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Hristova-Atanasova E, Iskrov G, Atanasov I, Genc A, Stefanov R. What is the awareness of rare diseases among medical students? A survey in Bulgaria. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:213. [PMID: 37491304 PMCID: PMC10369688 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare diseases (RDs) are life-threatening or chronically debilitating and offer a high level of complexity. The aim of this study is to assess medical students' knowledge and awareness of RDs as well as their perceptions of potential measures to boost training in RDs. The cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, in 2019. The questionnaire contained 12 questions, divided into three main categories: (1) sociodemographic profile; (2) knowledge and awareness of RDs; and (3) attitudes about potential measures to improve training in RDs. RESULTS A total of 1189 medical students completed the survey with an overall response rate of 56.4%. Only 13% of participants knew the correct definition of RDs, and a low overall level of awareness was found with regard to orphan drugs (20.3%) and genetic counselling and testing (0.5%). Respondents believed that society as a whole was largely unaware of RDs as a major public health issue. Students suggested elective courses, and invited lectures by RDs experts, and participation in research projects as the most preferred measures to improve undergraduate training. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to address the gaps in medical students' knowledge and awareness of RDs. University curricula should consider incorporating different RDs training modalities. It is essential to encourage various stakeholders to play a more proactive role and to collaborate in these activities. Involvement of patient organisations and advocacy groups might enhance students' knowledge of the challenges faced by people with RDs. Not least, the media should be partners in this important endeavour as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Hristova-Atanasova
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Iskrov
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute for Rare Diseases, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Atanasov
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmed University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Atilla Genc
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Stefanov
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute for Rare Diseases, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Tawfik SM, Elhosseiny AA, Galal AA, William MB, Qansuwa E, Elbaz RM, Salama M. Health inequity in genomic personalized medicine in underrepresented populations: a look at the current evidence. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:54. [PMID: 36719510 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in sequencing technology coupled with dramatic declines in the cost of genome sequencing have led to a proportional growth in the size and number of genetic datasets since the release of the human genetic sequence by The Human Genome Project (HGP) international consortium. The HGP was undeniably a significant scientific success, a turning point in human genetics and the beginning of human genomics. This burst of genetic information has led to a greater understanding of disease pathology and the potential of employing this data to deliver more precise patient care. Hence, the recognition of high-penetrance disease-causing mutations which encode drivers of disease has made the management of most diseases more specific. Nonetheless, while genetic scores are becoming more extensively used, their application in the real world is expected to be limited due to the lack of diversity in the data used to construct them. Underrepresented populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, and those living in rural areas, often experience greater health disparities and worse health outcomes compared to the general population. These disparities are often the result of systemic barriers, such as poverty, discrimination, and limited access to healthcare. Addressing health inequity in underrepresented populations requires addressing the underlying social determinants of health and implementing policies and programs which promoted health equity and reduce disparities. This can include expanding access to affordable healthcare, addressing poverty and unemployment, and promoting policies that combat discrimination and racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherouk M Tawfik
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aliaa A Elhosseiny
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aya A Galal
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Systems Genomics Laboratory, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martina B William
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa Qansuwa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Rana M Elbaz
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .,Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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AlOtaiby S, Alqahtani A, Saleh R, Mazyad A, Albohigan A, Kutbi E. Comprehension of premarital screening and genetic disorders among the population of Riyadh. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:822-830. [PMID: 36852234 PMCID: PMC9957817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Premarital, unfortunately, does not cover all possible genetic diseases, such as deafness and congenital heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, nor does it cover unknown genetic mutations that may cause severe defects in subsequent generations. However, the Saudi population has limited knowledge regarding premarital screening tests, which do not detect all genetic disorders or diseases. Hence, we aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes among the population of Riyadh toward premarital screening. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a self-administered designed questionnaire. The survey included questions regarding sociodemographic data, genetics, genetic testing, and premarital screening. All data were entered and analyzed in the statistical package SPSS version 22. Results A total of 385 participants responded to the questionnaire, and good knowledge among most participants was significantly associated with education level (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), and prior screening (p = 0.001). The overall attitude was positive toward premarital screening, and significant associations of sex and social/marital status with a positive response to premarital screening were observed. Conclusion Knowledge and attitudes among the population of Riyadh toward premarital screening must be improved through national awareness programs. In light of our results, a need exists to provide more information and education regarding screening. Further studies must be conducted in urban areas to investigate the level of satisfaction with existing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad AlOtaiby
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA,Corresponding address: Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box. 59046, Riyadh 11525, KSA.
| | - Abdulhadi Alqahtani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Ruba Saleh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Abeer Mazyad
- College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Abdulrazaq Albohigan
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Emad Kutbi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA
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Almasmoum HA, Tabassum A, Iqbal MS, Abo-Alshamat R, Aqeeli W. Knowledge and Attitude toward Hemoglobinopathies in Premarital Screening Program among the General Population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Hemoglobin 2022; 46:277-284. [PMID: 36369918 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2022.2142607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The National Premarital Screening Program, which includes sickle cell disease and thalassemia, was made mandatory in 2004 by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and the earlier studies have shown a poor knowledge and negative attitude toward this program in the different study groups. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward premarital screening (PMS) in a randomly selected national sample of the Saudi population, 18 years and above. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Saudi population in the western region between July and December 2021. Valid and reliable questionnaire and data were collected from 893 participants aged ≥18 years. The χ2 test was used to ascertain if there is an association between categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors predicting satisfactory knowledge. All 893 study participants had heard about PMS with 625 (70.0%), 244 (27.3%) and 24 (2.7%) having satisfactory, fair and poor knowledge, respectively. Participants aged 26-35 years (p =0 .038), females (p < 0.001), those with higher education (p = 0.003) and employed (p = 0.004), had a better knowledge compared to other groups. Most of the participants had a positive attitude toward PMS. There is a changing trend in the knowledge and attitude toward PMS with a greater number of people wanting to go for PMS. There is also an improvement in the number of participants opting out of marriage in case of incompatibility with their future partner. However, the health education programs need to be improved regarding the hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah A Almasmoum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Tabassum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Refal Abo-Alshamat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Aqeeli
- Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abd El-Kader RG, Saleh LM. University Students Attitude Towards the National Premarital Screening Program of UAE. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 6:em0109. [DOI: 10.21601/ejeph/12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Knowledge and Perception of and Attitude toward a Premarital Screening Program in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074418. [PMID: 35410099 PMCID: PMC8998822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Premarital screening (PMS) is a primary preventive measure to decrease the incidence of certain genetic disorders and sexually transmitted diseases. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and perception of and the attitude toward PMS and predictors of knowledge and attitude. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Qatar University students using an online survey. Multivariable regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with PMS knowledge and attitude. A total of 476 students participated in the study; 424 (89.1%) were females; two-thirds were 18–21 years old. Only 100 participants had heard about PMS. Knowledge of PMS was significantly associated with females, students enrolled in a health-related college, and non-consanguineous marriage of a participant’s parents. The majority of the participants agreed that genetic diseases are psychological and economic burdens. For attitude, only 178 participants were willing to cancel marriages, given incompatible PMS results. The following factors were positively associated with attitude: PMS knowledge, enrollment in a health-related college, and the belief that PMS does not interfere with destiny. Our study findings revealed that despite the mandatory PMS in Qatar, the study participants, future couples, had low knowledge about the program. Therefore, strategies to increase awareness of PMS should be considered toward improving its outcomes.
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Almoliky MA, Abdulrhman H, Safe SH, Galal M, Abdu H, Towfiq B, Abdullah S, Waleed M, Sultan MA. Knowledge and attitude of Engaged and Recently Married Couples Toward Premarital Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221097424. [PMID: 35491947 PMCID: PMC9067039 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221097424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Despite that inherited (thalassemia and SCA) and infectious (hepatitis B, hepatitis C and AIDs) diseases and their risk factor consanguineous marriage are widespread among Yemen population, community-based awareness studies towards premarital screening (PMS) is extremely limited, so our study is designed to elicit knowledge and attitude of engaged and recently married couples in Taiz (Yemen) toward PMS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2021 at Taiz. A well-structured questionnaire was designed and then delivered to participants to collect data. Results: The results revealed that majority of respondents (83.60%-94.18%) had knowledge about inherited and infectious diseases, respectively, and educational institution was the main knowledge source. Females had significantly higher knowledge than males (P ≤ .01), except about AIDs since no difference (P = .539). The results also revealed that majority of respondents had positive attitudes toward PMS, except toward AIDs testing since 70% of males and 68.91% of females had negative attitudes. The majority of respondents agreed that screening reduces the diseases incidence. Approximately half of respondents (50.79%-56.61%) tend to go ahead for marriage in case of positive results for inherited and infectious diseases respectively. Making PMS as an obligatory step prior engagement was agreed by 47.62% of respondents (45.71% of males, 48.74% of females). Conclusion: A high level of knowledge and positive attitudes toward inherited and infectious diseases and PMS were reported. This knowledge reflected on the agreement of majority of respondents regarding PMS importance in term of reduction of diseases incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar abdo Almoliky
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Heba Abdulrhman
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Showqi Hasan Safe
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Malak Galal
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Heba Abdu
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Basma Towfiq
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Shatha Abdullah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Mohammed Waleed
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Mujeeb A. Sultan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
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Rouh AlDeen N, Osman AA, Alhabashi MJ, Al Khaldi R, Alawadi H, Alromh MK, Alyafai EG, Akbulut-Jeradi N. The Prevalence of β-Thalassemia and Other Hemoglobinopathies in Kuwaiti Premarital Screening Program: An 11-Year Experience. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100980. [PMID: 34683121 PMCID: PMC8538810 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of β-thalassemia and Sickle cell disorders in the adult population screened (n = 275,819) as part of the Kuwaiti National Premarital Screening Program. All the individuals who applied for a marriage license during the years 2009 and 2020 were covered by the program. A network of four reception centers in the Ministry of Health facilities and one Premarital Diagnostic Laboratory (PDL) in Maternity Hospital were involved in performing all investigations for hemoglobinopathies. The total number of individuals identified with β-thal trait was 5861 (2.12%), while 22 individuals (0.008%) were diagnosed with β-thal disease. A total of 5003 subjects (1.81%) were carrying the Sickle cell trait, while 172 subjects (0.062%) had Sickle cell disease including Sickle cell anemia (SCA). Results showed that the program succeeded indeed in preventing the marriage of 50.4% of risky couples by issuing unsafe marriage certificates. Yet more efforts are needed to improve the program’s main objective of decreasing high-risk marriages. In particular, health care systems should be ameliorated in a way to intensify the counselling mechanism for the high-risk couples, strengthen the awareness of the general population and induce earlier age screening policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Rouh AlDeen
- Hematology Department, Maternity Hospital, P.O. Box 4078, Sabah 13001, Kuwait; (N.R.A.); (A.A.O.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Asmaa A Osman
- Hematology Department, Maternity Hospital, P.O. Box 4078, Sabah 13001, Kuwait; (N.R.A.); (A.A.O.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Monira J Alhabashi
- Hematology Department, Maternity Hospital, P.O. Box 4078, Sabah 13001, Kuwait; (N.R.A.); (A.A.O.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Rasha Al Khaldi
- ATC Learn Center, Advanced Technology Company, P.O. Box 44558, Hawalli 32060, Kuwait;
| | - Hassan Alawadi
- Social Health Administration, Kuwait Premarital Center, P.O. Box 4078, Sabah 13001, Kuwait; (H.A.); (M.K.A.); (E.G.A.)
| | - Maha K Alromh
- Social Health Administration, Kuwait Premarital Center, P.O. Box 4078, Sabah 13001, Kuwait; (H.A.); (M.K.A.); (E.G.A.)
| | - Eiman G Alyafai
- Social Health Administration, Kuwait Premarital Center, P.O. Box 4078, Sabah 13001, Kuwait; (H.A.); (M.K.A.); (E.G.A.)
| | - Nagihan Akbulut-Jeradi
- ATC Learn Center, Advanced Technology Company, P.O. Box 44558, Hawalli 32060, Kuwait;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +965-22247251
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Natarajan J, Joseph MA. Premarital screening for genetic blood disorders — an integrated review on the knowledge and attitudes of Middle Eastern university students. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-021-00065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Genetic blood disorders are prevalent in the Middle Eastern countries causing physical, mental, and economic handicap. Premarital screening (PMS) is actively implemented to reduce the burgeoning load of these disorders. Literature shows a low response rate for PMS in this region. This integrated review aims to identify the knowledge and attitude of university students on PMS, as they are at the verge of entering into marriage relationships.
Main body of the abstract
We systematically reviewed the electronic databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. Studies reporting about the knowledge and attitudes of Middle Eastern university students between 2010 and 2020 are included in the review. Twelve cross-sectional descriptive studies conducted in six countries met the inclusion criteria. Majority of the studies reported good level of knowledge on PMS among the university students, whereas not all of them agreed to undergo PMS due to various religious and cultural beliefs.
Short conclusion
We recommend massive health education programs at the higher secondary and university levels to create better awareness on PMS. To improve the attitude towards PMS, life cycle approach and support of the religious leaders could be sought.
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Al-Shroby WA, Sulimani SM, Alhurishi SA, Bin Dayel ME, Alsanie NA, Alhraiwil NJ. Awareness of Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling among Saudis and its Association with Sociodemographic Factors: a National Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:389-399. [PMID: 33628031 PMCID: PMC7898212 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s296221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premarital screening and genetic counseling (PMSGC) is compulsory in Saudi Arabia and aims to identify and decrease the prevalence of some genetic and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. However, there are little data on community awareness about PMSGC. This study assessed knowledge levels, attitudes, and behaviors associated with PMSGC in the general Saudi Arabian population and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 6263 participants randomly selected from all 20 health regions in Saudi Arabia, stratified according to age and fulfilling predefined selection criteria. Trained data collectors used a comprehensive pretested questionnaire to collect data. Data were collected in March and April 2019. Univariable and multivariable associations between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge levels, attitudes, and behaviors were examined. Results While all 6263 study participants had heard about PMSGC, only 575 (9.2%) participants had satisfactory knowledge, while 3283 (52.4%) participants had fair knowledge. Predictors of high knowledge scores were university or higher education level (aOR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.80–2.36), positive medical history of PMSGC-screened disease (aOR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.51–2.69), family income ≥3000 SR/month (aOR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.50–1.93), being married/previously married (aOR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.25–1.70), female gender (aOR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.12–1.40), and age >18 years (aOR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.06–1.48). The majority of participants (5246, 83.8%) had positive attitudes towards the importance of PMSGC, the burden of screened genetic and infectious diseases on the family, and that marrying was inadvisable with incompatible results. Of the 3986 engaged or married participants, 2911 (73.0%) had undertaken premarital screening, of whom 360 (12.4%) had incompatible results; 98 (37.1%) married despite this information. Conclusion Despite advances in public healthcare measures in Saudi Arabia, gaps remain in the knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors associated with PMSGC. Culturally specific community health education programs for PMSGC must be devised that emphasize the risks associated with consanguineous marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Al-Shroby
- Evaluation & Impact Measurement Unit, Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Suha M Sulimani
- Healthy Marriage Program, Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultana A Alhurishi
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram E Bin Dayel
- Evaluation & Impact Measurement Unit, Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A Alsanie
- Healthy Marriage Program, Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla J Alhraiwil
- Evaluation & Impact Measurement Unit, Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Altaany Z, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Alkaraki AK, Al-Taani G. The Perception of Premarital Genetic Screening within Young Jordanian Individuals. Public Health Genomics 2021; 24:182-188. [PMID: 34192692 PMCID: PMC9984666 DOI: 10.1159/000517162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the past two decades, the attention of public health has been drawn to premarital genetic screening (PGS) programs to reduce birth defects and avoid genetic disorders. In Jordan, the high rate of genetic hemoglobinopathies compelled the government to implement an obligatory PGS program before marriage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, opinion, and practice of young Jordanians concerning PGS. METHODS Using a pretested questionnaire, this cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample from Jordan. The measures included respondents' demographics, and beliefs/opinions regarding PGS. RESULTS A total of 432 participants completed the survey. The majority (87.8%) had a positive attitude toward PGS program. Reasons behind this positive attitude were preventing transmission of genetic diseases, reducing family breakdown/psychosocial problems, and financial burdens of having a child with genetic disease. In fact, 49.8% of participants were willing to change their marriage decision in case of receiving incompatible results. Moreover, most of the participants (75.1%) demanded the implementation of a law that prohibits incompatible marriages. A positive attitude toward PGS was found to be associated with female gender and having a university education. CONCLUSIONS Young Jordanians have a positive attitude toward the implementation of PGS. Yet, educational programs should be drawn up to the target population before getting married emphasizing the important role of PGS in the wellness of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Altaany
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Almuthanna K. Alkaraki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghaith Al-Taani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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Aga S, Alghamdi Y, Alghamdi A, Khan M. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude of medical students concerning genetics and premarital screening. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_47_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Al-Qahtani FS, Alfahad MI, Alshahrani AMM, Almalih HS, Al-Malki ASQ, Alshehri TK, Alqhtani AAN, Al-Qahtani AM, Alfaifi SH, Alasmari RFA, Bharti RK, Chaudhary S. Perception of premarital counseling among King Khalid University students. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2607-2611. [PMID: 31548941 PMCID: PMC6753798 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_364_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic blood disorders are common in Arab countries which are related to many physical and mental disorders. Premarital counseling has been one of the strongest ways to prevent hereditary diseases. It can provide a capability to intervene according to identified risks, vaccinations, genetic consulting, nutrition, consulting regarding behavior and advice regarding contraception. This study aimed to assess university students' knowledge, attitude and practice of pre-marital counseling (PMC) in king Khalid University. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid University in Abha city from May to August 2018. The students were selected using two stage stratified cluster sampling technique (medical and non-medical). A total sample of 541 students were included. A structured questionnaire with close-ended questions was designed by the authors following an extensive review of the literature on knowledge, practice, and attitude of premarital screening program. The questionnaire was developed in English and then translated to Arabic by experts at the College of Medicine. Results A total sample of 541students were involved with ages ranged from 18 years to 27 years old and 56.6% at medical colleges. Exact 73.4% of the students were aware of PMC and 95.2% reported its importance. 96.5% of the students reported their welling to do PMC on marriage and 72.1% see that it should be mandatory. Conclusions Nearly three out of each four students had good awareness level regarding PMC. Most of the students have a positive attitude towards PMS and their readiness to adopt the counseling before marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Saeed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Turki K Alshehri
- Department of College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sami Hassan Alfaifi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rishi K Bharti
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shweta Chaudhary
- Department of Anatomy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of Health Education Programme on the Knowledge of and Attitude about Sickle Cell Anaemia among Male Secondary School Students in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: Health Policy Implications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9653092. [PMID: 31428653 PMCID: PMC6683794 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9653092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop an instructional programme on sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and test the effect of the programme on the secondary school students' knowledge of and attitude towards sickle cell anaemia in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. A pretest/posttest one-arm interventional study was conducted at the Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, with a convenience sample of 120 male students. The intervention consisted of two interactive sessions about sickle cell anaemia and premarital screening. The mean student knowledge score was 6.04 ± 3.02 on the pretest, which improved to 10.73 ± 3.47 on the posttest, with a statistically significant difference (t = 15.2, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the responses pertaining to attitude before and after the health education intervention. The policy implications of these findings are discussed to improve the performance of the Saudi healthcare system in dealing with this costly inherited disease.
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15
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Diagnosis of thalassemia using fluorescence spectroscopy, auto-analyzer, and hemoglobin electrophoresis — A prospective study. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:585-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Alharbi IM, Aljarallah BM. Premarital hepatitis screening. Attitude towards screening and the risk factors for transmission. Saudi Med J 2019; 39:1179-1185. [PMID: 30520498 PMCID: PMC6344650 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.12.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore all research articles investigating hepatitis premarital screening programs (PSPs) worldwide, considering all different outcomes of such programs, including efficacy, possible limitations to screening, and participants' knowledge and satisfaction regarding the program. Methods: The present systematic review used the databases of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Google Scholar to search for articles related to both PSPs and the hepatitis viruses. Research articles were identified between October and December 2017, and articles were selected and extracted based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria from the year 1957 up to 2017. The review included all full-length original articles related to premarital hepatitis screening in both indexed and non-indexed journals, but reviews, mini-reviews, and letters were excluded. Ultimately, 4 research papers were included. While conducting the search, the project was registered on PROSPERO database. Results: In all these papers, the participants' attitude toward premarital screening was good, but their level of knowledge about the program and the diseases being screened was low. Pre- and post-test counseling were provided to only a limited number of participants in each of the studies. This emphasizes the need for effective counseling sessions, which may help in decreasing the hepatitis burden in Saudi Arabia and worldwide. Conclusions: The role of the practicing physician in any screening program is to provide effective pre and post-test counseling and correct any misinformation about the transmission of the hepatitis viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtehaj M. Alharbi
- From the College of Medicine (Alharbi), Qassim University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Aljarallah), Qassim University Medical City, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Badr M. Aljarallah, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qassim University Medical City, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-9925
| | - Badr M. Aljarallah
- From the College of Medicine (Alharbi), Qassim University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Aljarallah), Qassim University Medical City, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Eissa M, Patel AA, Farag S, Babiker NH, Al-Shahrani MS, Al-Nahari AM, Al Sahmaa AM, Al-Shraim M. Awareness and Attitude of University Students About Screening and Testing for Hemoglobinopathies: Case Study of the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Hemoglobin 2019; 42:264-268. [PMID: 30821195 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2018.1541802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies can disturb a patient's life style leading to community problems. Premarital screening is an important tool to control and minimize hemoglobinopathies. This study aimed to assess and improve the awareness and attitude of King Khalid University (KKU) [Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)] students in the Aseer Region, regarding hemoglobinopathies and the National Premarital Screening Programme (NPMS) in addition to screening for hemoglobin (Hb) variants of students who agreed to participate. This study was an interventional educational prospective study of electronic-lectures (e-lectures) that addressed some important issues of hemoglobinopathies and premarital screening. Six hundred and eleven students were interviewed during the academic year 2017/2018, using closed-ended questionnaires that distributed before and after intervention. Blood samples were taken from 114 students who agreed to check their Hb type by the D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System. The results revealed significant changes in knowledge and attitude of students toward hemoglobinopathies and premarital counseling after intervention. These results reflected the need for easily accessible and continuous health education programs for students to increase their awareness and attitude toward hemoglobinopathies. Laboratory results for 114 students revealed seven cases with microcytic hypochromic anemia (6.1%); they were all females. Blood screening for Hb variants revealed another two females (1.75%) with sickle cell trait (Hb AS). Electronic-health (E-health) is an efficient tool for improving the awareness and attitude of the community toward hemoglobinopathies. Screening blood tests for detection of hemoglobinopathies should be provided to young adults at an earlier stage (before marriage) to decrease the incidence of hereditary diseases in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eissa
- a Pathology Department, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Ayyub A Patel
- c Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehata Farag
- d High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt.,e Community and Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Kindom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa H Babiker
- f Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak S Al-Shahrani
- f Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Albatool M Al-Nahari
- f Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Al Sahmaa
- g Laboratory and Blood Bank Department , Aseer Central Hospital , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- b Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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Milaat WA, Ibrahim NK, Albar HM. Reproductive health profile and circumcision of females in the Hali semi-urban region, Saudi Arabia: A community-based cross-sectional survey. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:81-89. [PMID: 29620540 PMCID: PMC6074365 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2018.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the reproductive health of females has be.come the focus of the developmental efforts of many nations. OBJECTIVES To identify the reproductive health style of married females, and to determine the prevalence and predictors of circumcision among girls aged less than or equal 18 years in Hali semi-urban region. DESIGN A cross-sectional household survey SETTING: Houses in Hali, Al-Qunfudhah governorate, western Saudi Arabia during 2017. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A multistage systematic cluster random sampling method was used to select participants. A validated questionnaire was used in interviewing the head of the selected houses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reproductive health profile of women, and circumcision of girls. SAMPLE SIZE 365 households. RESULTS Reproductive life starts early in the Hali region as 41.4% of women are married at or before 18 years of age. Consanguinity was recorded in 57.0% of houses. The prevalence of grand multiparity (GMP) was 54.7%; it was significantly associated with current maternal age, age at marriage, low educational levels of both parents and husbands with non-professional jobs. Current use of birth control methods was reported by 28.9% of families, and oral contraceptives (OCs) were the commonest method. Contraceptive use was significantly associated with higher educational levels of both parents and with women having professional work. The prevalence of circumcision was 80.3%. Circumcision was most frequent (59.4%) at age 7 years or less, and almost always done by doctors (91.4%). Hemorrhage (2.9%) and fever (2.3%) were the minimal recorded complications. Girls with higher parental education, enough income, no parental consanguinity, and whose mothers married at an older age had slightly lower rates of circumcision, but the difference was without statistical significance. CONCLUSION The pattern of early female marriage, high consanguinity, GMP, low contraceptive use, and a high frequency of circumcision in girls was apparent in Hali. Public health education and legislative policies are needed. LIMITATIONS Recall bias may affect the reported frequency of circumcision, and related complications. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahla Khamis Ibrahim
- Nahla Khamis Ibrahim, Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine,, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia, M: +966501632237, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834.6862
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Abu-Elmagd M, Assidi M, Schulten HJ, Dallol A, Pushparaj PN, Ahmed F, Scherer SW, Al-Qahtani M. Individualized medicine enabled by genomics in Saudi Arabia. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 1:S3. [PMID: 25951871 PMCID: PMC4315314 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s1-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical research sector in Saudi Arabia has recently received special attention from the government, which is currently supporting research aimed at improving the understanding and treatment of common diseases afflicting Saudi Arabian society. To build capacity for research and training, a number of centres of excellence were established in different areas of the country. Among these, is the Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, with its internationally ranked and highly productive team performing translational research in the area of individualized medicine. Here, we present a panorama of the recent trends in different areas of biomedical research in Saudi Arabia drawing from our vision of where genomics will have maximal impact in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We describe advances in a number of research areas including; congenital malformations, infertility, consanguinity and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, cancer and genomic classifications in Saudi Arabia, epigenetic explanations of idiopathic disease, and pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. We conclude that CEGMR will continue to play a pivotal role in advances in the field of genomics and research in this area is facing a number of challenges including generating high quality control data from Saudi population and policies for using these data need to comply with the international set up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
- KACST Technology Innovation Centre in Personalized Medicine at King Abdulaziz University (CIPM), P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, P.O. Box 61519, Egypt
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
- KACST Technology Innovation Centre in Personalized Medicine at King Abdulaziz University (CIPM), P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
- KACST Technology Innovation Centre in Personalized Medicine at King Abdulaziz University (CIPM), P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216 Jeddah 21589, KSA
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Wang P, Wang X, Fang M, Vander Weele TJ. Factors influencing the decision to participate in medical premarital examinations in Hubei Province, Mid-China. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:217. [PMID: 23497086 PMCID: PMC3606626 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the attitudes of premarital couples towards the premarital screening program after the abolition of compulsory screening in China and to study the factors influencing participation. Methods Between July 1st 2010 to August 31st 2010, 650 people who registered for marriage at the civil affairs bureau of Wuhan, Suizhou, Zaoyang in Hubei province were studied using questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors influencing participation in the premarital screening program. Results The premarital screening rate was 34.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 31.0% to 38.5%). Several demographic factors (age, residence, profession), awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards premarital screening all had significant influence on participation in the premarital screening program. Conclusions Promotion activities and health education to improve knowledge and attitudes to premarital screening will help increase the rate of voluntary premarital screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigang Wang
- School of public health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Ibrahim NK, Bashawri J, Al Bar H, Al Ahmadi J, Al Bar A, Qadi M, Milaat W, Feda H. Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling program: knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of attendees of governmental outpatient clinics in Jeddah. J Infect Public Health 2012; 6:41-54. [PMID: 23290092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Premarital care (PMC) is a worldwide activity that aims to diagnose and treat unrecognized disorders and reduce the transmission of diseases to couples and children. OBJECTIVES To assess the knowledge and attitude of individuals attending governmental outpatient clinics regarding the Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling (PMSGC) programs, to identify predictors of high knowledge scores and to determine the satisfaction and recommendations of clients of the program. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2009. Individuals who attended three governmental hospital outpatient clinics on the day of the interview and agreed to participate in the study were recruited. The three hospitals were the two hospitals in Jeddah that offer the PMSGC programs and the King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Ethical considerations were followed and data were collected through an interview questionnaire that had been constructed for the study. The questionnaire asked for personal and socio-demographic data and for responses, on a 5-point Likert scale, to 30 knowledge items and 14 attitude statements. Individuals who participated in the PMSGC program were asked questions regarding the services and activities of the program to ascertain their satisfaction with the program and their recommendations for program improvement. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS The sample included 655 participants, of whom 38.8% completed the PMSGC program. The participants' knowledge about the program was generally low. Education was the first predictor of a high knowledge score; individuals having ≥ university degree obtained a higher score (aOR=2.73; 95% CI: 1.77-4.20). The second predictor was the nationality of the participants, with Saudis gaining a higher score (aOR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.002-4.16). The third predictor was monthly income. Regarding attitudes, the vast majority of participants (96.0%) strongly agreed on the importance of the program. Concerning the satisfaction levels of those who benefited from the program, 80.0% gave an excellent or very good score for program confidentiality, whereas lower scores were given for counseling. Counseling before the tests was conducted for only 11.7% of the study participants. The majority of participants recommended adding testing for other genetic diseases and STDs as well as additional topics for counseling. CONCLUSION Knowledge in the general population about the PMSGC program was low. Implementation of school and university educational campaigns is important. Improved counseling and adding new topics for counseling on genetic, chronic, and psychiatric problems; building healthy families; reproduction and fertility are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Khamis Ibrahim
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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