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Suitable Polymeric Coatings to Avoid Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Hybridization in Printed Patterns of Photothermally Responsive Gold Nanoinks. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112499. [PMID: 32471310 PMCID: PMC7321298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When using gold nanoparticle (AuNP) inks for writing photothermal readable secure information, it is of utmost importance to obtain a sharp and stable shape of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption bands in the prints. The T increase at a given irradiation wavelength (ΔTλ) is the retrieved information when printed patterns are interrogated with a laser source. As ΔTλ is proportional to the absorbance at the wavelength λ, any enlargement or change of the absorbance peak shape in a printed pattern would lead to wrong or unreliable reading. With the aim of preparing AuNP inks suitable for inkjet printing of patterns with stable and reliable photothermal reading, we prepared liquid solutions of spherical AuNP coated with a series of different polymers and with or without additional dispersant. The optical stability of the inks and of the printed patterns were checked by monitoring the shape changes of the sharp LSPR absorption band of AuNP in the visible (λmax 519 nm) along weeks of ageing. AuNP coated with neutral polyethylenglycol thiols (HS-PEG) of mw 2000–20000 showed a strong tendency to rapidly agglomerate in the dry prints. The close contact between agglomerated AuNP resulted in the loss of the pristine shape of the LSPR band, that flattened and enlarged with the further appearance of a second maximum in the Near IR, due to plasmon hybridization. The tendency to agglomerate was found directly proportional to the PEG mw. Addition of the ethylcellulose (EC) dispersant to inks resulted in an even stronger and faster tendency to LSPR peak shape deformation in the prints due to EC hydrophobicity, that induced AuNP segregation and promoted agglomeration. The introduction of a charge on the AuNP coating revelead to be the correct way to avoid agglomeration and obtain printed patterns with a sharp LSPR absorption band, stable with ageing. While the use of a simple PEG thiol with a terminal negative charge, HS-PEGCOO(−) (mw 3000), was not sufficient, overcoating with the positively charged polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and further overcoating with the negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) yielded AuNP@HS-PEGCOO(−)/PAH(+) and AuNP@HS-PEGCOO(−)/PAH(+)/PSS(−), both giving stable prints. With these inks we have shown that it is possible to write photothermally readable secure information. In particular, the generation of reliable three-wavelength photothemal barcodes has been demonstrated.
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Mousavi SM, Zarei M, Hashemi SA, Ramakrishna S, Chiang WH, Lai CW, Gholami A. Gold nanostars-diagnosis, bioimaging and biomedical applications. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:299-318. [PMID: 32150480 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1734021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold Nanostars (GNS) have attracted tremendous attention toward themselves owing to their multi-branched structure and unique properties. These state of the art metallic nanoparticles possess intrinsic features like remarkable optical properties and exceptional physiochemical activities. These star-shaped gold nanoparticles can predominantly be utilized in biosensing, photothermal therapy, imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and target drug delivery applications due to their low toxicity and extraordinary optical features. In the current review, recent approaches in the matter of GNS in case of diagnosis, bioimaging and biomedical applications were summarized and reported. In this regard, first an overview about the structure and general properties of GNS were reported and thence detailed information regarding the diagnostic, bioimaging, photothermal therapy, and drug delivery applications of such novel nanomaterials were presented in detail. Summarized information clearly highlighting the superior capability of GNS as potential multi-functional materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maryam Zarei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Li X, Tang Y, Chen C, Qiu D, Cao Y. PEGylated gold nanorods are not cytotoxic to human endothelial cells but affect kruppel-like factor signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114758. [PMID: 31521728 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gold (Au) nanomaterials (NMs), particularly those with PEG surface functionalization, are generally considered to be biocompatible for biomedical applications due to relatively low cytotoxicity. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of PEGylated Au nanorods (NRs) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a commonly used in vitro model for human endothelium. We found a previously unknown effect that up to 10 μg/mL Au NRs, albeit not cytotoxic, decreased the mRNA and protein levels of kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a transcription factor with well-documented vasoprotective effects. The results from PCR array showed that a number of genes associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases were altered by Au NRs, and several genes are downstream genes of KLF2 according to ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). These effects could be observed with or without the presence of inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which suggests a pre-existing inflammatory state is not required for Au NRs to alter KLF2 signaling pathway. We further identified that Au NRs significantly decreased eNOS mRNA/p-eNOS proteins as well as increased MCP-1 mRNA/sMCP-1 release, which are targets of KLF2. Combined, our data revealed a novel pathway that PEGylated Au NPs at non-cytotoxic concentrations might alter KLF leading to the increase of risk of cardiovascular diseases in human endothelial cells. Given the importance of KLF in vascular homeostasis, our data indicate that it is necessary to evaluate the influence of engineered NPs to KLF signaling pathways, especially for NPs with biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuanfang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dexin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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Rovati D, Albini B, Galinetto P, Grisoli P, Bassi B, Pallavicini P, Dacarro G, Taglietti A. High Stability Thiol-Coated Gold Nanostars Monolayers with Photo-Thermal Antibacterial Activity and Wettability Control. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1288. [PMID: 31505833 PMCID: PMC6781089 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion and proliferation of bacteria on abiotic surfaces pose challenges in both health care and industrial applications. Gold nanostars (GNSs) monolayers grafted on glass have demonstrated to exert antibacterial action due to their photo-thermal features. Here, these GNS layers were further functionalized using thiols monolayers, in order to impart different wettability to the surfaces and thus adding a feature that could help to fight bacterial proliferation. Thiol that has different functional groups was used and the thiol-protected surfaces were characterized by means of UV-vis spectroscopy, contact angles, SEM and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We verified that (i) coating with the proper thiol allows us to impart high hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity to the surfaces (with contact angle values ranging from 10 to 120°); (ii) GNS monolayers are strongly stabilized by functionalization with thiols, with shelf stability increasing from a few weeks to more than three months and (iii) photo-thermal features and subsequent antibacterial effects caused by hyperthermia are not changed by thiols layers, allowing us to kill at least 99.99% of representative bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rovati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Albini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Galinetto
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Grisoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Dacarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Taglietti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Bassi B, Dacarro G, Galinetto P, Giulotto E, Marchesi N, Pallavicini P, Pascale A, Perversi S, Taglietti A. Tailored coating of gold nanostars: rational approach to prototype of theranostic device based on SERS and photothermal effects at ultralow irradiance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:235301. [PMID: 29547134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab74f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has come across an increasing demand for theranostic biocompatible nanodevices possessing the double ability of diagnosis and therapy. In this work, we report the design, synthesis and step-by-step characterization of rationally coated gold nanostars (GNSs) for the SERS imaging and photothermal therapy of HeLa cancer cells. The nanodevices were realized by synthesizing GNSs with a seed growth approach, coating them with a controlled mixture of thiols composed of a Raman reporter and a polyethylene glycol with a terminal amino group, and then reacting these amino groups with folic acid (FA), in order to impart selectivity towards cancer cells which overexpress folate receptors on their membranes. After a complete characterization, we demonstrate that these FA-functionalized GNSs (FA-GNSs) are able to bind selectively to the membranes of HeLa cells, acting as SERS tags and allowing SERS imaging. Moreover, we demonstrate that once bound to HeLa cell membranes, FA-GNSs exhibit photothermal effect which can be exploited to kill the same cells in vitro using laser irradiation in the NIR at a very low and safe irradiance. We thus demonstrate that the FA-GNSs designed following the described approach are an efficient prototype of theranostic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sezione di Chimica Generale, Università di Pavia, viale Taramelli, 12-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Synthesis of reduced-size gold nanostars and internalization in SH-SY5Y cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:1055-1064. [PMID: 28697545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of large pentatwinned five-branched gold nanostars (GNS) has been modified so to obtain overall dimensions shrunk to 60% and a lower branches aspect ratio, leading to a dramatic blue shift of their two near-infrared (NIR) localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) absorptions but still maintaining one LSPR in the biotransparent NIR range. The interactions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated large and shrunk GNS with SH-SY5Y cells revealed that the large ones (DCI - diameter of the circumference in which GNS can be inscribed=76nm) are internalized more efficiently than the shrunk ones (DCI=46nm), correlating with a decreased cells surviving fraction.
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Sardo C, Bassi B, Craparo EF, Scialabba C, Cabrini E, Dacarro G, D’Agostino A, Taglietti A, Giammona G, Pallavicini P, Cavallaro G. Gold nanostar–polymer hybrids for siRNA delivery: Polymer design towards colloidal stability and in vitro studies on breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:113-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bassi B, Taglietti A, Galinetto P, Marchesi N, Pascale A, Cabrini E, Pallavicini P, Dacarro G. Tunable coating of gold nanostars: tailoring robust SERS labels for cell imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:265302. [PMID: 27199302 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/26/265302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of noble metal nanoparticles with mixed molecular monolayers is one of the most powerful tools in nanotechnology, and is used to impart and tune new complex surface properties. In imaging techniques based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), precise and controllable surface modifications are needed to carefully design reproducible, robust and adjustable SERS nanoprobes. We report here the attainment of SERS labels based on gold nanostars (GNSs) coated with a mixed monolayer composed of a poly ethylene glycol (PEG) thiol (neutral or negatively charged) that ensure stability in biological environments, and of a signalling unit 7-Mercapto-4-methylcoumarin as a Raman reporter molecule. The composition of the coating mixture is precisely controlled using an original method, allowing the modulation of the SERS intensity and ensuring overall nanoprobe stability. The further addition of a positively charged layer of poly (allylamine hydrocloride) on the surface of negatively charged SERS labels does not change the SERS response, but it promotes the penetration of GNSs in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. As an example of an application of such an approach, we demonstrate here the internalization of these new labels by means of visualization of cell morphology obtained with SERS mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sezione di Chimica Generale, Università di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Galli M, Moschini E, Dozzi MV, Arosio P, Panigati M, D'Alfonso L, Mantecca P, Lascialfari A, D'Alfonso G, Maggioni D. SPIO@SiO2–Re@PEG nanoparticles as magneto-optical dual probes and sensitizers for photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A superparamagnetic iron oxide core and a photoluminescent rhenium complex embedded in a silica shell are the active components of a dual magneto-optical nanoprobe, also able to generate singlet oxygen upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano
- Italy
| | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
| | - Monica Panigati
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
| | - Laura D'Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano
- Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
- 20126 Milano
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Lascialfari
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
| | - Giuseppe D'Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
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Sasidharan S, Bahadur D, Srivastava R. Albumin stabilized gold nanostars: a biocompatible nanoplatform for SERS, CT imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin stabilization of gold nanostars, which demonstrate high stability, biocompatibility, superior CT contrast, SERS and photothermal cytotoxicity towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhirendra Bahadur
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
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Pallavicini P, Cabrini E, Casu A, Dacarro G, Diaz-Fernandez YA, Falqui A, Milanese C, Vita F. Silane-coated magnetic nanoparticles with surface thiol functions for conjugation with gold nanostars. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:21088-98. [PMID: 26594047 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02812d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small (d∼ 8 nm) magnetite nanoparticles, Fe3O4NP, are prepared and coated with mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS) to form Fe3O4NP@MPTS. In the coating step controlled MPTS/Fe3O4NP molar ratios are used, ranging from 1 to 7.8 × 10(4). The total quantity of MPTS per Fe3O4NP is determined by SEM-EDS analysis and the average number of free, reactive -SH groups per Fe3O4NP is calculated by a colorimetric method. At very low molar ratios MPTS forms a submonolayer on the Fe3O4NP surface with all -SH free to react, while on increasing the MPTS/Fe3O4NP molar ratio the (CH3O)3Si- groups of MPTS polymerize, forming a progressively thicker shell, in which only a small fraction of the -SH groups, positioned on the shell surface, is available for further reaction. The MPTS shell reduces the magnetic interactions occurring between the magnetite cores, lowering the occurrence and strength of collective magnetic states, with Fe3O4NP@MPTS showing the typical behaviour expected for a sample with a mono-modal size distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Interaction of Fe3O4NP@MPTS with gold nanostars (GNS) was tested, using both Fe3O4NP@MPTS with a MPTS submonolayer and with increasing shell thickness. Provided that a good balance is used between the number of available -SH and the overall size of Fe3O4NP@MPTS, the free thiols of such nanoparticles bind GNS decorating their surface, as shown by UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM imaging.
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