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Jevtovic V, Golubović L, Alshammari B, Alshammari MR, Rajeh SY, Alreshidi MA, Alshammari OAO, Rakić A, Dimić D. Crystal Structure, Theoretical Analysis, and Protein/DNA Binding Activity of Iron(III) Complex Containing Differently Protonated Pyridoxal- S-Methyl-Isothiosemicarbazone Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7058. [PMID: 39000166 PMCID: PMC11241004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal-S-methyl-isothiosemicarbazone (PLITSC) is a member of an important group of ligands characterized by different complexation modes to various transition metals. In this contribution, a new complex containing two differently protonated PLITSC ligands ([Fe(PLITSC-H)(PLITSC)]SO4)∙2.5H2O was obtained. The crystal structure was solved by the X-ray analysis and used further for the optimization at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)(H,C,N,O,S)/def2-TZVP(Fe) level of theory. Changes in the interaction strength and bond distance due to protonation were observed upon examination by the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules. The protein binding affinity of [Fe(PLITSC-H)(PLITSC)]SO4 towards transport proteins (Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Human Serum Albumin (HSA)) was investigated by the spectrofluorimetric titration and molecular docking. The interactions with the active pocket containing fluorescent amino acids were examined in detail, which explained the fluorescence quenching. The interactions between complex and DNA were followed by the ethidium-bromide displacement titration and molecular docking. The binding along the minor groove was the dominant process involving complex in the proximity of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Jevtovic
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luka Golubović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Badriah Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sahar Y Rajeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Awjan Alreshidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Odeh A O Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksandra Rakić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Vančo J, Trávníček Z, Malina T, Hošek J, Dvořák Z. Cellular Effects of Cationic Copper(II) Schiff Base Complexes: Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400214. [PMID: 39031727 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
A series of potassium isothiocyanato-(N-salicylidene-aminoacidato) cuprates (1-5) with the general formula of the monomeric unit K[Cu(sal-aa)(NCS)] ⋅ xH2O (x=0 or 2), containing a Schiff-base ligand (H2sal-aa) derived from natural amino acids such as glycine, DL-α-alanine, DL-valine, DL-phenylalanine and β-alanine, and salicylaldehyde, was screened for in vitro antiradical and major cellular effects against selected cancerous and normal cells. The complexes exhibited strong antioxidant properties against superoxide in vitro and a protective effect on DNA under Fenton-like reaction conditions. Screening of their cellular effects revealed moderate in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780R and MCF-7), with IC50 values of 25-35 μM, and relatively low toxicity to normal fibroblast MRC-5 cells (with IC50 values>50 μM). Additional experiments performed on A2780 cells revealed that the most potent complex 5 significantly increased the number of A2780 cells arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and triggered intracellular oxidative stress. The selected flow cytometry experiments (detection of apoptosis/autophagy and activation of caspases 3/7 and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential) did not reveal the dominant mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of the complexes but clearly differentiated their molecular effects from those of the reference drug cisplatin. All the complexes exerted anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-activated THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Complex 5 also slightly influenced the activity of the upstream NF-κB transcription factor, while no effect on PPARγ activation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Vančo
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Malina
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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3
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Li A, Huang K, Pan W, Wu Y, Liang Y, Zhang Z, Wu D, Ma L, Gou Y. Thiosemicarbazone Mixed-Valence Cu(I/II) Complex against Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells through Multiple Pathways Involving Cuproptosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9091-9103. [PMID: 38778566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Induction of cuproptosis and targeting of multiple signaling pathways show promising applications in tumor therapy. In this study, we synthesized two thiosemicarbazone-copper complexes ([CuII(L)Cl] 1 and [CuII2CuI(L)2Cl3] 2, where HL is the (E)-N-methyl-2-(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene ligand), to assess their antilung cancer activities. Both copper complexes showed better anticancer activity than cisplatin and exhibited hemolysis comparable to that of cisplatin. In vivo experiments showed that complex 2 retarded the A549 cell growth in a mouse xenograft model with low systemic toxicity. Primarily, complex 2 kills lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by triggering multiple pathways, including cuproptosis. Complex 2 is the first mixed-valent Cu(I/II) complex to induce cellular events consistent with cuproptosis in cancer cells, which may stimulate the development of mixed-valent copper complexes and provide effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Respiratory Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
- Department of Scientific Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Pan
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - Youru Wu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liang
- Department of Scientific Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - ZhenLei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Daqi Wu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - Libing Ma
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Respiratory Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - Yi Gou
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Respiratory Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
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Maged A, Mabrouk M, Nour El-Din HT, Osama L, Badr-Eldin SM, Mahmoud AA. PLGA and PDMS-based in situ forming implants loaded with rosuvastatin and copper-selenium nanoparticles: a promising dual-effect formulation with augmented antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity in breast cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1397639. [PMID: 38895619 PMCID: PMC11183308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1397639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most prevalent tumors worldwide. In this study, in-situ forming implants (ISFIs) containing rosuvastatin calcium were prepared using three types of poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), namely, PLGA 50/50 with ester terminal and PLGA 75/25 with ester or acid terminal. Additionally, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was added in concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% w/v to accelerate matrix formation. The prepared ISFIs were characterized for their rheological behaviors, rate of matrix formation, and in-vitro drug release. All the prepared formulations revealed a Newtonian flow with a matrix formation rate between 0.017 and 0.059 mm/min. Generally, increasing the concentration of PDMS increased the matrix formation rate. The prepared implants' release efficiency values ranged between 46.39 and 89.75%. The ISFI containing PLGA 50/50 with 30% PDMS was selected for further testing, as it has the highest matrix formation rate and a promising release efficiency value. Copper-selenium nanoparticles were prepared with two different particle sizes (560 and 383 nm for CS1 and CS2, respectively) and loaded into the selected formulation to enhance its anticancer activity. The unloaded and loaded implants with rosuvastatin and copper-selenium nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, against Gram-positive and negative microorganisms, and anticancer efficacy, against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The results confirmed the potency of rosuvastatin calcium against cancer cells and the synergistic effect when loaded with smaller particle sizes of copper-selenium nanoparticles. This formulation holds a considerable potential for efficient breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Maged
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Factory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanzada T. Nour El-Din
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamyaa Osama
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Ni K, Montesdeoca N, Karges J. Highly cytotoxic Cu(II) terpyridine complexes as chemotherapeutic agents. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8223-8228. [PMID: 38652088 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as the biggest medicinal challenge worldwide. During a typical treatment, the tumorous tissue is removed in a surgical procedure and the patient further treated by chemotherapy. One of the most frequently applied drugs are platinum complexes. Despite their clinical success, these compounds are associated with severe side effects and low therapeutic efficiency. To overcome these limitations, herein, the synthesis and biological evaluation of Cu(II) terpyridine complexes as chemotherapeutic drug candidates is suggested. The compounds were found to be highly cytotoxic in the nanomolar range against various cancer cell lines. Mechanistic insights revealed that the compounds primarily accumulated in the cytoplasm and generated reactive oxygen species in this organelle, triggering cell death by apoptosis. Based on their high therapeutic effect, these metal complexes could serve as a starting point for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Ni
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Nicolás Montesdeoca
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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6
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Mushtaq A, Asif R, Humayun WA, Naseer MM. Novel isatin-triazole based thiosemicarbazones as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, DFT and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14051-14067. [PMID: 38686286 PMCID: PMC11057040 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01937g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones of isatin have been found to exhibit versatile bioactivities. In this study, two distinct types of isatin-triazole hybrids 3a and 3b were accessed via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), together with their mono and bis-thiosemicarbazone derivatives 4a-h and 5a-h. In addition to the characterization by physical, spectral and analytical data, a DFT study was carried out to obtain the optimized geometries of all thiosemicarbazones. The global reactivity values showed that among the synthesized derivatives, 4c, 4g and 5c having nitro substituents are the most soft compounds, with compound 5c having the highest electronegativity and electrophilicity index values among the synthesized series, thus possessing strong binding ability with biomolecules. Molecular docking studies were performed to explore the inhibitory ability of the selected compounds against the active sites of the anticancer protein of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Among the synthesized derivatives, 4-nitro substituted bisthiosemicarbazone 5c showed the highest binding energy of -10.3 kcal mol-1. These findings demonstrated that compound 5c could be used as a favored anticancer scaffold via the mechanism of inhibition against the PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Asif
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmed Humayun
- Department of Medical Oncology & Radiotherapy, King Edward Medical University Lahore 54000 Pakistan
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7
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Podolski-Renić A, Čipak Gašparović A, Valente A, López Ó, Bormio Nunes JH, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Filipović NR. Schiff bases and their metal complexes to target and overcome (multidrug) resistance in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116363. [PMID: 38593587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. In this respect, Schiff base-related compounds (bearing a R1R2CNR3 bond) gained high interest during the past decades. Schiff bases are considered privileged ligands for various reasons, including the easiness of their preparation and the possibility to form complexes with almost all transition metal ions. Schiff bases and their metal complexes exhibit many types of biological activities and are used for the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Until now, 13 Schiff bases have been investigated in clinical trials for cancer treatment and hypoxia imaging. This review represents the first collection of Schiff bases and their complexes which demonstrated MDR-reversal activity. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Modulation of ABC transporter function, 2) Targeting lysosomal ABCB1 overexpression, 3) Circumvention of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux by alternative routes of drug uptake, 4) Selective activity against MDR cancer models (collateral sensitivity), 5) Targeting GSH-detoxifying systems, 6) Overcoming apoptosis resistance by inducing necrosis and paraptosis, 7) Reactivation of mutated p53, 8) Restoration of sensitivity to DNA-damaging anticancer therapy, and 9) Overcoming drug resistance through modulation of the immune system. Through this approach, we would like to draw attention to Schiff bases and their metal complexes representing highly interesting anticancer drug candidates with the ability to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia H Bormio Nunes
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Alajroush DR, Smith CB, Anderson BF, Oyeyemi IT, Beebe SJ, Holder AA. A Comparison of In Vitro Studies between Cobalt(III) and Copper(II) Complexes with Thiosemicarbazone Ligands to Treat Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2024; 562:121898. [PMID: 38282819 PMCID: PMC10810091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes have gained significant attention as potential anti-cancer agents. The anti-cancer activity of [Co(phen)2(MeATSC)](NO3)3•1.5H2O•C2H5OH 1 (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and MeATSC = 9-anthraldehyde-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone) and [Cu(acetylethTSC)Cl]Cl•0.25C2H5OH 2 (where acetylethTSC = (E)-N-ethyl-2-[1-(thiazol-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide) was investigated by analyzing DNA cleavage activity. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed using CCK-8 viability assay. The activities of caspase 3/7, 9, and 1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial function were further analyzed to study the cell death mechanisms. Complex 2 induced a significant increase in nicked DNA. The IC50 values of complex 1 were 17.59 μM and 61.26 μM in cancer and non-cancer cells, respectively. The IC50 values of complex 2 were 5.63 and 12.19 μM for cancer and non-cancer cells, respectively. Complex 1 induced an increase in ROS levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activated caspases 3/7, 9, and 1, which indicated the induction of intrinsic apoptotic pathway and pyroptosis. Complex 2 induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase, ROS generation, and caspase 3/7 activation. Thus, complex 1 induced cell death in the breast cancer cell line via activation of oxidative stress which induced apoptosis and pyroptosis while complex 2 induced cell cycle arrest through the induction of DNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa R. Alajroush
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
| | - Chloe B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
| | - Brittney F. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, VI 00802, U.S.A
| | - Ifeoluwa T. Oyeyemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
| | - Stephen J. Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA, 23508, U.S.A
| | - Alvin A. Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University 4501 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A
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Du LQ, Zeng CJ, Mo DY, Qin QP, Tan MX, Liang H. 8-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide copper(II)- and zinc(II)-phenanthroline and bipyridine coordination compounds: Design, synthesis, structures, and antitumor evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112443. [PMID: 38100902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen novel tumor-targeting copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes, [Cu(ONQ)(QD1)(NO3)]·CH3OH (NQ3), [Cu(ONQ)(QD2)(NO3)] (NQ2), [Cu(NQ)(QD2)Cl] (NQ3), [Cu(ONQ)(QD1)Cl] (NQ4), [Cu(ONQ)(QD3)](NO3) (NQ5), [Cu(ONQ)(QD3)Cl] (NQ6), [Zn(ONQ)(QD4)Cl] (NQ7), [Zn(ONQ)(QD1)Cl] (NQ8), [Zn(ONQ)(QD5)Cl] (NQ9), [Zn(ONQ)(QD2)Cl] (NQ10), [Zn(ONQ)(QD6)Cl] (NQ11), [Zn(ONQ)(QD7)Cl] (NQ12), and [Zn(ONQ)(QD3)Cl] (NQ13) supported on 8-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (H-ONQ), 2,2'-dipyridyl (QD1), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (QD2), 1,10-phenanthroline (QD3), 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridyl (QD4), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (QD5), 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (QD6), and bathophenanthroline (QD7), were first synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, NQ1-NQ13 exhibited higher antiproliferative activity and selectivity for cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP tumor cells (CiSK3) compared to normal HL-7702 cells based on results obtained from the cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The complexation of copper(II) ion with QD2 and ONQ ligands resulted in an evident increase in the antiproliferation of NQ1-NQ6, with NQ6 exhibiting the highest antitumor potency against CiSK3 cells compared to NQ1-NQ5, H-ONQ, QD1-QD7, and NQ7-NQ13 as well as the reference cisplatin drug with an IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.05 μM. Mechanistic studies revealed that NQ4 and NQ6 induced apoptosis of CiSK3 cells via mitophagy pathway regulation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion. Further, the differential induction of mitophagy decreased in the order of NQ6 > NQ4, which can be attributed to the major impact of the QD3 ligand with a large planar geometry and the Cl leaving group within the NQ6 complex. In summary, these results confirmed that the newly synthesized H-ONQ copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination metal compounds NQ1-NQ13 exhibit potential as anticancer drugs for cisplatin-resistant ovarian CiSK3 cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Qi Du
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Chu-Jie Zeng
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Dong-Yin Mo
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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10
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Verma N, Singh M, Bhati P, Khanna S, Ashraf MT, Kumari S, Chatterjee N, Deshwal VK, Rustagi S, Priya K. In Vitro and In Silico Studies on 4-Nitroacetophenone Thiosemicarbazone Potential Cytotoxicity Against A549 Cell Lines. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04814-1. [PMID: 38157154 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung malignancy is a major worldwide issue that occurs due to the dysregulation of various growth factors. Lung cancer has no apparent signs in the early stages, which makes it harder to catch it in time and leads to a higher fatality rate. So, the goal of this work was to create and analyze a novel chemical molecule called 4-nitro acetophenone thiosemicarbazone (4-NAPTSc) against the lung cancer cell line A549 and human non-tumorigenic lung epithelial cell line BAES-2B. The ligand was synthesized by refluxing the reaction mixture of 4-nitro acetophenone and thiosemicarbazide and was further characterized by UV, FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Cytotoxicity assay/MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl))2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compound. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) were chosen as the target proteins for molecular docking to find potential ligand binding sites and inhibit their function. A novel yellow-colored crystalline solid has been synthesized. 4-NAPTSc had an IC50 of 2.93 μg/mL against the A549 lung cancer cells. When the dosage is increased from 5 to 15 μg/mL along with time, the cell viability falls. Docking results showed that the compound binds with the targeted proteins' amino acid residues, and the likeness profile of the compound is also favorable. This study reveals that the compound has the potential for further investigation and can be used in multitargeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Piyush Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., 201312, India
| | - Sonia Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Mohd Tashfeen Ashraf
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., 201312, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Nidhi Chatterjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishal K Deshwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kanu Priya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India.
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11
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Chen Y, Ke Z, Yuan L, Liang M, Zhang S. Hydrazylpyridine salicylaldehyde-copper(II)-1,10-phenanthroline complexes as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, characterization and anticancer evaluation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12318-12331. [PMID: 37591821 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized and analyzed nine unique copper(II) hydrazylpyridine salicylaldehyde and 1,10-phenanthroline complexes, [Cu(L1a)(phen)] (Cugdupt1), [Cu(L2a)(phen)]·(CH3CN) (Cugdupt2), [Cu(L3a)(phen)] (Cugdupt3), [Cu(L4a)(phen)]·(CH3CN) (Cugdupt4), [Cu(L5a)(phen)] (Cugdupt5), [Cu(L6a)(phen)] (Cugdupt6), [Cu(L7a)(phen)] (Cugdupt7) [Cu(L8a)(phen)] (Cugdupt8) and [Cu(L9a)(phen)]·0.5(H2O) (Cugdupt9). We were motivated by the intriguing properties of the coupled ligands of hydrazylpyridine, salicylaldehyde, and 1,10-phenanthroline. The MTT assay demonstrated that Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9 have higher anticancer activity than L1H2-L9H2, phen and cisplatin on A549/DDP cancer cells (A549cis). Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9 were superior to cisplatin with IC50 values of 1.6-100.0 fold on A549cis cells (IC50(Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9) = 0.5-30.5 μM, IC50(cisplatin) = 61.5 ± 1.0 μM). However, Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9 had lower cytotoxicity toward the HL-7702 normal cells. Cugdupt1 and Cugdupt8 can induce reduction of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/IV (MRCC-I/IV), mitophagy pathways, and eventually protein regulation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion in A549cis cells. The findings indicated that Cugdupt1 and Cugdupt8 caused cell death via both ATP diminution and mitophagy pathways. Finally, Cugdupt8 demonstrated high efficacy and no obvious cytotoxicity in A549 tumor-bearing mice. This study thus helps evaluate the potential of the hydrazylpyridine salicylaldehyde-copper(II)-1,10-phenanthroline compounds for cisplatin-resistant tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Ke
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Meixiang Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
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12
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Shahi N, Yadav PN, Chaudhary U, Saad M, Mahiya K, Khan A, Shafi S, Pokharel YR. 5-Methoxyisatin N(4)-Pyrrolidinyl Thiosemicarbazone (MeOIstPyrd) Restores Mutant p53 and Inhibits the Growth of Skin Cancer Cells, In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31998-32016. [PMID: 37692215 PMCID: PMC10483675 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing 5-methoxy isatin were designed and synthesized with modification on N(4) position. Derivatives considering structure-activity relationship have been designed and synthesized by condensing thiosemicarbazide with 5-methoxy isatin. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and a single-crystal study. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds revealed that MeOIstPyrd is the most promising compound against skin cancer cell line, A431, with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM. In addition, MeOIstPyrd also exhibited low toxicity against the normal human fibroblast and the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line, HLF-1, and HEK293, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanistic study revealed that MeOIstPyrd efficiently inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and spheroid formation by activating the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway. MeOIstPyrd also induces DNA damage and activates p53 irrespective of the p53 status. It increases the half-life of p53 and stabilizes p53 by phosphorylating it at ser15. Moreover, MeOIstPyrd was found to bind to MDM2 in the p53 sub-pocket and, therefore, block p53-MDM2 interaction. Our result exhibited potential anticancer activity of MeOIstPyrd in the A431 cell line and its ability in restoring mutant p53, which is an interesting and promising strategy for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina Shahi
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central
Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 700128, Nepal
| | - Upendra Chaudhary
- Central
Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 700128, Nepal
| | - Mohd Saad
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Kuldeep Mahiya
- Department
of Chemistry, F.G.M. Government College, Mandi Adampur, Hisar 125052, Haryana, India
| | - Arif Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
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13
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Pradhan R, Tiwari L, Groner VM, Leach C, Lusk K, Harrison NS, Cornell KA, Waynant KV. Evaluation of azothioformamides and their copper(I) and silver(I) complexes for biological activity. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112294. [PMID: 37356379 PMCID: PMC10681367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active azothioformamides (ATFs) contain an NNCS 1,3-heterodiene motif typically found in other molecular subclasses that exhibit a wide range of cytotoxic and anti-neoplastic effects, either alone or as chelation complexes with various metals. For this study, a small library of ATF compounds was synthesized and tested across a range of microbes, fungi, and cancer cell lines for biological activity, both alone and as metal chelates of copper(I) and silver(I) salts. Alone, the ATF compounds exhibited little antimicrobial activity, but all inhibited the cell growth of A549 lung carcinoma cells (IC50 values of 1-6 μM). As copper(I) and silver(I) coordination complexes, several of the ATFs showed antimicrobial activity against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis cells (IC50 ∼ 5-20 μM) and the fungi Candida albicans (IC50 ∼ 8-12 μM); as well as cytotoxicity against both lung carcinoma A549 cells and lymphoblastic leukemia K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Laxmi Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Vincent M Groner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Caleb Leach
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Kyle Lusk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Nathan S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Kenneth A Cornell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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14
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Feizpour S, Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Safarzadeh E, Baradaran B, Dusek M, Poupon M. A novel water-soluble thiosemicarbazone Schiff base ligand and its complexes as potential anticancer agents and cellular fluorescence imaging. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023:10.1007/s00775-023-02001-5. [PMID: 37129705 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent ligand (H2LCl⋅1.5CH3OH, 1) was synthesized and metal complexes of 1 with Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were obtained as Mn(HL)2Cl2 (2), Fe(HL)2Cl3⋅3H2O (3), Ni(L)(HL)Cl⋅8H2O (4), Cu(HL)Cl2⋅4H2O (5), Zn(H2L)Cl3 (6), respectively. These compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. According to the crystal structure of 4 nickel (II), center is surrounded by two ligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. The ligand and its complexes are soluble in water and have excellent stability. In vitro anti-proliferative activity of these compounds was evaluated against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human lipo-sarcoma (SW-872) as cancer cells and human fibroblasts (HFF-2) as normal cells by MTT assay. Interestingly, complex 5 exhibited excellent activity against both cancer cells with low IC50 value 22.18 ± 0.35 μg/mL (35.66 ± 0.56 μM) for SW-872 and 79.41 ± 3.54 μg/mL (127.6 ± 5.69 μM) for MCF-7 among the compounds and in comparison with paclitaxel (PTX) which acts finely. Morphological changes were evaluated by flow cytometry that revealed apoptosis is the main cause of cell death. Likewise, cell cycle studies indicated the cell cycle arrest in the G1 and S phases for complex 5 against MCF-7 and SW-872 cancer cells, while complex 6 could arrest the MCF-7 and SW-872 cells in G2 and G1 phases, respectively. All of the compounds are fluorescent which enabled us to monitor the uptake and intracellular distribution in living human cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Feizpour
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran
| | | | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran
| | - Michal Dusek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Morgane Poupon
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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15
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Lim YY, Zaidi AMA, Miskon A. Combining Copper and Zinc into a Biosensor for Anti-Chemoresistance and Achieving Osteosarcoma Therapeutic Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072920. [PMID: 37049685 PMCID: PMC10096333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its built-up chemoresistance after prolonged usage, the demand for replacing platinum in metal-based drugs (MBD) is rising. The first MBD approved by the FDA for cancer therapy was cisplatin in 1978. Even after nearly four and a half decades of trials, there has been no significant improvement in osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. In fact, many MBD have been developed, but the chemoresistance problem raised by platinum remains unresolved. This motivates us to elucidate the possibilities of the copper and zinc (CuZn) combination to replace platinum in MBD. Thus, the anti-chemoresistance properties of CuZn and their physiological functions for OS therapy are highlighted. Herein, we summarise their chelators, main organic solvents, and ligand functions in their structures that are involved in anti-chemoresistance properties. Through this review, it is rational to discuss their ligands' roles as biosensors in drug delivery systems. Hereafter, an in-depth understanding of their redox and photoactive function relationships is provided. The disadvantage is that the other functions of biosensors cannot be elaborated on here. As a result, this review is being developed, which is expected to intensify OS drugs with higher cure rates. Nonetheless, this advancement intends to solve the major chemoresistance obstacle towards clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yik Lim
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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16
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Copper(I) iodide complex with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde ligand: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation, AIM and NCI analysis combined with molecular docking and antibacterial activity studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Ghiasi R, Valizadeh A. Computational Investigation of Interaction of a Cycloplatinated Thiosemicarbazone as Antitumor and Antiparasitic Agents with B12N12 Nano-Cage. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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18
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Li J, Li L, Dong Y, Zhong B, Yin W. Comprehensive Analysis of Cuproptosis Genes and Identification of Cuproptosis Subtypes in Breast Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:1578-1593. [PMID: 36683372 PMCID: PMC10249130 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230120112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper-induced death (cuproptosis) is copper-dependent regulated cell death, which is different from known death mechanisms and is dependent on mitochondrial respiration. However, its effect on breast cancer (BRCA) is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the important clinical significance of cuproptosis genes and to provide a new idea for guiding the personalized immunotherapy strategy of BRCA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected cuproptosis genes from published work. The gene alteration, differential expression, and prognostic value of cuproptosis genes were explored in BRCA based on TCGA database. We identified two subtypes (clusters A and B) by performing unsupervised clustering. The difference between two clusters was deeply explored, including clinical features, differential expressed genes (DEGs), pathways, and immune cell infiltration. Based on the DEGs between two clusters, a cuproptosis score was constructed and its predictive capability for overall survival of BRCA patients was validated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Patients with high cuproptosis score have worse survival status, with an increased infiltration level of most immune cells. Further analysis suggested that BRCA patients with high cuproptosis score may be sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings may improve our understanding of cuproptosis in BRCA and may distinguish patients suitable for ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lei Li
- Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yi Dong
- General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430000, China
- Southern Medical College University, University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430000, China
- Southern Medical College University, University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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19
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Ulchina I, Graur V, Tsapkov V, Chumakov Y, Garbuz O, Burduniuc O, Ceban E, Gulea A. Introducing N-Heteroaromatic Bases into Copper(II) Thiosemicarbazon Complexes: A Way to Change their Biological Activity. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200208. [PMID: 36541654 PMCID: PMC9769083 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three new copper(II) complexes, [Cu(1,10-Phen)(L)] (1), [Cu(2,2'-Bpy)(L)] (2) and [Cu(3,4-Lut)(L)] (3), where H2 L=2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide, 1,10-Phen=1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-Bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, 3,4-Lut=3,4-lutidine, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray crystallography (1, 2). All compounds are mononuclear. The introduction of a monodentate N-heteroaromatic base (3,4-dimethylpyridine) has led to a significant increase of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared to the pro-ligand and the precursor complex [Cu(L)H2 O]. The introduction of bidentate N-heteroaromatic bases did not lead to such increase of antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Moreover, complex 3 surpasses the inhibitory activity of tetracycline toward Enterobacter cloacae and the inhibitory activity of fluconazole toward Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans. The study of antioxidant activity against cation radicals ABTS⋅+ showed that complexes 1-3 are more active than Trolox, but only introduction of the monodentate N-heteroaromatic base (3,4-dimethylpyridine) led to the increase of antioxidant properties compared to the precursor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianina Ulchina
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and TechnicsMoldova State UniversityChişinău2009Republic of Moldova
| | - Vasilii Graur
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and TechnicsMoldova State UniversityChişinău2009Republic of Moldova
| | - Victor Tsapkov
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and TechnicsMoldova State UniversityChişinău2009Republic of Moldova
| | - Yurii Chumakov
- Laboratory of Physical Methods of Solid State Investigation “Tadeusz Malinowski”Institute of Applied PhysicsChişinău2028Republic of Moldova
| | - Olga Garbuz
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and TechnicsMoldova State UniversityChişinău2009Republic of Moldova,Institute of ZoologyAcademy of Sciences of MoldovaChişinău2028Republic of Moldova
| | - Olga Burduniuc
- State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemiţanu”Chişinău2004Republic of Moldova
| | - Emil Ceban
- State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemiţanu”Chişinău2004Republic of Moldova
| | - Aurelian Gulea
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and TechnicsMoldova State UniversityChişinău2009Republic of Moldova
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20
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Done G, Ari F, Akgun O, Akgun H, Cevatemre B, Gençkal HM. The Mechanism for Anticancer and Apoptosis‐Inducing Properties of Cu(II) Complex with Quercetin and 1,10‐Phenanthroline. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulseven Done
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Arts Bursa Uludag University 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Arts Bursa Uludag University 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Akgun
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Arts Bursa Uludag University 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Halime Akgun
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Arts Bursa Uludag University 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Buse Cevatemre
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) 34450 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hasene Mutlu Gençkal
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Arts Bursa Uludag University 16059 Bursa Turkey
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21
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Zhou F, Gao F, Chang Q, Yang X, Liang L. Three metal complexes with a pyridyl Schiff base: cytotoxicity, migration and mechanism of apoptosis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14993-15004. [PMID: 36111968 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three metal complexes [CuL(NO3)]n (1), [Cd(HL)(NO3)2]n (2) and [EuL(HCOOH)(H2O)(NO3)2] (3) were synthesized with a pyridyl Schiff ligand L (N'-[(1E)-pyridin-2-ylmethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide). A crystallographic study revealed that complexes 1 and 2 have a chain structure, and complex 3 is a zero-dimensional monomer. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that complex 2 had the best antiproliferative activity against SMMC-7721 cells and complex 3 had the best antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with single-digit IC50 values, both exceeding those of the control drug cisplatin by far. The cell invasion and migration ability through the transwell assay and wound-healing assay showed that the selected complexes could inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer cells. The Hoechst staining assay and ROS generation assay with SMMC-7721 cells indicated that the cytotoxic effects of complex 2 involved apoptosis induction through ROS accumulation. The apoptosis-inducing and cell cycle arrest effects of complex 2 on SMMC-7721 cells indicated that the antitumor effect was achieved through apoptosis induction and inhibition of DNA synthesis by blocking the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, complex 2 showed significant inhibition against B. dysentery with an inhibition circle diameter of 24 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Fangxin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghua Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Lili Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
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22
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Adhikari HS, Garai A, Manandhar KD, Yadav PN. Pyridine-Based NNS Tridentate Chitosan Thiosemicarbazones and Their Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30978-30988. [PMID: 36092560 PMCID: PMC9453788 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-functionalized pyridine-based thiosemicarbazones and their copper(II) complexes have been found to own a substantial antiproliferative activity against the tumorigenic Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. In the current study, chitosan oligosaccharide (CS) (87% DDA, Mw < 3000 Da) and crab shell chitosan (CCS) (67% DDA, M w 350 kDa) were functionalized as chitosan pyridine-2-thiosemicarbazones and chitosan 2-acetyl pyridine-2-thiosemicarbazones, and their copper(II) complexes were synthesized. The formation of chitosan thiosemicarbazones and their NNS tridentate behavior to give the square planar copper(II) chitosan thiosemicarbazone complexes were established by spectroscopic studies, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and magnetic moment measurements. The thermal study showed a marked stability of these derivatives before the outset of chitosan backbone degradation at 200 °C. The colorimetric MTT assay revealed a higher activity of CS thiosemicarbazones, viz., CSTSC series (IC50 375-381 μg mL-1 in the MDCK cell line and 281-355 μg mL-1 in the MCF-7 cell line) than that of high-molecular-weight CCS thiosemicarbazones, viz., CCSTSC series (IC50 335-400 μg mL-1 in the MDCK cell line and 365-400 μg mL-1 in the MCF-7 cell line), showing an enhanced activity with a decrease in Mw and an increase in DDA of constituent chitosan, a higher activity of both of these series of thiosemicarbazones than that of their native chitosan, viz., CS (IC50 370 μg mL-1 in the MCF-7 cell line and >400 μg mL-1 in the MDCK cell line) and CCS (IC50 > 400 μg mL-1 in both cell lines), and a higher activity of the Cu-CSTSC complexes (IC50 322-342 μg mL-1 in the MDCK cell line and 278-352 μg mL-1 in the MCF-7 cell line) and Cu-CCSTSC complexes (IC50 274-400 μg mL-1 in the MDCK cell line and 231-352 μg mL-1 in the MCF-7 cell line) than that of their respective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Sharan Adhikari
- Institute
of Engineering, Department of Applied Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Pashchimanchal Campus, Pokhara33700, Nepal
| | - Aditya Garai
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | | | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central
Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu44600, Nepal
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Kumar Singh N, Sharma S, Krishnakumar A, Kumar Choudhary R, Kumbhar AA, Butcher RJ, Raj Pokharel Y, Nath Yadav P. Exploration of anticancer potency of N(4) thiomorpholinyl isatin/5-haloisatin thiosemicarbazones on coordination to Cu2+ ion. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pellei M, Santini C, Bagnarelli L, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Venditti I, Meneghini C, Amatori S, Sgarbossa P, Marzano C, De Franco M, Gandin V. Exploring the Antitumor Potential of Copper Complexes Based on Ester Derivatives of Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169397. [PMID: 36012662 PMCID: PMC9409343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pz)2COOH) and bis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pzMe2)2COOH) were converted into the methyl ester derivatives 1 (LOMe) and 2 (L2OMe), respectively, and were used for the preparation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes 3–10. The copper(II) complexes were prepared by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O or CuBr2 with ligands 1 and 2 in methanol solution. The copper(I) complexes were prepared by the reaction of Cu[(CH3CN)4]PF6 and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) or triphenylphosphine with LOMe and L2OMe in acetonitrile solution. Synchrotron radiation-based complementary techniques (XPS, NEXAFS, and XAS) were used to investigate the electronic and molecular structures of the complexes and the local structure around copper ions in selected Cu(I) and Cu(II) coordination compounds. All Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes showed a significant in vitro antitumor activity, proving to be more effective than the reference drug cisplatin in a panel of human cancer cell lines, and were able to overcome cisplatin resistance. Noticeably, Cu complexes appeared much more effective than cisplatin in 3D spheroid cultures. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antitumor potential did not correlate with cellular accumulation but was consistent with intracellular targeting of PDI, ER stress, and paraptotic cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Bagnarelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Meneghini
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Amatori
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.G.)
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Jevtović V, Hamoud H, Al-Zahrani S, Alenezi K, Latif S, Alanazi T, Abdulaziz F, Dimić D. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Quantum Chemical Analysis, Electrochemical Behavior, and Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity of Co Complex with Pyridoxal-(S-Methyl)-isothiosemicarbazone Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:4809. [PMID: 35956756 PMCID: PMC9369583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
New complex Co(III) with ligand Pyridoxal-S-methyl-isothiosemicarbazone, (PLITSC) was synthesized. X-ray analysis showed the bis-ligand octahedral structure of the cobalt complex [Co(PLITSC-H)2]BrNO3·CH3OH (compound 1). The intermolecular interactions governing the crystal structure were described by the Hirsfeld surface analysis. The structure of compound 1 and the corresponding Zn complex (([Zn(PLTSC)(H2O)2]SO4·H2O)) were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 + G (d,p)/LanL2DZ level of theory, and the applicability was assessed by comparison with the crystallographic structure. The natural bond orbital analysis was used for the discussion on the stability of formed compounds. The antibacterial activity of obtained complexes towards S. aureus and E. coli was determined, along with the effect of compound 1 on the formation of free radical species. Activity of compound 1 towards the removal of methylene blue was also investigated. The voltammograms of these compounds showed the reduction of metal ions, as well as the catalyzed reduction of CO2 in acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Jevtović
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (V.J.); (H.H.); (S.A.-Z.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (T.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Haneen Hamoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (V.J.); (H.H.); (S.A.-Z.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (T.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Salma Al-Zahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (V.J.); (H.H.); (S.A.-Z.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (T.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Khalaf Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (V.J.); (H.H.); (S.A.-Z.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (T.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Salman Latif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (V.J.); (H.H.); (S.A.-Z.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (T.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Tahani Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (V.J.); (H.H.); (S.A.-Z.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (T.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Fahad Abdulaziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (V.J.); (H.H.); (S.A.-Z.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (T.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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In vivo detection of hydrogen sulfide in the brain of live mouse: application in neuroinflammation models. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4073-4087. [PMID: 35680737 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in brain pathophysiology. However, nuclear imaging probes for the in vivo detection of brain H2S in living animals have not been developed. Here, we report the first nuclear imaging probe that enables in vivo imaging of endogenous H2S in the brain of live mice. METHODS Utilizing a bis(thiosemicarbazone) backbone, a fluorescent ATSM-FITC conjugate was synthesized. Its copper complex, Cu(ATSM-FITC) was thoroughly tested as a biosensor for H2S. The same ATSM-FITC ligand was quantitatively labeled with [64Cu]CuCl2 to obtain a radioactive [64Cu][Cu(ATSM-FITC)] imaging probe. Biodistribution and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies were performed in healthy mice and neuroinflammation models. RESULTS The Cu(ATSM-FITC) complex reacts instantly with H2S to release CuS and becomes fluorescent. It showed excellent reactivity, sensitivity, and selectivity to H2S. Endogenous H2S levels in living cells were successfully detected by fluorescence microscopy. Exceptionally high brain uptake of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM-FITC)] (> 9% ID/g) was observed in biodistribution and PET imaging studies. Subtle changes in brain H2S concentrations in live mice were accurately detected by quantitative PET imaging. Due to its dual modality feature, increased H2S levels in neuroinflammation models were characterized at the subcellular level by fluorescence imaging and at the whole-body scale by PET imaging. CONCLUSION Our biosensor can be readily utilized to study brain H2S function in live animal models and shows great potential as a novel imaging agent for diagnosing brain diseases.
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Al-Doori LA, Irzoqi AA, Jirjes HM, AL-Obaidi AH, Alheety MA. Zn(II)-isatin-3-thiosemicarbazone complexes with phosphines or diamines for hydrogen storage and anticancer studies. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Peng J, Peng C, Wang L, Cao H, Xing C, Li G, Hu G, Yang F. Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling attenuates vanadium-induced apoptosis via IP 3R in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111809. [PMID: 35421768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is necessary for the health and growth of animals, but excessive V has harmful effects on the ecosystem health. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria coupling as a membrane structure connects the mitochondrial outer membrane with the ER. The mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is a region of the ER-mitochondria coupling and is essential for normal cell function. Currently, the crosstalk between ER-mitochondrial coupling and apoptosis in the toxic mechanism of V on duck kidney is still unclear. In this study, duck renal tubular epithelial cells were incubated with different concentrations of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) and/or inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (2-APB) for 24 h. The results showed that V could significantly increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, the mitochondrial calcium level and the numbers of the fluorescent signal points of IP3R; shortened the length ER-mitochondria coupling and reduced its formation; markedly upregulate the mRNA levels of MAM-related genes and protein levels, causing MAM dysfunction. Additionally, V treatment appeared to upregulate pro-apoptotic genes and downregulate anti-apoptotic genes, followed by cell apoptosis. The V-induced changes were alleviated by treatment with IP3R inhibitor. In summary, V could induce the dysfunction of ER-mitochondrial coupling and apoptosis, and inhibition of ER-mitochondrial coupling could attenuate V-induced apoptosis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 257 Liu-shi Road, Liuzhou, 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
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29
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Mechanism of vitamin B6 benzoyl hydrazone platinum(II) complexes overcomes multidrug resistance in lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Del Bello F, Pellei M, Bagnarelli L, Santini C, Giorgioni G, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Schiesaro I, Meneghini C, Venditti I, Ramanan N, De Franco M, Sgarbossa P, Marzano C, Gandin V. Cu(I) and Cu(II) Complexes Based on Lonidamine-Conjugated Ligands Designed to Promote Synergistic Antitumor Effects. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4919-4937. [PMID: 35285628 PMCID: PMC8965879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)- and bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-acetates were conjugated with the 2-hydroxyethylester and 2-aminoethylamide derivatives of the antineoplastic drug lonidamine to prepare Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes that might act through synergistic mechanisms of action due to the presence of lonidamine and copper in the same chemical entity. Synchrotron radiation-based complementary techniques [X-ray photorlectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS)] were used to characterize the electronic and molecular structures of the complexes and the local structure around the copper ion (XAFS) in selected complexes. All complexes showed significant antitumor activity, proving to be more effective than the reference drug cisplatin in a panel of human tumor cell lines, and were able to overcome oxaliplatin and multidrug resistance. Noticeably, these Cu complexes appeared much more effective than cisplatin against 3D spheroids of pancreatic PSN-1 cancer cells; among these, PPh3-containing Cu(I) complex 15 appeared to be the most promising derivative. Mechanistic studies revealed that 15 induced cancer cell death by means of an apoptosis-alternative cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Bagnarelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Schiesaro
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Meneghini
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Nitya Ramanan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Emara EM, El‐Sayed WA, Khalaf‐Allah ASA, Alminderej FM, Abdel‐Monem YK, Abd‐Rabou AA. Spectral studies, thermal investigations and anticancer activity of some divalent metal complexes derived from 2‐(4‐bromophenylamino)acetohydrazide ligand. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esam M. Emara
- Plants Protection Researches Institute, Agricultural Researches Center Giza Egypt
| | - Wael A. El‐Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, National Researches Center, Dokki Giza Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Qassim University Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed A. Abd‐Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, & Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center Giza Egypt
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Gordon AT, Abosede OO, Ntsimango S, Hosten EC, Myeza N, Eyk AV, Harmse L, Ogunlaja AS. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of copper(II)- and manganese(II)- theophylline mixed ligand complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Gan WK, Liew HS, Pua LJW, Ng XY, Fong KW, Cheong SL, Liew YK, Low ML. Novel Cu(II) Schiff Base Complex Combination with Polymyxin B/Phenylalanine-Arginine β-Naphthylamide Against Various Bacterial Strains. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Insights into Structure and Biological Activity of Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with Triazolopyrimidine Ligands. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030765. [PMID: 35164029 PMCID: PMC8838430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to increase the biological activity of the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold through complexation with essential metal ions, the complexes trans-[Cu(mptp)2Cl2] (1), [Zn(mptp)Cl2(DMSO)] (2) (mptp: 5-methyl-7-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), [Cu2(dmtp)4Cl4]·2H2O (3) and [Zn(dmtp)2Cl2] (4) (dmtp: 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), were synthesized and characterized as new antiproliferative and antimicrobial species. Both complexes (1) and (2) crystallize in the P21/n monoclinic space group, with the tetrahedral surroundings generating a square-planar stereochemistry in the Cu(II) complex and a tetrahedral stereochemistry in the Zn(II) species. The mononuclear units are interconnected in a supramolecular network through π–π interactions between the pyrimidine moiety and the phenyl ring in (1) while supramolecular chains resulting from C-H∙∙∙π interactions were observed in (2). All complexes exhibit an antiproliferative effect against B16 tumor cells and improved antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to the free ligands. Complex (3) displays the best antimicrobial activity against all four tested strains, both in the planktonic and biofilm-embedded states, which can be correlated to its stronger DNA-binding and nuclease-activity traits.
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Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031247. [PMID: 35163169 PMCID: PMC8835618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of drugs and dietary molecules and their role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis, as well as the implications in health and different diseases, have not yet been fully evaluated. In particular, the redox activity and other interactions of drugs with essential redox metal ions, such as iron and copper, need further investigation. These metal ions are ubiquitous in human nutrition but also widely found in dietary supplements and appear to exert major effects on redox homeostasis in health, but also on many diseases of free radical pathology. In this context, the redox mechanistic insights of mainly three prototype groups of drugs, namely alpha-ketohydroxypyridines (alpha-hydroxypyridones), e.g., deferiprone, anthraquinones, e.g., doxorubicin and thiosemicarbazones, e.g., triapine and their metal complexes were examined; details of the mechanisms of their redox activity were reviewed, with emphasis on the biological implications and potential clinical applications, including anticancer activity. Furthermore, the redox properties of these three classes of chelators were compared to those of the iron chelating drugs and also to vitamin C, with an emphasis on their potential clinical interactions and future clinical application prospects in cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases.
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Leite CM, Honorato J, Martin ACBM, Silveira RG, Colombari FM, Amaral JC, Costa AR, Cominetti MR, Plutín AM, de Aguiar D, Vaz BG, Batista AA. Experimental and Theoretical DFT Study of Cu(I)/ N, N-Disubstituted- N'-acylthioureato Anticancer Complexes: Actin Cytoskeleton and Induction of Death by Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Cells. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:664-677. [PMID: 34928593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Six complexes with the general formula [Cu(acylthioureato)(PPh3)2] were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV/visible, and 1D and 2D NMR), mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Interpretation of the in vitro cytotoxicity data of Cu(I) complexes took into account their stability in cell culture medium. DFT calculations showed that NMR properties, such as the shielding of carbon atoms, are affected by relativistic effects, supported by the ZORA Hamiltonian in the theoretical calculations. Additionally, the calculation of the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals predicted that the structural changes of the acylthiourea ligands did not cause marked changes in the reactivity descriptors. All complexes were cytotoxic to the evaluated tumor cell lines [MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and A549 (lung cancer)]. In the MDA-MB-231 cell line, complex 1 significantly altered the cytoskeleton of the cells, reducing the density and promoting the condensation of F-actin filaments. In addition, the compound caused an increase in the percentage of cells in the fragmented DNA region (sub-G0) and induced cell death via the apoptotic pathway starting at the IC50 concentration. Taken together, the results show that complex 1 has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on TNBC cells, which is a cell line originating from an aggressive, difficult-to-treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celisnolia M Leite
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - João Honorato
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael G Silveira
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Ceres, Ceres, Goiás 76300000, Brazil
| | - Felippe M Colombari
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Laboratório Nacional de Biorrenováveis, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Amaral
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Analu R Costa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Cominetti
- Departamento de Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ana M Plutín
- Laboratório de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana - UH, Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Debora de Aguiar
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Goiás 74690900, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Goiás 74690900, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Goiás 74690900, Brazil
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Adhikari HS, Garai A, Thapa M, Adhikari R, Yadav PN. Chitosan functionalized thiophene-2-thiosemicarbazones, and their copper(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.2022982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Sharan Adhikari
- Institute of Engineering, Pashchimanchal Campus, Department of Applied Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Aditya Garai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Machchhendra Thapa
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Xi Y, Yan X, Bigdeli F, Zhang Q, Esrafili L, Hanifehpour Y, Zhang W, Hu M, Morsali A. Two new Cu (II) complexes based on 5‐fluorouracil‐1‐yl acetic acid and N‐donor ligands: Investigation of their interaction with DNA and anticancer activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Hong Xi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Xin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Fahime Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Leili Esrafili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Younes Hanifehpour
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University Asadabad Iran
| | - Wei‐Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Mao‐Lin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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Machado PHA, Paixão DA, Lino RC, de Souza TR, de Souza Bontempo NJ, Sousa LM, Van Petten de Vasconcelos Azevedo F, Orsolin PC, Lima PMAP, Martins IC, da Costa Guerra JF, Teixeira SC, Araújo TG, Goulart LR, Morelli S, Guerra W, de Oliveira Júnior RJ. A selective Cu II complex with 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide and phenanthroline displays DNA-cleaving and pro-apoptotic properties in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24450. [PMID: 34961767 PMCID: PMC8712526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The thin line between efficacy and toxicity has challenged cancer therapy. As copper is an essential micronutrient and is important to tumor biology, CuII complexes emerged as an alternative to chemotherapy; however, its biological properties need to be better understood. Thus, we report in vitro the antitumor effects of two CuII complexes named [Cu(4-fh)(phen)(ClO4)2] (complex 1) and [Cu(4-nh)(phen)(ClO4)2]·H2O (complex 2), in which 4-fh = 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide; 4-nh = 4-nitrobenzoic hydrazide and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. Both complexes presented cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, but only complex 1 showed significant selectivity. Complex 1 also induced DNA-damage, led to G0/G1 arrest and triggered apoptosis, which was initiated by an autophagy dysfunction. The significant in vitro selectivity and the action mechanism of complex 1 are noteworthy and reveal this prodrug as promising for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Campos Lino
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luana Munique Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia , Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandra Morelli
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Wendell Guerra
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Copper in tumors and the use of copper-based compounds in cancer treatment. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111634. [PMID: 34740035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is strictly regulated by protein transporters and chaperones, to allow its correct distribution and avoid uncontrolled redox reactions. Several studies address copper as involved in cancer development and spreading (epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis). However, being endogenous and displaying a tremendous potential to generate free radicals, copper is a perfect candidate, once opportunely complexed, to be used as a drug in cancer therapy with low adverse effects. Copper ions can be modulated by the organic counterpart, after complexed to their metalcore, either in redox potential or geometry and consequently reactivity. During the last four decades, many copper complexes were studied regarding their reactivity toward cancer cells, and many of them could be a drug choice for phase II and III in cancer therapy. Also, there is promising evidence of using 64Cu in nanoparticles as radiopharmaceuticals for both positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and treatment of hypoxic tumors. However, few compounds have gone beyond testing in animal models, and none of them got the status of a drug for cancer chemotherapy. The main challenge is their solubility in physiological buffers and their different and non-predictable mechanism of action. Moreover, it is difficult to rationalize a structure-based activity for drug design and delivery. In this review, we describe the role of copper in cancer, the effects of copper-complexes on tumor cell death mechanisms, and point to the new copper complexes applicable as drugs, suggesting that they may represent at least one component of a multi-action combination in cancer therapy.
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Wu J, Yang T, Wang X, Li W, Pang M, Sun H, Liang H, Yang F. Development of a multi-target anticancer Sn(ii) pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10909-10921. [PMID: 34313274 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed to design effective multi-target anticancer agents based on the chelation of nontoxic metals with ligands that possess anticancer activity. In total, five Sn(ii) pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes are synthesized and their activities are tested. Among these complexes, C5 is found to show the highest cytotoxicity on investigating their structure-activity relationships. In addition, C5 not only exhibits an effective inhibitory effect against tumor growth in vivo, but also suppresses angiogenesis and restricts the metastasis of cancer cells in vitro. Multiple mechanisms underlie the antitumor effect of C5, and they include acting against DNA, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting the activities of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL protein, metalloproteinase MMP2 and topoisomerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Min Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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Abdelrahman S, Alghrably M, Campagna M, Hauser CAE, Jaremko M, Lachowicz JI. Metal Complex Formation and Anticancer Activity of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Complexes with Metformin. Molecules 2021; 26:4730. [PMID: 34443319 PMCID: PMC8401132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for decades in millions of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In this time, correlations between metformin use and the occurrence of other disorders have been noted, as well as unpredictable metformin side effects. Diabetes is a significant cancer risk factor, but unexpectedly, metformin-treated diabetic patients have lower cancer incidence. Here, we show that metformin forms stable complexes with copper (II) ions. Both copper(I)/metformin and copper(II)/metformin complexes form adducts with glutathione, the main intracellular antioxidative peptide, found at high levels in cancer cells. Metformin reduces cell number and viability in SW1222 and K562 cells, as well as in K562-200 multidrug-resistant cells. Notably, the antiproliferative effect of metformin is enhanced in the presence of copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Abdelrahman
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mawadda Alghrably
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Charlotte Armgard Emma Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
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43
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Lee ZY, Leong CH, Lim KUL, Wong CCS, Pongtheerawan P, Arikrishnan SA, Tan KL, Loh JS, Low ML, How CW, Ong YS, Tor YS, Foo JB. Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy by Ternary Copper Complex Towards Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1159-1170. [PMID: 34315396 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210726132543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper complex has been gaining much attention in anticancer research as targeted agent since cancer cells uptake more copper than non-cancerous cells. Our group has synthesised a ternary copper complex which is composed of 1,10-phenanthroline and tyrosine [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20. These two payloads are designed to cleave DNA and inhibit protein degradation system (proteasome) concurrently in cancer cells, making this copper complex a dual-target compound. OBJECTIVE Current study was carried out to investigate the mode of cell death and role of autophagy induced by [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. METHODS Growth inhibition of [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 towards MDA-MB-231 and human non-cancerous MCF10A breast cells was determined by MTT assay. Annexin-V-FITC/PI and cell cycle analysis were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3 and LC3 were determined using western blot analysis. The cells were then co-treated with hydroxychloroquine to ascertain the role of autophagy induced by [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20. RESULTS [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 inhibited the growth of cancer cells dose-dependently with less toxicity towards MCF10A cells. Additionally, [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest towards MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells possibly via regulation of p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3 and capase-7. The expression of LC3II was upregulated in both cancer cell lines upon treatment with [Cu(phen)(L-tyr) Cl].3H20, indicating the induction of autophagy. Co-treatment with autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine significantly enhanced growth inhibition of both cell lines, suggesting that the autophagy induced by [Cu(phen)(L-tyr) Cl].3H20 in both breast cancer cells was promoting cell survival. CONCLUSION [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 holds great potential to be developed for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Chee Hong Leong
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Krystal U Ling Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Christopher Chun Sing Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Pornwasu Pongtheerawan
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, 222, Thai Buri, Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160. Thailand
| | - Sathiavani A Arikrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Kian Leong Tan
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - May Lee Low
- International Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Yin Sim Tor
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
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Poladian Q, Şahin O, Karakurt T, İlhan-Ceylan B, Kurt Y. A new zinc(II) complex with N2O2-tetradentate schiff-base derived from pyridoxal-S-methylthiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, DFT, molecular docking and antioxidant activity studies. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Synthesis, X-Ray Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking Studies of Nickel(II) Complex with Thiosemicarbazone Derivative. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:5536902. [PMID: 34135948 PMCID: PMC8175184 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5536902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents both experimental and computational study of a new Ni(II) complex, namely, bis{2-(2-trifluoromethylbenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamido-κ 2N2, S}nickel(II) (abbreviate as NiL2). The complex was synthesized and well characterized using various spectroscopic methods. The single X-ray crystallographic study revealed a distorted square planar geometry around Ni(II) metal ion centre in which the angles deviated from ideal 90° with a maximum value of 6.57° occupied by nitrogen and sulphur donor atoms. The theoretical bond lengths and angles for the NiL2 complex were obtained by using the B3LYP level of density function theory (DFT) with LANL2DZ/6-311G (d, p) basis sets. These results showed very good agreement with the experimental X-ray values. The electrophilicity index (ω = 50.233 eV) shows that the NiL2 complex is a very strong electrophile. In addition, strong F⋯H/H⋯F interactions with 28.5% of the total Hirshfeld surface analyses in NiL2 were obtained indicating that the complex could bind with protein effectively. Furthermore, the new NiL2 complex was docked with plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) (PDB id: 5NU7), which implied that the NiL2 complex bound to Tyrosine 133 and Aspartate 102 amino acids via N-H intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
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Prosser KE, Xie D, Chu A, MacNeil GA, Varju BR, Kadakia RT, Que EL, Walsby CJ. Copper(II) Pyridyl Aminophenolates: Hypoxia-Selective, Nucleus-Targeting Cytotoxins, and Magnetic Resonance Probes. Chemistry 2021; 27:9839-9849. [PMID: 33878230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the low-oxygen (hypoxic) environments found in many tumours by using redox-active metal complexes is a strategy that can enhance efficacy and reduce the side effects of chemotherapies. We have developed a series of CuII complexes with tridentate pyridine aminophenolate-based ligands for preferential activation in the reduction window provided by hypoxic tissues. Furthermore, ligand functionalization with a pendant CF3 group provides a 19 F spectroscopic handle for magnetic-resonance studies of redox processes at the metal centre and behaviour in cellular environments. The phenol group in the ligand backbone was substituted at the para position with H, Cl, and NO2 to modulate the reduction potential of the CuII centre, giving a range of values below the window expected for hypoxic tissues. The NO2 -substituted complex, which has the highest reduction potential, showed enhanced cytotoxic selectivity towards HeLa cells grown under hypoxic conditions. Cell death occurs by apoptosis, as determined by analysis of the cell morphology. A combination of 19 F NMR and ICP-OES indicates localization of the NO2 complex in HeLa cell nuclei and increased cellular accumulation under hypoxia. This correlates with DNA nuclease activity being the likely origin of cytotoxic activity, as demonstrated by cleavage of DNA plasmids in the presence of the CuII nitro complex and a reducing agent. Selective detection of the paramagnetic CuII complexes and their diamagnetic ligands by 19 F MRI suggests hypoxia-targeting theranostic applications by redox activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Da Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Annica Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gregory A MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Bryton R Varju
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Rahul T Kadakia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Charles J Walsby
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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İLHAN CEYLAN B. Oxovanadium(IV) template derived from benzophenone S-allyl thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, crystal structure, antioxidant activity and electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.911318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Guarra F, Pratesi A, Gabbiani C, Biver T. A focus on the biological targets for coinage metal-NHCs as potential anticancer complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111355. [PMID: 33596529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are the object of increasing attention for therapeutic purposes. Among the different metal centres, interest on Au-based compounds started with the application as anti-arthritis drugs. On the other hand, Ag(I) antimicrobial properties have been known for a long time. For Au(I)/Au(III)-NHC and Ag(I)-NHC anti-tumour and anti-proliferative properties have been quite recently demonstrated. In addition to these and as for Group 11, copper is a much less investigated metal centre, but a few papers underline its pharmacological potential. This review wants to focus on the different biological targets for these metal-based compounds. It is divided into chapters which are respectively devoted on: i) mitochondria and thiol oxidoreductase systems; ii) other relevant enzymes; iii) nucleic acids. Examples of representative coinage NHCs for each of the targets are provided together with significant references on recent advances on the topic. Moreover, a final comment summarises the aspects enlightened by each chapter and provides some hints to better understand the metal-NHCs mechanistic behaviour based on structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Ferraz de Paiva RE, Vieira EG, Rodrigues da Silva D, Wegermann CA, Costa Ferreira AM. Anticancer Compounds Based on Isatin-Derivatives: Strategies to Ameliorate Selectivity and Efficiency. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:627272. [PMID: 33614708 PMCID: PMC7889591 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.627272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we compare and discuss results of compounds already reported as anticancer agents based on isatin-derivatives, metalated as well as non-metallated. Isatin compounds can be obtained from plants, marine animals, and is also found in human fluids as a metabolite of amino acids. Its derivatives include imines, hydrazones, thiosemicarbazones, among others, already focused on numerous anticancer studies. Some of them have entered in pre-clinical and clinical tests as antiangiogenic compounds or inhibitors of crucial proteins. As free ligands or coordinated to metal ions, such isatin derivatives showed promising antiproliferative properties against different cancer cells, targeting different biomolecules or organelles. Binding to metal ions usually improves its biological properties, indicating a modulation by the metal and by the ligand in a synergistic process. They also reveal diverse mechanisms of action, being able of binding DNA, generating reactive species that cause oxidative damage, and inhibiting selected proteins. Strategies used to improve the efficiency and selectivity of these compounds comprise structural modification of the ligands, metalation with different ions, syntheses of mononuclear and dinuclear species, and use of inserted or anchored compounds in selected drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Guimarães Vieira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Anchau Wegermann
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Costa Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Shahi N, Pandey V, Pathak A, Thapa RS, Pokhrel P, Pokharel YR, Yadav PN. Anticancer potential of 3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxaldehyde N(4)-methyl and pyrrolidinylthiosemicarbazones and their Zn(II) complexes in different cancers via targeting MAPK superfamily signaling pathway. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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