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Zhou J, Luo W, Song S, Wang Z, Zhu X, Gao S, He W, Xu J. The Impact of High-Temperature Stress on the Growth and Development of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). INSECTS 2024; 15:423. [PMID: 38921138 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Insect life processes and reproductive behaviors are significantly affected by extremely high temperatures. This study focused on Tuta absoluta, which poses a severe threat to tomato cultivars. The effects of intense heat stress on the growth, development, oviposition, and longevity of T. absoluta were investigated. This investigation encompassed various developmental stages, including eggs, pupae, and adults. This study revealed that egg hatching and pupa emergence rates were significantly reduced at a temperature of 44 °C maintained for 6 h. The longevity of adults that emerged after the egg and pupal stages were exposed to 44 °C for 6 h was significantly reduced compared to the control. Notably, there was no significant variation in adult fecundity after egg-stage exposure to high temperatures. However, all treatments exhibited significantly reduced fecundity compared to the control after exposure to high temperatures during the pupal stage. Adult survival rates after exposure to 40 °C and 44 °C for 3 h were 74.29% and 22.40%, respectively, dramatically less than that of the control, which was 100%. However, no significant differences were noted in terms of longevity and egg production. These results offer a better understanding of the complex interactions between extreme temperatures and the life history traits of T. absoluta, thereby offering valuable insights for implementing management strategies to alleviate its impact on tomato crops in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhou
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Wenfang Luo
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Suqin Song
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Zhuhong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiafen Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Shuaijun Gao
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Wei He
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
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Gu S, Qi T, Rohr JR, Liu X. Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:2004-2027. [PMID: 37932385 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events (EWEs; for example, heatwaves, cold spells, storms, floods and droughts) and non-native species invasions are two major threats to global biodiversity and are increasing in both frequency and consequences. Here we synthesize 443 studies and apply multilevel mixed-effects metaregression analyses to compare the responses of 187 non-native and 1,852 native animal species across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems to different types of EWE. Our results show that marine animals, regardless of whether they are non-native or native, are overall insensitive to EWEs, except for negative effects of heatwaves on native mollusks, corals and anemone. By contrast, terrestrial and freshwater non-native animals are only adversely affected by heatwaves and storms, respectively, whereas native animals negatively respond to heatwaves, cold spells and droughts in terrestrial ecosystems and are vulnerable to most EWEs except cold spells in freshwater ecosystems. On average, non-native animals displayed low abundance in terrestrial ecosystems, and decreased body condition and life history traits in freshwater ecosystems, whereas native animals displayed declines in body condition, life history traits, abundance, distribution and recovery in terrestrial ecosystems, and community structure in freshwater ecosystems. By identifying areas with high overlap between EWEs and EWE-tolerant non-native species, we also provide locations where native biodiversity might be adversely affected by their joint effects and where EWEs might facilitate the establishment and/or spread of non-native species under continuing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Yan XR, Wang ZY, Feng SQ, Zhao ZH, Li ZH. Impact of Temperature Change on the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda under Global Climate Change. INSECTS 2022; 13:981. [PMID: 36354805 PMCID: PMC9693636 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797), known as an important agricultural pest around the world, is indigenous to the tropical-subtropical regions in the Western Hemisphere, although its distribution has expanded over large parts of America, Africa, Asia and Oceania in the last few years. The pest causes considerable costs annually coupled with its strong invasion propensity. Temperature is identified as the dominant abiotic factor affecting herbivorous insects. Several efforts have reported that temperature directly or indirectly influences the geographic distribution, phenology and natural enemies of the poikilothermal FAW, and thus may affect the damage to crops, e.g., the increased developmental rate accelerates the intake of crops at higher temperatures. Under some extreme temperatures, the FAW is likely to regulate various genes expression in response to environmental changes, which causes a wider viability and possibility of invasion threat. Therefore, this paper seeks to review and critically consider the variations of developmental indicators, the relationships between the FAW and its natural enemies and the temperature tolerance throughout its developmental stage at varying levels of heat/cold stress. Based on this, we discuss more environmentally friendly and economical control measures, we put forward future challenges facing climate change, we further offer statistical basics and instrumental guidance significance for informing FAW pest forecasting, risk analyses and a comprehensive management program for effective control globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui Yan
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhen-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shi-Qian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi-Hua Zhao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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4
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Kingsolver JG, Buckley LB. Ontogenetic variation in thermal sensitivity shapes insect ecological responses to climate change. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 41:17-24. [PMID: 32599547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insects have distinct life stages that can differ in their responses to environmental factors. We discuss empirical evidence and theoretical models for ontogenetic variation in thermal sensitivity and performance curves (TPCs). Data on lower thermal limits for development (T0) demonstrate variation between stages within a species that is of comparable magnitude to variation among species; we illustrate the consequences of such ontogenetic variation for developmental responses to changing temperature. Ontogenetic variation in optimal temperatures and upper thermal limits has been reported in some systems, but current data are too limited to identify general patterns. The shapes of TPCs for different fitness components such as juvenile survival, adult fecundity, and generation time differ in characteristic ways, with important consequences for understanding fitness in varying thermal environments. We highlight a theoretical framework for incorporating ontogenetic variation into process-based models of population responses to seasonal variation and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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Ali S, Li P, Ali A, Hou M. Comparison of upper sublethal and lethal temperatures in three species of rice planthoppers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16191. [PMID: 31700122 PMCID: PMC6838088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor for ectotherms' fitness and survival. The upper sublethal and lethal temperatures were compared between adults of three closely related destructive planthopper species, the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH), the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH), and the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH) in the absence and presence of the host plant (Oryza sativa, var. Taichong1). Values of the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) were higher in SBPH than in both BPH and WBPH and higher in BPH than in WBPH, and values of the heat coma temperatures (HCT) were higher in both BPH and SBPH than in WBPH. CTmax and HCT values were higher in the presence than in the absence of plant material. Between sexes, females generally showed higher CTmax and HCT than males. The upper lethal temperatures (ULT50) measured in the absence of plant material were not significantly different among the planthopper species. The planthoppers also exhibited different behaviors in an increasing temperature regime, with fewer insects dropping-off from the plant in SBPH than in BPH and WBPH. These results indicate that SBPH and BPH are more heat tolerant than WBPH. The findings highlight the biological divergence in closely related planthopper species and the importance of performing the heat tolerance measurement in an ecologically relevant setting, which serves to predict seasonal and spatial occurrence patterns of the destructive planthopper species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Asad Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Maolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin, Ministry of Agriculture, Guilin, 541399, China. .,Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Zhao F, Xing K, Hoffmann AA, Ma CS. The importance of timing of heat events for predicting the dynamics of aphid pest populations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1866-1874. [PMID: 30663223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and there is growing interest in their impact on pest organisms. Previous work indicates that effects depend on the timing of the stress event, whose impact needs to be characterized across the full set of developmental stages and exposure periods of an organism. Here, we undertake such a detailed assessment using heat stress (20-35 °C diurnal cycle) across the nymph and adult stages of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius). RESULTS Stress-related mortality increased with stress duration at all stages; effects were less severe at the late nymphal stage. Effects on longevity adults after stress showed a complex pattern with nymphal heat stress, increasing with stress duration at the late nymphal stage, but decreasing with duration at the early nymphal stage. Longevity was also reduced by adult stress although to a lesser extent, and patterns were not connected to duration. Post-stress productivity decreased following adult and nymphal stress and the decrease tended to be correlated with stress duration. The rate of offspring production was more affected by adult stress than nymphal stress. Productivity and longevity effects, when combined, showed that the largest effect of heat stress occurred at the early nymphal stage. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the complex ways in which heat stress at a particular life stage influences later fitness and they also emphasize the importance of considering multiple fitness components when assessing stress effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bodlah MA, Gu LL, Tan Y, Liu XD. Behavioural adaptation of the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to short-term heat stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 100:28-34. [PMID: 28522415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under ongoing climate warming, both the degree and number of high-temperature events in summer may increase, and behavioural adaptation is an important ecological strategy employed by insects to cope with such events. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Güenée, is a serious insect pest of rice fields in summer. Population outbreaks have become more frequent in the last ten years. In addition to adult migration, rice leaf folders are thought to have other thermal adaptations. Therefore, the behaviours of larval and adult rice leaf folders, such as leaf folding (making shelter) and habitat selection for pupae and eggs, were observed on rice plants under heat stress. The results showed that larval shelter-making velocities significantly decreased during or after four hours of heat exposure, and shelter size decreased as the temperature increased. Larvae preferred to pupate on young rice leaves at 27°C and middle-aged leaves at 30°C, but they strongly preferred older leaves when reared at 34°C. Female moths generally preferred to oviposit on the top of young leaves, but they preferred the middle and lower leaves for egg deposition when exposed to 36 and 40°C, respectively. Furthermore, more eggs were distributed on the lower surfaces of rice leaves with an increase in heat stress. These behavioural responses of rice leaf folders to heat stress indicate that this pest has great potential to adapt to high temperatures; therefore, the possibility of a population outbreak will remain high despite global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling-Ling Gu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ye Tan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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8
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Bodlah MA, Zhu AX, Liu XD. Host choice, settling and folding leaf behaviors of the larval rice leaf folder under heat stress. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 106:809-817. [PMID: 27443747 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), in summer. Although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. Therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits of C. medinalis including host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. The results revealed that these behavioral traits were clearly influenced by high temperature. The larvae preferred maize leaves rather than rice and wheat at normal temperature of 27°C, but larvae experienced a higher temperature of 37 or 40°C for 4 h preferred rice leaves rather than maize and wheat. Capacity of young larvae to find host leaves or settle on the upper surface of leaves significantly reduced when they were treated by high temperature. High temperature of 40°C reduced the leaf-folding capacity of the third instar larvae, but no effects were observed on the fourth and fifth instar larvae. Short-term heat acclimation could not improve the capacity of the third instar larvae to make leaf fold under 40°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bodlah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
| | - A-X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
| | - X-D Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
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Alford L, Andrade TO, Georges R, Burel F, van Baaren J. Could behaviour and not physiological thermal tolerance determine winter survival of aphids in cereal fields? PLoS One 2014; 9:e114982. [PMID: 25490555 PMCID: PMC4260916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traits of physiological thermotolerance are commonly measured in the laboratory as predictors of the field success of ectotherms at unfavourable temperatures (e.g. during harsh winters, heatwaves, or under conditions of predicted global warming). Due to being more complicated to measure, behavioural thermoregulation is less commonly studied, although both physiology and behaviour interact to explain the survival of ectotherms. The aphids Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae are commercially important pests of temperate cereal crops. Although coexisting, these species markedly differ in winter success, with R. padi being the most abundant species during cold winters, followed by S. avenae and lastly M. dirhodum. To better understand the thermal physiology and behavioural factors contributing to differential winter success, the lethal temperature (physiological thermotolerance) and the behaviour of aphids in a declining temperature regime (behavioural thermotolerance) of these three species were investigated. Physiological thermotolerance significantly differed between the three species, with R. padi consistently the least cold tolerant and S. avenae the most cold tolerant. However, although the least cold tolerant of the study species, significantly more R. padi remained attached to the host plant at extreme sub-zero temperatures than S. avenae and M. dirhodum. Given the success of anholocyclic R. padi in harsh winters compared to its anholocyclic counterparts, this study illustrates that behavioural differences could be more important than physiological thermotolerance in explaining resistance to extreme temperatures. Furthermore it highlights that there is a danger to studying physiological thermotolerance in isolation when ascertaining risks of ectotherm invasions, the establishment potential of exotic species in glasshouses, or predicting species impacts under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Alford
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Rennes Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Romain Georges
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Burel
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Rennes Cedex, France
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Culumber ZW, Monks S. Resilience to extreme temperature events: acclimation capacity and body condition of a polymorphic fish in response to thermal stress. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W. Culumber
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Pachuca Hidalgo 42001 Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones de las Huastecas Aguazarca; 16 de Septiembre Aguazarca Calnali Hidalgo 392 Mexico
| | - Scott Monks
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Pachuca Hidalgo 42001 Mexico
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