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Tarin M, Babaie M, Eshghi H, Matin MM, Saljooghi AS. Elesclomol, a copper-transporting therapeutic agent targeting mitochondria: from discovery to its novel applications. J Transl Med 2023; 21:745. [PMID: 37864163 PMCID: PMC10589935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element that is involved in a variety of biochemical processes. Both deficiency and accumulation of Cu are associated with various diseases; and a high amount of accumulated Cu in cells can be fatal. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and cuproptosis are among the proposed mechanisms of copper toxicity at high concentrations. Elesclomol (ELC) is a mitochondrion-targeting agent discovered for the treatment of solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of this drug, its mechanisms of action, and the current status of its applications in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and other copper-associated disorders. We also provide some detailed information about future directions to improve its clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Tarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Babaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sh. Saljooghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Gao W, Huang Z, Duan J, Nice EC, Lin J, Huang C. Elesclomol induces copper-dependent ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells via degradation of ATP7A. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3527-3544. [PMID: 34390123 PMCID: PMC8637554 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their copper metabolism to adapt to adverse microenvironments, such as oxidative stress. The copper chelator elesclomol has been reported to have considerable anticancer efficacy, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that elesclomol-mediated copper overload inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) both in vitro and in vivo. Elesclomol alone promotes the degradation of the copper transporter copper-transporting ATPase 1 (ATP7A), which retards the proliferation of CRC cells. This property distinguishes it from several other copper chelators. Combinational treatment of elesclomol and copper leads to copper retention within mitochondria due to ATP7A loss, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation, which in turn promotes the degradation of SLC7A11, thus further enhancing oxidative stress and consequent ferroptosis in CRC cells. This effect accounts for the robust antitumour activity of elesclomol against CRC, which can be reversed by the administration of antioxidants and ferroptosis inhibitors, as well as the overexpression of ATP7A. In summary, our findings indicate that elesclomol-induced copper chelation inhibits CRC by targeting ATP7A and regulating ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Jiufei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
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3
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Serafini M, Cargnin S, Massarotti A, Tron GC, Pirali T, Genazzani AA. What's in a Name? Drug Nomenclature and Medicinal Chemistry Trends using INN Publications. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4410-4429. [PMID: 33847110 PMCID: PMC8154580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization assigns international nonproprietary names (INN), also known as common names, to compounds upon request from drug developers. Structures of INNs are publicly available and represent a source, albeit underused, to understand trends in drug research and development. Here, we explain how a common drug name is composed and analyze chemical entities from 2000 to 2021. In the analysis, we describe some changes that intertwine chemical structure, newer therapeutic targets (e.g., kinases), including a significant increase in the use of fluorine and of heterocycles, and some other evolutionary modifications, such as the progressive increase in molecular weight. Alongside these, small signs of change can be spotted, such as the rise in spirocyclic scaffolds and small rings and the emergence of unconventional structural moieties that might forecast the future to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Università del Piemonte
Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Università del Piemonte
Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Università del Piemonte
Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Rodrigues JAO, Oliveira Neto JGD, da Silva de Barros AO, Ayala AP, Santos-Oliveira R, de Menezes AS, de Sousa FF. Copper(II):phenanthroline complexes with l-asparagine and l-methionine: Synthesis, crystal structure and in-vitro cytotoxic effects on prostate, breast and melanoma cancer cells. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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6
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Ngwane AH, Petersen RD, Baker B, Wiid I, Wong HN, Haynes RK. The evaluation of the anti-cancer drug elesclomol that forms a redox-active copper chelate as a potential anti-tubercular drug. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:532-538. [PMID: 30698324 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The observations that the innate immune system employs copper to eliminate bacterial infection and that resistance to copper enhances virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) prompted us to examine the effects the anti-cancer agent elesclomol on Mtb. As a bis-thionohydrazide, elesclomol chelates with copper to form a copper complex in situ that via redox cycling of the metal ion greatly enhances oxidative stress in tumour cells. Here, we demonstrate that elesclomol is relatively potent against Mtb H37Rv with minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μM (4 mg/L) and against multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Mtb, displays additive interactions with known tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and ethambutol, and a synergistic interaction with rifampicin. Controlled supplementation of elesclomol with copper in culture medium increased Mtb sensitivity by >65 fold. Overall, the activities of elesclomol in principle indicate the possibility of repurposing elesclomol or designing new thionohydrazides as potential drugs for use against Mtb. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):532-538, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andile H Ngwane
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ray-Dean Petersen
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bienyameen Baker
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ian Wiid
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ho Ning Wong
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard K Haynes
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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7
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Kardos J, Héja L, Simon Á, Jablonkai I, Kovács R, Jemnitz K. Copper signalling: causes and consequences. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:71. [PMID: 30348177 PMCID: PMC6198518 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-containing enzymes perform fundamental functions by activating dioxygen (O2) and therefore allowing chemical energy-transfer for aerobic metabolism. The copper-dependence of O2 transport, metabolism and production of signalling molecules are supported by molecular systems that regulate and preserve tightly-bound static and weakly-bound dynamic cellular copper pools. Disruption of the reducing intracellular environment, characterized by glutathione shortage and ambient Cu(II) abundance drives oxidative stress and interferes with the bidirectional, copper-dependent communication between neurons and astrocytes, eventually leading to various brain disease forms. A deeper understanding of of the regulatory effects of copper on neuro-glia coupling via polyamine metabolism may reveal novel copper signalling functions and new directions for therapeutic intervention in brain disorders associated with aberrant copper metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kardos
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Ágnes Simon
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - István Jablonkai
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Richard Kovács
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katalin Jemnitz
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
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SHEIKHSHOAIE IRAN, EBRAHIMIPOUR SYOUSEF, SHEIKHSHOAIE MAHDIEH, MOHAMADI MARYAM, ABBASNEJAD MEHDI, RUDBARI HADIAMIRI, BRUNO GIUSEPPE. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystal structure, electrochemical evaluation and anti-cancer studies of a mixed ligand Cu(II) complex of (E)-N′-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hasinoff BB, Wu X, Yadav AA, Patel D, Zhang H, Wang DS, Chen ZS, Yalowich JC. Cellular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug elesclomol and its complex with Cu(II). Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:266-76. [PMID: 25550273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potent anticancer drug elesclomol, which forms an extremely strong complex with copper, is currently undergoing clinical trials. However, its mechanism of action is not well understood. Treatment of human erythroleukemic K562 cells with either elesclomol or Cu(II)-elesclomol caused an immediate halt in cell growth which was followed by a loss of cell viability after several hours. Treatment of K562 cells also resulted in induction of apoptosis as measured by annexin V binding. Elesclomol or Cu(II)-elesclomol treatment caused a G1 cell cycle block in synchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells. Elesclomol and Cu(II)-elesclomol induced DNA double strand breaks in K562 cells, suggesting that they may also have exerted their cytotoxicity by damaging DNA. Cu(II)-elesclomol also weakly inhibited DNA topoisomerase I (5.99.1.2) but was not active against DNA topoisomerase IIα (5.99.1.3). Elesclomol or Cu(II)-elesclomol treatment had little effect on the mitochondrial membrane potential of viable K562 cells. NCI COMPARE analysis showed that Cu(II)-elesclomol exerted its cytotoxicity by mechanisms similar to other cytotoxic copper chelating compounds. Experiments with cross-resistant cell lines overexpressing several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type efflux transporters showed that neither elesclomol nor Cu(II)-elesclomol were cross-resistant to cells overexpressing either ABCB1 (Pgp) or ABCG2 (BCRP), but that cells overexpressing ABCC1 (MRP1) were slightly cross-resistant. In conclusion, these results showed that elesclomol caused a rapid halt in cell growth, induced apoptosis, and may also have inhibited cell growth, in part, through its ability to damage DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Hasinoff
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5.
| | - Xing Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Arun A Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Daywin Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, USA; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Ma T, Xu J, Wang Y, Yu H, Yang Y, Liu Y, Ding W, Zhu W, Chen R, Ge Z, Tan Y, Jia L, Zhu T. Ternary copper(II) complexes with amino acid chains and heterocyclic bases: DNA binding, cytotoxic and cell apoptosis induction properties. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 144:38-46. [PMID: 25555321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, chemotherapy is a common means of oncology. However, it is difficult to find excellent chemotherapy drugs. Here we reported three new ternary copper(II) complexes which have potential chemotherapy characteristics with reduced Schiff base ligand and heterocyclic bases (TBHP), [Cu(phen)(TBHP)]H2O (1), [Cu(dpz)(TBHP)]H2O (2) and [Cu(dppz)(TBHP)]H2O (3) (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, dpz=dipyrido [3,2:2',3'-f]quinoxaline, dppz=dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, H2TBHP=2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylamino)-2-benzyl-acetic acid). The DNA-binding properties of the complexes were investigated by spectrometric titrations, ethidium bromide displacement experiments and viscosity measurements. The results indicated that the three complexes, especially the complex 13, can strongly bind to calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA). The intrinsic binding constants Kb of the ternary copper(II) complexes with CT-DNA were 1.37×10(5), 1.81×10(5) and 3.21×10(5) for 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Comparative cytotoxic activities of the copper(II) complexes were also determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that the ternary copper(II) complexes had significant cytotoxic activity against the human lung cancer (A549), human esophageal cancer (Eca109) and human gastric cancer (SGC7901) cell lines. Cell apoptosis were detected by AnnexinV/PI flow cytometry and by Western blotting with the protein expression of p53, Bax and Bcl-2. All the three copper complexes can effectively induce apoptosis of the three human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieliang Ma
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Brain Surgery, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiliang Ding
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjiao Zhu
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruhua Chen
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhijun Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongfei Tan
- Department of Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China.
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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The cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug elesclomol is due to oxidative stress indirectly mediated through its complex with Cu(II). J Inorg Biochem 2014; 137:22-30. [PMID: 24798374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elesclomol is an anticancer drug that is currently undergoing clinical trials. Elesclomol forms a strong 1:1 complex with Cu(II) and may exert its anticancer activity through the induction of oxidative stress and/or its ability to transport copper into the cell. A UV-vis spectrophotometric titration showed that Cu(I) also formed a 1:1 complex with elesclomol. Ascorbic acid, but not glutathione or NADH, potently reduced the Cu(II)-elesclomol complex to produce hydrogen peroxide. Even though hydrogen peroxide mediated reoxidation of the copper(I) produced by ascorbic acid reduction has the potential to lead to hydroxyl radical formation, electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping experiments, either with or without added hydrogen peroxide, showed that the ascorbic acid-reduced Cu(II)-elesclomol complex could not directly generate damaging hydroxyl radicals. Both Cu(II)-elesclomol and elesclomol potently oxidized dichlorofluorescin in K562 cells. The highly specific copper chelators tetrathiomolybdate and triethylenetetramine were found to greatly reduce the cytotoxicity of both elesclomol and Cu(II)-elesclomol complex towards erythroleukemic K562 cells, consistent with a role for copper in the cytotoxicity of elesclomol. The superoxide dismutating activity of Cu(II)-elesclomol was much lower than that of Cu(II). Depletion of glutathione levels in K562 cells by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine sensitized cells to both elesclomol and Cu(II)-elesclomol. In conclusion, these results showed that elesclomol indirectly inhibited cancer cell growth through Cu(II)-mediated oxidative stress.
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Brissos RF, Torrents E, Mariana dos Santos Mello F, Carvalho Pires W, de Paula Silveira-Lacerda E, Caballero AB, Caubet A, Massera C, Roubeau O, Teat SJ, Gamez P. Highly cytotoxic DNA-interacting copper(ii) coordination compounds. Metallomics 2014; 6:1853-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00152d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper complexes from Schiff-base ligands show high cytotoxicity against diverse cancer cell lines, with IC50 values down to 0.23 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa F. Brissos
- Departament de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Torrents
- Departament de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Wanessa Carvalho Pires
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas
- Universidade Federal de Goiás
- UFG
- Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Ana B. Caballero
- Departament de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Caubet
- Departament de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source (ALS)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Patrick Gamez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
- 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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