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Hernández-Pelegrín L, Rodríguez-Gómez A, Abelaira AB, Reche MC, Crava C, Lim FS, Bielza P, Herrero S. Rich diversity of RNA viruses in the biological control agent, Orius laevigatus. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108175. [PMID: 39151645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera, Anthocoridae) is a generalist predator extensively used for the biocontrol of diverse agricultural pests. Previous studies on O. laevigatus have focused on the improvement of insect genetic traits, but little is known about its association with microbes, especially viruses that may influence its production and efficacy. More than 280 RNA viruses have been described in other Hemiptera insects, in line with the continuous discovery of insect-specific viruses (ISVs) boosted by next-generation sequencing. In this study, we characterized the repertoire of RNA viruses associated with O. laevigatus. Its virome comprises 27 RNA viruses, classified within fourteen viral families, of which twenty-three viruses are specific to O. laevigatus and four are likely associated with fungal microbiota. The analysis of viral abundance in five O. laevigatus populations confirmed the presence of simultaneous viral infections and highlighted the ubiquitous presence and high abundance of one solinvivirus and three totiviruses. Moreover, we identified 24 non-retroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs) in the genome of O. laevigatus, suggesting a long-term relationship between the host and its virome. Although no symptoms were described in the insect populations under study, the high diversity of viral species and the high abundance of certain RNA viruses identified indicate that RNA viruses may be significant for the applicability and efficacy of O. laevigatus in biocontrol programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Hernández-Pelegrín
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amador Rodríguez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Abelaira
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ma Carmen Reche
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Cristina Crava
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fang Shiang Lim
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Bielza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Kumar Pradhan S, Morrow JL, Sharpe SR, Karuppannasamy A, Ramasamy E, Bynakal S, Maligeppagol M, Ramasamy A, Riegler M. RNA virus diversity and prevalence in field and laboratory populations of melon fly throughout its distribution. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108117. [PMID: 38679365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Insects have a rich diversity of RNA viruses that can either cause acute infections or persist in host populations without visible symptoms. The melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Tephritidae) causes substantial economic losses through infestation of diverse cucurbit and other crops. Of Indomalayan origin, it is now established in many tropical regions of the world. The virome diversity of Z. cucurbitae is largely unknown across large parts of its distribution, including the Indian subcontinent. We have analysed three transcriptomes each of one field-collected and one laboratory-reared Z. cucurbitae population from Bangalore (India) and discovered genomes of ten putative RNA viruses: two sigmaviruses, one chimbavirus, one cripavirus, one noda-like virus, one nora virus, one orbivirus, one partiti-like virus, one sobemovirus and one toti-like virus. Analysis of the only available host genome of a Hawaiian Z. cucurbitae population did not detect host genome integration of the detected viruses. While all ten viruses were found in the Bangalore field population only seven were detected in the laboratory population, indicating that these seven may cause persistent covert infections. Using virus-specific RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene primers, we detected nine of the RNA viruses with an overall low variant diversity in some but not all individual flies from four out of five Indian regions. We then screened 39 transcriptomes of Z. cucurbitae laboratory populations from eastern Asia (Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan) and the Pacific region (Hawaii), and detected seven of the ten virus genomes. We found additional genomes of a picorna-like virus and a negev-like virus. Hawaii as the only tested population from the fly's invasive range only had one virus. Our study provides evidence of new and high RNA virus diversity in Indian populations within the original range of Z. cucurbitae, as well as the presence of persistent covert infections in laboratory populations. It builds the basis for future research of tephritid-associated RNA viruses, including their host effects, epidemiology and application potential in biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Pradhan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake, Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India; Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jennifer L Morrow
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Stephen R Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Ashok Karuppannasamy
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake, Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India; Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ellango Ramasamy
- Computational and Mathematical Biology Centre (CMBC), THSTI- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Shivanna Bynakal
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India.
| | - Manamohan Maligeppagol
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake, Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India.
| | - Asokan Ramasamy
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake, Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India.
| | - Markus Riegler
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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Divekar G, Colmant AMG, Furlong MJ, Etebari K. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Diverse Range of Novel Viruses in Australian Sugarcane Soldier Fly ( Inopus flavus) Larvae. Viruses 2024; 16:516. [PMID: 38675859 PMCID: PMC11054854 DOI: 10.3390/v16040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In Australia, Soldier flies (Inopus spp.) are economically significant pests of sugarcane that currently lack a viable management strategy. Despite various research efforts, the mechanisms underlying the damage caused by soldier fly larvae remain poorly understood. Our study aims to explore whether this damage is associated with the transmission of plant viruses during larval feeding. We also explore the larval transcriptome to identify any entomopathogenic viruses with the potential to be used as biocontrol agents in future pest management programs. Seven novel virus sequences are identified and characterised using de novo assembly of RNA-Seq data obtained from salivary glands of larvae. The novel virus sequences belong to different virus families and are tentatively named SF-associated anphevirus (SFaAV), SF-associated orthomyxo-like virus (SFaOV), SF-associated narna-like virus (SFaNV), SF-associated partiti-like virus (SFaPV), SF-associated toti-like virus (SFaTV-1 and SFaTV-2) and SF-associated densovirus (SFaDV). These newly identified viruses are more likely insect-associated viruses, as phylogenetic analyses show that they cluster with other insect-specific viruses. Small RNA analysis indicates prominent peaks at both 21 nt and 26-29 nt, suggesting the activation of host siRNA and piwiRNA pathways. Our study helps to improve understanding of the virome of soldier flies and could identify insect viruses for deployment in novel pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Divekar
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia
| | - Agathe M. G. Colmant
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Università di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Michael J. Furlong
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Kayvan Etebari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia
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Wang H, Chao S, Yan Q, Zhang S, Chen G, Mao C, Hu Y, Yu F, Wang S, Lv L, Yang B, He J, Zhang S, Zhang L, Simmonds P, Feng G. Genetic diversity of RNA viruses infecting invertebrate pests of rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:175-187. [PMID: 37946067 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate species are a natural reservoir of viral genetic diversity, and invertebrate pests are widely distributed in crop fields. However, information on viruses infecting invertebrate pests of crops is limited. In this report, we describe the deep metatranscriptomic sequencing of 88 invertebrate samples covering all major invertebrate pests in rice fields. We identified 296 new RNA viruses and 13 known RNA viruses. These viruses clustered within 31 families, with many highly divergent viruses constituting potentially new families and genera. Of the identified viruses, 13 RNA viruses clustered within the Fiersviridae family of bacteriophages, and 48 RNA viruses clustered within families and genera of mycoviruses. We detected known rice viruses in novel invertebrate hosts at high abundances. Furthermore, some novel RNA viruses have genome structures closely matching to known plant viruses and clustered within genera of several plant virus species. Forty-five potential insect pathogenic RNA viruses were detected in invertebrate species. Our analysis revealed that host taxonomy plays a major role and geographical location plays an important role in structuring viral diversity. Cross-species transmission of RNA viruses was detected between invertebrate hosts. Newly identified viral genomes showed extensive variation for invertebrate viral families or genera. Together, the large-scale metatranscriptomic analysis greatly expands our understanding of RNA viruses in rice invertebrate species, the results provide valuable information for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shufen Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Qing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Chonghui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Fengquan Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Sanya Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Centre, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection & Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Baojun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Jiachun He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Guozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
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Robinson CRP, Dolezal AG, Newton ILG. Host species and geography impact bee-associated RNA virus communities with evidence for isolation by distance in viral populations. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycad003. [PMID: 38304079 PMCID: PMC10833078 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Virus symbionts are important mediators of ecosystem function, yet we know little of their diversity and ecology in natural populations. The alarming decline of pollinating insects in many regions of the globe, especially the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, has been driven in part by worldwide transmission of virus pathogens. Previous work has examined the transmission of known honey bee virus pathogens to wild bee populations, but only a handful of studies have investigated the native viromes associated with wild bees, limiting epidemiological predictors associated with viral pathogenesis. Further, variation among different bee species might have important consequences in the acquisition and maintenance of bee-associated virome diversity. We utilized comparative metatranscriptomics to develop a baseline description of the RNA viromes associated with wild bee pollinators and to document viral diversity, community composition, and structure. Our sampling includes five wild-caught, native bee species that vary in social behavior as well as managed honey bees. We describe 26 putatively new RNA virus species based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase phylogeny and show that each sampled bee species was associated with a specific virus community composition, even among sympatric populations of distinct host species. From 17 samples of a single host species, we recovered a single virus species despite over 600 km of distance between host populations and found strong evidence for isolation by distance in associated viral populations. Our work adds to the small number of studies examining viral prevalence and community composition in wild bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R P Robinson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Adam G Dolezal
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Irene L G Newton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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6
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Stuehler DS, Hunter WB, Carrillo-Tarazona Y, Espitia H, Cicero JM, Bell T, Mann HR, Clarke SKV, Paris TM, Metz JL, D'Elia T, Qureshi JA, Cano LM. Wild lime psyllid Leuronota fagarae Burckhardt (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) picorna-like virus full genome annotation and classification. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:107995. [PMID: 37748676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Picorna-like viruses of the order Picornavirales are a poorly defined group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that include numerous pathogens known to infect plants, animals, and insects. A new picorna-like viral species was isolated from the wild lime psyllid (WLP), Leuronota fagarae, in the state of Florida, USA, and labelled: Leuronota fagarae picorna-like virus isolate FL (LfPLV-FL). The virus was found to have homology to a picorna-like virus identified in the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, collected in the state of Florida. Computational analysis of RNA extracts from WLP adult heads identified a 10,006-nucleotide sequence encoding a 2,942 amino acid polyprotein with similar functional domain structure to polyproteins of both Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae. Sequence comparisons of nucleic acid and amino acid translations of the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, along with the entire N-terminal nonstructural coding region, provided insight into an evolutionary relationship of LfPLV-FL to insect-infecting iflaviruses. Viruses belonging to the family Iflaviridae encode a polyprotein of around 3000 amino acids in length that is processed post-translationally to produce components necessary for replication. The classification of a novel picorna-like virus in L. fagarae, with evolutionary characteristics similar to picorna-like viruses infecting Bactericera cockerelli and D. citri, provides an opportunity to examine virus host specificity, as well as identify critical components of the virus' genome required for successful transmission, infection, and replication. This bioinformatic classification allows for further insight into a novel virus species, and aids in the research of a closely related virus of the invasive psyllid, D. citri, a major pest of Floridian citriculture. The potential use of viral pathogens as expression vectors to manage the spread D. citri is an area that requires additional research; however, it may bring forth an effective control strategy to reduce the transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Stuehler
- ORISE Participant, DOE/USDA, ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; USDA, ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - Wayne B Hunter
- USDA, ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - Yisel Carrillo-Tarazona
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - Hector Espitia
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - Joseph M Cicero
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Tracey Bell
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA.
| | - Hannah R Mann
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA
| | | | - Thomson M Paris
- ORISE Participant, DOE/USDA, ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; USDA, ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - Jackie L Metz
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - Tom D'Elia
- Department of Biology, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA.
| | - Jawwad A Qureshi
- University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC), 2685 SR 29 North Immokalee, FL 34142, USA.
| | - Liliana M Cano
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
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Zhang Y, Ye ZX, Feng XX, Xu ZT, Chen JP, Zhang CX, Li JM. Prevalence of Reversed Genome Organizations for Viruses in the Family Iflaviridae, Order Picornavirales. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0473822. [PMID: 37125908 PMCID: PMC10269833 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04738-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the order Picornavirales possess a positive-strand RNA genome that encodes structural proteins (SPs) and nonstructural proteins (NSPs). According to the recent report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), there are 8 families in Picornavirales, and monopartite picornaviruses in each family exhibit distinct types of genome organizations with rearranged genes coding for SPs and NSPs, namely, TypeI (5'-SPs-NSPs-3') and TypeII (5'-NSPs-SPs-3'). In the present study, 2 iflaviruses with the 2 genome types were unexpectedly identified in a damselfly host species, suggesting that these 2 genome types coexisted in the same host species, and the families of order Picornavirales might be more complex than previously thought. The consequent systematic homologous screening with all the publicly available picornaviruses successfully revealed a considerable number of candidates rearranged genome types of picornaviruses in various families of Picornavirales. Subsequently, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on RNA dependent RNA polymerase and coat protein, which evidently confirmed the prevalence of the 10 typeII iflaviruses in the Iflaviridae family. This suggests that genome types may not be relevant to viral taxonomy in this family. However, candidate picornaviruses with reversed genome types in the Secoviridae and Dicistroviridae families require further investigation. All in all, as the number of newly discovered viruses increases, more viruses with non-canonical genome arrangements will be uncovered, which can expand our current knowledge on the genome complexity and evolution of picornaviruses. IMPORTANCE Monopartite viruses in the order Picornavirales exhibit distinct genome arrangement of nonstructural proteins and structural proteins for each of the 8 families. Recent studies indicated that at least 4 ifla-like viruses possessed reversed genome organization in the family Iflaviridae, raising the possibility that this phenomenon may commonly present in different families of picornaviruses. Since we discovered 2 iflaviruses with exchanged structural and nonstructural proteins simultaneously in the damselfly, a systematic screening was subsequently performed for all of the current available picornaviruses (1,543 candidates). The results revealed 10 picornaviruses with reversed genome organization in the family Iflaviridae, implying that this phenomenon might prevalence in the order Picornavirales. These results will contribute to a better understanding for the future study on the genome complexity and taxonomy of picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Feng
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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8
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Martemyanov VV, Akhanaev YB, Belousova IA, Pavlusin SV, Yakimova ME, Kharlamova DD, Ageev AA, Golovina AN, Astapenko SA, Kolosov AV, Ananko GG, Taranov OS, Shvalov AN, Bodnev SA, Ershov NI, Grushevaya IV, Timofeyev MA, Tokarev YS. A New Cypovirus-1 Strain as a Promising Agent for Lepidopteran Pest Control. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0385522. [PMID: 37154690 PMCID: PMC10269911 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03855-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Now more than ever researchers provide more and more evidence that it is necessary to develop an ecologically friendly approach to pest control. This is reflected in a sharp increase in the value of the biological insecticide market in recent decades. In our study, we found a virus strain belonging to the genus Cypovirus (Reoviridae); the strain was isolated from Dendrolimus sibiricus, possessing attractive features as a candidate for mass production of biological agents for lepidopteran-pest control. We describe the morphological, molecular, and ecological features of the new Cypovirus strain. This strain was found to be highly virulent to D. sibiricus (the half-lethal dose is 25 occlusion bodies per second-instar larva) and to have a relatively wide host range (infecting representatives of five families of Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Sphingidae, Pieridae, Noctuidae, and Lasiocampidae). The virus strain showed a strong interaction with a nontoxic adjuvant (optical brightener), which decreased the lethal dose for both main and alternative hosts, decreased lethal time, and may expand the host range. Moreover, we demonstrated that the insecticidal features were preserved after passaging through the most economically suitable host. By providing strong arguments for the possible use of this strain in pest control, we call on virologists, pest control specialists, and molecular biologists to give more attention to the Cypovirus genus, which may lead to new insights in the field of pest control research and may provide significant advantages to compare with baculoviruses and Bacillus thuringiensis products which are nowadays main source of bioinsecticides. IMPORTANCE In this article, we describe a newly discovered cypovirus strain that displays features ideally suited for the development of a modern biological insecticide: high potency, relatively broad host range, true regulating effect, flexible production (possibility to choose host species for production), interaction with enhancing adjuvants, and ecologically friendly. Based on an alignment of CPV genomes, we suggest that the enhanced host range of this new strain is the sequence of evolutionary events that occurred after coinfections involving different CPV species within the same host. These findings suggest that we need to positively reconsider CPVs as prospective agents as biocontrol products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav V. Martemyanov
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy B. Akhanaev
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina A. Belousova
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Pavlusin
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maria E. Yakimova
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Information Biology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria D. Kharlamova
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Ageev
- Center of Forest Pyrology, Development of Forest Ecosystem Conservation, Forest Protection and Regeneration Technologies, branch of All-Russia Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna N. Golovina
- Center of Forest Pyrology, Development of Forest Ecosystem Conservation, Forest Protection and Regeneration Technologies, branch of All-Russia Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Astapenko
- Center of Forest Pyrology, Development of Forest Ecosystem Conservation, Forest Protection and Regeneration Technologies, branch of All-Russia Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kolosov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Grigory G. Ananko
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Shvalov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Bodnev
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | | | - Inna V. Grushevaya
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin – St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Yuri S. Tokarev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin – St. Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Hernández-Pelegrín L, Llopis-Giménez Á, Crava CM, Ortego F, Hernández-Crespo P, Ros VID, Herrero S. Expanding the Medfly Virome: Viral Diversity, Prevalence, and sRNA Profiling in Mass-Reared and Field-Derived Medflies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030623. [PMID: 35337030 PMCID: PMC8955247 DOI: 10.3390/v14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is an agricultural pest of a wide range of fruits. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has boosted the discovery of RNA viruses infecting insects. In this article, we aim to characterize the RNA virome and viral sRNA profile of medfly. By means of transcriptome mining, we expanded the medfly RNA virome to 13 viruses, including two novel positive ssRNA viruses and the first two novel dsRNA viruses reported for medfly. Our analysis across multiple laboratory-reared and field-collected medfly samples showed the presence of a core RNA virome comprised of Ceratitis capitata iflavirus 2 and Ceratitis capitata negev-like virus 1. Furthermore, field-collected flies showed a higher viral diversity in comparison to the laboratory-reared flies. Based on the small RNA sequencing, we detected small interfering RNAs mapping to all the viruses present in each sample, except for Ceratitis capitata nora virus. Although the identified RNA viruses do not cause obvious symptoms in medflies, the outcome of their interaction may still influence the medfly’s fitness and ecology, becoming either a risk or an opportunity for mass-rearing and SIT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Hernández-Pelegrín
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (L.H.-P.); (Á.L.-G.); (C.M.C.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ángel Llopis-Giménez
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (L.H.-P.); (Á.L.-G.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Cristina Maria Crava
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (L.H.-P.); (Á.L.-G.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Félix Ortego
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.O.); (P.H.-C.)
| | - Pedro Hernández-Crespo
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.O.); (P.H.-C.)
| | - Vera I. D. Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (L.H.-P.); (Á.L.-G.); (C.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-54-30-06
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10
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Chase EE, Monteil-Bouchard S, Gobet A, Andrianjakarivony FH, Desnues C, Blanc G. A High Rate Algal Pond Hosting a Dynamic Community of RNA Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:2163. [PMID: 34834969 PMCID: PMC8619904 DOI: 10.3390/v13112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a surge of RNA virome sequencing in recent years, there are still many RNA viruses to uncover-as indicated by the relevance of viral dark matter to RNA virome studies (i.e., putative viruses that do not match to taxonomically identified viruses). This study explores a unique site, a high-rate algal pond (HRAP), for culturing industrially microalgae, to elucidate new RNA viruses. The importance of viral-host interactions in aquatic systems are well documented, and the ever-expanding microalgae industry is no exception. As the industry becomes a more important source of sustainable plastic manufacturing, a producer of cosmetic pigments and alternative protein sources, and a means of CO2 remediation in the face of climate change, studying microalgal viruses becomes a vital practice for proactive management of microalgae cultures at the industrial level. This study provides evidence of RNA microalgal viruses persisting in a CO2 remediation pilot project HRAP and uncovers the diversity of the RNA virosphere contained within it. Evidence shows that family Marnaviridae is cultured in the basin, alongside other potential microalgal infecting viruses (e.g., family Narnaviridae, family Totitiviridae, and family Yueviridae). Finally, we demonstrate that the RNA viral diversity of the HRAP is temporally dynamic across two successive culturing seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Chase
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.M.-B.); (F.H.A.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Sonia Monteil-Bouchard
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.M.-B.); (F.H.A.)
| | - Angélique Gobet
- MARBEC University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34203 Sète, France;
| | - Felana H. Andrianjakarivony
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.M.-B.); (F.H.A.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.M.-B.); (F.H.A.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Blanc
- Microbiologie Environnementale Biotechnologie, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (S.M.-B.); (F.H.A.)
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11
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Cheng RL, Li XF, Zhang CX. Novel Dicistroviruses in an Unexpected Wide Range of Invertebrates. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:423-431. [PMID: 33837925 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dicistroviruses are members of a rapidly growing family of small RNA viruses. Related sequences have been discovered in many environmental samples, indicating that our knowledge about dicistrovirus diversity and host range is still limited. In this study, we performed a systematic search against the publicly available transcriptome database, and identified large numbers of dicistrovirus-like sequences in a wide variety of eukaryotic species. The origins of these sequences were 108 invertebrates (including 77 insect species belonging to 18 orders) and 11 plants, revealing new associations between dicistroviruses and hosts. Finally, 83 transcripts corresponding to nearly-complete viral genomes were retrieved from the RNA-seq data, of which most sequences showed limited similarity to known dicistroviruses and might present previously unreported virus species. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that horizontal virus transfer has occurred between diverse hosts and has important implications for dicistrovirus evolution. The results will provide new insight into the hidden diversity of the Dicistroviridae, and help us to better understand the viral evolution, host range and the possible way of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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12
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Daughenbaugh KF, Kahnonitch I, Carey CC, McMenamin AJ, Wiegand T, Erez T, Arkin N, Ross B, Wiedenheft B, Sadeh A, Chejanovsky N, Mandelik Y, Flenniken ML. Metatranscriptome Analysis of Sympatric Bee Species Identifies Bee Virus Variants and a New Virus, Andrena-Associated Bee Virus-1. Viruses 2021; 13:291. [PMID: 33673324 PMCID: PMC7917660 DOI: 10.3390/v13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees are important plant pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems. High average annual losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in some parts of the world, and regional population declines of some mining bee species (Andrena spp.), are attributed to multiple factors including habitat loss, lack of quality forage, insecticide exposure, and pathogens, including viruses. While research has primarily focused on viruses in honey bees, many of these viruses have a broad host range. It is therefore important to apply a community level approach in studying the epidemiology of bee viruses. We utilized high-throughput sequencing to evaluate viral diversity and viral sharing in sympatric, co-foraging bees in the context of habitat type. Variants of four common viruses (i.e., black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, Lake Sinai virus 2, and Lake Sinai virus NE) were identified in honey bee and mining bee samples, and the high degree of nucleotide identity in the virus consensus sequences obtained from both taxa indicates virus sharing. We discovered a unique bipartite + ssRNA Tombo-like virus, Andrena-associated bee virus-1 (AnBV-1). AnBV-1 infects mining bees, honey bees, and primary honey bee pupal cells maintained in culture. AnBV-1 prevalence and abundance was greater in mining bees than in honey bees. Statistical modeling that examined the roles of ecological factors, including floral diversity and abundance, indicated that AnBV-1 infection prevalence in honey bees was greater in habitats with low floral diversity and abundance, and that interspecific virus transmission is strongly modulated by the floral community in the habitat. These results suggest that land management strategies that aim to enhance floral diversity and abundance may reduce AnBV-1 spread between co-foraging bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie F. Daughenbaugh
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (K.F.D.); (B.R.)
- Pollinator Health Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (C.C.C.); (A.J.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Idan Kahnonitch
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 5290002, Israel; (I.K.); (Y.M.)
- Agroecology Lab, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Charles C. Carey
- Pollinator Health Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (C.C.C.); (A.J.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Alexander J. McMenamin
- Pollinator Health Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (C.C.C.); (A.J.M.); (T.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Tanner Wiegand
- Pollinator Health Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (C.C.C.); (A.J.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Tal Erez
- Entomology Department, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel; (T.E.); (N.C.)
| | - Naama Arkin
- Agroecology Lab, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; (N.A.); (A.S.)
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Brian Ross
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (K.F.D.); (B.R.)
- Pollinator Health Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (C.C.C.); (A.J.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Blake Wiedenheft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Asaf Sadeh
- Agroecology Lab, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel; (N.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Nor Chejanovsky
- Entomology Department, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel; (T.E.); (N.C.)
| | - Yael Mandelik
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 5290002, Israel; (I.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Michelle L. Flenniken
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (K.F.D.); (B.R.)
- Pollinator Health Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (C.C.C.); (A.J.M.); (T.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
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13
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Arraes FBM, Martins-de-Sa D, Noriega Vasquez DD, Melo BP, Faheem M, de Macedo LLP, Morgante CV, Barbosa JARG, Togawa RC, Moreira VJV, Danchin EGJ, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Dissecting protein domain variability in the core RNA interference machinery of five insect orders. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1653-1681. [PMID: 33302789 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1861816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing can be used to control specific insect pest populations. Unfortunately, the variable efficiency in the knockdown levels of target genes has narrowed the applicability of this technology to a few species. Here, we examine the current state of knowledge regarding the miRNA (micro RNA) and siRNA (small interfering RNA) pathways in insects and investigate the structural variability at key protein domains of the RNAi machinery. Our goal was to correlate domain variability with mechanisms affecting the gene silencing efficiency. To this end, the protein domains of 168 insect species, encompassing the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera, were analysed using our pipeline, which takes advantage of meticulous structure-based sequence alignments. We used phylogenetic inference and the evolutionary rate coefficient (K) to outline the variability across domain regions and surfaces. Our results show that four domains, namely dsrm, Helicase, PAZ and Ribonuclease III, are the main contributors of protein variability in the RNAi machinery across different insect orders. We discuss the potential roles of these domains in regulating RNAi-mediated gene silencing and the role of loop regions in fine-tuning RNAi efficiency. Additionally, we identified several order-specific singularities which indicate that lepidopterans have evolved differently from other insect orders, possibly due to constant coevolution with plants and viruses. In conclusion, our results highlight several variability hotspots that deserve further investigation in order to improve the application of RNAi technology in the control of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Martins-de-Sa
- Departamento De Biologia Celular, Universidade De Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel D Noriega Vasquez
- Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP), Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes Melo
- Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP), Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Viçosa University, UFV, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP), Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP), Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina-PE, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, Jakarta Embrapa-Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Coiti Togawa
- Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP), Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Valdeir Junio Vaz Moreira
- Biotechnology Center, Brazil.,Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP), Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Departamento De Biologia Celular, Universidade De Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Etienne G J Danchin
- National Institute of Science and Technology, Jakarta Embrapa-Brazil.,INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP), Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, Jakarta Embrapa-Brazil
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14
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Etebari K, Shelomi M, Furlong MJ. Identification of a Novel Picorna-like Virus in Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros). Virus Res 2020; 287:198100. [PMID: 32739236 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel Picorna-like virus, tentatively named Oryctes rhinoceros Picorna-like virus 1 (OrPV1), was identified in coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) larvae in Taiwan. The complete genome sequence consisted of 9,665 nucleotides with a polyA tail and included one open reading frame. Conserved structural domains such as Picornavirus capsid protein, RNA helicase, Peptidase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were identified through Pfam domain searches. The genome shares approximately 27-28% identity with other unclassified Picornavirales that infect honey bees (Darwin bee virus 2, Bundaberg bee virus 5, and Sacbrood virus) and a recently reported virus from Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis virus 1). We did not detect this virus in any other geographical populations of O. rhinoceros collected from the South Pacific Islands and the Philippines. Analysis of the deduced RdRp amino acid sequences showed that the virus clustered with other Picorna-like viruses and separated from other members of family Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Etebari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Matan Shelomi
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No 27 Lane 113 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Michael J Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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15
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Carballo A, Williams T, Murillo R, Caballero P. Iflavirus Covert Infection Increases Susceptibility to Nucleopolyhedrovirus Disease in Spodoptera exigua. Viruses 2020; 12:E509. [PMID: 32380682 PMCID: PMC7290388 DOI: 10.3390/v12050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring covert infections in lepidopteran populations can involve multiple viruses with potentially different transmission strategies. In this study, we characterized covert infection by two RNA viruses, Spodoptera exigua iflavirus 1 (SeIV-1) and Spodoptera exigua iflavirus 2 (SeIV-2) (family Iflaviridae) that naturally infect populations of Spodoptera exigua, and examined their influence on susceptibility to patent disease by the nucleopolyhedrovirus Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) (family Baculoviridae). The abundance of SeIV-1 genomes increased up to ten-thousand-fold across insect developmental stages after surface contamination of host eggs with a mixture of SeIV-1 and SeIV-2 particles, whereas the abundance of SeIV-2 remained constant across all developmental stages. Low levels of SeIV-2 infection were detected in all groups of insects, including those that hatched from surface-decontaminated egg masses. SeIV-1 infection resulted in reduced larval weight gain, and an unbalanced sex ratio, whereas larval developmental time, pupal weight, and adult emergence and fecundity were not significantly affected in infected adults. The inoculation of S. exigua egg masses with iflavirus, followed by a subsequent infection with SeMNPV, resulted in an additive effect on larval mortality. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of SeMNPV was reduced nearly 4-fold and the mean time to death was faster by 12 h in iflavirus-treated insects. These results suggest that inapparent iflavirus infections may be able to modulate the host response to a new pathogen, a finding that has particular relevance to the use of SeMNPV as the basis for biological pest control products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaitz Carballo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (P.C.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Agronomía y Alimentos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Murillo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (P.C.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Agronomía y Alimentos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (P.C.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Agronomía y Alimentos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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16
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Niu J, Li XL, Wu YL, Sun QZ, Zhang W, Cao M, Wang JJ. RNA virome screening in diverse but ecologically related citrus pests reveals potential virus-host interactions. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 170:107329. [PMID: 31962124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As an evergreen ecosystem, citrus orchards have specialized pest species and stable ecological homeostasis; thus, they provide an ideal model for investigating RNA viromes in diverse but ecologically related species. For this purpose, we collected specialized citrus pests from three classes of invertebrates, Insecta, Arachnida, and Gastropoda and we constructed two kinds of libraries (RNA and small RNA) for the pests by deep sequencing. In total, six virus-derived sequences were identified, including four Picornavirales, one Jingchuvirales and one Nidovirales. The picornavirus-derived small RNAs showed significant small RNA peaks and symmetric distribution patterns along the genome, which suggests these viruses infected the hosts and triggered host antiviral immunity RNA interference. Screening of virus-derived sequences in multiple species of citrus pests (n = 10 per species) showed that Eotetranychus kankitus picorna-like virus and Tetranychus urticae mivirus may be present in multiple pests. Our investigation in citrus pests confirmed that RNA viruses revealed by metagenomics could impact host immunity (e.g. RNAi). An approach with parallel deep sequencing of RNAs and small RNAs is useful not only for viral discoveries but also for understanding virus-host interactions of ecologically related but divergent pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin-Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengji Cao
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Niu J, Yang WJ, Tian Y, Fan JY, Ye C, Shang F, Ding BY, Zhang J, An X, Yang L, Chang TY, Christiaens O, Smagghe G, Wang JJ. Topical dsRNA delivery induces gene silencing and mortality in the pea aphid. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2873-2881. [PMID: 31038279 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing number of available aphid genomes and transcriptomes, an efficient and easy-to-adapt tool for gene function study is urgently required. RNA interference (RNAi), as a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, is important as a research tool for determining gene functions and has potential as a novel insect control strategy. However, these applications have been hampered by the lack of effective dsRNA delivery approaches in aphids. RESULTS Here, we developed a convenient and efficient dsRNA delivery method, topical RNAi, in aphids. An investigation of its dose and time-dependent RNAi efficiencies revealed that with as little as 60 ng dsRNA per adult pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), the indicator gene, Aphunchback, could be significantly silenced within 2 h of exposure. The method was further validated by successfully silencing other different genes, and it was also efficient toward two other aphid species, Aphis citricidus and Myzus persicae. Furthermore, a noticeable mortality was also observed in pea aphids using topical RNAi-mediated gene silencing, within 4 days post-dsRNA application for four out of seven tested genes. CONCLUSION Compared with the currently used dsRNA delivery methods in aphids, microinjection and ingestion, topical RNAi is time- and cost-effective, which could greatly influence RNAi-based gene functional studies and potential candidate gene selection for developing RNAi-based aphid control strategies in the future. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Yao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi-Yue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin An
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng-Yu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Olivier Christiaens
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory on China-Belgium Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Three novel RNA viruses in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae and their possible interactions with the host RNA interference response. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107228. [PMID: 31386829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a polyphagous herbivore, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is engaged with various plant hosts and interacts with diverse organisms that share the same ecological niche. Thus, T. urticae faces frequent challenges from viral infections. However, the RNA viruses of T. urticae are still unknown. Here, we constructed two libraries (~8 Gb for RNA and ~10 Mb for small RNA) from a strain of T. urticae using deep sequencing, and identified three novel RNA viruses from the families Kitaviridae, Dicistroviridae, and Chuviridae. Among them, the Kitaviridae and Dicistroviridae viruses presented a possible interaction pattern with the host RNA interference pathway.
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Abstract
Deformed wing virus (DWV) has become the most well-known, widespread, and intensively studied insect pathogen in the world. Although DWV was previously present in honeybee populations, the arrival and global spread of a new vector, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, has dramatically altered DWV epidemiology. DWV is now the most prevalent virus in honeybees, with a minimum average of 55% of colonies/apiaries infected across 32 countries. Additionally, DWV has been detected in 65 arthropod species spanning eight insect orders and three orders of Arachnida. Here, we describe the significant progress that has been made in elucidating the capsid structure of the virus, understanding its ever-expanding host range, and tracking the constantly evolving DWV genome and formation of recombinants. The construction of molecular clones, working with DWV in cell lines, and the development of immunohistochemistry methods will all help the community to move forward. Identifying the tissues in which DWV variants are replicating and understanding the impact of DWV in non-honeybee hosts are major new goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Martin
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom;
| | - Laura E Brettell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2751, Australia;
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20
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Drezen JM, Josse T, Bézier A, Gauthier J, Huguet E, Herniou EA. Impact of Lateral Transfers on the Genomes of Lepidoptera. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E315. [PMID: 29120392 PMCID: PMC5704228 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer of DNA sequences between species regardless of their evolutionary distance is very common in bacteria, but evidence that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) also occurs in multicellular organisms has been accumulating in the past few years. The actual extent of this phenomenon is underestimated due to frequent sequence filtering of "alien" DNA before genome assembly. However, recent studies based on genome sequencing have revealed, and experimentally verified, the presence of foreign DNA sequences in the genetic material of several species of Lepidoptera. Large DNA viruses, such as baculoviruses and the symbiotic viruses of parasitic wasps (bracoviruses), have the potential to mediate these transfers in Lepidoptera. In particular, using ultra-deep sequencing, newly integrated transposons have been identified within baculovirus genomes. Bacterial genes have also been acquired by genomes of Lepidoptera, as in other insects and nematodes. In addition, insertions of bracovirus sequences were present in the genomes of certain moth and butterfly lineages, that were likely corresponding to rearrangements of ancient integrations. The viral genes present in these sequences, sometimes of hymenopteran origin, have been co-opted by lepidopteran species to confer some protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Drezen
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Thibaut Josse
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Jérémy Gauthier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Elisabeth Anne Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
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21
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Engineering resistance to virus transmission. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 26:20-27. [PMID: 28750351 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineering plants for resistance to virus transmission by invertebrate vectors has lagged behind other forms of plant protection. Vectors typically transmit more than one virus. Thus, vector resistance could provide a wider range of protection than defenses directed solely against one virus or virus group. We discuss current knowledge of vector-host-virus interactions, the roles of viral gene products in host and vector manipulation, and the effects of semiochemicals on host-vector interactions, and how this knowledge could be employed to disrupt transmission dynamics. We also discuss how resistance to vectors could be generated through genetic engineering or gene editing or indirectly through use of biocontrol using plant-resident viruses that infect vectors.
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Drezen JM, Gauthier J, Josse T, Bézier A, Herniou E, Huguet E. Foreign DNA acquisition by invertebrate genomes. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:157-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Kolliopoulou A, Taning CNT, Smagghe G, Swevers L. Viral Delivery of dsRNA for Control of Insect Agricultural Pests and Vectors of Human Disease: Prospects and Challenges. Front Physiol 2017; 8:399. [PMID: 28659820 PMCID: PMC5469917 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi is applied as a new and safe method for pest control in agriculture but efficiency and specificity of delivery of dsRNA trigger remains a critical issue. Various agents have been proposed to augment dsRNA delivery, such as engineered micro-organisms and synthetic nanoparticles, but the use of viruses has received relatively little attention. Here we present a critical view of the potential of the use of recombinant viruses for efficient and specific delivery of dsRNA. First of all, it requires the availability of plasmid-based reverse genetics systems for virus production, of which an overview is presented. For RNA viruses, their application seems to be straightforward since dsRNA is produced as an intermediate molecule during viral replication, but DNA viruses also have potential through the production of RNA hairpins after transcription. However, application of recombinant virus for dsRNA delivery may not be straightforward in many cases, since viruses can encode RNAi suppressors, and virus-induced silencing effects can be determined by the properties of the encoded RNAi suppressor. An alternative is virus-like particles that retain the efficiency and specificity determinants of natural virions but have encapsidated non-replicating RNA. Finally, the use of viruses raises important safety issues which need to be addressed before application can proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolliopoulou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Clauvis N. T. Taning
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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25
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Maciel-Vergara G, Ros VID. Viruses of insects reared for food and feed. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:60-75. [PMID: 28189501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of insects as food for humans or as feed for animals is an alternative for the increasing high demand for meat and has various environmental and social advantages over the traditional intensive production of livestock. Mass rearing of insects, under insect farming conditions or even in industrial settings, can be the key for a change in the way natural resources are utilized in order to produce meat, animal protein and a list of other valuable animal products. However, because insect mass rearing technology is relatively new, little is known about the different factors that determine the quality and yield of the production process. Obtaining such knowledge is crucial for the success of insect-based product development. One of the issues that is likely to compromise the success of insect rearing is the outbreak of insect diseases. In particular, viral diseases can be devastating for the productivity and the quality of mass rearing systems. Prevention and management of viral diseases imply the understanding of the different factors that interact in insect mass rearing. This publication provides an overview of the known viruses in insects most commonly reared for food and feed. Nowadays with large-scale sequencing techniques, new viruses are rapidly being discovered. We discuss factors affecting the emergence of viruses in mass rearing systems, along with virus transmission routes. Finally we provide an overview of the wide range of measures available to prevent and manage virus outbreaks in mass rearing systems, ranging from simple sanitation methods to highly sophisticated methods including RNAi and transgenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maciel-Vergara
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Vera I D Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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