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Oliver TE, Piantavigna S, Andrews PC, Holt SA, Dillon CT. Interactions of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Their Bismuth Analogues (BiNSAIDs) with Biological Membrane Mimics at Physiological pH. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1337-1352. [PMID: 33478220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in particular aspirin, to be used as chemopreventives for colorectal cancer; however, a range of unwanted gastrointestinal side effects limit their effectiveness. Due to the role of bismuth in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, it is hypothesized that bismuth-coordinated NSAIDs (BiNSAIDs) could be used to combat the gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs while still maintaining their chemopreventive potential. To further understand the biological activity of these compounds, the present study examined four NSAIDs, namely, tolfenamic acid (tolfH), aspirin (aspH), indomethacin (indoH), and mefenamic acid (mefH) and their analogous homoleptic BiNSAIDs ([Bi(L)3]n), to determine how these compounds interact with biological membrane mimics composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) or a mixture of POPC and cholesterol. Electrical impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that each of the NSAIDs and BiNSAIDs influenced membrane conductance, suggesting that temporary pore formation may play a key role in the previously observed cytotoxicity of tolfH and Bi(tolf)3. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring showed that all the compounds were able to interact with membrane mimics composed of solely POPC or POPC/cholesterol. Finally, neutron reflectometry studies showed changes in membrane thickness and composition. The location of the compounds within the bilayer could not be determined with certainty; however, a complex interplay of interactions governs the location of small molecules, such as NSAIDs, within lipid membranes. The charged nature of the parent NSAIDs means that interactions with the polar headgroup region are most likely with larger hydrophobic sections, potentially leading to deeper penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Oliver
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stefania Piantavigna
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen A Holt
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Carolyn T Dillon
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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2
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Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Araujo RC, Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Mejia-Turcios SE, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Rostoll-Cangiano L, Schulmeister TM, Dubeux JCB, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N. Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate on ruminal fermentation of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5868550. [PMID: 32638002 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to determine the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate (eCAN) on ruminal fermentation of beef cattle consuming bahiagrass hay (Paspalum notatum) and sugarcane molasses. Ten ruminally cannulated steers (n = 8; 461 ± 148 kg of body weight [BW]; average BW ± SD) and heifers (n = 2; 337 ± 74 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments as follows: 1) 2.7 g/kg of BW of molasses (NCTRL), 2) NCTRL + 182 mg/kg of BW of urea (U), 3) U + 58.4 mg/kg of BW of BSS (UB), 4) NCTRL + 538 mg/kg of BW of eCAN (NIT), and 5) NIT + 58.4 mg/kg of BW of BSS (NITB). With the exception of NCTRL, all treatments were isonitrogenous. Beginning on day 14 of each period, ruminal fluid was collected and rectal temperature was recorded 4× per day for 3 d to determine ruminal changes every 2 h from 0 to 22 h post-feeding. Ruminal gas cap samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h on day 0 of each period followed by 0 h on days 1, 2, 3, and 14. Microbial N flow was determined using Cr-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, YbCl3, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber for liquid, small particle, and large particle phases, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate the effects of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) inclusion, NPN source, BSS, and NPN source × BSS. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) on concentrations of H2S on day 0, 1, 2, or 14; however, on day 3, concentrations of H2S were reduced (P = 0.018) when NPN was provided. No effect of treatment (P = 0.864) occurred for ruminal pH. There was an effect of NPN source on total concentrations of VFA (P = 0.011), where a 6% reduction occurred when eCAN was provided. There were effects of NPN (P = 0.001) and NPN source (P = 0.009) on the concentration of NH3-N, where cattle consuming NPN had a greater concentration than those not consuming NPN, and eCAN reduced the concentration compared with urea. Total concentrations of VFA and NH3-N were not affected (P > 0.05) by BSS. There was an effect of BSS (P = 0.009) on rectal temperature, where cattle not consuming BSS had greater temperatures than those receiving BSS. No differences for NPN, NPN source, nor BSS (P > 0.05) were observed for microbial N flow. In conclusion, eCAN does not appear to deliver equivalent ruminal fermentation parameters compared with urea, and BSS has limited effects on fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren D Henry
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL.,Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Francine M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Rafael C Araujo
- GRASP Ind. & Com. LTDA, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,EW
- Nutrition GmbH, Visbek, Germany
| | - Pedro L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Nicola Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Mariana E Garcia-Ascolani
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - Lautaro Rostoll-Cangiano
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - Tessa M Schulmeister
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - Jose C B Dubeux
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
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Sonkar C, Malviya N, Ranjan R, Pakhira S, Mukhopadhyay S. Mechanistic Insight for Targeting Biomolecules by Ruthenium(II) NSAID Complexes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4600-4612. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sonkar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Novina Malviya
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rishi Ranjan
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS), School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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Kumar P, Swagatika S, Dasari S, Tomar RS, Patra AK. Modulation of ruthenium anticancer drugs analogs with tolfenamic acid: Reactivity, biological interactions and growth inhibition of yeast cell. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sosa-García D, López-Cardoso M, Tlahuext H, Vargas-Pineda G, Román-Bravo P, Villamil-Ramos R, Acevedo-Quiroz M, Razo-Hernández RS, Gómez-Sandoval Z, Alvarez-Fitz P, Cea-Olivares R. Synthesis, structural investigation, antibacterial and DFT studies of complexes derived from a cholesteryl dithiophosphonate ligand with some thio-metallolane and thio-metallocane heterocycles of As(III) and Sb(III). Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saravanan A, Shyamsivappan S, Suresh T, Subashini G, Kadirvelu K, Bhuvanesh N, Nandhakumar R, Mohan PS. An efficient new dual fluorescent pyrene based chemosensor for the detection of bismuth (III) and aluminium (III) ions and its applications in bio-imaging. Talanta 2019; 198:249-256. [PMID: 30876558 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new simple pyrene based schiff base chemosensor 1 (nicotinic acid pyren-1-ylmethylene-hydrazide) has been constructed and is prepared from 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde and nicotinic hydrazide. Notably, the chemosensor 1 exhibited remarkable colour changes while in the presence of trivalent metal ions like Bi3+ & Al3+ ion in DMSO-H2O, (1:1 v/v, HEPES = 50 mM, pH = 7.4). The UV-Vis spectral investigation of chemosensor 1 showed that the maximum absorption peak appeared at 378 nm. In emission studies, chemosensor 1 develops weak fluorescence, while upon the addition of Bi3+ and Al3+ ions, it exhibits an enhancement of fluorescence intensity. Nevertheless, rest of metal ions have no changes in the emission spectra. The association constant of chemosensor 1 for binding to Bi3+ & Al3+ system had a value of 1.27 × 104 M-1 and 1.53 × 104 M-1. The detection limits were 0.12 µM for Bi3+ and 0.17 µM for Al3+ respectively. The overall results reveal that chemosensor 1 can act as a dual-channel, highly selective, and sensitive probe for Bi3+ and Al3+ ions. Moreover, the fluorescence imaging of chemosensor 1 was applied in RAW 264.7 cell line and cytotoxicity assay prove that this chemosensor 1 is non-toxic as well as highly biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; BU-DRDO CLS, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thangaraj Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalan Subashini
- Department of Chemistry, P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- BU-DRDO CLS, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nanjan Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shakibaie M, Forootanfar H, Ameri A, Adeli-Sardou M, Jafari M, Rahimi HR. Cytotoxicity of biologically synthesised bismuth nanoparticles against HT-29 cell line. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:653-657. [PMID: 30095428 PMCID: PMC8676642 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was purposed to examine the cytotoxicity and functions of biologically synthesised bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) produced by Delftia sp. SFG on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line of HT-29. The structural properties of Bi NPs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The cytotoxic effects of Bi NPs were analysed using flow cytometry cell apoptosis while western blot analyses were applied to analyse the cleaved caspase-3 expression. Oxidative stress (OS) damage was determined using the measurement of the glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of Bi NPs was measured to be 28.7 ± 1.4 µg/ml on HT-29 cell line. The viability of HT-29 represented a concentration-dependent pattern (5-80 µg/ml). The mode of Bi NPs induced apoptosis was found to be mainly related to late apoptosis or necrosis at IC50 concentration, without the effect on caspase-3 activities. Furthermore, Bi NPs reduced the GSH and increased the MDA levels and decreased the SOD and CAT activities. Taken together, biogenic Bi NPs induced cytotoxicity on HT-29 cell line through the activation of late apoptosis independent of caspase pathway and may enhance the OS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ameri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Adeli-Sardou
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mandana Jafari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Sudent Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, Ahmad I. Tolfenamic Acid. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2018; 43:255-319. [PMID: 29678262 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and belongs to the group of fenamates. It is used as a potent pain reliever in the treatment of acute migraine attacks, and disorders like dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis. TA has shown excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against certain ATCC strains of bacteria when complexed with bismuth(III). It has also been reported to block pathological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the recent past, TA has also been used as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of various cancers. In view of the clinical importance of TA, a comprehensive review of the physical and pharmaceutical properties and details of the various analytical methods used for the assay of the drug in pharmaceutical and biological systems has been made. The methods reviewed include identification tests and titrimetric, spectrophotometric, chromatographic, electrochemical, thermal, microscopic, enzymatic, and solid-state techniques. Along with the analytical profile, the stability and degradation of TA, its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, dosage forms and dose, adverse effects and toxicity, and interactions have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ahmed
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and theoretical studies of the first main group tris(ephedrinedithiocarbamate) complexes of As(III), Sb(III), Bi(III), Ga(III) and In(III). Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dilek E, Caglar S, Dogancay N, Caglar B, Sahin O, Tabak A. Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopy, thermal properties and carbonic anhydrase activities of new metal(II) complexes with mefenamic acid and picoline derivatives. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1366996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Dilek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sema Caglar
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Dogancay
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Bulent Caglar
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Onur Sahin
- Sinop University, Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tabak
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
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Banti CN, Hadjikakou SK. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Metal Complexes and Their Effect at the Cellular Level. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina N. Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; 45110 Ioannina Greece
| | - Sotiris K. Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; 45110 Ioannina Greece
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Roncati L, Gatti AM, Capitani F, Barbolini G, Maiorana A, Palmieri B. Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in an Atypical Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Abdominal Wall. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 39:286-92. [PMID: 26270725 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2015.1013655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are able to interfere with the function of vital cellular components. Besides in trace heavy metals, which are essential at low concentration for humans, there are heavy metals with a well-known toxic and oncogenic potential. In this study, for the first time in literature, we report the unique adulthood case of an atypical primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the abdominal wall, diagnosed by histology and immunohistochemistry, with the molecular hybridization support. The neoplasia occurred in a patient chronically exposed to a transdermal delivery of heavy metal salts (aluminum and bismuth), whose intracellular bioaccumulation has been revealed by elemental microanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena (MO) , Italy
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Khan M, Khan M, Al-Marri AH, Al-Warthan A, Alkhathlan HZ, Siddiqui MRH, Nayak VL, Kamal A, Adil SF. Apoptosis inducing ability of silver decorated highly reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites in A549 lung cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:873-83. [PMID: 27022256 PMCID: PMC4788371 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, graphene and graphene-based materials have been increasingly used for various biological applications due to their extraordinary physicochemical properties. Here, we demonstrate the anticancer properties and apoptosis-inducing ability of silver doped highly reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites synthesized by employing green approach. These nano composites (PGE-HRG-Ag) were synthesized by using Pulicaria glutinosa extract (PGE) as a reducing agent and were evaluated for their anticancer properties against various human cancer cell lines with tamoxifen as the reference drug. A correlation between the amount of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) and the anticancer activity of nanocomposite was observed, wherein an increase in the concentration of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of HRG led to the enhanced anticancer activity of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite PGE-HRG-Ag-2 exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than standard drug in A549 cells, a human lung cancer cell line. A detailed investigation was undertaken and Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis demonstrated that the nanocomposite PGE-HRG-Ag-2 showed G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Studies such as, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Annexin V-FITC staining assay suggested that this compound induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi H Al-Marri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Z Alkhathlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vadithe Lakshma Nayak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed F Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Lindner S, Bräse S, Masters KS. Simple and expedient metal-free CH-functionalization of fluoro-arenes by the BHAS method – Scope and limitations. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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