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Tan L, Wu H, Wang X, Liu Z, Hu J, Zheng X. Regulation of opsin and circadian clock genes on mate-finding behavior of the day-flying red moth, Phauda flammans (Walker). Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:1142-1155. [PMID: 39046293 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2382315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
First, significantly higher mate-finding success was found under light condition than under constant darkness condition in Phauda flammans, a typical diurnal moth. We speculate that mate-finding behavior in P. flammans may be influenced by the light-sensitive opsin genes Long wavelength opsin (PfLW), Ultraviolet opsin (PfUV) and Blue opsin (PfBL), which are potentially regulated by both light-cues and endogenous circadian rhythms. Second, the circadian clock genes Period (PfPer), Timeless (PfTim), Cryptochrome1 (PfCry1), Cryptochrome2 (PfCRY2), Cryptochrome3 (PfCry-like), Clock (PfClk), Cycle (PfCyc), Vrille (PfVri), and Slimb (PfSli) were identified in P. flammans. Third, circadian rhythms in the relative expression levels of opsin and circadian clock genes were demonstrated via quantitative real-time PCR analysis, with peak expression coinciding with the mate-finding peak. Notably, the relative expression of PfLW in males P. flammans was significantly higher than that in females P. flammans at the mate-finding peaks Zeitgeber time (ZT) 8 and ZT 10 under light, while the expression of the opsin gene PfBL showed a similar pattern at ZT 10 under light. Additionally, the expression of the clock gene PfCry-like was significantly higher in males than in females at ZT 8 and ZT 10 under light, while PfPer, PfTim, PfClk and PfCyc exhibited similar male-biased expression patterns at ZT 10 under light. Conversely, PfCry1 and PfVri expression was significantly higher in females than in male at ZT 8 under light. In conclusion, sex differences were detected in the expression of opsin and circadian clock genes, which indicated that light-mediated regulation of these genes may contribute to the daytime mate-finding behavior of P. flammans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusu Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haipan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Teng Z, Huo M, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Lin Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Wan F, Zhou H. Circadian Activity and Clock Genes in Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae: Implications for Field Applications and Circadian Clock Mechanisms of Parasitoid Wasps. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050486. [PMID: 37233114 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of circadian rhythms in insect behavior, our understanding of circadian activity and the molecular oscillatory mechanism in parasitoid wasp circadian clocks is limited. In this study, behavioral activities expected to be under the control of the endogenous circadian system were characterized in an ectoparasitoid wasp, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae. Most adults exhibited emergence between late night and early morning, while mating only occurred during the daytime, with a peak at midday. Oviposition had three peaks in the early morning, late day, or early night and late night. Additionally, we identified eight putative clock genes from P. vindemmiae. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) results indicate that most clock genes showed significant rhythmic expressions. Our comparative analysis of clock genes in P. vindemmiae and 43 other parasitoid wasps revealed that none of the wasps possessed the timeless and cry1 genes commonly found in some other insect species, suggesting that the circadian clock system in parasitoid wasps is distinct from that in other non-Hymenoptera insects such as Drosophila. Thus, this study attempted to build the first hypothetical circadian clock model for a parasitoid wasp, thus generating hypotheses and providing a platform for the future functional characterization of P. vindemmiae clock genes as well as those of other parasitoid wasps. Finally, these findings on P. vindemmiae circadian activity will aid the development of effective field release programs for biological control, which can be tested under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Teng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mengran Huo
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hongxu Zhou
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Ecological Security, China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Tobita H, Kiuchi T. Knockouts of positive and negative elements of the circadian clock disrupt photoperiodic diapause induction in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 149:103842. [PMID: 36115518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is one of the most important traits that have sustained insects to thrive. To survive harsh seasons, most insects can arrest their development and enter diapause. The photoperiod is the signal that indicates insects the proper timing to enter diapause. Circadian clock genes are shown to be involved in photoperiodic diapause induction in various insect species. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, enters diapause at the embryonic stage. In bivoltine strains, diapause determination is under maternal control and affected by temperature and photoperiodic conditions that mothers experienced during embryonic and larval stages. Two independent studies showed that knocking out the core clock gene, period, perturb photoperiodic diapause induction in B. mori. However, whether the circadian clock as whole or individual clock genes are responsible for the photoperiodic diapause induction remains unknown. In this study, using CRISPR/Cas9 we knocked out negative (period and timeless) and positive elements (Clock and cycle) in p50T, a bivoltine strain which exhibits photoperiodic diapause induction during both embryonic and larval stages. The temporal expression patterns of clock genes changed in each core clock gene knockout strain, suggesting disruption of normal feedback loops produced by circadian clock genes. Furthermore, the ability of female moths to appropriately produce diapause or non-diapause eggs in response to photoperiod in both embryonic and larval stages was lost in all knockout strains. Our results indicate the involvement of circadian clock in photoperiodic diapause induction in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Tobita
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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