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Xuan G, Qiu D, Wang Y, Wang J, Lin H. Bacteriophage-encoded protein utilization in bacterial ghost production: a mini-review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:284. [PMID: 39073496 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are described as bacterial cell envelopes that retain their structure but lack cytoplasmic contents. The study of BGs spans multiple disciplinary domains, and the development of BG production techniques to obtain ample and stable BG samples holds significant implications for probing the biological characteristics of BGs, devising novel disease treatment strategies, and leveraging their industrial applications. Numerous products encoded within bacteriophage (phage) genomes possess the capability to lyse bacteria, thereby inducing BG formation primarily via disruption of bacterial cell wall integrity. This review comprehensively surveys the utilization of phage-encoded proteins in BG production techniques, encompassing methodologies such as phage E protein-mediated lysis, perforin protein-induced lysis, and strategies combining E protein with holin-endolysin systems. Additionally, discussions and summaries are provided on the current applications, challenges, and modification strategies associated with different techniques. Through a focused exploration of BG production techniques, with an emphasis on precise manipulation of BG formation using phage-encoded protein technologies, this study aims to furnish robust tools and methodologies for delving into the mechanisms underlying BG formation, as well as for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and applications based on BGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266400, China.
| | - Dongdong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266400, China
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Shuwen H, Yifei S, Xinyue W, Zhanbo Q, Xiang Y, Xi Y. Advances in bacteria-based drug delivery systems for anti-tumor therapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1518. [PMID: 38939727 PMCID: PMC11208082 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bacteria have gained considerable attention as a promising drug carrier that is critical in improving the effectiveness and reducing the side effects of anti-tumor drugs. Drug carriers can be utilised in various forms, including magnetotactic bacteria, bacterial biohybrids, minicells, bacterial ghosts and bacterial spores. Additionally, functionalised and engineered bacteria obtained through gene engineering and surface modification could provide enhanced capabilities for drug delivery. This review summarises the current studies on bacteria-based drug delivery systems for anti-tumor therapy and discusses the prospects and challenges of bacteria as drug carriers. Furthermore, our findings aim to provide new directions and guidance for the research on bacteria-based drug systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Huzhou Central HospitalFifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of HuzhouHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Song Yifei
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Wu Xinyue
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Qu Zhanbo
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Huzhou Central HospitalFifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yu Xiang
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yang Xi
- Huzhou Central HospitalAffiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityyHuzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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Ling D, Jia X, Wang K, Yan Q, Yuan B, Du L, Li M, Jin Y. Cancer cell membrane-coated bacterial ghosts for highly efficient paclitaxel delivery against metastatic lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:365-377. [PMID: 38261850 PMCID: PMC10792973 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer, although it is limited by the low tumor delivery efficacy of anticancer drugs. Bacterial therapy is emerging for cancer treatment due to its high immune stimulation effect; however, excessively generated immunogenicity will cause serious inflammatory response syndrome. Here, we prepared cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal paclitaxel-loaded bacterial ghosts (LP@BG@CCM) by layer-by-layer encapsulation for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. The preparation processes were simple, only involving film formation, electroporation, and pore extrusion. LP@BG@CCM owned much higher 4T1 cancer cell toxicity than LP@BG due to its faster fusion with cancer cells. In the 4T1 breast cancer metastatic lung cancer mouse models, the remarkably higher lung targeting of intravenously injected LP@BG@CCM was observed with the almost normalized lung appearance, the reduced lung weight, the clear lung tissue structure, and the enhanced cancer cell apoptosis compared to its precursors. Moreover, several major immune factors were improved after administration of LP@BG@CCM, including the CD4+/CD8a+ T cells in the spleen and the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in the lung. LP@BG@CCM exhibits the optimal synergistic chemo-immunotherapy, which is a promising medication for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ling
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xueli Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiucheng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bochuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Moussa I, Mushayt Y, Algarni AA, Alrashed OA, Alghamdi KS, Almutairi NA, Anagreyyah SA, Alzahrani A, Almuzaini AM, Alzaben F, Alotaibi MA, Anjiria SA, Abu-Okail A, Abalkhail A. The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Vaccination Status among Healthcare Providers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1171. [PMID: 37514987 PMCID: PMC10384490 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern among healthcare providers worldwide regarding the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Some of the worst hospital-acquired infections, often in intensive care units (ICUs), are caused by this bacterial pathogen. In recent years, the rise in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii has been linked to the overuse of antimicrobial drugs and the lack of adequate infection control measures. Infections caused by this bacterial pathogen are the result of prolonged hospitalization and ICU stays, and they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This review outlines the epidemiology, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance associated with A. baumannii in various countries, with a special focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In response to the growing concern regarding this drug-resistant bacteria, fundamental information about its pathology has been incorporated into the development of vaccines. Although these vaccines have been successful in animal models, their effectiveness in humans remains unproven. The review will discuss the development of A. baumannii vaccines, potential related obstacles, and efforts to find an effective strategy against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman Marzouk
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Mushayt
- Department of Support Service, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Osama Ali Alrashed
- Family Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saad Alghamdi
- Family Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Ahmed Almutairi
- Family Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anwar Alzahrani
- Cardiac Center, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almuzaini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alzaben
- Department of Food Service, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Akram Abu-Okail
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
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Hu Y, Zhang X, Deng S, Yue C, Jia X, Lyu Y. Non-antibiotic prevention and treatment against Acinetobacter baumannii infection: Are vaccines and adjuvants effective strategies? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1049917. [PMID: 36760499 PMCID: PMC9905804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1049917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen widely attached to the surface of medical instruments, making it one of the most common pathogens of nosocomial infection, and often leading to cross-infection and co-infection. Due to the extensive antibiotic and pan-resistance, A. baumannii infection is facing fewer treatment options in the clinic. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of A. baumannii infection have become a tricky global problem. The requirement for research and development of the new strategy is urgent. Now, non-antibiotic treatment strategies are urgently needed. This review describes the research on A. baumannii vaccines and antibacterial adjuvants, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different candidate vaccines tested in vitro and in vivo, especially subunit protein vaccines, and shows the antibacterial efficacy of adjuvant drugs in monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'An, China,Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianqin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Changwu Yue
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'An, China,*Correspondence: Changwu Yue ✉
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,Xu Jia ✉
| | - Yuhong Lyu
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'An, China,Yuhong Lyu ✉
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Fereshteh S, Ajdary S, Sepehr A, Bolourchi N, Barzi SM, Haririzadeh Jouriani F, Riazi-Rad F, Shahcheraghi F, Badmasti F. Immunization with recombinant DcaP-like protein and AbOmpA revealed protections against sepsis infection of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 Pas in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105882. [PMID: 36403713 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The prevalence of infections associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing worldwide. Therefore, the introduction of effective vaccines against this bacterium seems necessary. METHODS AbOmpA and DcaP-like protein were selected as promising and putative immunogenic candidates based on previous in silico studies. Three formulations including AbOmpA, DcaP-like protein, and AbOmpA + DcaP-like protein were injected into C57BL/6 mice three times with Alum adjuvant. The specific production of IgG antibodies (e.g. total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2c) and cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A), were evaluated. LD50% of MDR A. baumannii ST2Pas was measured using Probit's method. After the challenge with bacteria, a decrease in bacterial loads (DLs) in the lung and spleen of mice was measured. Then serum bactericidal assay was performed to determine the function of antibodies on day 42. In addition, histopathological examinations of the spleen and lung, the number of macrophage and neutrophil, as well as the rate of lymphocyte infiltration were assessed. RESULTS The highest level of total IgG was reported in the group immunized with DcaP-like protein on day 42. The survival rate of mice was 80% in the AbOmpA immunized group and 100% for the rest of two groups. DLs in the spleen of mice immunized with AbOmpA, DcaP-like protein, and combination form were 3.5, 3, and 3.4 Log10 (CFU/g), respectively. While in the lung, the DLs were 7.5 Log10 (CFU/g) for the AbOmpA group and 5 for the rest of two groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-4, and IL-17A were significantly decreased in all immunized groups after the bacterial challenge (except for IL-17A in the group of AbOmpA). The bactericidal effect of antibodies against DcaP-like protein was more effective. No histopathological damage was observed in the combination immunized group. The DcaP-like protein was more effective in neutrophil and macrophage deployment and decreased lymphocyte infiltration. CONCLUSION The results of immunization with AbOmpA + DcaP-like protein induced a protective reaction against the sepsis infection of MDR A. baumannii. It seems that in the future, these proteins can be considered as promising components in the development of the A. baumannii vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Sepehr
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Bolourchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farhad Riazi-Rad
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Mu J, Lei L, Zheng Y, Li D, Li J, Fu Y, Wang G, Liu Y. Comparative study of subcutaneous, intramuscular, and oral administration of bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli bacterial ghost vaccine in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008131. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacterial pathogens in cattle. Prophylactic vaccines are considered promising strategies with the potential to reduce the incidence of colibacillosis. Some studies suggested that bacterial ghosts may serve as a novel approach for preventing bacterial infections. However, the roles of administration route on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy have not been investigated. In this study, the efficacy of vaccination via different immune routes in generating humoral and cellular immune response was compared through subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and oral (O) administration in female BALB/c mice with bacterial ghosts prepared using wild type Escherichia coli isolates CE9, while phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and inactivated vaccines containing aluminum adjuvants (Killed) were used as control. Our results showed that the plasmid pBV220-E-aa-SNA containing E. coli was efficiently cleaved at 42°C with 94.8% positive ratio as assessed by colony counts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed bacteria retained intact surface structure while devoid of cytoplasmic component. We found that total IgG titers in killed, IM and SC groups showed significant increase on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-immunization. The IgA level of the IM group was higher than that of all other groups on the 28th day. Meanwhile, four experimental groups showed a significant difference in IgA levels compared with PBS control. In the IM group, an increase in the relative percentages of CD3+CD4+ T cells was accompanied by an increase in the relative percentages of splenic CD3+CD8+ T cells. In comparison with the inactivated vaccine, intramuscular CE9 ghosts immunization elicited higher levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12. Subcutaneous and intramuscular immunizations were significantly associated with improved survival in comparison with oral route, traditional vaccine and the control. Pathologic assessment revealed that less severe tissue damage and inflammation were found in lung, kidney, and intestine of IM group compared with other groups. The results above demonstrate that immunization of Escherichia coli CE9 ghosts via intramuscular injection elicits a more robust antigen-specific immune response in mice to prevent the Escherichia coli infection.
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Tan YC, Lahiri C. Promising Acinetobacter baumannii Vaccine Candidates and Drug Targets in Recent Years. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900509. [PMID: 35720310 PMCID: PMC9204607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In parallel to the uncontrolled use of antibiotics, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, like Acinetobacter baumannii, has posed a severe threat. A. baumannii predominates in the nosocomial setting due to its ability to persist in hospitals and survive antibiotic treatment, thereby eventually leading to an increasing prevalence and mortality due to its infection. With the increasing spectra of drug resistance and the incessant collapse of newly discovered antibiotics, new therapeutic countermeasures have been in high demand. Hence, recent research has shown favouritism towards the long-term solution of designing vaccines. Therefore, being a realistic alternative strategy to combat this pathogen, anti-A. Baumannii vaccines research has continued unearthing various antigens with variable results over the last decade. Again, other approaches, including pan-genomics, subtractive proteomics, and reverse vaccination strategies, have shown promise for identifying promiscuous core vaccine candidates that resulted in chimeric vaccine constructs. In addition, the integration of basic knowledge of the pathobiology of this drug-resistant bacteria has also facilitated the development of effective multiantigen vaccines. As opposed to the conventional trial-and-error approach, incorporating the in silico methods in recent studies, particularly network analysis, has manifested a great promise in unearthing novel vaccine candidates from the A. baumannii proteome. Some studies have used multiple A. baumannii data sources to build the co-functional networks and analyze them by k-shell decomposition. Additionally, Whole Genomic Protein Interactome (GPIN) analysis has utilized a rational approach for identifying essential proteins and presenting them as vaccines effective enough to combat the deadly pathogenic threats posed by A. baumannii. Others have identified multiple immune nodes using network-based centrality measurements for synergistic antigen combinations for different vaccination strategies. Protein-protein interactions have also been inferenced utilizing structural approaches, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Similar workflows and technologies were employed to unveil novel A. baumannii drug targets, with a similar trend in the increasing influx of in silico techniques. This review integrates the latest knowledge on the development of A. baumannii vaccines while highlighting the in silico methods as the future of such exploratory research. In parallel, we also briefly summarize recent advancements in A. baumannii drug target research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chiang Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandrajit Lahiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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Sheweita SA, Amara AA, Gamal H, Ghazy AA, Hussein A, Bahey-El-Din M. Bacterial Ghosts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Promising Candidate Vaccine and Its Application in Diabetic Rats. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060910. [PMID: 35746518 PMCID: PMC9228170 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pose a major clinical threat worldwide especially to immunocompromised patients. As a novel vaccine network for many kinds of bacteria, bacterial ghosts (BGs) have recently been introduced. In the present research, using Sponge-Like Reduced Protocol, P. aeruginosa ghosts (PAGs) were prepared to maintain surface antigens and immunogenicity. This is the first study, to our knowledge, on the production of chemically induced well-structured bacterial ghosts for PA using concentrations of different chemicals. The research was carried out using diabetic rats who were orally immunized at two-week intervals with three doses of PAGs. Rats were subsequently challenged either by the oral route or by the model of ulcer infection with PA. In challenged rats, in addition to other immunological parameters, organ bioburden and wound healing were determined, respectively. Examination of the scanning and transmission electron microscope (EM) proved that PAGs with a proper three-dimensional structure were obtained. In contrast to control groups, oral PAGs promoted the generation of agglutinating antibodies, the development of IFN-γ, and the increase in phagocytic activity in vaccinated groups. Antibodies of the elicited PAGs were reactive to PA proteins and lipopolysaccharides. The defense against the PA challenge was observed in PAGs-immunized diabetic rats. The resulting PAGs in orally vaccinated diabetic rats were able to evoke unique humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and to defend them from the threat of skin wound infection. These results have positive implications for future studies on the PA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A. Sheweita
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt; (H.G.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Amro A. Amara
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Heba Gamal
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt; (H.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Amany A. Ghazy
- Department of Microbiology & Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt; (H.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohammed Bahey-El-Din
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt;
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Amara AAAF. The Role of Divalent Cations in Antibiotic Sensitivity. BIOMOLECULES FROM NATURAL SOURCES 2022:252-277. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119769620.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abdelnaby MA, Shoueir KR, Ghazy AA, Abdelhamid SM, El Kemary MA, Mahmoud HE, Baraka K, Abozahra RR. Synthesis and evaluation of metallic nanoparticles-based vaccines against Candida albicans infections. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Salem-Bekhit MM, Youssof AME, Alanazi FK, Aleanizy FS, Abdulaziz A, Taha EI, Amara AAAF. Bacteria from Infectious Particles to Cell Based Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1984. [PMID: 34959266 PMCID: PMC8706210 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes of nonliving evacuated bacterial cells. They are free from their cytoplasmic contents; however, they sustain their cellular 3D morphology and antigenic structures, counting on bioadhesive properties. Lately, they have been tested as an advanced drug delivery system (DDS) for different materials like DNA, peptides, or drugs, either single components or combinations. Different studies have revealed that, BG DDS were paid the greatest attention in recent years. The current review explores the impact of BGs on the field of drug delivery and drug targeting. BGs have a varied area of applications, including vaccine and tumor therapy. Moreover, the use of BGs, their synthesis, their uniqueness as a delivery system and application principles in cancer are discussed. Furthermore, the safety issues of BGs and stability aspects of using ghost bacteria as delivery systems are discussed. Future perspective efforts that must be followed for this important system to continue to grow are important and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.Y.); (F.K.A.); (F.S.A.); (A.A.); (E.I.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. E. Youssof
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.Y.); (F.K.A.); (F.S.A.); (A.A.); (E.I.T.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.Y.); (F.K.A.); (F.S.A.); (A.A.); (E.I.T.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.Y.); (F.K.A.); (F.S.A.); (A.A.); (E.I.T.)
| | - Alsuwyeh Abdulaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.Y.); (F.K.A.); (F.S.A.); (A.A.); (E.I.T.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab I. Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.Y.); (F.K.A.); (F.S.A.); (A.A.); (E.I.T.)
| | - Amro Abd Al Fattah Amara
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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13
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Chen H, Ji H, Kong X, Lei P, Yang Q, Wu W, Jin L, Sun D. Bacterial Ghosts-Based Vaccine and Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1892. [PMID: 34834306 PMCID: PMC8622331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty bacterial envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria produced by controlled expressions of cloned gene E, forming a lysis tunnel structure within the envelope of the living bacteria. Globally, BGs have been used as vaccine delivery systems and vaccine adjuvants. There is an increasing interest in the development of novel delivery systems that are based on BGs for biomedical applications. Due to intact reservation of bacterial cell membranes, BGs have an inherent immunogenicity, which enables targeted drug delivery and controlled release. As carrier vehicles, BGs protect drugs from interference by external factors. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in BG-based delivery systems against tumors, inflammation, and infection, among others. Herein, we reviewed the preparation methods for BGs, interactions between BGs and the host, and further highlighted research progress in BG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (H.J.); (X.K.); (P.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Hao Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (H.J.); (X.K.); (P.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (H.J.); (X.K.); (P.L.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (H.J.); (X.K.); (P.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (H.J.); (X.K.); (P.L.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (H.J.); (X.K.); (P.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (H.J.); (X.K.); (P.L.); (W.W.)
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14
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El-Baky NA, Amara AAAF. Recent Approaches towards Control of Fungal Diseases in Plants: An Updated Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110900. [PMID: 34829188 PMCID: PMC8621679 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research demonstrates that the number of virulent phytopathogenic fungi continually grows, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Various procedures are currently available for the rapid detection and control of phytopathogenic fungi. Since 1940, chemical and synthetic fungicides were typically used to control phytopathogenic fungi. However, the substantial increase in development of fungal resistance to these fungicides in addition to negative effects caused by synthetic fungicides on the health of animals, human beings, and the environment results in the exploration of various new approaches and green strategies of fungal control by scientists from all over the world. In this review, the development of new approaches for controlling fungal diseases in plants is discussed. We argue that an effort should be made to bring these recent technologies to the farmer level.
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15
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Mat Rahim N, Lee H, Strych U, AbuBakar S. Facing the challenges of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: progress and prospects in the vaccine development. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3784-3794. [PMID: 34106809 PMCID: PMC8437540 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1927412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) named A. baumannii as one of the three antibiotic-resistant bacterial species on its list of global priority pathogens in dire need of novel and effective treatment. With only polymyxin and tigecycline antibiotics left as last-resort treatments, the need for novel alternative approaches to the control of this bacterium becomes imperative. Vaccines against numerous bacteria have had impressive records in reducing the burden of the respective diseases and addressing antimicrobial resistance; as in the case of Haemophilus influenzae type b . A similar approach could be appropriate for A. baumannii. Toward this end, several potentially protective antigens against A. baumannii were identified and evaluated as vaccine antigen candidates. A licensed vaccine for the bacteria, however, is still not in sight. Here we explore and discuss challenges in vaccine development against A. baumannii and the promising approaches for improving the vaccine development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- NorAziyah Mat Rahim
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health Complex, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - HaiYen Lee
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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López-Siles M, Corral-Lugo A, McConnell MJ. Vaccines for multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria: lessons from the past for guiding future success. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa054. [PMID: 33289833 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global public health. Vaccination is an effective approach for preventing bacterial infections, however it has not been successfully applied to infections caused by some of the most problematic multidrug resistant pathogens. In this review, the potential for vaccines to contribute to reducing the burden of disease of infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is presented. Technical, logistical and societal hurdles that have limited successful vaccine development for these infections in the past are identified, and recent advances that can contribute to overcoming these challenges are assessed. A synthesis of vaccine technologies that have been employed in the development of vaccines for key multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is included, and emerging technologies that may contribute to future successes are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive review of vaccine development efforts over the last 40 years for three of the most worrisome multidrug resistant Gram negative pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented, with a focus on recent and ongoing studies. Finally, future directions for the vaccine development field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia López-Siles
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Corral-Lugo
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Häfner
- University of Copenhagen, BRIC Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Lund Group, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Ma C, Chen W. Where are we and how far is there to go in the development of an Acinetobacter vaccine? Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:281-295. [PMID: 33554671 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1887735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are becoming alarming worldwide. However, the pipeline of new antibiotics is very limited. Vaccination is one of the most cost effective and promising strategies to prevent infections and can play an important role in combat multidrug resistance A. baumannii and prevent the development of new drug resistance. AREA COVERED This review gives an overview of the research and development of A. baumannii vaccines during the past five years (2015-2020), discusses the key progresses and current challenges of the field, and speculates on the future of A. baumannii vaccine development. EXPERT OPINION Moderate progresses have been made in the research and development of A. baumannii vaccine in the last five years, in particular in the areas of identification of new protein targets, development of multicomponent vaccines, and use of vaccines and antibodies as adjuncts for antibiotics therapies. However, substantial scientific and logistic challenges, such as selection of lead vaccine candidates and formulation, vaccine clinical trials and targeted population, and financial incentives, remain. Thus, innovative strategies will be needed before an A. baumannii vaccine candidate can be brought into late stage of preclinical development in next five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Ma
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center (HHT), National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center (HHT), National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Canada.,Department of Biology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada
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19
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The Development of a Phytopathogenic Fungi Control Trial: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger Infection in Jojoba Tissue Culture as a Model. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6639850. [PMID: 33531879 PMCID: PMC7834779 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After introducing the idea of using concentrations equal to or less than the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of some active chemical compounds for evacuating microbial cells, different types of microbes were evacuated. The original protocol was given the name sponge-like protocol and then was reduced and modified from a microorganism to another to prepare microbial ghosts for various applications such as immunological applications, drug delivery, and isolation of DNA and protein. Fungal pathogens that infect plants critically affect cost effectiveness, quality, and quantity of their production. They kill plant cells and/or cause plant stress. Plant fungal infections can originate from many sources such as infected soil, seeds, or crop debris causing diseases and quality losses around the world with billions of US dollars annually as costs of the associated productivity loss. This study focused on the application of the sponge-like protocol in protecting in vitro tissue cultures of plants against fungal pathogens. This can be useful for research purposes or may be developed to be introduced in field applications. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger infection in tissue culture of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schn.) was used as a model to establish the employment of this protocol to control plant fungal diseases. The best conditions for A. flavus and A. niger ghosts production previously mapped by randomization experimental design (reduced Plackett–Burman experimental design) were used to prepare fungal ghosts. SDS, NaOH, NaHCO3, and H2O2 were used in their MIC (+1 level) or minimum growth concentration (MGC, −1 level) according to the determined optimal experimental design. The release of both of DNA and protein from the fungal cells was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 260nm and 280nm, respectively, as an indicator for cell loss of their cytoplasm. Fungal ghost cells were also examined by transmission electron microscopy. After confirming the preparation of high-quality fungal ghost cells, the same conditions were mimicked to control plant fungal infection. Jojoba grown in tissue culture was sprayed with fungal cells (about 103 CFU) as a control experiment or fungal cells followed by treatment with solution (a) represents the fungal ghost cells formation calculated critical concentration (FGCCC) of SDS, NaOH, and NaHCO3 and then treatment with solution (b) represents H2O2 FGCCC. The plant was examined on day 0 (plant grown before any infection or infection followed by treatment), day 5 (plant at day 5 after infection or infection followed by treatment), and day 10 (plant at day 10 after infection or infection followed by treatment). We observed fungal growth in case of control experiments at days 5 and 10 on the tissue culture medium, as well as plant, and the absence of any fungal growth in case of plant treated with FGCCC even after day 10. We recommend using this FGCCC in the form of chemical spraying formulation to treat the plants aiming to control different plant fungal infections in in vitro tissue culture systems or applied in field.
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20
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Amara AAAF. Improving Animal Immunity to Prevent Fungal Infections with Folk Remedies and Advanced Medicine. FUNGAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS 2021:127-162. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69507-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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21
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McCarthy RR, Larrouy-Maumus GJ, Meiqi Tan MGC, Wareham DW. Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Their Transmission in Acinetobacter baumannii. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:135-153. [PMID: 34661894 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin over 90 years ago and its subsequent uptake by healthcare systems around the world revolutionised global health. It marked the beginning of a golden age in antibiotic discovery with new antibiotics readily discovered from natural sources and refined into therapies that saved millions of lives. Towards the end of the last century, the rate of discovery slowed to a near standstill. The lack of discovery is compounded by the rapid emergence and spread of bacterial pathogens that exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotic therapies and threaten the sustainability of global healthcare systems. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen whose prevalence and impact has grown significantly over the last 20 years. It is recognised as a barometer of the antibiotic resistance crisis due to the diverse array of mechanisms by which it can become resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan R McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Gerald J Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mei Gei C Meiqi Tan
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - David W Wareham
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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22
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Recent Advances in the Pursuit of an Effective Acinetobacter baumannii Vaccine. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121066. [PMID: 33352688 PMCID: PMC7766458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has been a major cause of nosocomial infections for decades. The absence of an available vaccine coupled with emerging multidrug resistance has prevented the medical community from effectively controlling this human pathogen. Furthermore, the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the risk of hospitalized patients developing ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by bacterial opportunists including A. baumannii. The shortage of antibiotics in the development pipeline prompted the World Health Organization to designate A. baumannii a top priority for the development of new medical countermeasures, such as a vaccine. There are a number of important considerations associated with the development of an A. baumannii vaccine, including strain characteristics, diverse disease manifestations, and target population. In the past decade, research efforts have revealed a number of promising new immunization strategies that could culminate in a safe and protective vaccine against A. baumannii. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the development of A. baumannii vaccines, discuss potential challenges, and propose future directions to achieve an effective intervention against this human pathogen.
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23
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Bekeredjian-Ding I. Challenges for Clinical Development of Vaccines for Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1755. [PMID: 32849627 PMCID: PMC7419648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing endogenous infections has entailed a need for innovative approaches to therapy and prophylaxis of these infections and raised a new interest in vaccines for prevention of colonization and infection by typically antibiotic resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, there has been a long history of failures in late stage clinical development of this type of vaccines, which remains not fully understood. This article provides an overview on present and past vaccine developments targeting nosocomial bacterial pathogens; it further highlights the specific challenges associated with demonstrating clinical efficacy of these vaccines and the facts to be considered in future study designs. Notably, these vaccines are mainly applied to subjects with preexistent immunity to the target pathogen, transient or chronic immunosuppression and ill-defined microbiome status. Unpredictable attack rates and changing epidemiology as well as highly variable genetic and immunological strain characteristics complicate the development. In views of the clinical need, re-thinking of the study designs and expectations seems warranted: first of all, vaccine development needs to be footed on a clear rationale for choosing the immunological mechanism of action and the optimal time point for vaccination, e.g., (1) prevention (or reduction) of colonization vs. prevention of infection and (2) boosting of a preexistent immune response vs. altering the quality of the immune response. Furthermore, there are different, probably redundant, immunological and microbiological defense mechanisms that provide protection from infection. Their interplay is not well-understood but as a consequence their effect might superimpose vaccine-mediated resolution of infection and lead to failure to demonstrate efficacy. This implies that improved characterization of patient subpopulations within the trial population should be obtained by pro- and retrospective analyses of trial data on subject level. Statistical and systems biology approaches could help to define immune and microbiological biomarkers that discern populations that benefit from vaccination from those where vaccines might not be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Langen, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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24
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial ghosts are intact bacterial cell envelopes that are emptied of their content by gentle biological or chemical poring methods. Ghost techniques increase the safety of the killed vaccines, while maintaining their antigenicity due to mild preparation procedures. Moreover, ghost-platforms may express and/or carry several antigens or plasmid-DNA encoding for protein epitopes. AREAS COVERED In this review, the development in ghost-vaccine production over the last 30 years is classified and discussed. The different applications of ghost-vaccines, how they trigger the immune system, their advantages and limitations are displayed. The phage-mediated lysis, molecular manipulation of the lysis-genes, and the biotechnological production of ghosts are described. The trials are classified according to the pattern of lysis and to the type of bacteria. Further subdivision includes chronological ordered application of the ghost as alternative-killed vaccine, recombinant antigen platform, plasmid DNA carrier, adjuvants, and dendritic cell inducer. Particular trials for specific pathogens or from distinct research schools are gathered. EXPERT OPINION Ghosts are highly qualified to act as immune-presenting platforms that express and/or carry several recombinant and DNA vaccines, as well as, being efficient alternative-killed vaccines. The coming years will show more molecular advances to develop ghost-production and to express more antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Batah
- Tropical Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology , Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Tarek A Ahmad
- Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA.,Library Sector, Bibliotheca Alexandrina , Alexandria, Egypt
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Pulido MR, García-Quintanilla M, Pachón J, McConnell MJ. A lipopolysaccharide-free outer membrane vesicle vaccine protects against Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Vaccine 2019; 38:719-724. [PMID: 31843268 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were isolated from an Acinetobacter strain deficient in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to a mutation in lpxD (IB010). Two immunizations with 10 µg of IB010 OMVs elicited total IgG, IgM, IgG1 and IgG2c titers similar to those observed after immunization with OMVs derived from the parental strain (ATCC 19606), and IB010 OMVs plus purified LPS. Immunization with IB010 OMVs resulted in significantly reduced post-infection spleen bacterial loads and serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared to control mice in a disseminated sepsis model. Mice immunized with 10 µg IB010 OMVs demonstrated significant, but partial, protection (75%) against infection, whereas mice immunized with ATCC 19606 OMVs or IB010 OMVs plus purified LPS were completely protected. Immunization of mice with 100 µg of IB010 OMVs completely protected mice from infection. This study demonstrates that LPS deficient A. baumannii produces OMVs, and that immunization with these OMVs elicits protective immunity against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Pulido
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Meritxell García-Quintanilla
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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