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Bellotti D, Leveraro S, Remelli M. Metal-protein solution interactions investigated using model systems: Thermodynamic and spectroscopic methods. Methods Enzymol 2023; 687:279-341. [PMID: 37666636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The first-row D-block metal ions are essential for the physiology of living organisms, functioning as cofactors in metalloproteins or structural components for enzymes: almost half of all proteins require metals to perform the biological function. Understanding metal-protein interactions is crucial to unravel the mysteries behind molecular biology, understanding the effects of metal imbalance and toxicity or the diseases due to disorders in metal homeostasis. Metal-protein interactions are dynamic: they are noncovalent and affected by the environment to which the system is exposed. To reach a complete comprehension of the system, different conditions must be considered for the experimental investigation, in order to get information on the species distribution, the ligand coordination modes, complex stoichiometry and geometry. Thinking about the whole environment where a protein acts, investigations are often challenging, and simplifications are required to study in detail the mechanisms of metal interaction. This chapter is intended to help researchers addressing the problem of the complexity of metal-protein interactions, with particular emphasis on the use of peptides as model systems for the metal coordination site. The thermodynamic and spectroscopic methods most widely employed to investigate the interaction between metal ions and peptides in solution are here covered. These include solid-phase peptide synthesis, potentiometric titrations, calorimetry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism (CD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Additional experimental methods, which can be employed to study metal complexes with peptides, are also briefly mentioned. A case-study is finally reported providing a practical example of the investigation of metal-protein interaction by means of thermodynamic and spectroscopic methods applied to peptide model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bellotti
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, via L. Borsari, Ferrara, Italy; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Silvia Leveraro
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, via L. Borsari, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Remelli
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, via L. Borsari, Ferrara, Italy.
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Cosottini L, Zineddu S, Massai L, Ghini V, Turano P. 19F: A small probe for a giant protein. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 244:112236. [PMID: 37146532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe a method for the efficient production (∼90% fluorination) of 5-F-Trp human H ferritin via the selective incorporation of 19F into the side chain of W93 using 5-fluoroindole as the fluorinated precursor of the amino acid. Human H ferritin is a nanocage composed of 24 identical subunits, each containing a single Trp belonging to a loop exposed on the external surface of the protein nanocage. This makes 5-F-Trp a potential probe for the study of intermolecular interactions in solution by exploiting its intrinsic fluorescence. More interestingly, albeit the large size of the cage (12 nm external diameter, ∼500 kDa molecular mass) we observe a broad but well defined NMR 19F resonance that can be used for the dual purpose of detecting solution intermolecular interactions via chemical shift perturbation mapping and monitoring the uptake of ferritin by cells treated with ferritin-based drug carriers, the latter being an application area of increasing importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Cosottini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Stefano Zineddu
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
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Silva MA, Fernandes AP, Turner DL, Salgueiro CA. A Biochemical Deconstruction-Based Strategy to Assist the Characterization of Bacterial Electric Conductive Filaments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087032. [PMID: 37108196 PMCID: PMC10138318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periplasmic nanowires and electric conductive filaments made of the polymeric assembly of c-type cytochromes from Geobacter sulfurreducens bacterium are crucial for electron storage and/or extracellular electron transfer. The elucidation of the redox properties of each heme is fundamental to the understanding of the electron transfer mechanisms in these systems, which first requires the specific assignment of the heme NMR signals. The high number of hemes and the molecular weight of the nanowires dramatically decrease the spectral resolution and make this assignment extremely complex or unattainable. The nanowire cytochrome GSU1996 (~42 kDa) is composed of four domains (A to D) each containing three c-type heme groups. In this work, the individual domains (A to D), bi-domains (AB, CD) and full-length nanowire were separately produced at natural abundance. Sufficient protein expression was obtained for domains C (~11 kDa/three hemes) and D (~10 kDa/three hemes), as well as for bi-domain CD (~21 kDa/six hemes). Using 2D-NMR experiments, the assignment of the heme proton NMR signals for domains C and D was obtained and then used to guide the assignment of the corresponding signals in the hexaheme bi-domain CD. This new biochemical deconstruction-based procedure, using nanowire GSU1996 as a model, establishes a new strategy to functionally characterize large multiheme cytochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Silva
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana P Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - David L Turner
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Salgueiro
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Trindade IB, Coelho A, Cantini F, Piccioli M, Louro RO. NMR of paramagnetic metalloproteins in solution: Ubi venire, quo vadis? J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pirzada M, Altintas Z. Nanomaterials for Healthcare Biosensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5311. [PMID: 31810313 PMCID: PMC6928990 DOI: 10.3390/s19235311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of nanomaterials have been explored for their applications in biomedical diagnostics, making their applications in healthcare biosensing a rapidly evolving field. Nanomaterials introduce versatility to the sensing platforms and may even allow mobility between different detection mechanisms. The prospect of a combination of different nanomaterials allows an exploitation of their synergistic additive and novel properties for sensor development. This paper covers more than 290 research works since 2015, elaborating the diverse roles played by various nanomaterials in the biosensing field. Hence, we provide a comprehensive review of the healthcare sensing applications of nanomaterials, covering carbon allotrope-based, inorganic, and organic nanomaterials. These sensing systems are able to detect a wide variety of clinically relevant molecules, like nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cancer antigens, pharmaceuticals and narcotic drugs, toxins, contaminants, as well as entire cells in various sensing media, ranging from buffers to more complex environments such as urine, blood or sputum. Thus, the latest advancements reviewed in this paper hold tremendous potential for the application of nanomaterials in the early screening of diseases and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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Nurchi VM. Medicinal bio-inorganic chemistry: papers from the Third International Summer School of Bioinorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Cagliari, Italy. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110798. [PMID: 31404887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Nurchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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