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Gutiérrez Y, Alarcón KA, Ortiz C, Santos-Holguín JM, García-Riaño JL, Mejía C, Amaya CV, Uribe-Gutiérrez L. Isolation and characterization of a native strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for the control of the palm weevil Dynamis borassi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the neotropics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:260. [PMID: 38967730 PMCID: PMC11226477 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and characterize a native strain of Beauveria bassiana, coded as Bv065, showcasing its potential as a biological control agent targeting the palm weevil Dynamis borassi. Originating from a naturally infected D. borassi specimen collected in southwestern Colombia, the fungus underwent molecular identification and was identified as B. bassiana, exhibiting high sequence similarity with known reference strains. The physiological characterization revealed that Bv065 thrived within a temperature range of 25 to 30 °C and a pH range of 6 to 9. Moreover, the key carbon sources that allow optimal growth of the strain were identified through metabolic profiling, including sucrose, D-mannose, and γ-amino-butyric acid. These findings offer strategic insights for scalability and formulation methodologies. Additionally, enzymatic analyses unveiled robust protease activity within Bv065, crucial for catalysing insect cuticle degradation and facilitating host penetration, thus accentuating its entomopathogenic potential. Subsequent evaluations exposed Bv065's pathogenicity against D. borassi, causing significant mortality within nine days of exposure, albeit exhibiting limited effectiveness against Rhynchophorus palmarum. This study underscores the importance of understanding optimal growth conditions and metabolic preferences of B. bassiana strains for developing effective biopesticides. The findings suggest Bv065 as a promising candidate for integrated pest management strategies in neotropical regions, particularly for controlling palm weevil infestations in coconut and peach palm cultivation. Future research avenues include refining mass production methodologies, formulating novel delivery systems, and conducting comprehensive field efficacy trials to unlock the full potential of Bv065 in fostering sustainable pest management practices. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on entomopathogenic fungi and their pivotal role in biological control, offering nuanced perspectives on eco-friendly alternatives to conventional insecticidal interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeisson Gutiérrez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia. Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Km. 17 Vía Puerto López, Villavicencio-Meta, Colombia.
| | - Karen A Alarcón
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia. Centro de Investigación El Mira, Km. 38, Vía Tumaco-Pasto, Tumaco-Nariño, Colombia
| | - Cristian Ortiz
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia. Centro de Investigación El Mira, Km. 38, Vía Tumaco-Pasto, Tumaco-Nariño, Colombia
| | - Jenny M Santos-Holguín
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Sede Tunja-Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Jennifer L García-Riaño
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 Vía Bogotá-Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Cindy Mejía
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 Vía Bogotá-Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Carol V Amaya
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia. Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Km. 17 Vía Puerto López, Villavicencio-Meta, Colombia
| | - Liz Uribe-Gutiérrez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 Vía Bogotá-Mosquera, Mosquera, Colombia
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Chaithra M, Prameeladevi T, Prasad L, Kundu A, Bhagyasree SN, Kamil D. Metabolomic profiling of virulent and non-virulent Beauveria bassiana strains: insights into the pathogenicity of Tetranychus truncatus. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:311. [PMID: 38900220 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the pathogenicity of local Beauveria bassiana strains was elucidated using molecular and metabolomics methodologies. Molecular verification of the B. bassiana-specific chitinase gene was achieved via phylogenetic analysis of the Bbchit1 region. Subsequent metabolomic analyses employing UPLC-Q-TOF-MS revealed a different number of non-volatile metabolite profiles among the six B. bassiana strains. Bb6 produced the most non-volatile compounds (17) out of a total of 18, followed by Bb15 (16) and Bb12 (15). Similarly, Bb5, Bb8, and Bb21, three non-virulent B. bassiana strains, produced 13, 14, and 14 metabolites, respectively. But unique secondary metabolites like bassianolide and beauvericin, pivotal for virulence and mite management, were exclusively found in the virulent strains (Bb6, Bb12, and Bb15) of B. bassiana. The distinctive non-volatile metabolomic profiles of these strains underscore their pathogenicity against Tetranychus truncatus, suggesting their promise in bio-control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chaithra
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, Research Center, ICAR-Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kahikuchi, Guwahati, 781017, India
| | - T Prameeladevi
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - L Prasad
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S N Bhagyasree
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Deeba Kamil
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Stuart AKDC, Furuie JL, Cataldi TR, Stuart RM, Zawadneak MAC, Labate CA, Pimentel IC. Metabolomics of the interaction between a consortium of entomopathogenic fungi and their target insect: Mechanisms of attack and survival. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105369. [PMID: 36963938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the most concerning pests that attack strawberries in Brazil is Duponchelia fovealis (Zeller), a non-native moth with no registered control methods to date. Our group recently observed that a fungal consortium formed by two strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) increased the mortality of D. fovealis more than inoculation with each strain on its own. However, the molecular interaction between the fungal consortium and the caterpillars is unknown. Thus, in this work, we sought to pioneer the evaluation of the molecular interaction between a fungal consortium of B. bassiana and D. fovealis caterpillars. We aimed to understand the biocontrol process involved in this interaction and the defense system of the caterpillar. Seven days after D. fovealis were inoculated with the consortium, the dead and surviving caterpillars were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS. Some of the metabolites identified in dead caterpillars have primarily antioxidant action. Other metabolites may have insecticidal potential, such as diltiazem-like and tamsulosin-like compounds, as well as 2,5-dimethoxymandelic acid. In surviving caterpillars, the main mechanisms are pro-inflammatory from 2-Palmitoylglycerol metabolite and the antifungal action of the metabolite Aegle marmelos Alkaloid-C. The metabolites identified in dead caterpillars may explain the increased mortality caused by the consortium due to its antioxidant mechanism, which can suppress the caterpillars' immune system, and insecticide action. In surviving caterpillars, the main resistance mechanisms may involve the stimulus to the immunity and antifungal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Katiski da Costa Stuart
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Jason Lee Furuie
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thais Regiani Cataldi
- Laboratório de Genética de Plantas Max Feffer, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agronomia Luiz de Queiroz - Esalq/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Laboratório de Genética de Plantas Max Feffer, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agronomia Luiz de Queiroz - Esalq/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ida Chapaval Pimentel
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular (LabMicro), Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Moraga N, Ramos-Martín F, Buchoux S, Rippa S, D'Amelio N, Sarazin C. The effect of rhamnolipids on fungal membrane models as described by their interactions with phospholipids and sterols: An in silico study. Front Chem 2023; 11:1124129. [PMID: 36895318 PMCID: PMC9989204 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1124129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rhamnolipids (RLs) are secondary metabolites naturally produced by bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia with biosurfactant properties. A specific interest raised from their potential as biocontrol agents for crop culture protection in regard to direct antifungal and elicitor activities. As for other amphiphilic compounds, a direct interaction with membrane lipids has been suggested as the key feature for the perception and subsequent activity of RLs. Methods: Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are used in this work to provide an atomistic description of their interactions with different membranous lipids and focusing on their antifungal properties. Results and discussion: Our results suggest the insertion of RLs into the modelled bilayers just below the plane drawn by lipid phosphate groups, a placement that is effective in promoting significant membrane fluidification of the hydrophobic core. This localization is promoted by the formation of ionic bonds between the carboxylate group of RLs and the amino group of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or phosphatidylserine (PS) headgroups. Moreover, RL acyl chains adhere to the ergosterol structure, forming a significantly higher number of van der Waals contact with respect to what is observed for phospholipid acyl chains. All these interactions might be essential for the membranotropic-driven biological actions of RLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nely Rodríguez-Moraga
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sébastien Buchoux
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sonia Rippa
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7025, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Catherine Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Ramos-Martín F, D'Amelio N. Biomembrane lipids: When physics and chemistry join to shape biological activity. Biochimie 2022; 203:118-138. [PMID: 35926681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes constitute the first lines of defense of cells. While small molecules can often permeate cell walls in bacteria and plants, they are generally unable to penetrate the barrier constituted by the double layer of phospholipids, unless specific receptors or channels are present. Antimicrobial or cell-penetrating peptides are in fact highly specialized molecules able to bypass this barrier and even discriminate among different cell types. This capacity is made possible by the intrinsic properties of its phospholipids, their distribution between the internal and external leaflet, and their ability to mutually interact, modulating the membrane fluidity and the exposition of key headgroups. Although common phospholipids can be found in the membranes of most organisms, some are characteristic of specific cell types. Here, we review the properties of the most common lipids and describe how they interact with each other in biomembrane. We then discuss how their assembly in bilayers determines some key physical-chemical properties such as permeability, potential and phase status. Finally, we describe how the exposition of specific phospholipids determines the recognition of cell types by membrane-targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
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Integration of Untargeted Metabolomics with Transcriptomics Provides Insights into Beauvericin Biosynthesis in Cordyceps chanhua under H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050484. [PMID: 35628740 PMCID: PMC9143143 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps chanhua is an important cordycipitoid mushroom widely used in Asia and beyond. Beauvericin (BEA), one of the bioactive compounds of C. chanhua, has attracted much attention because of its medicinal value and food safety risk. In order to clear up the relationship between oxidative stress and BEA synthesis, we investigated the impact of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on the secondary metabolism of C. chanhua using untargeted metabolomics and a transcript profiling approach. Metabolic profiling of C. chanhua mycelia found that in total, 73 differential metabolites were identified, including organic acids, phospholipids, and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), especially the content of BEA, increasing 13-fold under oxidative stress treatment. Combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we found that the genes and metabolites associated with the NRP metabolism, especially the BEA biosynthesis, were highly significantly enriched under H2O2-induced stress, which indicated that the BEA metabolism might be positive in the resistance of C. chanhua to oxidative stress. These results not only aid in better understanding of the resistance mechanisms of C. chanhua against oxidative stress but also might be helpful for molecular breeding of C. chanhua with low BEA content.
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Ramos-Martín F, Herrera-León C, D'Amelio N. Molecular basis of the anticancer, apoptotic and antibacterial activities of Bombyx mori Cecropin A. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 715:109095. [PMID: 34826396 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As Cecropin XJ, Cecropin A from Bombyx mori is one of the very few antimicrobial peptides having shown activity against esophageal cancer cells. It displays remarkable sequence-similarity to Cecropin XJ but slightly enhanced activity. In this work we show by NMR that both peptides are unstructured in solution but get structured in the presence of DPC micelles, mimicking the surface of biological membranes. In order to get insight into the molecular basis of its anticancer, antimicrobial and antifungal activity, we have investigated by MD simulations their interaction with a large variety of lipid bilayers mimicking cancer, mitochondrial, bacterial and fungal membranes. At variance with CecXJ, organized in two main helices, CecA tends to form a three helix bundle resulting in enhanced adaptability to its membrane targets. A specificity for the headgroup of phosphatidylserine and affinity for phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin may account for its selective targeting of cancer, bacterial and mitochondrial membranes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
| | - Claudia Herrera-León
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
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Wang H, Peng H, Li W, Cheng P, Gong M. The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705343. [PMID: 34512581 PMCID: PMC8430825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and cause lower resistance, have gained great momentum. Entomopathogenic fungi have a wide range of prospects. Apart from Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana is the most studied biopesticide. After invading insect hosts, B. bassiana produces a variety of toxins, which are secondary metabolites such as beauvericin, bassianin, bassianolide, beauverolides, tenellin, oosporein, and oxalic acid. These toxins help B. bassiana to parasitize and kill the hosts. This review unequivocally considers beauveria toxins highly promising and summarizes their attack mechanism(s) on the host insect immune system. Genetic engineering strategies to improve toxin principles, genes, or virulent molecules of B. bassiana have also been discussed. Lastly, we discuss the future perspective of Beauveria toxin research, including newly discovered toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China.,College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
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The Intermediates in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Are Indispensable for Conidial Germination of the Insect-Pathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01682-20. [PMID: 32769188 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01682-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metarhizium spp. are well-known biocontrol agents used worldwide to control different insect pests. Keto-acid reductoisomerase (ILVC) is a key enzyme for branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis, and it regulates many physiological activities. However, its functions in insect-pathogenic fungi are poorly understood. In this work, we identified MrilvC in M. robertsii and dissected its roles in fungal growth, conidiation, germination, destruxin biosynthesis, environmental stress response, and insecticidal virulence. BCAA metabolism affects conidial yields and germination. However, BCAAs cannot recover the conidial germination of an MrilvC-deficient strain. Further feeding assays with intermediates showed that some conidia of the ΔMrilvC mutant start to germinate. Therefore, it is the germination defect that causes the complete failures of conidial penetration and pathogenicity in the ΔMrilvC mutant. In conclusion, we found intermediates in BCAA biosynthesis are indispensable for Metarhizium robertsii conidial germination. This study will advance our understanding of the fungal germination mechanism.IMPORTANCE Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism plays a significant role in many biological activities beyond protein synthesis. Spore germination initiates the first stage of vegetative growth, which is critical for the virulence of pathogenic fungi. In this study, we demonstrated that the keto-acid reductoisomerase MrILVC, a key enzyme for BCAA biosynthesis, from the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii is associated with conidial germination and fungal pathogenicity. Surprisingly, the germination of the ΔMrilvC mutant was restored when supplemented with the intermediates of BCAA metabolism rather than three BCAAs. The result was significantly different from that of plant-pathogenic fungi. Therefore, this report highlights that the intermediates in BCAA biosynthesis are indispensable for conidial germination of M. robertsii.
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Yang LL, Zhan MY, Zhuo YL, Dang XL, Li MY, Xu Y, Zhou XH, Yu XQ, Rao XJ. Characterization of the active fragments of Spodoptera litura Lebocin-1. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 103:e21626. [PMID: 31562754 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insects can produce various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) upon immune stimulation. One class of AMPs are characterized by their high proline content in certain fragments. They are generally called proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs). We previously reported the characterization of Spodoptera litura lebocin-1 (SlLeb-1), a PrAMP proprotein. Preliminary studies with synthetic polypeptides showed that among the four deductive active fragments, the C-terminal fragment SlLeb-1 (124-158) showed strong antibacterial activities. Here, we further characterized the antibacterial and antifungal activities of 124-158 and its four subfragments: 124-155, 124-149, 127-158, and 135-158. Only 124-158 and 127-158 could agglutinate bacteria, while 124-158 and four subfragments all could agglutinate Beauveria bassiana spores. Confocal microscopy showed that fluorescent peptides were located on the microbial surface. Fragment 135-158 lost activity completely against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and partially against Bacillus subtilis. Only 124-149 showed low activity against Serratia marcescens. Negative staining, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy of 124-158 treated bacteria showed different morphologies. Flow cytometry analysis of S. aureus showed that 124-158 and four subfragments changed bacterial subpopulations and caused an increase of DNA content. These results indicate that active fragments of SlLeb-1 may have diverse antimicrobial effects against different microbes. This study may provide an insight into the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhan
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Li Zhuo
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang-Li Dang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mao-Ye Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Zhou
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Rao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Lack of involvement of chitinase in direct toxicity of Beauveria bassiana cultures to the aphid Myzus persicae. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 169:107276. [PMID: 31715183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The fungal insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana produces a range of insecticidal metabolites and enzymes, including chitinases and proteases, which may assist the disease progression. The enzymes often play a predominant role in the pathogenicity pathway and both chitinases and proteases have previously been shown to be important in host infection. Spray application of supernatants of B. bassiana broth cultures of an isolate from New Zealand caused significant mortality in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, within 24 h, demonstrating an apparent contact toxicity. Three-day-old broth cultures were the most effective, with less insect mortality seen using six-day-old broth. However, aphicidal activity increased again when treating aphids with seven-day-old broth. Cultures grew substantially better and produced more potent aphicidal cultures when cultured in media with an initial pH above 5.5. Chitinase was produced a day earlier than the serine protease Pr1, but the peak production periods of these enzymes did not correlate with the aphicidal activities of three- or six-day-old cultures. Cultures treated with EDTA or heated to inactivate the enzymes still showed strong insecticidal activity. Neither beauvericin nor bassianolide, two known insecticidal metabolites, were detected in the supernatants. Therefore the key aphicidal components of B. bassiana cultures were not associated with chitinase nor Pr1 and are yet to be identified.
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He Y, Zhang W, Peng F, Lu R, Zhou H, Bao G, Wang B, Huang B, Li Z, Hu F. Metabolomic variation in wild and cultured cordyceps and mycelia of Isaria cicadae. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4478. [PMID: 30578653 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong He
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliaten of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Fan Peng
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Ruili Lu
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Naval Postgraduate School; Monterey CA USA
| | - Guanhu Bao
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Bin Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Zengzhi Li
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
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13
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Yang PJ, Zhan MY, Yang LL, Liu QQ, Xu Y, Pan YM, Rao XJ. Characterization of PGRP-S1 from the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:121-129. [PMID: 30227217 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan is the key component forming the backbone of bacterial cell wall. It can be recognized by a group of pattern recognition receptors, known as peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) in insects and higher animals. PGRPs may serve as immune receptors or N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases (EC 3.5.1.28). Here, we report the characterization of a short PGRP, PGRP-S1, from the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. MsePGRP-S1 cDNA encodes a protein of 197 amino acids (aa) with a PGRP domain of about 150 aa. MsePGRP-S1 was expressed in several tissues of naïve larvae, including hemocytes, midgut, fat body and epidermis. Bacterial challenges caused variable changes in different tissues at the mRNA level. The recombinant protein bound strongly to Staphylococcus aureus and purified peptidoglycans from Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. It can inhibit the growth of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria by disrupting bacterial surface. It can degrade peptidoglycans from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, these data demonstrate that M. separata PGRP-S1 is involved in defending against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jin Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhan
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Li-Ling Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yue-Min Pan
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Rao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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14
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Yang LL, Zhan MY, Zhuo YL, Pan YM, Xu Y, Zhou XH, Yang PJ, Liu HL, Liang ZH, Huang XD, Yu XQ, Rao XJ. Antimicrobial activities of a proline-rich proprotein from Spodoptera litura. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:137-146. [PMID: 29935286 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by the stimulated humoral immune system. Most mature AMPs contain less than 50 amino acid residues. Some of them are generated from proproteins upon microbial challenges. Here, we report the antimicrobial activities of a proline-rich proprotein, named SlLebocin1 (SlLeb1), from the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura. SlLebocin1 cDNA contains a 477-bp open reading frame (ORF). It is mainly expressed in hemocytes and the midgut in naïve larvae. The transcript level was significantly induced in hemocytes but repressed in the midgut and fat body by bacterial challenges. The proprotein contains 158 amino acids with 3 RXXR motifs that are characteristic of some Lepidopteral lebocin proproteins. Four peptides corresponding to the predicted processed fragments were synthesized chemically, and their antimicrobial activities against two Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains were analyzed. The peptides showed differential antimicrobial activities. For Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, only the C-terminal fragment (124-158) showed strong inhibitory effects. For Staphylococcus aureus, all peptides showed partial inhibitions. None of them inhibited Serratia marcescens. Bacterial morphologies were examined by the scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The antimicrobial peptides either disrupted cellular membrane or inhibited cell division and caused elongated/enlarged morphologies. The results may provide ideas for designing novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhan
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yu-Li Zhuo
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yue-Min Pan
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Zhou
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Pei-Jin Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Huang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Rao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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15
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Fernández-Salas A, Alonso-Díaz MÁ, Morales RAA, Lezama-Gutiérrez R, Cervantes-Chávez JA. Phylogenetic Relationships and Acaricidal Effects ofBeauveria bassianaObtained from Cattle Farm Soils AgainstRhipicephalus microplus. J Parasitol 2018; 104:275-282. [DOI: 10.1645/17-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Fernández-Salas
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica y Zootecnia, Complejo Regional Centro, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Carretera Cañada–Morelos Km. 7.5, El Salado, C.P. 75460, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Alonso-Díaz
- Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Martínez de la Torre, 93600, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Alejandro Alonso Morales
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Ciudad de México
| | - Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán, 28930, Colima, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez
- Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, 76140, Querétaro, Mexico
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16
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Chen L, Liu Y, Guo Q, Zheng Q, Zhang W. Metabolomic comparison between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4279. [PMID: 29752731 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A systematic study on the metabolome differences between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis results showed that C. militaris grown on solid rice medium (R-CM) and C. militaris grown on tussah pupa (T-CM) evidently separated and individually separated from wild O. sinensis, indicating metabolome difference among wild O. sinensis, R-CM and T-CM. The metabolome differences between R-CM and T-CM indicated that C. militaris could accommodate to culture medium by differential metabolic regulation. Hierarchical clustering analysis was further performed to cluster the differential metabolites and samples based on their metabolic similarity. The higher content of amino acids (pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine and arginine), unsaturated fatty acid (linolenic acid and linoleic acid), peptides, mannitol, adenosine and succinoadenosine in O. sinensis make it as an excellent choice as a traditional Chinese medicine for invigoration or nutritional supplementation. Similar compositions with O. sinensis and easy cultivation make artificially cultured C. militaris a possible alternative to O. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Lu Y, Luo F, Cen K, Xiao G, Yin Y, Li C, Li Z, Zhan S, Zhang H, Wang C. Omics data reveal the unusual asexual-fruiting nature and secondary metabolic potentials of the medicinal fungus Cordyceps cicadae. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:668. [PMID: 28854898 PMCID: PMC5577849 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ascomycete Cordyceps species have been using as valued traditional Chinese medicines. Particularly, the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cicadae (syn. Isaria cicadae) have long been utilized for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. However, the genetics and bioactive chemicals in this fungus have been largely unexplored. Results In this study, we performed comprehensive omics analyses of C. cicadae, and found that, in contrast to other Cordyceps fungi, C. cicadae produces asexual fruiting bodies with the production of conidial spores instead of the meiotic ascospores. Genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis indicate that the protein families encoded by C. cicadae are typical of entomopathogenic fungi, including the expansion of proteases and chitinases for targeting insect hosts. Interestingly, we found that the MAT1-2 mating-type locus of the sequenced strain contains an abnormally truncated MAT1-1-1 gene. Gene deletions revealed that asexual fruiting of C. cicadae is independent of the MAT locus control. RNA-seq transcriptome data also indicate that, compared to growth in a liquid culture, the putative genes involved in mating and meiosis processes were not up-regulated during fungal fruiting, further supporting asexual reproduction in this fungus. The genome of C. cicadae encodes an array of conservative and divergent gene clusters for secondary metabolisms. Based on our analysis, the production of known carcinogenic metabolites by this fungus could be potentially precluded. However, the confirmed production of oosporein raises health concerns about the frequent consumption of fungal fruiting bodies. Conclusions The results of this study expand our knowledge of fungal genetics that asexual fruiting can occur independent of the MAT locus control. The obtained genomic and metabolomic data will benefit future investigations of this fungus for medicinal uses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4060-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kai Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guohua Xiao
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunru Li
- Zhejiang BioAsia Institute of Life Science, Pinghu, 314000, China
| | - Zengzhi Li
- Zhejiang BioAsia Institute of Life Science, Pinghu, 314000, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Chengshu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Luo F, Zhong Z, Liu L, Igarashi Y, Xie D, Li N. Metabolomic differential analysis of interspecific interactions among white rot fungi Trametes versicolor, Dichomitus squalens and Pleurotus ostreatus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5265. [PMID: 28706236 PMCID: PMC5509712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific fungal antagonism occurred commonly in the interaction zone of different white rot fungi. This competitive interaction could markedly influence the metabolic pathway of intracellular metabolites, which was associated with the fungal morphology change and growth restriction. So far, it remains unknown on intracellular metabolite regulation during fungal competitive interaction. Herein, we performed the metabolomic analysis of the in vivo metabolite changes during competitive interaction between each two of the three white rot fungi Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Dichomitus squalens and identified differential metabolites in the interaction zone compared to each two isolates. Many metabolites in the carnitine, lipid, ethylene and trehalose metabolic pathways were significantly up-regulated. These metabolic pathways are all involved in defensive response to abiotic and/or biotic stressful condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zhong
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Deti Xie
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Gilliham M, Xu B. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1577-1603. [PMID: 27838745 PMCID: PMC11107511 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a signal in animals has been documented for over 60 years. In contrast, evidence that GABA is a signal in plants has only emerged in the last 15 years, and it was not until last year that a mechanism by which this could occur was identified-a plant 'GABA receptor' that inhibits anion passage through the aluminium-activated malate transporter family of proteins (ALMTs). ALMTs are multigenic, expressed in different organs and present on different membranes. We propose GABA regulation of ALMT activity could function as a signal that modulates plant growth, development, and stress response. In this review, we compare and contrast the plant 'GABA receptor' with mammalian GABAA receptors in terms of their molecular identity, predicted topology, mode of action, and signalling roles. We also explore the implications of the discovery that GABA modulates anion flux in plants, its role in signal transduction for the regulation of plant physiology, and predict the possibility that there are other GABA interaction sites in the N termini of ALMT proteins through in silico evolutionary coupling analysis; we also explore the potential interactions between GABA and other signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita A Ramesh
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
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20
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Xu YJ, Luo F, Li B, Shang Y, Wang C. Metabolic Conservation and Diversification of Metarhizium Species Correlate with Fungal Host-Specificity. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2020. [PMID: 28018335 PMCID: PMC5159617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete genus Metarhizium contains several species of insect pathogenic fungi ranging from specialists with narrow host ranges to generalists that can infect diverse invertebrates. Genetic and metabolic conservations and diversifications of Metarhizium species are not well understood. In this study, using the genome information of seven Metarhizium species, we performed a comparative analysis of gene clusters involved in secondary metabolisms (SMs) in these species. The results revealed that the generalist species contain more SM gene clusters than the specialists, and that both conserved and divergent evolutions may have occurred in SM genes during fungal speciation. In particular, the loss/gain events, as well as gene mutagenesis, are evident for the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of non-ribosomal cyclopeptide destruxins. The presence of conserved SM gene clusters in Metarhizium and other divergently evolved insect pathogenic fungi implies their link to fungal entomopathogenicity. Mass spectrometry based metabolomic analyses were also conducted to investigate the chemical diversities of seven Metarhizium species. Consistent with the evolutionary relationships of SM genes among the seven species, significant differences are observed in fungal metabolic profiles, whether the same or different metabolites are produced in different species. Clustering analysis based on the metabolome data revealed that Metarhizium species could be grouped based on their association to fungal host specificity. Our metabolomics-based methods also facilitate the identification of bioactive metabolites that have not been reported previously in Metarhizium. The results of this study will benefit future investigations of the chemical biology of insect-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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21
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Metabolic responses of Beauveria bassiana to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress using an LC-MS-based metabolomics approach. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 137:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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