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Gautam A, Gomez A, Mendoza Rengifo E, George GN, Pickering IJ, Gailer J. Structural Characterization of Toxicologically Relevant Cd 2+-L-Cysteine Complexes. TOXICS 2023; 11:294. [PMID: 37112521 PMCID: PMC10144473 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of humans to Cd exerts adverse human health effects at low chronic exposure doses, but the underlying biomolecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. To gain insight into the toxicologically relevant chemistry of Cd2+ in the bloodstream, we employed an anion-exchange HPLC coupled to a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) using a mobile phase of 100 mM NaCl with 5 mM Tris-buffer (pH 7.4) to resemble protein-free blood plasma. The injection of Cd2+ onto this HPLC-FAAS system was associated with the elution of a Cd peak that corresponded to [CdCl3]-/[CdCl4]2- complexes. The addition of 0.1-10 mM L-cysteine (Cys) to the mobile phase significantly affected the retention behavior of Cd2+, which was rationalized by the on-column formation of mixed CdCysxCly complexes. From a toxicological point of view, the results obtained with 0.1 and 0.2 mM Cys were the most relevant because they resembled plasma concentrations. The corresponding Cd-containing (~30 μM) fractions were analyzed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and revealed an increased sulfur coordination to Cd2+ when the Cys concentration was increased from 0.1 to 0.2 mM. The putative formation of these toxicologically relevant Cd species in blood plasma was implicated in the Cd uptake into target organs and underscores the notion that a better understanding of the metabolism of Cd in the bloodstream is critical to causally link human exposure with organ-based toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amanda Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emérita Mendoza Rengifo
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Jürgen Gailer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Alassadi S, Pisani MJ, Wheate NJ. A chemical perspective on the clinical use of platinum-based anticancer drugs. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10835-10846. [PMID: 35781551 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Platinum drugs have been a mainstay of cancer chemotherapy since the introduction of cisplatin in the 1970s. Since then, carboplatin and oxaliplatin have been approved world-wide and nedaplatin, lobaplatin, heptaplatin, dicycloplatin, and miriplatin have been approved in individual countries. The three main platinum drugs are not used in isolation but are combined in chemotherapy protocols from a range of 28 drugs that include: anthracyclines, alkylating agents, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, taxanes, and monoclonal antibodies. Interestingly, they are not yet used in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or proteasome inhibitors. How platinum drugs are formulated for administration to patients is important to minimise aquation during storage and administration. Cisplatin is typically formulated in saline-based solutions while carboplatin and oxaliplatin are formulated in dextrose. Pharmacokinetics are an important factor in both the efficacy and safety of platinum drugs. This includes the quantity of protein-bound drug in blood serum, how fast the drugs are cleared by the body, and how fast the drugs are degraded and deactivated. Attempts to control platinum pharmacokinetics and side effects using rescue agents, macrocycles, and nanoparticles, and through the design of platinum(IV)-based drugs have not yet resulted in clinically successful outcomes. As cancer is predominantly a disease of old age, many cancer patients who are administered a platinum drug may have other medical conditions which means they may also be taking many non-cancer medicines. The co-administration of non-cancer medicines to patients can potentially affect the efficacy of platinum drugs and/or change the severity of their side effects through drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoohb Alassadi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Michelle J Pisani
- East Hills Boys High School, Lucas Road, Panania, NSW, 2213, Australia
| | - Nial J Wheate
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Hearing loss drug discovery and medicinal chemistry: Current status, challenges, and opportunities. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 61:1-91. [PMID: 35753714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a severe high unmet need condition affecting more than 1.5 billion people globally. There are no licensed medicines for the prevention, treatment or restoration of hearing. Prosthetic devices, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, do not restore natural hearing and users struggle with speech in the presence of background noise. Hearing loss drug discovery is immature, and small molecule approaches include repurposing existing drugs, combination therapeutics, late-stage discovery optimisation of known chemotypes for identified molecular targets of interest, phenotypic tissue screening and high-throughput cell-based screening. Hearing loss drug discovery requires the integration of specialist therapeutic area biology and otology clinical expertise. Small molecule drug discovery projects in the global clinical portfolio for hearing loss are here collated and reviewed. An overview is provided of human hearing, inner ear anatomy, inner ear delivery, types of hearing loss and hearing measurement. Small molecule experimental drugs in clinical development for hearing loss are reviewed, including their underpinning biology, discovery strategy and activities, medicinal chemistry, calculated physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and clinical trial status. SwissADME BOILED-Egg permeability modelling is applied to the molecules reviewed, and these results are considered. Non-small molecule hearing loss assets in clinical development are briefly noted in this review. Future opportunities in hearing loss drug discovery for human genomics and targeted protein degradation are highlighted.
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Sarpong-Kumankomah S, Gailer J. Application of a Novel Metallomics Tool to Probe the Fate of Metal-Based Anticancer Drugs in Blood Plasma: Potential, Challenges and Prospects. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:48-58. [PMID: 32600232 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200628023540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although metallodrugs are used to treat a variety of human disorders and exhibit a remarkable diversity of therapeutic properties, they constitute only a tiny minority of all medicinal drugs that are currently on the market. This undesirable situation must be partially attributed to our general lack of understanding the fate of metallodrugs in the extremely ligand-rich environment of the bloodstream. The challenge of gaining insight into these bioinorganic processes can be overcome by the application of 'metallomics tools', which involve the analysis of biological fluids (e.g., blood plasma) with a separation method in conjunction with multi-element specific detectors. To this end, we have developed a metallomics tool that is based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) hyphenated to an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). After the successful application of SEC-ICPAES to analyze plasma for endogenous copper, iron and zinc-metalloproteins, it was subsequently applied to probe the metabolism of a variety of metal-based anticancer drugs in plasma. The versatility of this metallomics tool is exemplified by the fact that it has provided insight into the metabolism of individual Pt-based drugs, the modulation of the metabolism of cisplatin by sulfur-containing compounds, the metabolism of two metal-based drugs that contain different metals as well as a bimetallic anticancer drug, which contained two different metals. After adding pharmacologically relevant doses of metallodrugs to plasma, the temporal analysis of aliquots by SEC-ICP-AES allows to observe metal-protein adducts, metallodrug-derived degradation products and the parent metallodrug(s). This unique capability allows to obtain comprehensive insight into the fate of metal-based drugs in plasma and can be extended to in vivo studies. Thus, the application of this metallomics tool to probe the fate of novel metalcomplexes that exert the desired biological activity in plasma has the potential to advance more of these to animal/preclinical studies to fully explore the potential that metallodrugs inherently offer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Gailer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Abstract
Platinum (Pt) compounds entered the clinic as anticancer agents when cisplatin was approved in 1978. More than 40 years later, even in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, Pt drugs remain among the most widely used anticancer drugs. As Pt drugs mainly target DNA, it is not surprising that recent insights into alterations of DNA repair mechanisms provide a useful explanation for their success. Many cancers have defective DNA repair, a feature that also sheds new light on the mechanisms of secondary drug resistance, such as the restoration of DNA repair pathways. In addition, genome-wide functional screening approaches have revealed interesting insights into Pt drug uptake. About half of cisplatin and carboplatin but not oxaliplatin may enter cells through the widely expressed volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). The analysis of this heteromeric channel in tumour biopsies may therefore be a useful biomarker to stratify patients for initial Pt treatments. Moreover, Pt-based approaches may be improved in the future by the optimization of combinations with immunotherapy, management of side effects and use of nanodelivery devices. Hence, Pt drugs may still be part of the standard of care for several cancers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Disler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Capper MS, Enriquez Garcia A, Lai B, Wang BO, Gelfand BS, Shemanko CS, Jalilehvand F. The effect of sodium thiosulfate on cytotoxicity of a diimine Re(I) tricarbonyl complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5968-5977. [PMID: 33949526 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, diimine Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have attracted great interest due to their promising cytotoxic effects. Here, we compare the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of two Re(i) compounds fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)](CF3SO3) (1) and Na(fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·H2O (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) (2). The Re-thiosulfate complex in 2 was characterized in two solvated crystal structures {Na(fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·1.75H2O·C2H5OH}4 (2 + 0.75H2O + C2H5OH)4 and (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)]) (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·4H2O (3). The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 was tested in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and compared with that of cisplatin. The cellular localization of the Re(i) complexes was investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results show that replacement of the aqua ligand with thiosulfate renders the complex less toxic most likely by distrupting its cellular entry. Therefore, thiosulfate could potentially have a similar chemoprotective effect against diimine fac-Re(CO)3 complexes as it has against cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles S Capper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA
| | - Baiwen O Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Carrie S Shemanko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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The multifaceted roles of sulfane sulfur species in cancer-associated processes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148338. [PMID: 33212042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur species comprise a variety of biologically relevant hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-derived species, including per- and poly-sulfidated low molecular weight compounds and proteins. A growing body of evidence suggests that H2S, currently recognized as a key signaling molecule in human physiology and pathophysiology, plays an important role in cancer biology by modulating cell bioenergetics and contributing to metabolic reprogramming. This is accomplished through functional modulation of target proteins via H2S binding to heme iron centers or H2S-mediated reversible per- or poly-sulfidation of specific cysteine residues. Since sulfane sulfur species are increasingly viewed not only as a major source of H2S but also as key mediators of some of the biological effects commonly attributed to H2S, the multifaceted role of these species in cancer biology is reviewed here with reference to H2S, focusing on their metabolism, signaling function, impact on cell bioenergetics and anti-tumoral properties.
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Mukherjea D, Dhukhwa A, Sapra A, Bhandari P, Woolford K, Franke J, Ramkumar V, Rybak L. Strategies to reduce the risk of platinum containing antineoplastic drug-induced ototoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:965-982. [PMID: 32757852 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1806235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent against a variety of solid tumors in adults and in children. Unfortunately, a large percentage of patients suffer permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Up to 60% of children and at least 50% of adults suffer this complication that seriously compromises their quality of life. Hearing loss is due to damage to the sensory cells in the inner ear. The mechanisms of cochlear damage are still being investigated. However, it appears that inner ear damage is triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and inflammation 34. AREAS COVERED We discuss a number of potential therapeutic targets that can be addressed to provide hearing protection. These strategies include enhancing the endogenous antioxidant pathways, heat shock proteins, G protein coupled receptors and counteracting ROS and reactive nitrogen species, and blocking pathways that produce inflammation, including TRPV1 and STAT1 36. EXPERT OPINION Numerous potential protective agents show promise in animal models by systemic or local administration. However, clinical trials have not shown much efficacy to date with the exception of sodium thiosulfate. There is an urgent need to discover safe and effective protective agents that do not interfere with the efficacy of cisplatin against tumors yet preserve hearing 151.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmita Dhukhwa
- Springfield Combined Laboratory Facility, Novear Therapeutics LLC ., Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Amit Sapra
- Department of Internal Medicine, SIU School of Medicine , Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhandari
- Department of Internal Medicine, SIU School of Medicine , Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Katlyn Woolford
- Department of Otolaryngology, SIU School of Medicine , Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Franke
- Department of Otolaryngology, SIU School of Medicine , Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Vickram Ramkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, SIU School of Medicine , Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Leonard Rybak
- Department of Otolaryngology, SIU School of Medicine , Springfield, IL, USA
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Popović J, Klajn A, Paunesku T, Ma Q, Chen S, Lai B, Stevanović M, Woloschak GE. Neuroprotective Role of Selected Antioxidant Agents in Preventing Cisplatin-Induced Damage of Human Neurons In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:619-636. [PMID: 30874981 PMCID: PMC6535150 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy and decreases the quality of life of cancer patients. We compared neuroprotective properties of several agents using an in vitro model of terminally differentiated human cells NT2-N derived from cell line NT2/D1. Sodium azide and an active metabolite of amifostine (WR1065) increase cell viability in simultaneous treatment with cisplatin. In addition, WR1065 protects the non-dividing neurons by decreasing cisplatin caused oxidative stress and apoptosis. Accumulation of Pt in cisplatin-treated cells was heterogeneous, but the frequency and concentration of Pt in cells were lowered in the presence of WR1065 as shown by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Transition metals accumulation accompanied Pt increase in cells; this effect was equally diminished in the presence of WR1065. To analyze possible chemical modulation of Pt-DNA bonds, we examined the platinum LIII near edge spectrum by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The spectrum found in cisplatin-DNA samples is altered differently by the addition of either WR1065 or sodium azide. Importantly, a similar change in Pt edge spectra was noted in cells treated with cisplatin and WR1065. Therefore, amifostine should be reconsidered as a candidate for treatments that reduce or prevent CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11010, Serbia
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Andrijana Klajn
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11010, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- DND CAT, Northwestern Synchrotron Research Center at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Milena Stevanović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11010, Serbia.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Hazlitt RA, Teitz T, Bonga JD, Fang J, Diao S, Iconaru L, Yang L, Goktug AN, Currier DG, Chen T, Rankovic Z, Min J, Zuo J. Development of Second-Generation CDK2 Inhibitors for the Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7700-7709. [PMID: 30091915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no FDA-approved therapies to prevent the hearing loss associated with the usage of cisplatin in chemotherapeutic regimens. We recently demonstrated that the pharmacologic inhibition with kenpaullone or genetic deletion of CDK2 preserved hearing function in animal models treated with cisplatin, which suggests that CDK2 is a promising therapeutic target to prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In this study, we identified two lead compounds, AT7519 and AZD5438, from a focused library screen of 187 CDK2 inhibitors, performed in an immortalized cell line derived from neonatal mouse cochleae treated with cisplatin. Moreover, we screened 36 analogues of AT7519 and identified analogue 7, which exhibited an improved therapeutic index. When delivered locally, analogue 7 and AZD5438 both provided significant protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in mice. Thus, we have identified two additional compounds that prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vivo and provided further evidence that CDK2 is a druggable target for treating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Lin MT, Ko JL, Liu TC, Chao PT, Ou CC. Protective Effect of D-Methionine on Body Weight Loss, Anorexia, and Nephrotoxicity in Cisplatin-Induced Chronic Toxicity in Rats. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:813-824. [PMID: 29430988 PMCID: PMC6142074 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417753543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
D-methionine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that can act as a potent antioxidant. Anorexia and nephrotoxicity are side effects of cisplatin. The protective effects of D-methionine on cisplatin-induced anorexia and renal injury were investigated. The model of chronic cisplatin administration (5 mg/kg body weight) involved intraperitoneal injection on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral D-methionine (300 mg/kg body weight) coadministration daily for 20 days. On the 21st day of treatment, food intake and body weight in the cisplatin-treated group significantly decreased by 52% and 31%, respectively, when compared with a control group. D-methionine coadministration with cisplatin decreased food intake and body weight by 29% and 8%, respectively. In cisplatin-treated rats, white blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet values significantly decreased, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration significantly increased by 8.6% when compared with control rats. Cisplatin administration resulted in significantly decreased feeding efficiency, elevated renal oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidative activity. Leukocyte infiltration, tubule vacuolization, tubular expansion, and swelling were observed in the kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats. Oral D-methionine exhibited an antianorexic effect, with improvement in food intake, feeding efficiency, and hematological toxicities, as well as a protective effect against nephrotoxicity by elevated antioxidative activity. D-methionine may serve as a chemoprotectant in patients receiving cisplatin as part of a chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tai Lin
- 1 Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | | | - Te-Chung Liu
- 2 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- 2 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sooriyaarachchi M, George GN, Pickering IJ, Narendran A, Gailer J. Tuning the metabolism of the anticancer drug cisplatin with chemoprotective agents to improve its safety and efficacy. Metallomics 2017; 8:1170-1176. [PMID: 27722429 PMCID: PMC5123636 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous in vivo studies have shown that the severe toxic side-effects of intravenously administered cisplatin can be significantly reduced by the co-administration of sulfur-containing 'chemoprotective agents'. Using a metallomics approach, a likely biochemical basis for these potentially useful observations was only recently uncovered and appears to involve the reaction of chemoprotective agents with cisplatin-derived Pt-species in human plasma to form novel platinum-sulfur complexes (PSC's). We here reveal aspects of the structure of two PSC's and establish the identification of an optimal chemoprotective agent to ameliorate the toxic side-effects of cisplatin, while leaving its antineoplastic activity largely intact, as a feasible research strategy to transform cisplatin into a safer and more effective anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Sooriyaarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2, Canada and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2, Canada and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Jürgen Gailer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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