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Aristizábal LF, Johnson MA, Mariño YA, Bayman P, Wright MG. Establishing an Integrated Pest Management Program for Coffee Berry Borer ( Hypothenemus hampei) in Hawaii and Puerto Rico Coffee Agroecosystems: Achievements and Challenges. INSECTS 2023; 14:603. [PMID: 37504609 PMCID: PMC10380356 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the most serious insect pest of coffee worldwide, causing significant reductions in yield and quality. Following the introduction of CBB to Puerto Rico (2007) and Hawaii (2010), researchers, extension agents, industry representatives, and coffee growers have worked together to develop an integrated pest management (IPM) program that is both effective and economically feasible for each island. Since the introduction of the IPM program in Hawaii, research efforts have led to a better understanding of CBB population dynamics, as well as optimized monitoring, cultural practices, and commercial Beauveria bassiana applications. As a result of these efforts, a substantial reduction in average CBB infestation and an increase in coffee yields and quality have been documented in Hawaii over the last decade. However, significant challenges remain in addressing high production and labor costs, limited availability of labor, and a lack of training for field workers in both regions. Although considerable effort has gone into research to support CBB IPM in Hawaii and Puerto Rico, the adoption of these strategies by coffee farmers needs to be increased. More diversified methods of outreach and education are needed to reach growers in rural, isolated areas. Significant gaps exist in the ability and willingness of growers and workers to access and digest information online, emphasizing the importance of on-farm workshops and farmer-to-farmer teaching. Additional methods of training are needed to help coffee farmers and field workers learn how to properly conduct cultural controls and optimize the use of biological control agents such as B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Aristizábal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Melissa A Johnson
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Yobana A Mariño
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Paul Bayman
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Mark G Wright
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Clifton EH, Castrillo LA, Jaronski ST, Hajek AE. Cryptic diversity and virulence of Beauveria bassiana recovered from Lycorma delicatula (spotted lanternfly) in eastern Pennsylvania. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1127682. [PMID: 38469466 PMCID: PMC10926454 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1127682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is cosmopolitan and known to infect a variety of sap-sucking pests like aphids, mealybugs, and scales in the order of Hemiptera. In Fall 2017, spotted lanternfly (SLF) adults killed by the fungal entomopathogen B. bassiana were found in Berks County, Pennsylvania. In 2018-2020 we collected SLF and nearby non-target insects killed by Beauveria spp. from 18 field sites in southeastern Pennsylvania. We identified 159 Beauveria isolates from SLF and six isolates from non-targets. Five isolates of B. bassiana and one isolate of B. brongniartii were identified from the non-targets. Based on sequence data from the nuclear B locus (Bloc) intergenic region, all the isolates from SLF were identified as B. bassiana, but there were 20 different strains within this species, grouped into two clades. Three B. bassiana strains (A, B, and L) were found in most field sites and were the most prevalent. Representative isolates for these three strains were used in laboratory bioassays and were compared to a commercial B. bassiana strain (GHA). Strain B was inferior to A, L, and GHA against nymphs; strains A and L had greater efficacy than B and GHA against adults. We also quantified conidial production on SLF cadavers. This paper discusses the diversity of these B. bassiana strains in SLF populations and implications for biological control of this abundant invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Clifton
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Louela A. Castrillo
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Ann E. Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Holmquist AJ, Adams SA, Gillespie RG. Invasion by an ecosystem engineer changes biotic interactions between native and non-native taxa. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9820. [PMID: 36844666 PMCID: PMC9943940 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Earth systems are nearing a global tipping point, beyond which the dynamics of biological communities will become unstable. One major driver of instability is species invasion, especially by organisms that act as "ecosystem engineers" through their modification of abiotic and biotic factors. To understand how native organisms respond to modified habitat, it is essential to examine biological communities within invaded and non-invaded habitat, identifying compositional shifts in native and non-native taxa as well as measuring how modification by ecosystem engineers has affected interactions among community members. Using dietary metabarcoding, our study examines the response of a native Hawaiian generalist predator (Araneae: Pagiopalus spp.) to habitat modification by comparing biotic interactions across metapopulations of spiders collected in native forest and sites invaded by kāhili ginger. Our study shows that, although there are shared components of the dietary community, spiders in invaded habitat are eating a less consistent and more diverse diet consisting of more non-native arthropods which are rarely or entirely undetected in spiders collected from native forest. Additionally, the frequency of novel interactions with parasites was significantly higher in invaded sites, reflected by the frequency and diversity of non-native Hymenoptera parasites and entomopathogenic fungi. The study highlights the role of habitat modification driven by an invasive plant in altering community structure and biotic interactions, threatening the stability of the ecosystem through significant changes to the biotic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Holmquist
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of California: BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Seira A. Adams
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of California: BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rosemary G. Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of California: BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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Wraight SP, Howes RL, Castrillo LA, Griggs MH, Galaini-Wraight S, Carruthers RI, Matsumoto TK, Keith LM. Laboratory studies assessing the microbial biocontrol potential of diverse strains of Beauveria bassiana isolated from coffee berry borer, with emphasis on strains from Hawai'i Island and comparisons to commercial strain GHA. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107819. [PMID: 35987389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of experiments investigated genetically diverse strains of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) isolated from coffee berry borer (CBB). Objectives included assessment of their biocontrol potential, particularly in comparison to Bb commercial strain GHA currently applied for CBB control, and identification of various attributes potentially contributing to their comparatively greater epizootic potential in CBB populations. Bioassays identified one strain from Hawai'i Island and one from Puerto Rico with virulence greater than GHA based on equal weights of unformulated conidial powder (CP); however, the greater potency of the CPs was ultimately explained by their 2.4-fold greater conidial densities (ca. 3.1 vs 1.3 × 1011 viable conidia/g CP). Density was explained, in large part, by conidial size, but not by size alone. Bb-inoculated CBB held on moist filter paper were more susceptible to infection than those held on cooked green coffee bean (CGCB). A Bb strain representative of the most common Hawaiian haplotype produced 2.6x more conidia after death of CGCB-held beetles than GHA (19.1 vs 7.3 x106 conidia/cadaver). Following host death, no difference was observed in time to emergence and initial conidial production by GHA and a selected group of Hawaiian strains; however, mass sporulation was initiated within 2 days by strain GHA compared to 4-5 days by the Hawaiian strains. In a preliminary evaluation of conidial mass-production potential, CP yields of several strains were comparable to GHA on a weight basis and significantly greater than GHA on a conidial basis (1.3-1.6 vs 0.7 × 1013 viable conidia/kg barley substrate).
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Wraight
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - R L Howes
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - L A Castrillo
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M H Griggs
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - S Galaini-Wraight
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - R I Carruthers
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - T K Matsumoto
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - L M Keith
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Castro-Vásquez RM, Molina-Bravo R, Hernández-Villalobos S, Vargas-Martínez A, González-Herrera A, Montero-Astúa M. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of a collection of Beauveria spp. Isolates from Central America and Puerto Rico. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107642. [PMID: 34216626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Beauveria comprises economically important entomopathogenic fungi, widely used for biological control in agriculture. Interest in these organisms in Costa Rica prompted surveys and establishment of collections in the past two decades. However, there was neither a formal identification nor a characterization of the isolates. With that purpose, the morphology and genetic variation by microsatellites and partial sequencing of Bloc, TEF-1α and RPB2 regions were studied for 32 isolates of Beauveria, which included 26 from Costa Rica, five from Puerto Rico and one from Honduras. The isolates were identified as B. bassiana (29) and B. caledonica (3). Ninety-three percent of B. bassiana isolates belonged to a monophyletic group of African and Neotropical isolates. A total of 105 alleles were recorded with 11 SSR markers, and the results suggested high diversity within the collection. Mantel tests showed low association between geographic origin and the variation among isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Castro-Vásquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Ramón Molina-Bravo
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Mauricio Montero-Astúa
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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