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Qiao Y, Han F, Lu K, Zhou L, Rombenso A, Li E. Effects of Dietary β-Glucan Feeding Strategy on the Growth, Physiological Response, and Gut Microbiota of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, under Low Salinity. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3778. [PMID: 38136815 PMCID: PMC10740417 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a dietary β-glucan application strategy on the growth performance, physiological response, and gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (0.49 ± 0.17 g) under low salinity. Six feeding strategies were established, including a continuous β-glucan-free diet group (control), a continuously fed group with a 0.1% β-glucan diet (T1), and groups with the following intermittent feeding patterns: 1 day of β-glucan diet and 6 days of β-glucan-free diet (T2), 2 days of β-glucan diet and 5 days of β-glucan-free diet (T3), 3 days of β-glucan diet and 4 days of β-glucan-free diet (T4), and 4 days of β-glucan diet and 3 days of β-glucan-free diet (T5) each week. No significant differences in growth performance among all the groups were found, although the condition factor was significantly higher in the T3 group than in the T1 and T5 groups (p < 0.05). The T-AOC and GPX activities were significantly lower in the T3 group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The MDA content was also significantly lower in the T2 group than in the T3 and T4 groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA expression of the Pen3a gene was significantly upregulated in the hepatopancreas of the T4 group compared to the control and T5 groups (p < 0.05), and the Toll gene was also significantly upregulated in the T3 group compared to the T1 and T2 groups (p < 0.05). Dietary β-glucan induced changes in the alpha diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in different feeding strategies. The beta diversity of the gut microbiota in the T2 group was significantly different from that in the control group. The results of a KEGG analysis showed that gut function in the carbohydrate metabolism, immune system, and environmental adaptation pathways was significantly enhanced in the T3 group. These findings provide evidence that the intermittent feeding strategy of β-glucan could alleviate immune fatigue, impact antioxidant ability, and change gut microbiota composition of L. vannamei under low salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Fenglu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kunyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (K.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Artur Rombenso
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, Bribie Island, QLD 4507, Australia;
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
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Vijayaram S, Ringø E, Zuorro A, van Doan H, Sun Y. Beneficial roles of nutrients as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Iunes RS, Branco PC, Pressinotti LN, de Carvalho RAL, da Silva JRM. Does the heterotrophic system influence the cellular immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp? In vitro phagocytosis indices and superoxide anion production comparisons. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Aoki T, Wang HC, Unajak S, Santos MD, Kondo H, Hirono I. Microarray analyses of shrimp immune responses. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:629-638. [PMID: 20393773 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture is one of the major foodproducing industries in the world. However, it is being impacted by several problems including diseases, antibiotic use, and environmental factors. The extent of the effects of these problems in the immune system of the shrimp at the molecular level is just beginning to be understood. Here, we review the gene expression profile of shrimp in response to some of these problems using the high-throughput microarray analysis, including white spot syndrome virus, yellow head virus, Vibrio spp., peptidoglycan, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, salinity, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Aoki
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7 Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Merrifield DL, Harper GM, Mustafa S, Carnevali O, Picchietti S, Davies SJ. Effect of dietary alginic acid on juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intestinal microbial balance, intestinal histology and growth performance. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 344:135-46. [PMID: 21258943 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a commercial alginic acid source (Ergosan) on tilapia Oreochromis niloticus intestinal microbial balance, intestinal morphology, and growth parameters. Fish were fed a basal control diet or the basal diet plus a source of alginic acid (5 g kg(-1) Ergosan; Schering-Plough Aquaculture, UK) for 9 weeks. At the end of the trial, light and electron microscopy demonstrated that the morphology of the intestinal tract at the gross and ultra-structural level was not affected by dietary alginic acid inclusion. Both groups of fish displayed healthy, normal morphology with no signs of disease, cell or tissue damage. Intestinal epithelial leucocyte infiltration was not affected by dietary alginic acid. Molecular bacterial profiles derived from PCR-DGGE illustrated highly similar microbial communities (both within the lumen and associated with the intestinal mucosa) in the respective treatment groups. Microbial ecological parameters (e.g. species diversity and richness) also remained unaffected. Although not significant, trends towards elevated survival and body protein content were observed in the alginic acid-fed fish. These results are suggestive that alginic acid does not adversely impact the indigenous gastrointestinal microbial balance and subsequently does not impact upon the epithelial brush border integrity. Validation of non-detrimental impacts of immunostimulatory products on gastric microbiota and epithelial integrity should be pursued in future studies as maintaining microbial balance and epithelial integrity is essential for proper gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Merrifield
- Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition Research Group, School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, The University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK.
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Sheikhzadeh N, Reza A, Allah JJR, Hossein TN. Effect of Ergosan on semen quality of male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:183-8. [PMID: 20810224 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Ergosan on seminal plasma compositions and spermatological parameters in rainbow trout. Male rainbow trout broodstocks (2300 ± 200 g) were fed diets containing Ergosan at 2 different concentrations (6 mg kg(-1) and 20 mg kg(-1)) and control diet without Ergosan for 20 days and on day 22 fish semen were sampled. Results suggest that Ergosan in dietary intake, significantly increased the spermatocrit and sperm count in 20 mg kg(-1) group and Ca(2+) in both treatment groups compared to control group (P<0.05). The values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) had significant decrease in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Significant correlations were determined between sperm count versus K(+) value (r=-0.838, P<0.05) and glucose level (r=+0.835, P<0.05) in fish administrated with 20 mg kg(-1) of Ergosan. In group treated with 6 mg kg(-1), significant correlation between Na(+) and duration of sperm motility (r=+0.999, P<0.05) was shown. Meanwhile, glucose level versus percent of sperm motility (r=+0.866, P<0.05) showed significant correlation in this group. Sperm count versus total protein level (r=+0.817, P<0.05) showed significant correlation in control group. Results indicated that Ergosan had a potential efficacy on semen quality in rainbow trout broodstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Heidarieh M, Afsharnasa M, Soltani M, Dashtyanna A, Rajabifar S, Sheikhzade N, Tamimi A. Effects of Ergosan and Vibromax to Prevent Vibriosis and WSSV in Litopeaneus vannamei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2010.120.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ahmadifar E, Azari Taka G, Sudagar M. Growth Performance, Survival and Immunostimulation, of Beluga (Huso huso) Juvenile Following Dietary Administration of Alginic Acid (Ergosan). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.227.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Faghani T, Kousha A, Azari Taka G, Faghani S. Study on Growth Performance, Survival Rate, Hematological Parameters in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchos mykiss) in Mazandaran Province of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2008.398.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hauton C, Smith VJ. Adaptive immunity in invertebrates: A straw house without a mechanistic foundation. Bioessays 2007; 29:1138-46. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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