PJ, Cox JM, Morrow JR. Imidazole-Appended Macrocyclic Complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) as ParaCEST Agents. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4546-4555. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jordan M. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
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23
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Thorarinsdottir AE, Gaudette AI, Harris TD. Spin-crossover and high-spin iron(ii) complexes as chemical shift 19F magnetic resonance thermometers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2448-2456. [PMID: 28694955 PMCID: PMC5477811 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential utility of paramagnetic transition metal complexes as chemical shift 19F magnetic resonance (MR) thermometers is demonstrated. Further, spin-crossover FeII complexes are shown to provide much higher temperature sensitivity than do the high-spin analogues, owing to the variation of spin state with temperature in the former complexes. This approach is illustrated through a series of FeII complexes supported by symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligand scaffolds bearing 3-fluoro-2-picolyl derivatives as pendent groups (L x ). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, in conjunction with UV-vis and NMR data, show thermally-induced spin-crossover for [Fe(L1)]2+ in H2O, with T1/2 = 52(1) °C. Conversely, [Fe(L2)]2+ remains high-spin in the temperature range 4-61 °C. Variable-temperature 19F NMR spectra reveal the chemical shifts of the complexes to exhibit a linear temperature dependence, with the two peaks of the spin-crossover complex providing temperature sensitivities of +0.52(1) and +0.45(1) ppm per °C in H2O. These values represent more than two-fold higher sensitivity than that afforded by the high-spin analogue, and ca. 40-fold higher sensitivity than diamagnetic perfluorocarbon-based thermometers. Finally, these complexes exhibit excellent stability in a physiological environment, as evidenced by 19F NMR spectra collected in fetal bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes E Thorarinsdottir
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Alexandra I Gaudette
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - T David Harris
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
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24
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Tsitovich PB, Cox JM, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Gear Up for a pH Shift: A Responsive Iron(II) 2-Amino-6-picolyl-Appended Macrocyclic paraCEST Agent That Protonates at a Pendent Group. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12001-12010. [PMID: 27934305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two high-spin Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (CYCLEN) appended with four 2-amino-6-picolyl groups, denoted as [Fe(TAPC)]2+ and [Co(TAPC)]2+, are reported. These complexes demonstrate C2-symmetrical geometry from coordination of two pendents, and they are present in a single diastereomeric form in aqueous solution as shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by a single-crystal X-ray structure for the Co(II) complex. A highly shifted but low-intensity CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) signal from NH groups is observed at -118 ppm for [Co(TAPC)]2+ at pH 6.0 and 37 °C. A higher intensity CEST peak is observed for [Fe(TAPC)]2+, which demonstrates a pH-dependent frequency shift from -72 to -79 ppm at pH 7.7 to 4.8, respectively, at 37 °C. This shift in the CEST peak correlates with the protonation of the unbound 2-amino-6-picolyl pendents, as suggested by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy studies at different pH values. Phantom imaging demonstrates the challenges and feasibility of using the [Fe(TAPC)]2+ agent on a low-field MRI scanner. The [Fe(TAPC)]2+ complex is the first transition-metal-based paraCEST agent that produces a pH-induced CEST frequency change toward the development of probes for concentration-independent imaging of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jordan M Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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25
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Nagata MK, Brauchle PS, Wang S, Briggs SK, Hong YS, Laorenza DW, Lee AG, Westmoreland TD. Correlation of Solid State and Solution Coordination Numbers with Infrared Spectroscopy in Five-, Six-, and Eight-Coordinate Transition Metal Complexes of DOTAM. Polyhedron 2016; 114:299-305. [PMID: 27453621 PMCID: PMC4955635 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new DOTAM (1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamido)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography: [Co(DOTAM)]Cl2•3H2O, [Ni(DOTAM)]Cl2•4H2O, and [Cu(DOTAM)](ClO4)2•H2O. Solid state and solution IR spectroscopic features for a series of [M(DOTAM)]2+ complexes (M=Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Ca, Zn) correlate with solid state and solution coordination numbers. [Co(DOTAM)]2+, [Ni(DOTAM)]2+, and [Zn(DOTAM)]2+ are demonstrated to be six-coordinate in both the solid state and in solution, while [Mn(DOTAM)]2+ and [Ca(DOTAM)]2+ are eight-coordinate in the solid state and remain so in solution. [Cu(DOTAM)]2+, which is five-coordinate by X-ray crystallography, is shown to increase its coordination number in solution to six-coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea G. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Hall-Atwater
Laboratories, Middletown, CT 06459
| | - T. David Westmoreland
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Hall-Atwater
Laboratories, Middletown, CT 06459
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26
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Tsitovich PB, Cox JM, Benedict JB, Morrow JR. Six-coordinate Iron(II) and Cobalt(II) paraSHIFT Agents for Measuring Temperature by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:700-16. [PMID: 26716610 PMCID: PMC5555598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes are utilized as the first transition metal examples of (1)H NMR shift agents (paraSHIFT) for thermometry applications using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). The coordinating ligands consist of TACN (1,4,7-triazacyclononane) and CYCLEN (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) azamacrocycles appended with 6-methyl-2-picolyl groups, denoted as MPT and TMPC, respectively. (1)H NMR spectra of the MPT- and TMPC-based Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes demonstrate narrow and highly shifted resonances that are dispersed as broadly as 440 ppm. The six-coordinate complex cations, [M(MPT)](2+) and [M(TMPC)](2+), vary from distorted octahedral to distorted trigonal prismatic geometries, respectively, and also demonstrate that 6-methyl-2-picolyl pendents control the rigidity of these complexes. Analyses of the (1)H NMR chemical shifts, integrated intensities, line widths, the distances obtained from X-ray diffraction measurements, and longitudinal relaxation time (T1) values allow for the partial assignment of proton resonances of the [M(MPT)](2+) complexes. Nine and six equivalent methyl protons of [M(MPT)](2+) and [M(TMPC)](2+), respectively, produce 3-fold higher (1)H NMR intensities compared to other paramagnetically shifted proton resonances. Among all four complexes, the methyl proton resonances of [Fe(TMPC)](2+) and [Co(TMPC)](2+) at -49.3 ppm and -113.7 ppm (37 °C) demonstrate the greatest temperature dependent coefficients (CT) of 0.23 ppm/°C and 0.52 ppm/°C, respectively. The methyl groups of these two complexes both produce normalized values of |CT|/fwhm = 0.30 °C(-1), where fwhm is full width at half-maximum (Hz) of proton resonances. The T1 values of the highly shifted methyl protons are in the range of 0.37-2.4 ms, allowing rapid acquisition of spectroscopic data. These complexes are kinetically inert over a wide range of pH values (5.6-8.6), as well as in the presence of serum albumin and biologically relevant cations and anions. The combination of large hyperfine shifts, large temperature sensitivity, increased signal-to-noise ratio, and short T1 values suggests that these complexes, in particular the TMPC-based complexes, show promise as paraSHIFT agents for thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B. Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Jordan M. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Jason B. Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
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Krchová T, Gálisová A, Jirák D, Hermann P, Kotek J. Ln(iii)-complexes of a DOTA analogue with an ethylenediamine pendant arm as pH-responsive PARACEST contrast agents. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3486-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New contrast agents useful for pH determination (in the biologically relevant pH range) by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using magnetization transfer ratio approach are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Krchová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universita Karlova (Charles University)
- 128 43 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - A. Gálisová
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Magnetic Resonance Unit
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Prague 4
- Czech Republic
| | - D. Jirák
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Magnetic Resonance Unit
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- Prague 4
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universita Karlova (Charles University)
- 128 43 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universita Karlova (Charles University)
- 128 43 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
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28
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Olatunde AO, Bond CJ, Dorazio SJ, Cox JM, Benedict JB, Daddario MD, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Six, Seven or Eight Coordinate Fe(II) , Co(II) or Ni(II) Complexes of Amide-Appended Tetraazamacrocycles for ParaCEST Thermometry. Chemistry 2015; 21:18290-300. [PMID: 26494320 PMCID: PMC4679426 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fe(II) , Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of two tetraazamacrocycles (1,4,8,11-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L1) and 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L2) show promise as paraCEST agents for registration of temperature (paraCEST=paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer). The Fe(II) , Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of L1 show up to four CEST peaks shifted ≤112 ppm, whereas analogous complexes of L2 show only a single CEST peak at ≤69 ppm. Comparison of the temperature coefficients (CT ) of the CEST peaks of [Co(L2)](2+) , [Fe(L2)](2+) , [Ni(L1)](2+) and [Co(L1)](2+) showed that a CEST peak of [Co(L1)](2+) gave the largest CT (-0.66 ppm (o) C(-1) at 4.7 T). NMR spectral and CEST properties of these complexes correspond to coordination complex symmetry as shown by structural data. The [Ni(L1)](2+) and [Co(L1)](2+) complexes have a six-coordinate metal ion bound to the 1-, 4-amide oxygen atoms and four nitrogen atoms of the tetraazamacrocycle. The [Fe(L2)](2+) complex has an unusual eight-coordinate Fe(II) bound to four amide oxygen atoms and four macrocyclic nitrogen atoms. For [Co(L2)](2+) , one structure has seven-coordinate Co(II) with three bound amide pendents and a second structure has a six-coordinate Co(II) with two bound amide pendents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola O Olatunde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-3000 (USA)
| | - Christopher J Bond
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-3000 (USA)
| | - Sarina J Dorazio
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-3000 (USA)
| | - Jordan M Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-3000 (USA)
| | - Jason B Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-3000 (USA)
| | - Michael D Daddario
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 (USA)
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 (USA)
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-3000 (USA).
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30
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Gondrand C, Touti F, Godart E, Berezhanskyy Y, Jeanneau E, Maurin P, Hasserodt J. Spring‐Loaded Iron(II) Complexes as Magnetogenic Probes Reporting on a Chemical Analyte in Water. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Gondrand
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR CNRS UCBL 5182, Université de Lyon–ENS de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France, http://www.ens‐lyon.fr/CHIMIE/
| | - Fayçal Touti
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR CNRS UCBL 5182, Université de Lyon–ENS de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France, http://www.ens‐lyon.fr/CHIMIE/
| | - Estelle Godart
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR CNRS UCBL 5182, Université de Lyon–ENS de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France, http://www.ens‐lyon.fr/CHIMIE/
| | - Yevgen Berezhanskyy
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR CNRS UCBL 5182, Université de Lyon–ENS de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France, http://www.ens‐lyon.fr/CHIMIE/
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université de Lyon–UCBL, Site CLEA, Bâtiment ISA, 3ème étage 5, rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Maurin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR CNRS UCBL 5182, Université de Lyon–ENS de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France, http://www.ens‐lyon.fr/CHIMIE/
| | - Jens Hasserodt
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR CNRS UCBL 5182, Université de Lyon–ENS de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France, http://www.ens‐lyon.fr/CHIMIE/
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Wu X, Dawsey AC, Siriwardena-Mahanama BN, Allen MJ, Williams TJ. A (Fluoroalkyl)Guanidine Modulates the Relaxivity of a Phosphonate-Containing T1-Shortening Contrast Agent. J Fluor Chem 2014; 168:177-183. [PMID: 25431503 PMCID: PMC4241975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, those that change their relaxivity according to environmental stimuli, have promise as next generation imaging probes in medicine. While several of these are known based on covalent modification of the contrast agents, fewer are known based on controlling non-covalent interactions. We demonstrate here accentuated relaxivity of a T1-shortening contrast agent, Gd-DOTP5- based on non-covalent, hydrogen bonding of Gd-DOTP5- with a novel fluorous amphiphile. By contrast to the phosphonate-containing Gd-DOTP5- system, the relaxivity of the analogous clinically approved contrast agent, Gd-DOTA- is unaffected by the same fluorous amphiphile under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies show that placing the fluorous amphiphile in proximity of the gadolinium center in Gd-DOTP5- caused an increase in τ m (bound-water residence lifetime or the inverse of water exchange rate, τ m = 1/kex) and an increase in τ R (rotational correlation time), with τ R being the factor driving enhanced relaxivity. Further, these effects were not observed when Gd-DOTA- was treated with the same fluorous amphiphile. Thus, Gd-DOTP5- and Gd-DOTA- respond to the fluorous amphiphile differently, presumably because the former binds to the amphiphile with higher affinity. (DOTP = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraphosphonic acid; DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Wu
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Anna C. Dawsey
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | | | - Matthew J. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Travis J. Williams
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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Krchová T, Kotek J, Jirák D, Havlíčková J, Císařová I, Hermann P. Lanthanide(III) complexes of aminoethyl-DO3A as PARACEST contrast agents based on decoordination of the weakly bound amino group. Dalton Trans 2014; 42:15735-47. [PMID: 24051547 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Aminoethyl DOTA analogues with unsubstituted (H3L1), monomethylated (H3L2) and dimethylated (H3L3) amino groups were prepared by improved synthetic procedures. Their solid-state structures exhibit an extensive system of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which is probably present in solution and leads to the rather high value of the last dissociation constant. The protonation sequence of H3L1 in solution corresponds to that found in the solid state. The stability constants of the H3L1 complexes with La(3+) and Gd(3+) (20.02 and 22.23, respectively) are similar to those of DO3A and the reduction of the pK(A) value of the pendant amino group from 10.51 in the free ligand to 6.06 and 5.83 in the La(3+) and Gd(3+) complexes, respectively, points to coordination of the amino group. It was confirmed in the solid state structure of the [Yb(L1)] complex, where disorder between the SA' and TSA' isomers was found. A similar situation is expected in solution, where a fast equilibration among the isomers hampers the unambiguous determination of the isomer ratio in solution. The PARACEST effect was observed in Eu(III)-H3L1/H3L2 and Yb(III)-H3L1/H3L2 complexes, being dependent on pH in the region of 4.5-7.5 and pH-independent in more alkaline solutions. The decrease of the PARACEST effect parallels with the increasing abundance of the complex protonated species, where the pendant amino group is not coordinating. Surprisingly, a small PARACEST effect was also observed in solutions of Eu(III)/Yb(III)-H3L3 complexes, where the pendant amino group is dimethylated. The effect is detectable in a narrow pH region, where both protonated and deprotonated complex species are present in equilibrium. The data points to the new mechanism of the PARACEST effect, where the slow coordination-decoordination of the pendant amine is coupled with the fast proton exchange between the free amino group and bulk water mediates the magnetization transfer. The pH-dependence of the effect was proved to be measurable by MRI and, thus, the complexes extend the family of pH-sensitive probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Krchová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universita Karlova (Charles University), Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Molnár E, Camus N, Patinec V, Rolla GA, Botta M, Tircsó G, Kálmán FK, Fodor T, Tripier R, Platas-Iglesias C. Picolinate-containing macrocyclic Mn2+ complexes as potential MRI contrast agents. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5136-49. [PMID: 24773460 DOI: 10.1021/ic500231z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the ligand Hnompa (6-((1,4,7-triazacyclononan-1-yl)methyl)picolinic acid) and a detailed characterization of the Mn(2+) complexes formed by this ligand and the related ligands Hdompa (6-((1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)methyl)picolinic acid) and Htempa (6-((1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan-1-yl)methyl)picolinic acid). These ligands form thermodynamically stable complexes in aqueous solution with stability constants of logKMnL = 10.28(1) (nompa), 14.48(1) (dompa), and 12.53(1) (tempa). A detailed study of the dissociation kinetics of these Mn(2+) complexes indicates that the decomplexation reaction at about neutral pH occurs mainly following a spontaneous dissociation mechanism. The X-ray structure of [Mn2(nompa)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 shows that the Mn(2+) ion is seven-coordinate in the solid state, being directly bound to five donor atoms of the ligand, the oxygen atom of a coordinated water molecule and an oxygen atom of a neighboring nompa(-) ligand acting as a bridging bidentate carboxylate group (μ-η(1)-carboxylate). Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion ((1)H NMRD) profiles and (17)O NMR chemical shifts and transverse relaxation rates of aqueous solutions of [Mn(nompa)](+) indicate that the Mn(2+) ion is six-coordinate in solution by the pentadentate ligand and one inner-sphere water molecule. The analysis of the (1)H NMRD and (17)O NMR data provides a very high water exchange rate of the inner-sphere water molecule (kex(298) = 2.8 × 10(9) s(-1)) and an unusually high value of the (17)O hyperfine coupling constant of the coordinated water molecule (AO/ℏ = 73.3 ± 0.6 rad s(-1)). DFT calculations performed on the [Mn(nompa)(H2O)](+)·2H2O system (TPSSh model) provide a AO/ℏ value in excellent agreement with the one obtained experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Molnár
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña , Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
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Dorazio SJ, Olatunde AO, Tsitovich PB, Morrow JR. Comparison of divalent transition metal ion paraCEST MRI contrast agents. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:191-205. [PMID: 24253281 PMCID: PMC3946895 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-ion-based paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) agents are a promising new class of compounds for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. Members in this class of compounds include paramagnetic complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). The development of the coordination chemistry for these paraCEST agents is presented with an emphasis on the choice of the azamacrocycle backbone and pendent groups with the goals of controlling the oxidation state, spin state, and stability of the complexes. Chemical exchange saturation transfer spectra and images are compared for different macrocyclic complexes containing amide or heterocyclic pendent groups. The potential of paraCEST agents that function as pH- and redox-activated MRI probes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina J. Dorazio
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York, 14260 USA
| | - Abiola O. Olatunde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York, 14260 USA
| | - Pavel B. Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York, 14260 USA
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York, 14260 USA
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Lincoln KM, Offutt ME, Hayden TD, Saunders RE, Green KN. Structural, Spectral, and Electrochemical Properties of Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Complexes Containing 12-Membered Pyridine- and Pyridol-Based Tetra-aza Macrocycles. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1406-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402119s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Lincoln
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76109, United States
| | - Michael E. Offutt
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76109, United States
| | - Travis D. Hayden
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76109, United States
| | - Ryker E. Saunders
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76109, United States
| | - Kayla N. Green
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76109, United States
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Tircsó G, Garda Z, Kálmán FK, Baranyai Z, Pócsi I, Balla G, Tóth I. Lanthanide(III) complexes of some natural siderophores: A thermodynamic, kinetic and relaxometric study. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsitovich PB, Morrow JR. Macrocyclic ligands for Fe(II) paraCEST and chemical shift MRI contrast agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Olatunde AO, Dorazio SJ, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. The NiCEST approach: nickel(II) paraCEST MRI contrast agents. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18503-5. [PMID: 23102112 DOI: 10.1021/ja307909x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic Ni(II) complexes are shown here to form paraCEST MRI contrast agents (paraCEST = paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer; NiCEST = Ni(II) based CEST agents). Three azamacrocycles with amide pendent groups bind Ni(II) to form stable NiCEST contrast agents including 1,4,7-tris(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L1), 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L2), and 7,13-bis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane (L3). [Ni(L3)](2+), [Ni(L1)](2+), and [Ni(L2)](2+) have CEST peaks attributed to amide protons that are shifted 72, 76, and 76 ppm from the bulk water resonance, respectively. Both CEST MR images and CEST spectroscopy show that [Ni(L3)](2+) has the largest CEST effect in 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM HEPES pH 7.4 at 37 °C. This larger CEST effect is attributed to the sharper proton resonances of the complex which arise from a rigid structure and low relaxivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola O Olatunde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, 14260, United States
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Dorazio SJ, Morrow JR. Iron(II) complexes containing octadentate tetraazamacrocycles as paraCEST magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7448-50. [PMID: 22757664 DOI: 10.1021/ic301001u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron(II) complexes of the macrocyclic ligands 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (TCMC) and (1S,4S,7S,10S)-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (STHP) contain a highly stabilized Fe(II) center in the high-spin state, which is encapsulated by an octadentate macrocycle. The complexes are resistant to acid, metal cations, phosphate, carbonate, and oxygen in aqueous solution. [Fe(TCMC)](2+) contains exchangeable amide protons, and [Fe(STHP)](2+) contains exchangeable protons attributed to alcohol OH donors, which give chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) peaks at physiological pH and 37 °C at 50 and 54 ppm from bulk water, respectively. The distinct pH dependence of the CEST peak of the two complexes over the range of pH 6-8 shows that these two groups may be useful in the development of ratiometric pH sensors based on iron(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina J Dorazio
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York 14260, USA
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