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Eroglu GB, Karimi J. Whole genome analysis of a novel Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate (SeMNPV-IR) to Iran. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023; 78:1-12. [PMID: 37363644 PMCID: PMC10091331 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are successful microbial control agents used in the biological control of agricultural pest species, especially in the order Lepidoptera. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua is a popular agricultural pest in the world. S exigua larvae, which are active in the all-summer period, cause economic losses by damaging many crops in agricultural production areas. This article aims to analyze the full genome of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses from Iran (SeMNPV-IR) and to determine the geographical difference between the strains at the genomic level. The full genome of SeMNPV-IR is 135.764 base pairs in length that contained 136 open reading frames (ORFs), and 43.92% G + C content. The seven homologous repeated (hr) regions were identified. In the results of genome-wide phylogenetic analysis, it was determined that the SeMNPV-IR genome isolated from Iran was interestingly close to the genome of the US and Korea isolates. However, there are significant differences in the two hypothetical (Orf 83 and Orf 104) genes. The SeMNPV-IR has a unique homolog repeat region (hr1, 96 bp) that is not found in other SeMNPV genomes, and it also differs in terms of the hr2 region. In silico restriction endonuclease analysis by StuI and SacII enzymes show that there were significant differences between all geographic isolates of SeMNPV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11756-023-01399-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Busra Eroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, 25200 Turkey
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Williams T, Melo-Molina GDC, Jiménez-Fernández JA, Weissenberger H, Gómez-Díaz JS, Navarro-de-la-Fuente L, Richards AR. Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica. INSECTS 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 36662012 PMCID: PMC9864064 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occlusion bodies (OBs) of lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses can persist in soil for extended periods before being transported back on to the foliage for transmission to the host insect. A sensitive insect bioassay technique was used to detect OBs of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) in 186 soil samples collected from maize fields in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo, as well Belize and Guatemala. Overall, 35 (18.8%) samples proved positive for SfMNPV OBs. The frequency of OB-positive samples varied significantly among Mexican states and countries (p < 0.05). Between 1.7 and 4.4% of S. frugiperda larvae that consumed OB-positive samples died from polyhedrosis disease. Restriction endonuclease analysis using PstI and HindIII confirmed that the soil-derived isolates were strains of SfMNPV and that genetic diversity was evident among the isolates. The prevalence of OB-positive soil samples did not differ with altitude or extension (area) of the maize field, but it was significantly higher in fields with the presence of living maize plants compared to those containing dead plants or crop residues (p < 0.05). Georeferenced soil samples were used to identify soil types on digitized soil maps. Lithosol and Luvisol soils had a higher than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (42−45% positive) (p = 0.006), as did Andosol, Gleysol, and Vertisol soils (33−60% OB-positive), although the sample sizes were small (<5 samples) for the latter three soils. In contrast, Cambisol soils had a lower than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (5% positive). Bioassays on Acrisol, Fluvisol, Phaeozem, and Rendzina soils resulted in intermediate levels of OB-positive samples. We conclude that certain soil types may favor OB persistence and virus-mediated biological pest control. The soil is also likely to provide a valuable source of genetic diversity for the design of virus-based insecticides against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Williams
- Instituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
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Hussain AG, Wennmann JT, Goergen G, Bryon A, Ros VI. Viruses of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: A Review with Prospects for Biological Control. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112220. [PMID: 34835026 PMCID: PMC8625175 DOI: 10.3390/v13112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a native pest species in the Western hemisphere. Since it was first reported in Africa in 2016, FAW has spread throughout the African continent and is now also present in several countries in Asia as well as Australia. The invasion of FAW in these areas has led to a high yield reduction in crops, leading to huge economic losses. FAW management options in the newly invaded areas are limited and mainly rely on the use of synthetic pesticides. Since there is a risk of resistance development against pesticides in addition to the negative environmental and human health impacts, other effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient control alternatives are desired. Insect pathogenic viruses fulfil these criteria as they are usually effective and highly host-specific with no significant harmful effect on beneficial insects and non-target organisms. In this review, we discuss all viruses known from FAW and their potential to be used for biological control. We specifically focus on baculoviruses and describe the recent advancements in the use of baculoviruses for biological control in the native geographic origin of FAW, and their potential use in the newly invaded areas. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and suggest new avenues for productive research on the use of viruses as a biopesticide against FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Hussain
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jörg T. Wennmann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Georg Goergen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Biological Control Centre for Africa, Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin;
| | - Astrid Bryon
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera I.D. Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Popham HJR, Rowley DL, Harrison RL. Differential insecticidal properties of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates against corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm, and genomic analysis of three isolates. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107561. [PMID: 33639152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North, Central, and South America that recently has spread to Africa and Asia. Isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) have the potential to be developed as low-risk biopesticides for management of fall armyworm, and a commercially available formulation has been developed for control of fall armyworm in North and South America. In this study, the virulence (LC50 and LT50) of several SfMNPV isolates towards larvae of both corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm was assessed. Bioassays with corn-strain larvae revealed that the isolates could be organized into fast-killing (LT50 < 56 h post-infection) and slow-killing (LT50 > 68 h post-infection) groups. Rice-strain larvae exhibited narrower ranges of susceptibility to baculovirus infection and of survival times in bioassays with different isolates. Two SfMNPV isolates with rapid speeds of kill (SfMNPV-459 from Colombia and SfMNPV-1197 from Georgia, USA) along with an isolate that killed corn-strain at relatively low concentrations (SfMNPV-281 from Georgia) were selected for the complete determination of their genome sequences. The SfMNPV-1197 genome sequence shared high sequence identity with genomes of a Nicaraguan isolate, while SfMNPV-281 formed a separate clade with a USA and a Brazilian isolate in phylogenetic trees. The SfMNPV-459 sequence was more divergent with the lowest genome sequence identities in pairwise alignments with other sequenced SfMNPV genomes, and was not grouped reliably with either the 1197 clade or the 281 clade. SfMNPV-459 contained homologs of two ORFs that were unique to another Colombian isolate, but these isolates were not placed in the same clade in phylogenetic trees. This study identifies isolates with superior properties for control of fall armyworm and adds to our knowledge of the genetics of SfMNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J R Popham
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1503 S. Providence Road, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Genomic diversity in a population of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 90:104749. [PMID: 33540087 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) represents a strong candidate to develop environmental-friendly pesticides against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a widespread pest that poses a severe threat to different crops around the world. To date, SfMNPV genomic diversity of different isolates has been mainly studied by means of restriction pattern analyses and by sequencing of the egt region. Here, the genomic diversity present inside an isolate of SfMNPV was explored using high-throughput sequencing for the first time. We identified 704 intrahost single nucleotide variants, from which 184 are nonsynonymous mutations distributed among 82 different coding sequences. We detected several structural variants affecting SfMNPV genome, including two previously reported deletions inside the egt region. A comparative analysis between polymorphisms present in different SfMNPV isolates and our intraisolate diversity data suggests that coding regions with higher genetic diversity are associated with oral infectivity or unknown functions. In this context, through molecular evolution studies we provide evidence of diversifying selection acting on sf29, a putative collagenase which could contribute to the oral infectivity of SfMNPV. Overall, our results contribute to deepen our understanding of the coevolution between SfMNPV and the fall armyworm and will be useful to improve the applicability of this virus as a biological control agent.
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Boogaard B, Evers F, van Lent JWM, van Oers MM. The baculovirus Ac108 protein is a per os infectivity factor and a component of the ODV entry complex. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:669-678. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bob Boogaard
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Evers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. M. van Lent
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M. van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Baculovirus Per Os Infectivity Factor Complex: Components and Assembly. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02053-18. [PMID: 30602603 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02053-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus entry into insect midgut cells is dependent on a multiprotein complex of per os infectivity factors (PIFs) on the envelopes of occlusion-derived virions (ODVs). The structure and assembly of the PIF complex are largely unknown. To reveal the complete members of the complex, a combination of blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and Western blotting was conducted on three different baculoviruses. The results showed that the PIF complex has a molecular mass of ∼500 kDa and consists of nine PIFs, including a newly discovered member (PIF9). To decipher the assembly process, each pif gene was knocked out from the Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) genome individually by use of synthetic baculovirus technology, and the impact on PIF complex formation was investigated. Deletion of pif8 resulted in the formation of an ∼400-kDa subcomplex. Deletion of pif0, -4, -6, -7, or -9 resulted in a subcomplex of ∼230 kDa, but deletion of pif1, -2, or -3 abolished formation of any complex. Taken together, our data identified a core complex of ∼230 kDa, consisting of PIF1, -2, and -3. This revised the previous knowledge that the core complex was about 170 kDa and contained PIF1 to -4. Analysis of the PIF complex in cellular fractions suggested that it is assembled in the cytoplasm before being transported to the nucleus and subsequently incorporated into the envelopes of ODVs. Only the full complex, not the subcomplex, is resistant to proteolytic attack, indicating the essentiality of correct complex assembly for oral infection.IMPORTANCE Entry of baculovirus into host insects is mediated by a per os infectivity factor (PIF) complex on the envelopes of occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs). Knowledge of the composition and structure of the PIF complex is fundamental to understanding its mode of action. By using multiple approaches, we determined the complete list of proteins (nine) in the PIF complex. In contrast to previous knowledge in the field, the core complex is revised to ∼230 kDa and consists of PIF1 to -3 but not PIF4. Interestingly, our results suggest that the PIF complex is formed in the cytoplasm prior to its transport to the nucleus and subsequent incorporation into ODVs. Only the full complex is resistant to proteolytic degradation in the insect midgut, implying the critical role of the entire complex. These findings provide the baseline for future studies on the ODV entry mechanism mediated by the multiprotein complex.
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Li S, Li L, Zhao H, Liu W. Disruption of Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus ac111 Results in Reduced per os Infectivity in a Host-Dependent Manner. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100527. [PMID: 30262719 PMCID: PMC6213390 DOI: 10.3390/v10100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ac111 gene is highly conserved in lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses, and its function in the AcMNPV life cycle is still unknown. To investigate the function of ac111, an ac111-knockout AcMNPV (vAc111KO) was constructed through homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. Viral growth curve analysis and plaque assays showed that the deletion of ac111 had no effect on infectious budded virion production. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that viral DNA replication was unaffected in the absence of ac111. Electron microscopy revealed that the ac111 deletion did not affect nucleocapsid assembly, occlusion-derived virion formation, or the embedding of occlusion-derived virions into the occlusion bodies. However, in vivo bioassays showed that although the deletion of ac111 did not affect the per os infectivity of AcMNPV in Spodoptera exigua larvae, it led to an approximately five-fold reduction in infectivity of AcMNPV in Trichoplusia ni larvae, and vAc111KO took approximately 21 h longer to kill Trichoplusia ni larvae than the wild-type viruses. Taken together, our results demonstrated that although ac111 is not essential for virus replication in vitro, it plays an important role in the per os infectivity of AcMNPV in a host-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Li
- Department of Biology, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Haizhou Zhao
- Department of Biology, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Biology, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
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Makalliwa GA, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang N, Chen C, Li J, Deng F, Wang H, Wang M, Hu Z. HearNPV Pseudotyped with PIF1, 2, and 3 from MabrNPV: Infectivity and Complex Stability. Virol Sin 2018; 33:187-196. [PMID: 29549650 PMCID: PMC6178116 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective oral infection is set off by interaction of a group of conserved per os infectivity factors (PIFs) with larval midgut columnar epithelial cells. We constructed pseudotyped viruses by substituting pif1, pif2 or pif3 genes of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) with their homologs from Mamestra bracissae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and tested their infectivity to tissue culture cells and to larvae. Transfection and infection assays revealed that all recombinant viruses generated infectious budded virus in both cell culture and in larvae. Electron microscopy showed synthesized occlusion body and occlusion derived virus (ODV) were morphologically indistinguishable from those of the parental virus. By contrast, feeding assays revealed that pseudotyped viruses could not rescue oral infectivity except for pif3 pseudotyped virus that only partially rescued oral infectivity but at a mortality rate much lower than that of the parental HearNPV. Consistent with the bioassay result, PIF complex was detected in ODVs of pif3 pseudotyped virus only but not in pif1 or pif2 pseudotyped viruses. Our results suggest that PIF complex is essential for oral infectivity, and in the formation of the PIF complex, PIF1, 2 are virus-specific while PIF3 does not appear to be as specific and can function in heterologous environment, albeit to a much more limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Alliwa Makalliwa
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Wang J, Hou D, Wang Q, Kuang W, Zhang L, Li J, Shen S, Deng F, Wang H, Hu Z, Wang M. Genome analysis of a novel Group I alphabaculovirus obtained from Oxyplax ochracea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192279. [PMID: 29390020 PMCID: PMC5794183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxyplax ochracea (Moore) is a pest that causes severe damage to a wide range of crops, forests and fruit trees. The complete genome sequence of Oxyplax ochracea nucleopolyhedrovirus (OxocNPV) was determined using a Roche 454 pyrosequencing system. OxocNPV has a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 113,971 bp with a G+C content of 31.1%. One hundred and twenty-four putative open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins of >50 amino acids in length and with minimal overlapping were predicted, which covered 92% of the whole genome. Six baculoviral typical homologous regions (hrs) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis and gene parity plot analysis showed that OxocNPV belongs to clade “a” of Group I alphabaculoviruses, and it seems to be close to the most recent common ancestor of Group I alphabaculoviruses. Three unique ORFs (with no homologs in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database) were identified. Interestingly, OxocNPV lacks three auxiliary genes (lef7, ie-2 and pcna) related to viral DNA replication and RNA transcription. In addition, OxocNPV has significantly different sequences for several genes (including ie1 and odv-e66) in comparison with those of other baculoviruses. However, three dimensional structure prediction showed that OxocNPV ODV-E66 contain the conserved catalytic residues, implying that it might possess polysaccharide lyase activity as AcMNPV ODV-E66. All these unique features suggest that OxocNPV represents a novel species of the Group I alphabaculovirus lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dianhai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qianran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Harrison RL, Mowery JD, Rowley DL, Bauchan GR, Theilmann DA, Rohrmann GF, Erlandson MA. The complete genome sequence of a third distinct baculovirus isolated from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta, contains two copies of the lef-7 gene. Virus Genes 2017; 54:297-310. [PMID: 29204787 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A baculovirus isolate from a USDA Forest Service collection was characterized by electron microscopy and analysis of its genome sequence. The isolate, formerly referred to as Pseudoletia (Mythimna) sp. nucleopolyhedrovirus #7 (MyspNPV#7), was determined by barcoding PCR to derive from the host species Mythimna unipuncta (true armyworm) and was renamed Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus #7 (MyunNPV#7). The occlusion bodies (OBs) and virions exhibited a size and morphology typical for OBs produced by the species of genus Alphabaculovirus, with occlusion-derived virions consisting of 2-5 nucleocapsids within a single envelope. The MyunNPV#7 genome was determined to be 148,482 bp with a 48.58% G+C nucleotide distribution. A total of 159 ORFs of 150 bp or larger were annotated in the genome sequence, including the 38 core genes of family Baculoviridae. The genome contained six homologous repeat regions (hrs) consisting of multiple copies of a 34-bp imperfect palindrome. Phylogenetic inference from concatenated baculovirus core gene amino acid sequence alignments placed MyunNPV#7 with group II alphabaculoviruses isolated from other armyworm and cutworm host species of lepidopteran family Noctuidae. MyunNPV#7 could be distinguished from other viruses in this group on the basis of differences in gene content and order. Pairwise nucleotide distances suggested that MyunNPV#7 represents a distinct species in Alphabaculovirus. The MyunNPV#7 genome was found to contain two copies of the late expression factor-7 (lef-7) gene, a feature not reported for any other baculovirus genome to date. Both copies of lef-7 encoded an F-box domain, which is required for the function of LEF-7 in baculovirus DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Joseph D Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - David A Theilmann
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - George F Rohrmann
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-3804, USA
| | - Martin A Erlandson
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
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12
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Per os infectivity factors: a complicated and evolutionarily conserved entry machinery of baculovirus. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:806-815. [PMID: 28755302 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are a family of arthropod-specific large DNA viruses that infect insect species belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. In nature, occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs) initiate baculovirus primary infection in the midgut epithelium of insect hosts, and this process is largely dependent on a number of ODV envelope proteins designated as per os infectivity factors (PIFs). Interestingly, PIF homologs are also present in other invertebrate large DNA viruses, which is indicative that per os infection is an ancient and phylogenetically conserved entry mechanism shared by these viruses. Here, we review the advances in the knowledge of the functions of individual PIFs and recent discoveries about the PIF complex, and discuss the evolutionary implications of PIF homologs in invertebrate DNA viruses. Furthermore, future research highlights on the per os infection mechanism are also prospected.
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Improving Baculovirus Infectivity by Efficiently Embedding Enhancing Factors into Occlusion Bodies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00595-17. [PMID: 28500037 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00595-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively low infectivity of baculoviruses to their host larvae limits their use as insecticidal agents on a larger scale. In the present study, a novel strategy was developed to efficiently embed foreign proteins into Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) occlusion bodies (OBs) to achieve stable expression of foreign proteins and to improve viral infectivity. A recombinant AcMNPV bacmid was constructed by expressing the 150-amino-acid (aa) N-terminal segment of polyhedrin under the control of the p10 promoter and the remaining C-terminal 95-aa segment under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. The recombinant virus formed OBs in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells, in which the occlusion-derived viruses were embedded in a manner similar to that for wild-type AcMNPV. Next, the 95-aa polyhedrin C terminus was fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein, and the recombinant AcMNPV formed fluorescent green OBs and was stably passaged in vitro and in vivo The AcMNPV recombinants were further modified by fusing truncated Agrotis segetum granulovirus enhancin or truncated Cydia pomonella granulovirus ORF13 (GP37) to the C-terminal 95 aa of polyhedrin, and both recombinants were able to form normal OBs. Bioactivity assays indicated that the median lethal concentrations of these two AcMNPV recombinants were 3- to 5-fold lower than that of the control virus. These results suggest that embedding enhancing factors in baculovirus OBs by use of this novel technique may promote efficient and stable foreign protein expression and significantly improve baculovirus infectivity.IMPORTANCE Baculoviruses have been used as bioinsecticides for over 40 years, but their relatively low infectivity to their host larvae limits their use on a larger scale. It has been reported that it is possible to improve baculovirus infectivity by packaging enhancing factors within baculovirus occlusion bodies (OBs); however, so far, the packaging efficiency has been low. In this article, we describe a novel strategy for efficiently embedding foreign proteins into AcMNPV OBs by expressing N- and C-terminal (dimidiate) polyhedrin fragments (150 and 95 amino acids, respectively) as fusions to foreign proteins under the control of the p10 and polyhedrin promoters, respectively. When this strategy was used to embed an enhancing factor (enhancin or GP37) into the baculovirus OBs, 3- to 5-fold increases in baculoviral infectivity were observed. This novel strategy has the potential to create an efficient protein expression system and a highly efficient virus-based system for insecticide production in the future.
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The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ac110 gene encodes a new per os infectivity factor. Virus Res 2016; 221:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The Host Specificities of Baculovirus per os Infectivity Factors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159862. [PMID: 27454435 PMCID: PMC4959699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-specific pathogens with a generally narrow host ranges. Successful primary infection is initiated by the proper interaction of at least 8 conserved per os infectivity factors (PIFs) with the host's midgut cells, a process that remains largely a mystery. In this study, we investigated the host specificities of the four core components of the PIF complex, P74, PIF1, PIF2 and PIF3 by using Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) backbone. The four pifs of HearNPV were replaced by their counterparts from a group I Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) or a group II Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV). Transfection and infection assays showed that all the recombinant viruses were able to produce infectious budded viruses (BVs) and were lethal to H. armigera larvae via intrahaemocoelic injection. However, feeding experiments using very high concentration of occlusion bodies demonstrated that all the recombinant viruses completely lost oral infectivity except SpltNPV pif3 substituted pif3-null HearNPV (vHaBacΔpif3-Sppif3-ph). Furthermore, bioassay result showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) value of vHaBacΔpif3-Sppif3-ph was 23-fold higher than that of the control virus vHaBacΔpif3-Hapif3-ph, indicating that SpltNPV pif3 can only partially substitute the function of HearNPV pif3. These results suggested that most of PIFs tested have strict host specificities, which may account, at least in part, for the limited host ranges of baculoviruses.
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Hou D, Chen X, Zhang LK. Proteomic Analysis of Mamestra Brassicae Nucleopolyhedrovirus Progeny Virions from Two Different Hosts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153365. [PMID: 27058368 PMCID: PMC4825930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (MabrNPV) has a wide host range replication in more than one insect species. In this study, a sequenced MabrNPV strain, MabrNPV-CTa, was used to perform proteomic analysis of both BVs and ODVs derived from two infected hosts: Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. A total of 82 and 39 viral proteins were identified in ODVs and BVs, respectively. And totally, 23 and 76 host proteins were identified as virion-associated with ODVs and BVs, respectively. The host proteins incorporated into the virus particles were mainly involved in cytoskeleton, signaling, vesicle trafficking, chaperone and metabolic systems. Some host proteins, such as actin, cyclophilin A and heat shock protein 70 would be important for viral replication. Several host proteins involved in immune response were also identified in BV, and a C-type lectin protein was firstly found to be associated with BV and its family members have been demonstrated to be involved in entry process of other viruses. This study facilitated the annotation of baculovirus genome, and would help us to understand baculovirus virion structure. Furthermore, the identification of host proteins associated with virions produced in vivo would facilitate investigations on the involvement of intriguing host proteins in virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- * E-mail:
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Barrera GP, Belaich MN, Patarroyo MA, Villamizar LF, Ghiringhelli PD. Evidence of recent interspecies horizontal gene transfer regarding nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Spodoptera frugiperda. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1008. [PMID: 26607569 PMCID: PMC4861128 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baculoviruses are insect-associated viruses carrying large, circular double-stranded-DNA genomes with significant biotechnological applications such as biological pest control, recombinant protein production, gene delivery in mammals and as a model of DNA genome evolution. These pathogens infect insects from the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, and have high species diversity which is expressed in their diverse biological properties including morphology, virulence or pathogenicity. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the fall armyworm, represents a significant pest for agriculture in America; it is a host for baculoviruses such as the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) (Colombia strain, genotype A) having been classified as a Group II alphabaculovirus making it a very attractive target for bioinsecticidal use. RESULTS Genome analysis by pyrosequencing revealed that SfMNPV ColA has 145 ORFs, 2 of which were not present in the other sequenced genotypes of the virus (SfMNPV-NicB, SfMNPV-NicG, SfMNPV-19 and SfMNPV-3AP2). An in-depth bioinformatics study showed that ORF023 and ORF024 were acquired by a recent homologous recombination process between Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera litura (the Oriental leafworm moth) nucleopolyhedroviruses. Auxiliary genes are numerous in the affected locus which has a homologous region (hr3), a repetitive sequence associated with genome replication which became lost in SfColA along with 1 ORF. Besides, the mRNAs associated with two acquired genes appeared in the virus' life-cycle during the larval stage. Predictive studies concerning the theoretical proteins identified that ORF023 protein would be a phosphatase involved in DNA repair and that the ORF024 protein would be a membrane polypeptide associated with cell transport. CONCLUSIONS The SfColA genome was thus revealed to be a natural recombinant virus showing evidence of recent horizontal gene transfer between different baculovirus species occurring in nature. This feature could be the cause of its high insecticidal power and therefore SfColA becomes a great candidate for bioinsecticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Patricia Barrera
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corpoica (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria), Km 14 Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Mariano Nicolás Belaich
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular - Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM-AVI), Dto. Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Avenida 50 N° 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Calle 12C N° 6-25, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Laura Fernanda Villamizar
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corpoica (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria), Km 14 Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Pablo Daniel Ghiringhelli
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular - Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM-AVI), Dto. Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Occurrence and characterization of a tetrahedral nucleopolyhedrovirus from Spilarctia obliqua (Walker). J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 132:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Beperet I, Simón O, Williams T, López-Ferber M, Caballero P. The “11K” gene family members sf68, sf95 and sf138 modulate transmissibility and insecticidal properties of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 127:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang YT, Lee DY, Wang Y, Hu JM, Li WH, Leu JH, Chang GD, Ke HM, Kang ST, Lin SS, Kou GH, Lo CF. The genome and occlusion bodies of marine Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV, also known as MBV and PemoNPV) suggest that it should be assigned to a new nudivirus genus that is distinct from the terrestrial nudiviruses. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:628. [PMID: 25063321 PMCID: PMC4132918 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV) is the causative agent of spherical baculovirosis in shrimp (Penaeus monodon). This disease causes significant mortalities at the larval stage and early postlarval (PL) stage and may suppress growth and reduce survival and production in aquaculture. The nomenclature and classification status of PmNV has been changed several times due to morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis of its partial genome sequence. In this study, we therefore completed the genome sequence and constructed phylogenetic trees to clarify PmNV's taxonomic position. To better understand the characteristics of the occlusion bodies formed by this marine occluded virus, we also compared the chemical properties of the polyhedrin produced by PmNV and the baculovirus AcMNPV (Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus). RESULTS We used next generation sequencing and traditional PCR methods to obtain the complete PmNV genome sequence of 119,638 bp encoding 115 putative ORFs. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that several PmNV genes and sequences clustered with the non-occluded nudiviruses and not with the baculoviruses. We also investigated the characteristics of PmNV polyhedrin, which is a functionally important protein and the major component of the viral OBs (occlusion bodies). We found that both recombinant PmNV polyhedrin and wild-type PmNV OBs were sensitive to acid conditions, but unlike the baculoviral OBs, they were not susceptible to alkali treatment. CONCLUSIONS From the viral genome features and phylogenetic analysis we conclude that PmNV is not a baculovirus, and that it should be assigned to the proposed Nudiviridae family with the other nudiviruses, but into a distinct new genus (Gammanudivirus).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guang-Hsiung Kou
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Beperet I, Barrera G, Simón O, Williams T, López-Ferber M, Gasmi L, Herrero S, Caballero P. The sf32 unique gene of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a non-essential gene that could be involved in nucleocapsid organization in occlusion-derived virions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77683. [PMID: 24204916 PMCID: PMC3813766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant virus lacking the sf32 gene (Sf32null), unique to the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), was generated by homologous recombination from a bacmid comprising the complete viral genome (Sfbac). Transcriptional analysis revealed that sf32 is an early gene. Occlusion bodies (OBs) of Sf32null contained 62% more genomic DNA than viruses containing the sf32 gene, Sfbac and Sf32null-repair, although Sf32null DNA was three-fold less infective when injected in vivo. Sf32null OBs were 18% larger in diameter and contained 17% more nucleocapsids within ODVs than those of Sfbac. No significant differences were detected in OB pathogenicity (50% lethal concentration), speed-of-kill or budded virus production in vivo. In contrast, the production of OBs/larva was reduced by 39% in insects infected by Sf32null compared to those infected by Sfbac. The SF32 predicted protein sequence showed homology (25% identity, 44% similarity) to two adhesion proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes and a single N-mirystoylation site was predicted. We conclude that SF32 is a non-essential protein that could be involved in nucleocapsid organization during ODV assembly and occlusion, resulting in increased numbers of nucleocapsids within ODVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Beperet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gloria Barrera
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oihane Simón
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Laila Gasmi
- Department of Genetics, Univesitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics, Univesitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- * E-mail:
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The baculovirus core gene ac83 is required for nucleocapsid assembly and per os infectivity of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Virol 2013; 87:10573-86. [PMID: 23864639 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01207-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ac83 is a baculovirus core gene whose function in the AcMNPV life cycle is unknown. In the present study, an ac83-knockout AcMNPV (vAc83KO) was constructed to investigate the function of ac83 through homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. No budded virions were produced in vAc83KO-transfected Sf9 cells, although viral DNA replication was unaffected. Electron microscopy revealed that nucleocapsid assembly was aborted due to the ac83 deletion. Domain-mapping studies revealed that the expression of Ac83 amino acid residues 451 to 600 partially rescued the ability of AcMNPV to produce infectious budded virions. Bioassays indicated that deletion of the chitin-binding domain of Ac83 resulted in the failure of oral infection of Trichoplusia ni larvae by AcMNPV, but AcMNPV remained infectious following intrahemocoelic injection, suggesting that the domain is involved in the binding of occlusion-derived virions to the peritrophic membrane and/or to other chitin-containing insect tissues. It has been demonstrated that Ac83 is the only component with a chitin-binding domain in the per os infectivity factor complex on the occlusion-derived virion envelope. Interestingly, a functional inner nuclear membrane sorting motif, which may facilitate the localization of Ac83 to the envelopes of occlusion-derived virions, was identified by immunofluorescence analysis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Ac83 plays an important role in nucleocapsid assembly and the establishment of oral infection.
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Luo XC, Wang SS, Zhang J, Qian DD, Wang SM, Li LL. Effects of Early or Overexpression of the Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus orf94 (ODV-e25) on Virus Replication. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65635. [PMID: 23825525 PMCID: PMC3688825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
odv-e25(e25) is one of the core genes of baculoviruses. To investigate how it functions in the replication cycle of a baculovirus, a number of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus recombinants with e25 under control of the promoter of immediate early gene ie1, or the promoter of the very late hyperexpressed gene p10, were constructed using a bacmid system, and the effects of early expression or overexpression of e25 on replication of the virus were evaluated. Microscopy and titration assays demonstrated that bacmids with e25 under control of ie1 promoter were unable to produce budded viruses; and that the recombinant viruses with e25 under control of p10 promoter generated budded virus normally, but formation of occlusion bodies were dramatically reduced and delayed in the infected cells. Electron microscopy showed that there were no mature virions or intact nucleocapsids present in the cells transfected with a recombinant bacmid with e25 under control of ie1 promoter. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that alteration of the e25 promoter did not affect viral DNA synthesis. The reporter gene expression from the promoter of the major capsid protein gene vp39 was reduced 63% by early expression of e25. Confocal microscopy revealed that E25 was predominantly localized in nuclei by 24 hours post infection with wild-type virus, but it remained in the cytoplasm in the cells transfected with a recombinant bacmid with e25 under control of the ie1 promoter, suggesting that the transport of E25 into nuclei was regulated in a specific and strict time dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Duo-Duo Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Lin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Thumbi DK, Béliveau C, Cusson M, Lapointe R, Lucarotti CJ. Comparative genome sequence analysis of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and C. rosaceana Harris (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) alphabaculoviruses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68968. [PMID: 23861954 PMCID: PMC3702617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequences of Choristoneura occidentalis and C. rosaceana nucleopolyhedroviruses (ChocNPV and ChroNPV, respectively) (Baculoviridae: Alphabaculovirus) were determined and compared with each other and with those of other baculoviruses, including the genome of the closely related C. fumiferana NPV (CfMNPV). The ChocNPV genome was 128,446 bp in length (1147 bp smaller than that of CfMNPV), had a G+C content of 50.1%, and contained 148 open reading frames (ORFs). In comparison, the ChroNPV genome was 129,052 bp in length, had a G+C content of 48.6% and contained 149 ORFs. ChocNPV and ChroNPV shared 144 ORFs in common, and had a 77% sequence identity with each other and 96.5% and 77.8% sequence identity, respectively, with CfMNPV. Five homologous regions (hrs), with sequence similarities to those of CfMNPV, were identified in ChocNPV, whereas the ChroNPV genome contained three hrs featuring up to 14 repeats. Both genomes encoded three inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP-1, IAP-2, and IAP-3), as reported for CfMNPV, and the ChocNPV IAP-3 gene represented the most divergent functional region of this genome relative to CfMNPV. Two ORFs were unique to ChocNPV, and four were unique to ChroNPV. ChroNPV ORF chronpv38 is a eukaryotic initiation factor 5 (eIF-5) homolog that has also been identified in the C. occidentalis granulovirus (ChocGV) and is believed to be the product of horizontal gene transfer from the host. Based on levels of sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis, both ChocNPV and ChroNPV fall within group I alphabaculoviruses, where ChocNPV appears to be more closely related to CfMNPV than does ChroNPV. Our analyses suggest that it may be appropriate to consider ChocNPV and CfMNPV as variants of the same virus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Thumbi
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Catherine Béliveau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Cusson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renée Lapointe
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Lucarotti
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Tang Q, Li G, Yao Q, Chen L, Lv P, Lian C, Chen K. Bm91 is an envelope component of ODV but is dispensable for the propagation of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 113:70-7. [PMID: 23391406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Orf91 (Bm91) of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a highly conserved gene that encodes a predicted 105-amino-acid protein, but its function remains unknown. In the current study, 5'-RACE revealed that the transcription initiation site of Bm91 was - 12 nucleotides upstream of the start codon ATG, transcription of Bm91 was detected from 12 to 96 h postinfection (p.i.) and Bm91 protein was detected from 24 to 96 h p.i. in BmNPV-infected BmN cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that Bm91 was in occlusion-derived virus (ODV) but not in budded virus (BV). To investigate the role of Bm91 in baculovirus life cycle, a Bm91-knockout virus was constructed by bacmid recombination in E. coli. Fluorescence and light microscopy showed that the production of BV and occlusion bodies (OBs) in Bm91-deficient-virus-infected BmN cells were similar to those in wild-type-virus-infected ones. Bioassay results showed that genetic deletion of Bm91 did not significantly affect BmNPV infectivity, but extended the median lethal time (LT50). Taken together, these results indicate that Bm91 is not essential for viral propagation in vitro, but absence of the gene may affect the virulence of ODVs in silkworm larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Peng K, van Lent JWM, Boeren S, Fang M, Theilmann DA, Erlandson MA, Vlak JM, van Oers MM. Characterization of novel components of the baculovirus per os infectivity factor complex. J Virol 2012; 86:4981-8. [PMID: 22379094 PMCID: PMC3347349 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06801-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus occlusion-derived virus (ODV) infects insect midgut cells under alkaline conditions, a process mediated by highly conserved per os infectivity factors (PIFs), P74 (PIF0), PIF1, PIF2, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 (ODV-E56). Previously, a multimolecular complex composed of PIF1, PIF2, PIF3, and P74 was identified which was proposed to play an essential role during ODV entry. Recently, more proteins have been identified that play important roles in ODV oral infectivity, including PIF4, PIF5, and SF58, which might work in concert with previously known PIFs to facilitate ODV infection. In order to understand the ODV entry mechanism, the identification of all components of the PIF complex is crucial. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify additional components of the PIF complex. Coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) combined with proteomic analysis was used to identify the components of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) PIF complex. PIF4 and P95 (AC83) were identified as components of the PIF complex while PIF5 was not, and this was confirmed with blue native PAGE and a second CoIP. Deletion of the pif4 gene impaired complex formation, but deletion of pif5 did not. Differentially denaturing SDS-PAGE further revealed that PIF4 forms a stable complex with PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3. P95 and P74 are more loosely associated with this complex. Three other proteins, AC5, AC68, and AC108 (homologue of SF58), were also found by the proteomic analysis to be associated with the PIF complex. Finally the functional significance of the PIF protein interactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. M. van Lent
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Minggang Fang
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David A. Theilmann
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin A. Erlandson
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Just M. Vlak
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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