1
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Gilpatrick ST, Obisesan OA, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Carbon-phosphorus stapled Au(I) anticancer agents via bisphosphine induced reductive elimination. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39161271 PMCID: PMC11333934 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Towards the goal of generating new stabilized gold complexes as potent anticancer agents, we report here a novel class of Au(I) agents from Au(III)-mediated Caryl-P bond formation captured within the same complex by reacting a C^N cyclometalated Au(III) complex with bisphosphines. Cyclometalated Au(III) complexes of the type [Au(C^N)Cl2], where C^N represent different aryl pyridine framework reacted with bis(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl ether in refluxing methanol to access an unsymmetrical gold complex featuring C-P coupling and Au(I)-phosphine. The complexes were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 31P-NMR and mass spectrometry. The structures of the complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography and purity ascertained by HPLC and elemental analysis. The complexes demonstrate promising anticancer activity in a broad panel of cancer cell lines of different tumor origin. Mechanistically, the complexes induce apoptosis, generate mitochondrial ROS, depolarize mitochondrial membrane potential and modulate mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells. Overall, we developed a new structural class of Au(I) complexes with promising anticancer potential with potential utility in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Gilpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | | | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Centre, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics and Nanomedicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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2
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Coscione F, Zineddu S, Vitali V, Fondi M, Messori L, Perrin E. The Many Lives of Auranofin: How an Old Anti-Rheumatic Agent May Become a Promising Antimicrobial Drug. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:652. [PMID: 39061334 PMCID: PMC11274207 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Auranofin (AF) is a gold-based compound with a well-known pharmacological and toxicological profile, currently used in the treatment of some severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis. Over the last twenty years, AF has also been repurposed as antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial drug. In this review we focused on the antibacterial properties of AF, specifically researching the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of AF in both mono- and diderm bacteria reported so far in literature. AF proves to be highly effective against monoderm bacteria, while diderm are far less susceptible, probably due to the outer membrane barrier. We also reported the current mechanistic hypotheses concerning the antimicrobial properties of AF, although a conclusive description of its antibacterial mode of action is not yet available. Even if its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated yet and further studies are required to optimize its delivery strategy, AF deserves additional investigation because of its unique mode of action and high efficacy against a wide range of pathogens, which could lead to potential applications in fighting antimicrobial resistance and improving therapeutic outcomes in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coscione
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Stefano Zineddu
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Vitali
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Elena Perrin
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
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3
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Ilyas M, Latif MS, Gul A, Babar MM, Rajadas J. Drug repurposing for bacterial infections. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:1-21. [PMID: 38942533 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Repurposing pharmaceuticals is a technique used to find new, alternate clinical applications for approved drug molecules. It may include altering the drug formulation, route of administration, dose or the dosage regimen. The process of repurposing medicines starts with screening libraries of previously approved drugs for the targeted disease condition. If after an the initial in silico, in vitro or in vivo experimentation, the molecule has been found to be active against a particular target, the molecule is considered as a good candidate for clinical trials. As the safety profile of such molecules is available from the previous data, significant time and resources are saved. These advantages of drug repurposing approach make it especially helpful for finding treatments for rapidly evolving conditions including bacterial infections. An ever-increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, owing to the mutations in bacterial genome, leads to therapeutic failure of many approved antibiotics. Repurposing the approved drug molecules for use as antibiotics can provide an effective means for the combating life-threatening bacterial diseases. A number of drugs have been considered for drug repurposing against bacterial infections. These include, but are not limited to, Auranofin, Closantel, and Toremifene that have been repurposed for various infections. In addition, the reallocation of route of administration, redefining dosage regimen and reformulation of dosage forms have also been carried out for repurposing purpose. The current chapter addresses the drug discovery and development process with relevance to repurposing against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Ilyas
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad Latif
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Advanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, PaloAlto, CA, United States.
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Cardiovascular Institute and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, PaloAlto, CA, United States
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Ndugire W, Raviranga NGH, Lao J, Ramström O, Yan M. Gold Nanoclusters as Nanoantibiotic Auranofin Analogues. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101032. [PMID: 34350709 PMCID: PMC8816973 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin, a gold(I)-complex with tetraacetylated thioglucose (Ac4 GlcSH) and triethylphosphine ligands, is an FDA-approved drug used as an anti-inflammatory aid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In repurposing auranofin for other diseases, it was found that the drug showed significant activity against Gram-positive but was inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. Herein, the design and synthesis of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) based on the structural motif of auranofin are reported. Phosphine-capped AuNCs are synthesized and glycosylated, yielding auranofin analogues with mixed triphenylphosphine monosulfonate (TPPMS)/Ac4 GlcSH ligand shells. These AuNCs are active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant pathogens. Notably, an auranofin analogue, a mixed-ligand 1.6 nm AuNC 4b, is more active than auranofin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while exhibiting lower toxicity against human A549 cells. The enhanced antibacterial activity of these AuNCs is characterized by a greater uptake of Au by the bacteria compared to AuI complexes. Additional factors include increased oxidative stress, moderate inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and DNA damage. Most intriguingly, the uptake of AuNCs are not affected by the bacterial outer membrane (OM) barrier or by binding with the extracellular proteins. This contrasts with AuI complexes like auranofin that are susceptible to protein binding and hindered by the OM barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ndugire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - N G Hasitha Raviranga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Jingzhe Lao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
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5
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Liu Y, Lu Y, Xu Z, Ma X, Chen X, Liu W. Repurposing of the gold drug auranofin and a review of its derivatives as antibacterial therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1961-1973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Gold compounds have been employed throughout history to treat various types of disease, from ancient times to the present day. In the year 1985, auranofin, a gold-containing compound, was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a therapeutic agent to target rheumatoid arthritis that would facilitate easy oral drug administration as opposed to conventional intramuscular injection used in treatments. Furthermore, auranofin demonstrates promising results for the treatment of various diseases beyond rheumatoid arthritis, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and bacterial and parasitic infections. Various potential novel applications for auranofin have been proposed for treating human diseases. Auranofin has previously been demonstrated to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) involved within the thioredoxin (Trx) system that comprises one of the critical cellular redox systems within the body. TrxR comprises the sole known enzyme that catalyzes Trx reduction. With cancers in particular, TrxR inhibition facilitates an increase in cellular oxidative stress and suppresses tumor growth. In this review, we describe the potential of auranofin to serve as an anticancer agent and further drug repurposing to utilize this as a strategy for further appropriate drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Momose
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
| | - Takefumi Onodera
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
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7
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Hutton ML, Pehlivanoglu H, Vidor CJ, James ML, Thomson MJ, Lyras D. Repurposing auranofin as a Clostridioides difficile therapeutic. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:409-417. [PMID: 31642901 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile (previously Clostridium difficile) is the leading cause of nosocomial, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide. Currently, the gold standard of treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI) is vancomycin or metronidazole, although these antibiotics also perturb the protective resident microbiota, often resulting in disease relapse. Thus, an urgent need remains for the development of new treatment strategies. Auranofin is an FDA-approved oral antirheumatic drug that was previously shown to inhibit C. difficile vegetative cell growth, toxin production and spore production in vitro. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of auranofin as a CDI therapeutic by examining the effect of treatment on toxin and spore production in vitro and in vivo, and on disease outcomes in mice. METHODS C. difficile cultures were treated with auranofin and examined for effects on sporulation and toxin production by sporulation assay and ELISA, respectively. Mice were pretreated with auranofin prior to infection with C. difficile and monitored for physiological conditions, survival and gut damage compared with control animals. Faeces from mice were analysed to determine whether auranofin reduces sporulation and toxin production in vivo. RESULTS Auranofin significantly reduces sporulation and toxin production under in vitro conditions and in infected mice in vivo. Mice treated with auranofin lost less weight, displayed a significant increase in survival rates and had significantly less toxin-mediated damage in their colon and caecum compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS Auranofin shows promise as a prospective therapeutic option for C. difficile infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hutton
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Havva Pehlivanoglu
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Callum J Vidor
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Meagan L James
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Melanie J Thomson
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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8
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Faghih Z, Yazdani Kachoei A, Alizadeh H, Emamdoost S, Shirkhan S, Fereidoonnezhad M. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation of Organometallic Thiolated Gold(I) Complexes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:134-143. [PMID: 33680017 PMCID: PMC7757979 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The complex [(PhCH2NC)AuCl], 1, was prepared by the reaction of [(Me2S)AuCl], A, with an equimolar amount of benzyl isocyanide (PhCH2NC) ligand. Through a salt metathesis reaction, the chloride ligand in 1 was replaced by potassium benzothiazole-2-thiolate (Kbt) and potassium benzoimidazole-2-thiolate (Kbi) to afford complexes (PhCH2NC)Au(κ1-S-bt)], 2a and (PhCH2NC)Au(κ1-S-bi)], 2b, respectively, which were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activities of 2a and 2b were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines, including A549 (lung), SKOV3 (ovary), and MCF-7 (breast). Our results indicated that 2a exhibited comparable cytotoxicity on investigated cell lines with cisplatin. It showed a good anti-proliferative activity with IC50 of 19.46, 11.76 and 13.27 μM against A549, SKOV3 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. The effects of these complexes on the proliferation of the non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cell line (MCF-10A) showed their good selectivity between the tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cell lines. Molecular docking simulation studies were also conducted to determine the specific binding site and binding mode of the synthesized gold complexes to DNA and thioredoxinreductase (TrxR) as their proposed targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Faghih
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdani Kachoei
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Alizadeh
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Suphia Emamdoost
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shima Shirkhan
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masood Fereidoonnezhad
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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9
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Auranofin Has Advantages over First-Line Drugs in the Treatment of Severe Streptococcus suis Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010026. [PMID: 33396878 PMCID: PMC7823847 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) likely occurs when an individual is infected with the Streptococcus suis (S. suis) epidemic strain and is characterized by a cytokine storm, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and a high incidence of mortality despite adequate treatment. A number of antibiotics exhibit excellent bactericidal effects in vivo, such as fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides (gentamicin) and β-lactams (penicillin G, ceftiofur, or amoxicillin), but are less effective for treating STSLS. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new compounds that can reduce the damage caused by STSLS. In the present study, we identified auranofin, an orally bioavailable FDA-approved anti-rheumatic drug as a candidate repurposed drug to treat severe S. suis infections. Our results showed that auranofin can bind to the functional domain of bacterial thioredoxin reductase, decreasing the reducing redox-responsive capacity of target bacteria and allowing for the killing of S. suis cells. We also observed that auranofin has antibacterial activity against other gram-positive bacteria, such as multidrug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Streptococcus agalactiae, and vancomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, auranofin is capable of eradicating intracellular S.suis present inside infected macrophage cells. Mouse model experimental results showed that auranofin could effectively reduce the mortality of mice infected with S. suis. Compared to the ampicillin treatment group, the survival rate of mice in the auranofin treatment group in severely infected model mice was significantly improved. These results suggest that auranofin has the potential for use as an effective antibiotic against S. suis.
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10
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Ren X, Zou L, Holmgren A. Targeting Bacterial Antioxidant Systems for Antibiotics Development. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1922-1939. [PMID: 31589114 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191007163654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has become an urgent issue in modern medicine which requires novel strategies to develop antibiotics. Recent studies have supported the hypothesis that antibiotic-induced bacterial cell death is mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The hypothesis also highlighted the importance of antioxidant systems, the defense mechanism which contributes to antibiotic resistance. Thioredoxin and glutathione systems are the two major thiol-dependent systems which not only provide antioxidant capacity but also participate in various biological events in bacteria, such as DNA synthesis and protein folding. The biological importance makes them promising targets for novel antibiotics development. Based on the idea, ebselen and auranofin, two bacterial thioredoxin reductase inhibitors, have been found to inhibit the growth of bacteria lacking the GSH efficiently. A recent study combining ebselen and silver exhibited a strong synergistic effect against Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria which possess both thioredoxin and glutathione systems. These drug-repurposing studies are promising for quick clinical usage due to their well-known profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lili Zou
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Translational Neuroscience & Neural Regeneration and Repair Institute/ Institute of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University, 443000 Yichang, China
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Martín-Encinas E, Conejo-Rodríguez V, Miguel JA, Martínez-Ilarduya JM, Rubiales G, Knudsen BR, Palacios F, Alonso C. Novel phosphine sulphide gold(i) complexes: topoisomerase I inhibitors and antiproliferative agents. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7852-7861. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold(i) increases the cytotoxicity of phosphine sulfide quinolines against cancer cell lines, while heterocycles maintain the TopI inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endika Martín-Encinas
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
| | | | - Jesús A. Miguel
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica
- Faculty of Science
- University of Valladolid
- Valladolid
- Spain
| | | | - Gloria Rubiales
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
| | - Birgitta R. Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- University of Aarhus
- Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
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12
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She P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Tan F, Luo Z, Wu Y. Antibiofilm efficacy of the gold compound auranofin on dual species biofilms of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Candida
sp. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:88-101. [PMID: 31509623 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Yangxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou P.R. China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
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13
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Epstein TD, Wu B, Moulton KD, Yan M, Dube DH. Sugar-Modified Analogs of Auranofin Are Potent Inhibitors of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1682-1687. [PMID: 31487153 PMCID: PMC7123778 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection poses a worldwide public health crisis, as chronic infection is rampant and can lead to gastric ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancer. Unfortunately, frontline therapies cause harmful side effects and are often ineffective due to antibiotic resistance. The FDA-approved drug auranofin is a gold complex with a Au(I) core coordinated with triethylphosphine and peracetylated thioglucose as the ligands. Auranofin is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and also displays potent activity against H. pylori. One of auranofin's modes of action involves cell death by disrupting cellular thiol-redox balance maintained by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), but this disruption leads to unwanted side effects due to mammalian cell toxicity. Here, we developed and tested sugar-modified analogs of auranofin as potential antibiotics against H. pylori, with the rationale that modulating the sugar moiety would bias uptake by targeting bacterial cells and mitigating mammalian cell toxicity. Sugar-modified auranofin analogs displayed micromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations against H. pylori, maintained nanomolar inhibitory activity against the target enzyme TrxR, and caused reduced toxicity to mammalian cells. Taken together, our results suggest that structurally modifying the sugar component of auranofin has the potential to yield superior antibiotics for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Broadly, glyco-tailoring is an attractive approach for repurposing approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa D. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Karen D. Moulton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Danielle H. Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
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14
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Wu B, Yang X, Yan M. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Antimicrobial Auranofin against ESKAPE Pathogens. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7751-7768. [PMID: 31386365 PMCID: PMC7941214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Auranofin, an FDA-approved arthritis drug, has recently been repurposed as a potential antimicrobial agent; it performed well against many Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains. It is, however, inactive toward Gram-negative bacteria, for which we are in dire need of new therapies. In this work, 40 auranofin analogues were synthesized by varying the structures of the thiol and phosphine ligands, and their activities were tested against ESKAPE pathogens. The study identified compounds that exhibited bacterial inhibition (MIC) and killing (MBC) activities up to 65 folds higher than that of auranofin, making them effective against Gram-negative pathogens. Both thiol and the phosphine structures influence the activities of the analogues. The trimethylphosphine and triethylphosphine ligands gave the highest activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Our SAR study revealed that the thiol ligand is also very important, the structure of which can modulate the activities of the AuI complexes for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, these analogues had mammalian cell toxicities either similar to or lower than that of auranofin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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15
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Gold(I/III)-Phosphine Complexes as Potent Antiproliferative Agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12335. [PMID: 31451718 PMCID: PMC6710276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of gold reagents [HAuCl4•3H2O], [AuCl(tht)], or cyclometalated gold(III) precursor, [C^NAuCl2] with chiral ((R,R)-(-)-2,3-bis(t-butylmethylphosphino) quinoxaline) and non-chiral phosphine (1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppe) ligands lead to distorted Au(I), (1, 2, 4, 5) and novel cyclometalated Au(III) complexes (3, 6). These gold compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR, microanalysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The inherent electrochemical properties of the gold complexes were also studied by cyclic voltammetry and theoretical insight of the complexes was gained by density functional theory and TD-DFT calculations. The complexes effectively kill cancer cells with IC50 in the range of ~0.10–2.53 μΜ across K562, H460, and OVCAR8 cell lines. In addition, the retinal pigment epithelial cell line, RPE-Neo was used as a healthy cell line for comparison. Differential cellular uptake in cancer cells was observed for the compounds by measuring the intracellular accumulation of gold using ICP-OES. Furthermore, the compounds trigger early – late stage apoptosis through potential disruption of redox homeostasis. Complexes 1 and 3 induce predominant G1 cell cycle arrest. Results presented in this report suggest that stable gold-phosphine complexes with variable oxidation states hold promise in anticancer drug discovery and need further development.
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16
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Catalytic ring-closing reactions of gold compounds containing bis(phosphino)ferrocene ligands. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Jang H, Eom Y. Repurposing auranofin to combat uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:459-471. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.‐I. Jang
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences Soonchunhyang University Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Y.‐B. Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences Soonchunhyang University Asan Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences Soonchunhyang University Asan Republic of Korea
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18
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Abhishek S, Sivadas S, Satish M, Deeksha W, Rajakumara E. Dynamic Basis for Auranofin Drug Recognition by Thiol-Reductases of Human Pathogens and Intermediate Coordinated Adduct Formation with Catalytic Cysteine Residues. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9593-9602. [PMID: 31460050 PMCID: PMC6649031 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In all the living systems, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism provides resistance against internal and external oxidative stresses. Auranofin (AF), an FDA-approved gold [Au(I)]-conjugated drug, is known to selectively target thiol-reductases, key enzymes involved in ROS metabolism. AF has been successfully tested for its inhibitory activity through biochemical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, against a diverse range of pathogens including protozoa, nematodes, bacteria, and so forth. Cocrystal structures of thiol-reductases complexed with AF revealed that Au(I) was coordinately linked to catalytic cysteines, but the mechanism of transfer of Au(I) from AF to catalytic cysteines still remains unknown. In this study, we have employed computational approaches to understand the interaction of AF with thiol-reductases of selected human pathogens. A similar network of interactions of AF was observed in all the studied enzymes. Also, we have shown that tailor-made analogues of AF can be designed against selective thiol-reductases for targeted inhibition. Molecular dynamics studies show that the AF-intermediates, tetraacetylthioglucose (TAG)-gold, and triethylphosphine (TP)-gold, coordinately linked to one of catalytic cysteines, remain stable in the binding pocket of thiol-reductases for Leishmania infantum and Plasmodium falciparum (PfTrxR). This suggests that the TP and TAG moieties of AF may be sequentially eliminated during the transfer of Au(I) to catalytic cysteines of the receptor.
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19
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Mazzei L, Wenzel MN, Cianci M, Palombo M, Casini A, Ciurli S. Inhibition Mechanism of Urease by Au(III) Compounds Unveiled by X-ray Diffraction Analysis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:564-570. [PMID: 30996797 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nickel-dependent enzyme urease is a virulence factor for a large number of critical human pathogens, making this enzyme a potential target of therapeutics for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. In the search for novel urease inhibitors, five selected coordination and organometallic Au(III) compounds containing N∧N or C∧N and C∧N∧N ligands were tested for their inhibitory effects against Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) urease. The results showed potent inhibition effects with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The 2.14 Å resolution crystal structure of Sporosarcina pasteurii urease inhibited by the most effective Au(III) compound [Au(PbImMe)Cl2]PF6 (PbImMe = 1-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-benzimidazole) reveals the presence of two Au ions bound to the conserved triad αCys322/αHis323/αMet367. The binding of the Au ions to these residues blocks the movement of a flap, located at the edge of the active site channel and essential for enzyme catalysis, completely obliterating the catalytic activity of urease. Overall, the obtained results constitute the basis for the design of new gold complexes as selective urease inhibitors with future antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margot N. Wenzel
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Elkhaldy AAS, Gaikwad D, Staples RJ, Janen A, Boni Y. Synthesis, spectral characterization and antibacterial activity of O, O’-dialkyl and alkylene dithiophosphatogold (III)dichloride; crystal structure of [S 2POCMe 2CMe 2O]AuCl 2. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1521405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A. S. Elkhaldy
- Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics Department, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, USA
| | - Dnyaneshwar Gaikwad
- Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics Department, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, USA
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Crystallography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Afef Janen
- Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics Department, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, USA
| | - Yannic Boni
- Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics Department, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, USA
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21
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Marzo T, Cirri D, Pollini S, Prato M, Fallani S, Cassetta MI, Novelli A, Rossolini GM, Messori L. Auranofin and its Analogues Show Potent Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: Structure-Activity Relationships. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2448-2454. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Marzo
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI); University of Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC); Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Marco Prato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Stefania Fallani
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Maria Iris Cassetta
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Novelli
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC); Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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22
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Molecular interaction of novel benzothiazolyl triazolium analogues with calf thymus DNA and HSA-their biological investigation as potent antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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May HC, Yu JJ, Guentzel MN, Chambers JP, Cap AP, Arulanandam BP. Repurposing Auranofin, Ebselen, and PX-12 as Antimicrobial Agents Targeting the Thioredoxin System. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 29556223 PMCID: PMC5844926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As microbial resistance to drugs continues to rise at an alarming rate, finding new ways to combat pathogens is an issue of utmost importance. Development of novel and specific antimicrobial drugs is a time-consuming and expensive process. However, the re-purposing of previously tested and/or approved drugs could be a feasible way to circumvent this long and costly process. In this review, we evaluate the U.S. Food and Drug Administration tested drugs auranofin, ebselen, and PX-12 as antimicrobial agents targeting the thioredoxin system. These drugs have been shown to act on bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and helminth pathogens without significant toxicity to the host. We propose that the thioredoxin system could serve as a useful therapeutic target with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C. May
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - M. N. Guentzel
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - James P. Chambers
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew P. Cap
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Bernard P. Arulanandam
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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24
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Coussens NP, Molinaro AL, Culbertson KJ, Peryea T, Zahoránszky-Köhalmi G, Hall MD, Daines DA. Better living through chemistry: Addressing emerging antibiotic resistance. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:538-553. [PMID: 29409348 PMCID: PMC5882019 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218755659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is recognized as a major threat to human health worldwide. While the use of small molecule antibiotics has enabled many modern medical advances, it has also facilitated the development of resistant organisms. This minireview provides an overview of current small molecule drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans, the unintended consequences of antibiotic use, and the mechanisms that underlie the development of drug resistance. Promising new approaches and strategies to counter antibiotic-resistant bacteria with small molecules are highlighted. However, continued public investment in this area is critical to maintain an edge in our evolutionary "arms race" against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Impact statement The alarming increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a rapidly emerging threat to human health throughout the world. Historically, small molecule drugs have played a major role in controlling bacterial infections and they continue to offer tremendous potential in countering resistant organisms. This minireview provides a broad overview of the relevant issues, including the diversity of FDA-approved small molecule drugs and mechanisms of drug resistance, unintended consequences of antibiotic use, the current state of development for small molecule antibacterials and financial challenges that impact progress towards novel therapies. The content will be informative to diverse stakeholders, including clinicians, basic scientists, translational scientists and policy makers, and may be used as a bridge between these key players to advance the development of much-needed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Coussens
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ashley L Molinaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Kayla J Culbertson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Tyler Peryea
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Gergely Zahoránszky-Köhalmi
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dayle A Daines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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25
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Shahsavari HR, Fereidoonnezhad M, Niazi M, Mosavi ST, Habib Kazemi S, Kia R, Shirkhan S, Abdollahi Aghdam S, Raithby PR. Cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine N-oxide containing a 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene ligand: structural, computational and electrochemical studies. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2013-2022. [PMID: 28116396 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of new heteronuclear-platinum(ii) complexes containing a 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) ligand are described. The reaction of the known starting complex [PtMe(κ2N,C-bipyO-H)(SMe2)], A, in which bipyO-H is a cyclometalated rollover 2,2'-bipyridine N-oxide, with the dppf ligand in a 2 : 1 ratio or an equimolar ratio led to the formation of the corresponding binuclear complex [Pt2Me2(κ2N,C-bipyO-H)2(μ-dppf)], 1, or the mononuclear complex [PtMe(κ1C-bipyO-H)(dppf)], 2, respectively. According to the reaction conditions, the dppf ligand in 1 and 2 behaves as either a bridging or chelating ligand. All complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 2 was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method and it was shown that the chelating dppf ligand in this complex was arranged in a "synclinal-staggered" conformation. Also, the occurrence of intermolecular C-HCpObipyO-H interactions in the solid-state gave rise to an extended 1-D network. The electronic absorption spectra and the electrochemical behavior of these complexes are discussed. Density functional theory (DFT) was used for geometry optimization of the singlet states in solution and for electronic structure calculations. The analysis of the molecular orbital (MO) compositions in terms of occupied and unoccupied fragment orbitals in 2 was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Yousef Sobouti Blvd., Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran.
| | - Masood Fereidoonnezhad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. and Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Niazi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Yousef Sobouti Blvd., Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran.
| | - S Talaat Mosavi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Yousef Sobouti Blvd., Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran.
| | - Sayed Habib Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Yousef Sobouti Blvd., Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran.
| | - Reza Kia
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shima Shirkhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Siamak Abdollahi Aghdam
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Yousef Sobouti Blvd., Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran.
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, UK
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26
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Fereidoonnezhad M, Shahsavari HR, Lotfi E, Babaghasabha M, Fakhri M, Faghih Z, Faghih Z, Hassan Beyzavi M. (Benzyl isocyanide)gold(I) pyrimidine‐2‐thiolate complex: Synthesis and biological activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masood Fereidoonnezhad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Hamid R. Shahsavari
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Yousef Sobouti Blvd Zanjan 45137‐66731 Iran
| | - Elaheh Lotfi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Mojgan Babaghasabha
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Yousef Sobouti Blvd Zanjan 45137‐66731 Iran
| | - Motahareh Fakhri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghih
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - M. Hassan Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 U.S.A
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27
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Liao X, Yang F, Li H, So PK, Yao Z, Xia W, Sun H. Targeting the Thioredoxin Reductase-Thioredoxin System from Staphylococcus aureus by Silver Ions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14823-14830. [PMID: 29182243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, which is composed of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and thioredoxin (Trx), is one of the major disulfide reductase systems used by bacteria against oxidative stress. In particular, this reductase system is crucial for the survival of the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which lacks a natural glutathione/glutaredoxin (Grx) system. Although silver ions and silver-containing materials have been used as antibacterial agents for centuries, the antibacterial mechanism of silver is not well-understood. Herein, we demonstrate that silver ions bind to the active sites of S. aureus TrxR and Trx with dissociation constants of 1.4 ± 0.1 μM and 15.0 ± 5.0 μM and stoichiometries of 1 and 2 Ag+ ions per protein, respectively. Importantly, silver ion binding leads to oligomerization and functional disruption of TrxR as well as Trx. Silver also depleted intracellular thiol levels in S. aureus, disrupting bacterial thiol-redox homeostasis. Our study provides new insights into the antibacterial mechanism of silver ions. Moreover, the Trx and TrxR system might serve as a feasible target for the design of antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China , 510275.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Ethnic Dong Medicine Research, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua, China , 418000
| | - Fang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China , 510275
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory for Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhongping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China , 510275
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China , 510275.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Schmidt C, Karge B, Misgeld R, Prokop A, Brönstrup M, Ott I. Biscarbene gold(i) complexes: structure-activity-relationships regarding antibacterial effects, cytotoxicity, TrxR inhibition and cellular bioavailability. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1681-1689. [PMID: 30108879 PMCID: PMC6072206 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of gold(i) complexes with two N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (biscarbene gold complexes) were prepared and evaluated for their effects against cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. Proliferation inhibition was observed in cancer cells and in Gram-positive bacteria, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were less sensitive towards the compounds. The protein binding and cellular uptake were quantified and the combined results indicated a strong correlation between cellular bioavailability and antiproliferative effects. The biscarbene gold complexes inhibited bacterial and mammalian TrxRs with low to moderate potency. However, based on the obtained structure-activity-relationships and the high cellular accumulation levels, TrxR inhibition can be considered as a relevant contributor to the cellular pharmacology of biscarbene gold(i) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Beethovenstr. 55 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany .
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Inhoffenstr. 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Rainer Misgeld
- Department of Pediatric Oncology , Children's Hospital Cologne , Amsterdamer Strasse 59 , 50735 Cologne , Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Oncology , Children's Hospital Cologne , Amsterdamer Strasse 59 , 50735 Cologne , Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Inhoffenstr. 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Beethovenstr. 55 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany .
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Li Q, Yuan Q, Zhao M, Yao Y, Gao L, Liu R, Wang Y, Gong Y, Gao F, Gao X. Au nanoclusters suppress chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase 1 to induce intracellular oxidative stress and apoptosis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:537-545. [PMID: 36659361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a rare blood cancer that always relapses as refractory disease and eventually leads to death. To date, therapeutic options for CLL patients are scarce and there is an urgent need to develop novel chemotherapeutics that are both effective and safe. Gold-containing compounds induce a lethal oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress response in cultured and primary CLL cells via inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). However, traditional gold-containing medicines have revealed side effects during clinical applications. Therefore, safer gold-containing drugs are needed to overcome this challenge. In this study, a novel peptide templated gold cluster Au25Sv9 was synthesized and its therapeutic effect on CLL cells was evaluated. This nanocluster could induce cell apoptosis in MEC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner which correlated with the uptake amount of clusters in cells. As expected, increasing intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) in MEC-1 cells was exhibited with the increase of cluster dosage. Further analyses demonstrated the underlying mechanism that the nanoclusters suppress the activity of TrxR1, increase the level of intracellular ROS, destroy the mitochondrial membrane potential and finally trigger the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in MEC-1 cells. Furthermore, the direct interaction between Au25Sv9 clusters and TrxR1 was confirmed for the first time by isothermal titration calorimetry. These findings explored the preclinical efficacy and potential mechanism of gold clusters in CLL therapy and provided a fundamental reference for the development of other novel gold-containing chemotherapeutics to treat CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mohan Zhao
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawen Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Gong
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xueyun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Thangamani S, Maland M, Mohammad H, Pascuzzi PE, Avramova L, Koehler CM, Hazbun TR, Seleem MN. Repurposing Approach Identifies Auranofin with Broad Spectrum Antifungal Activity That Targets Mia40-Erv1 Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:4. [PMID: 28149831 PMCID: PMC5241286 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antifungal therapies have limited effectiveness in treating invasive fungal infections. Furthermore, the development of new antifungal is currently unable to keep pace with the urgent demand for safe and effective new drugs. Auranofin, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits growth of a diverse array of clinical isolates of fungi and represents a new antifungal agent with a previously unexploited mechanism of action. In addition to auranofin's potent antifungal activity against planktonic fungi, this drug significantly reduces the metabolic activity of Candida cells encased in a biofilm. Unbiased chemogenomic profiling, using heterozygous S. cerevisiae deletion strains, combined with growth assays revealed three probable targets for auranofin's antifungal activity—mia40, acn9, and coa4. Mia40 is of particular interest given its essential role in oxidation of cysteine rich proteins imported into the mitochondria. Biochemical analysis confirmed auranofin targets the Mia40-Erv1 pathway as the drug inhibited Mia40 from interacting with its substrate, Cmc1, in a dose-dependent manner similar to the control, MB-7. Furthermore, yeast mitochondria overexpressing Erv1 were shown to exhibit resistance to auranofin as an increase in Cmc1 import was observed compared to wild-type yeast. Further in vivo antifungal activity of auranofin was examined in a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model of Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Auranofin significantly reduced the fungal load in infected C. elegans. Collectively, the present study provides valuable evidence that auranofin has significant promise to be repurposed as a novel antifungal agent and may offer a safe, effective, and quick supplement to current approaches for treating fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Maland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haroon Mohammad
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pete E Pascuzzi
- Purdue University Libraries, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Larisa Avramova
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Carla M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tony R Hazbun
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious DiseasesWest Lafayette, IN, USA
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31
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In vitro antibacterial and time kill evaluation of mononuclear phosphanegold(I) dithiocarbamates. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Screening a Commercial Library of Pharmacologically Active Small Molecules against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5663-72. [PMID: 27401577 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00377-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that bacterial infections are often associated with biofilm phenotypes that demonstrate increased resistance to common antimicrobials. Further, due to the collective attrition of new antibiotic development programs by the pharmaceutical industries, drug repurposing is an attractive alternative. In this work, we screened 1,280 existing commercially available drugs in the Prestwick Chemical Library, some with previously unknown antimicrobial activity, against Staphylococcus aureus, one of the commonly encountered causative pathogens of burn and wound infections. From the primary screen of the entire Prestwick Chemical Library at a fixed concentration of 10 μM, 104 drugs were found to be effective against planktonic S. aureus strains, and not surprisingly, these were mostly antimicrobials and antiseptics. The activity of 18 selected repurposing candidates, that is, drugs that show antimicrobial activity that are not already considered antimicrobials, observed in the primary screen was confirmed in dose-response experiments. Finally, a subset of nine of these drug candidates was tested against preformed biofilms of S. aureus We found that three of these drugs, niclosamide, carmofur, and auranofin, possessed antimicrobial activity against preformed biofilms, making them attractive candidates for repurposing as novel antibiofilm therapies.
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Das S, Dasgupta A, Chopra S. Drug repurposing: a new front in the war against Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1091-9. [PMID: 27494302 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus continues its domination of worldwide bacterial infection rates, thereby remaining a pathogen of significant public health interest. A major reason for its continued success is its ability to acquire and maintain diverse drug resistance mechanisms, leading to a paucity of antimicrobials active against it, concomitantly leading to a continuous search for new antimicrobial agents. However, with the withdrawal of the major pharmaceutical firms from the anti-infective area, drug repurposing has provided a potential boost to the drug pipeline. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently approved drugs with repurposing potential against Staphylococcus aureus, thus augmenting the classical drug discovery pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetarka Das
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Andermark V, Göke K, Kokoschka M, Abu el Maaty MA, Lum CT, Zou T, Sun RWY, Aguiló E, Oehninger L, Rodríguez L, Bunjes H, Wölfl S, Che CM, Ott I. Alkynyl gold(I) phosphane complexes: Evaluation of structure–activity-relationships for the phosphane ligands, effects on key signaling proteins and preliminary in-vivo studies with a nanoformulated complex. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Owings JP, McNair NN, Mui YF, Gustafsson TN, Holmgren A, Contel M, Goldberg JB, Mead JR. Auranofin and N-heterocyclic carbene gold-analogs are potent inhibitors of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw148. [PMID: 27279627 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Auranofin is an FDA-approved gold-containing compound used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Recent reports of antimicrobial activity against protozoa and bacteria indicate that auranofin targets the reductive enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). We evaluated auranofin as well as five auranofin analogs containing N-heterocyclic carbenes (instead of the triethylphosphane present in auranofin) and five gold-carbene controls for their ability to inhibit or kill Helicobacter pylori in vitro Auranofin completely inhibited bacterial growth at 1.2 μM. Purified H. pylori TrxR was inhibited by auranofin in a cell-free assay (IC50 ∼88 nM). The most active gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene compounds exhibited MICs comparable to auranofin against H. pylori (2 μM), while also exhibiting lower toxicities for human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T cells). Median toxic concentrations (TC50) were 13-20-fold higher compared to auranofin indicating that they were less cytotoxic. The N-heterocyclic carbene analogs maybe well tolerated, but further evaluation is needed in vivo Finally, auranofin was synergistic with the antibiotic amoxicillin, suggesting that targeting both the reductive enzyme TrxR and cell wall synthesis may be effective against H. pylori infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Owings
- Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA
| | - Nina N McNair
- Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA Department of Medical Research, Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Yiu Fung Mui
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA Chemistry and Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tomas N Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA Chemistry and Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA
| | - Jan R Mead
- Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA Department of Medical Research, Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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36
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Wiederhold NP, Patterson TF, Srinivasan A, Chaturvedi AK, Fothergill AW, Wormley FL, Ramasubramanian AK, Lopez-Ribot JL. Repurposing auranofin as an antifungal: In vitro activity against a variety of medically important fungi. Virulence 2016; 8:138-142. [PMID: 27268469 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1196301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Repositioning old drugs can significantly decrease the time and effort that it takes to develop novel antifungal therapeutics, which represents a pressing and unmet clinical need due to the devastating nature of fungal infections. We have previously described the activity of auranofin, a gold thiol compound used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, against Candida albicans biofilms. Here we evaluate its antifungal spectrum of action and describe its activity against a variety of medically important fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Wiederhold
- a Department of Pathology , The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Thomas F Patterson
- b Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.,c South Texas Veterans Health Care System , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Anand Srinivasan
- d Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.,e South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Ashok K Chaturvedi
- e South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.,f Department of Biology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Annette W Fothergill
- a Department of Pathology , The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Floyd L Wormley
- e South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.,f Department of Biology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Anand K Ramasubramanian
- d Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.,e South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - José L Lopez-Ribot
- e South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.,f Department of Biology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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37
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Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of auranofin against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22571. [PMID: 26936660 PMCID: PMC4776257 DOI: 10.1038/srep22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods employed to discover new antibiotics are both a time-consuming and financially-taxing venture. This has led researchers to mine existing libraries of clinical molecules in order to repurpose old drugs for new applications (as antimicrobials). Such an effort led to the discovery of auranofin, a drug initially approved as an anti-rheumatic agent, which also possesses potent antibacterial activity in a clinically achievable range. The present study demonstrates auranofin’s antibacterial activity is a complex process that involves inhibition of multiple biosynthetic pathways including cell wall, DNA, and bacterial protein synthesis. We also confirmed that the lack of activity of auranofin observed against Gram-negative bacteria is due to the permeability barrier conferred by the outer membrane. Auranofin’s ability to suppress bacterial protein synthesis leads to significant reduction in the production of key methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) toxins. Additionally, auranofin is capable of eradicating intracellular MRSA present inside infected macrophage cells. Furthermore, auranofin is efficacious in a mouse model of MRSA systemic infection and significantly reduces the bacterial load in murine organs including the spleen and liver. Collectively, this study provides valuable evidence that auranofin has significant promise to be repurposed as a novel antibacterial for treatment of invasive bacterial infections.
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38
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Azizpoor Fard M, Rabiee Kenaree A, Boyle PD, Ragogna PJ, Gilroy JB, Corrigan JF. Coinage metal coordination chemistry of stable primary, secondary and tertiary ferrocenylethyl-based phosphines. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2868-80. [PMID: 26792103 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene-based phosphines constitute an important auxiliary ligand in inorganic chemistry. Utilizing the (ferrocenylethyl)phosphines (FcCH2CH2)3-nHnP (Fc = ferrocenyl; n = 2, 1; n = 1, 2; n = 0, 3) the synthesis of a series of coordination complexes [(FcCH2CH2)3-nHnPCuCl]4 (n = 2, 1-CuCl; n = 0, 3-CuCl), [(FcCH2CH2)2HPCuCl] (2-CuCl), {[(FcCH2CH2)H2P]2AgCl}2 (1-AgCl), [(FcCH2CH2)2HPAgCl] (2-AgCl), [(FcCH2CH2)3PAgCl]4 (3-AgCl), [(FcCH2CH2)3PM(OAc)]4 (M = Cu, 3-CuOAc M = Ag, 3-AgOAc), [(FcCH2CH2)3-nHnPAuCl] (n = 1, 2-AuCl; n = 0, 3-AuCl), via the reaction between the free phosphine and MX (M = Cu, Ag and Au; X = Cl, OAc), is described. The reaction between the respective phosphine with a suspension of metal-chloride or -acetate in a 1 : 1 ratio in THF at ambient temperature affords coordinated phosphine-coinage metal complexes. Varying structural motifs are observed in the solid state, as determined via single crystal X-ray analysis of 1-CuCl, 3-CuCl, 1-AgCl, 3-AgCl, 3-CuOAc, 3-AgOAc, 2-AuCl and 3-AuCl. Complexes 1-CuCl and 3-CuCl are tetrameric Cu(i) cubane-like structures with a Cu4Cl4 core, whereas silver complexes with primary and tertiary phosphine reveal two different structural types. The structure of 1-AgCl, unlike the rest, displays the coordination of two phosphines to each silver atom and shows a quadrangle defined by two Ag and two Cl atoms. In contrast, 3-AgCl is distorted from a cubane structure via elongation of one of the ClAg distances. 3-CuOAc and 3-AgOAc are isostructural with step-like cores, while complexes 2-AuCl and 3-AuCl reveal a linear geometry of a phosphine gold(i) chloride devoid of any aurophilic interactions. All of the complexes were characterized in solution by multinuclear (1)H, (13)C{(1)H} and (31)P NMR spectroscopic techniques; the redox chemistry of the series of complexes was examined using cyclic voltammetry. This class of complexes has been found to exhibit one reversible Fe(ii)/Fe(iii) oxidation couple, suggesting the absence of electronic communication between the ferrocenyl units on individual phosphine ligands as well as between different phosphines on the polymetallic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azizpoor Fard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5B7
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39
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Thangamani S, Mohammad H, Abushahba MFN, Sobreira TJP, Seleem MN. Repurposing auranofin for the treatment of cutaneous staphylococcal infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:195-201. [PMID: 26895605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The scourge of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections necessitates the urgent development of novel antimicrobials to address this public health challenge. Drug repurposing is a proven strategy to discover new antimicrobial agents; given that these agents have undergone extensive toxicological and pharmacological analysis, repurposing is an effective method to reduce the time, cost and risk associated with traditional antibiotic innovation. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of an antirheumatic drug, auranofin, was investigated against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that auranofin possesses potent antibacterial activity against all tested strains of S. aureus, including meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.0625μg/mL to 0.125μg/mL. In vivo, topical auranofin proved superior to conventional antimicrobials, including fusidic acid and mupirocin, in reducing the mean bacterial load in infected wounds in a murine model of MRSA skin infection. In addition to reducing the bacterial load, topical treatment of auranofin greatly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in infected skin lesions. Moreover, auranofin significantly disrupted established in vitro biofilms of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, more so than the traditional antimicrobials linezolid and vancomycin. Taken together, these results support that auranofin has potential to be repurposed as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of staphylococcal skin and wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Haroon Mohammad
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mostafa F N Abushahba
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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40
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Auranofin-loaded nanoparticles as a new therapeutic tool to fight streptococcal infections. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19525. [PMID: 26776881 PMCID: PMC4726118 DOI: 10.1038/srep19525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) can improve infection treatment by ensuring drug concentration at the right place within the therapeutic window. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs are able to enhance drug localization in target site and to sustainably release the entrapped molecule, reducing the secondary effects caused by systemic antibiotic administration. We have loaded auranofin, a gold compound traditionally used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, into PLGA NPs and their efficiency as antibacterial agent against two Gram-positive pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes was evaluated. Auranofin-PLGA NPs showed a strong bactericidal effect as cultures of multiresistant pneumococcal strains were practically sterilized after 6 h of treatment with such auranofin-NPs at 0.25 μM. Moreover, this potent bactericidal effect was also observed in S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes biofilms, where the same concentration of auranofin-NPs was capable of decreasing the bacterial population about 4 logs more than free auranofin. These results were validated using a zebrafish embryo model demonstrating that treatment with auranofin loaded into NPs achieved a noticeable survival against pneumococcal infections. All these approaches displayed a clear superiority of loaded auranofin PLGA nanocarriers compared to free administration of the drug, which supports their potential application for the treatment of streptococcal infections.
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Ataee RA, Kashefi R, Alishiri GH, Esmaieli D. Assay of Blood and Synovial Fluid of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis for Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin D: Absence of Bacteria But Presence of Its Toxin. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e28395. [PMID: 26870313 PMCID: PMC4746793 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.28395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease. The staphylococcal superantigens are considered as the causative agent of RA disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin D in synovial fluid and blood of patients with RA. Patients and Methods: A total of 120 blood and SF samples of patients with RA were studied. Bacterial culture, primer pairs design, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods have been used to assess of the staphylococcal enterotoxin D. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: During this study and after sequential subcultures, only 5 bacterial strains were isolated. The results of PCR showed the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin D gene in almost 50% of SF and also in 48.4% of blood samples of patients with RA. Similarly, the ELISA method detected staphylococcal enterotoxin D in 36.16% of SF and in 33.33% of blood of patients with RA. Conclusions: The result of this study showed that a high percentage of patients with RA have shown staphylococcal enterotoxin D (superantigen D) or entD gene in SF and in blood. However, the origin of this superantigen was not clarified and no Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin D producer was isolated. This finding indicates other role of this superantigen besides its intoxication. Therefore, staphylococcal enterotoxin D as a biomarker may provide a good model for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramezan Ali Ataee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reyhane Kashefi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Reyhane Kashefi, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-989122190418, Fax: +98-2126127258, E-mail:
| | - Gholam Hossein Alishiri
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaieli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Abstract
Drug discovery, development and registration is an expensive and time-consuming process associated with a high failure rate [Pessetto et al. (Mol Cancer Ther 12:1299-1309, 2013), Woodcock and Woosley (Annu Rev Med 59:1-12, 2008)]. Drug 'repurposing' is the identification of new therapeutic purposes for already approved drugs and is more affordable and achievable than novel drug discovery [Pessetto et al. (Mol Cancer Ther 12:1299-1309, 2013)]. Auranofin is a drug that is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but is being investigated for potential therapeutic application in a number of other diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, HIV/AIDS, parasitic infections and bacterial infections [Tejman-Yarden et al. (Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57:2029-2035, 2013)]. The main mechanism of action of auranofin is through the inhibition of reduction/oxidation (redox) enzymes that are essential for maintaining intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Inhibition of these enzymes leads to cellular oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptosis [Pessetto et al. (Mol Cancer Ther 12:1299-1309, 2013), Fan et al. (Cell Death Dis 5:e1191, 2014), Fiskus et al. (Cancer Res 74:2520-2532, 2014), Marzano et al. (Free Radic Biol Med 42:872-881, 2007)]. Drugs such as auranofin that have already been approved for human use [Tejman-Yarden et al. (Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57:2029-2035, 2013)] can be brought into clinical use for other diseases relatively quickly and for a fraction of the cost of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Roder
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia,
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Morjan RY, Al-Attar NH, Abu-Teim OS, Ulrich M, Awadallah AM, Mkadmh AM, Elmanama AA, Raftery J, Abu-Awwad FM, Yaseen ZJ, Elqidrea AF, Gardiner JM. Synthesis, antibacterial and QSAR evaluation of 5-oxo and 5-thio derivatives of 1,4-disubstituted tetrazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4024-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aguinagalde L, Díez-Martínez R, Yuste J, Royo I, Gil C, Lasa Í, Martín-Fontecha M, Marín-Ramos NI, Ardanuy C, Liñares J, García P, García E, Sánchez-Puelles JM. Auranofin efficacy against MDR Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2608-17. [PMID: 26142477 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auranofin is an FDA-approved, gold-containing compound in clinical use for the oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and has been recently granted by the regulatory authorities due to its antiprotozoal properties. METHODS A reprofiling strategy was performed with a Streptococcus pneumoniae phenotypic screen and a proprietary library of compounds, consisting of both FDA-approved and unapproved bioactive compounds. Two different multiresistant S. pneumoniae strains were employed in a sepsis mouse model of infection. In addition, an MRSA strain was tested using both the thigh model and a mesh-associated biofilm infection in mice. RESULTS The repurposing approach showed the high potency of auranofin against multiresistant clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Efficacy in the S. pneumoniae sepsis model was obtained using auranofin by the oral route in the dose ranges used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Thioglucose replacement by alkyl chains showed that this moiety was not essential for the antibacterial activity and led to the discovery of a new gold derivative (MH05) with remarkable activity in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Auranofin and the new gold derivative MH05 showed encouraging in vivo activity against multiresistant clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The clinical management of auranofin, alone or in combination with other antibiotics, deserves further exploration before use in patients presenting therapeutic failure caused by infections with multiresistant Gram-positive pathogens. Decades of clinical use mean that this compound is safe to use and may accelerate its evaluation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Aguinagalde
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Department of Bacteriology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Díez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Yuste
- Department of Bacteriology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Royo
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Instituto de Agrobiología, Universidad Pública de Navarra, CSIC, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Íñigo Lasa
- Instituto de Agrobiología, Universidad Pública de Navarra, CSIC, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mar Martín-Fontecha
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Isabel Marín-Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM and CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Liñares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Sánchez-Puelles
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Ortego L, Gonzalo-Asensio J, Laguna A, Villacampa MD, Gimeno MC. (Aminophosphane)gold(I) and silver(I) complexes as antibacterial agents. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 146:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Auranofin exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal activities by targeting thiol-redox homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4453-8. [PMID: 25831516 PMCID: PMC4394260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504022112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a rising public health threat and make the identification of new antibiotics a priority. From a cell-based screen for bactericidal compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis under nutrient-deprivation conditions we identified auranofin, an orally bioavailable FDA-approved antirheumatic drug, as having potent bactericidal activities against both replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis. We also found that auranofin is active against other Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis, and drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. Our biochemical studies showed that auranofin inhibits the bacterial thioredoxin reductase, a protein essential in many Gram-positive bacteria for maintaining the thiol-redox balance and protecting against reactive oxidative species. Auranofin decreases the reducing capacity of target bacteria, thereby sensitizing them to oxidative stress. Finally, auranofin was efficacious in a murine model of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection. These results suggest that the thioredoxin-mediated redox cascade of Gram-positive pathogens is a valid target for the development of antibacterial drugs, and that the existing clinical agent auranofin may be repurposed to aid in the treatment of several important antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Dai LL, Zhang HZ, Nagarajan S, Rasheed S, Zhou CH. Synthesis of tetrazole compounds as a novel type of potential antimicrobial agents and their synergistic effects with clinical drugs and interactions with calf thymus DNA. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00266k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, MS and HRMS spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Dai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Hui-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Sangaraiah Nagarajan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Syed Rasheed
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
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