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Wang H, Yang B, Li Q, Liu S. Low-dose of formalin-inactivated Vibrio alginolyticus protects Crassostrea gigas from secondary infection and confers broad-spectrum Vibrio resistance on offspring. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:105122. [PMID: 38104703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of evidences have shown that invertebrate taxa can be primed to produce immune memory to resist the secondary infection of pathogens, which was considered as a viable option to protect invertebrates from pathogens. In this work, we compared the protective effect of several different immune priming methods on the Vibrio alginolyticus secondary infection of the Crassostrea gigas. The results showed that C. gigas primed with live V. alginolyticus had higher ROS level, which led to hemocytes necrosis and higher mortality rate in the later stage. Low-dose of formalin-inactivated V. alginolyticus (including 5 × 104 CFU/mL and 5 × 105 CFU/mL) elicited appropriate immune response in C. gigas, protecting C. gigas from V. alginolyticus infection. Immersion with 5 × 104 CFU/mL formalin-inactivated V. alginolyticus was performed to prime C. gigas immunity in the trans-generational immune priming. Trans-generational immune priming significantly increased the resistance of larvae to various Vibrio species. Overall, these results suggested that low-dose of formalin-inactivated V. alginolyticus can protect C. gigas from secondary infection and confer broad-spectrum Vibrio resistance on offspring. This work provided valuable information toward a new direction for the protection of C. gigas from Vibrio infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Hao X, Zhang W, Zhao L, Shen L, Zhu L, Zeng B, Jiang D, Bai L. Bacillus subtilis reduces antibiotic resistance genes of animal sludge in vermicomposting by improving heat stress tolerance of Eisenia foetida and bacterial community adjustment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115088. [PMID: 36529325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock industry have been recognized as a kind of pollutant. The effect of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) as an additive for the reduction of ARGs in animal sludge from livestock and poultry wastewater treatment plant during vermicomposting was investigated. We also evaluated the oxidative stress level and growth of earthworms, Eisenia foetida, bacterial community succession, and the quality of the end products. Two treatments were conducted using B. subtilis, one at 18 °C and another at 28 °C. Controls were setup without the bacteria. The results showed that inoculation of B. subtilis promoted the degradation of organics at 28 °C and increased the germination index to 236%. The increased activities of the superoxide dismutase (1.69 U/mg pr) and catalase (8.05 U/mg pr) and the decreased activity of malondialdehyde (0.02 nmol/mg pr) by B. subtilis at 28 °C showed that the earthworms were relieved of heat stress. The addition of B. subtilis reduced the abundance of 32 target ARGs, including integron (intI-1), transposase (IS613) and resistant genes, such as sulfonamide (sul2), quinolone (oprJ), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B (ermF, ermB), tetracycline (tetL-02, tetX), β-lactama (blaOXA10-01) and aminoglycoside [strB, aac(6')-Ib(aka aacA4)-01, aac(6')-Ib(aka aacA4)-02]. Organic matter degrading Membranicola, Paludisphaera, Sphingorhabdus and uncultured bacterium belonging to the order Chitinophagales, nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing Singulisphaera and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, soil remediating Achromobacter, and plant growth promoting Kaistia, Galbibacter and Ilumatobacter were increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, the growth of harmful bacteria such as Burkholderiaceae was inhibited in the vermicompost. In earthworm guts, the probiotic Mesorhizobium was promoted, while the pathogenic uncultured bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae was reduced. Besides, B. subtilis enhanced the host relationships between bacteria and ARGs. These findings might be helpful in the removal of ARGs in animal wastes and in understanding the synergy between earthworms and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hao
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Liangbin Zhao
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lin Bai
- Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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Lv X, Sun J, Li Y, Yang W, Wang L, Leng J, Yan X, Guo Z, Yang Q, Wang L, Song L. CgIL17-5 regulates the mRNA expressions of immune effectors through inducing the phosphorylation of CgMAPKs and the nuclear translocation of CgRel and CgAP-1 in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104263. [PMID: 34563588 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a classic pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory response. In the present study, the sequence feature of CgIL17-5 and its function as a pro-inflammatory factor in inducing the mRNA expressions of downstream immune effectors were investigated in oyster Crassostrea gigas. There were two tightly folded alpha helixes and two pairs of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet in the amino acid sequence of CgIL17-5. The mRNA transcripts of CgIL17-5 were constitutively distributed in all the tested tissues, with the highest level in haemocytes. The mRNA expression level of CgIL17-5 in haemocytes increased significantly at 24 h after Vibrio splendidus stimulation. CgIL17-5 protein was mainly detected in granulocytes which were the main immunocompetent haemocytes in C. gigas. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (CgJNK, CgERK and CgP38) and nuclear translocation of the transcription factors (CgRel and CgAP-1) in haemocytes were induced after the oysters received an injection of recombinant CgIL17-5 for 2 h. The mRNA expression levels of CgIL-17s, CgTNF-1, Cgdefh1 and Cgdefh2 increased significantly in haemocytes. At the same time, obvious branchial swelling and cilium shedding in gills were observed at 24 h after the oysters received an injection of rCgIL17-5. All the results collectively suggested that CgIL17-5 promoted the activation of CgMAPKs and the nuclear translocation of CgRel and CgAP-1 to promote the mRNA expressions of cytokines and antibacterial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinyuan Leng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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