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Nicita F, Calapaj M, Alibrandi S, Donato L, Aquilio E, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Efficacy of an experimental gaseous ozone-based sterilization method for clear aligners. Angle Orthod 2024; 94:194-199. [PMID: 38381802 PMCID: PMC10893927 DOI: 10.2319/061623-421.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess effectiveness of an experimental sterilization method based on the exposure of an O3/O2 gas mixture directly inside the packaging for clear aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty samples consisting of pieces of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) aligners were contaminated by manual handling and subsequently divided into different groups (n = 30 for exposure to O3/O2 gas at different times, n = 10 for positive control with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, n = 10 for negative control). The measurement of optical densities (OD) of the initial and final microbial cultures was recorded for all groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for differences between groups while Wilcoxon test was used to compare initial and final OD values within groups. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Comparison within the groups showed statistically significant differences for exposure to the gaseous mixture (72 hours), for positive and negative controls. Other significant differences were found in the multiple comparisons between the application of gaseous ozone (48 hours and 72 hours) and the negative control. CONCLUSIONS The direct exposure of gaseous ozone on the aligners inside their packaging showed microbicidal capacity at 72 hours, which was equivalent to the positive control with immersion in chlorhexidine digluconate. This innovative sterilization procedure could be considered in the final manufacturing processes of clear aligners to eliminate the potentially pathogenic microorganisms that are deposited on surfaces of these orthodontic devices.
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Paños-Crespo A, Traboulsi-Garet B, Sánchez-Garcés MÁ, Gay-Escoda C. Disinfection of the air and surfaces in the dental clinic using hydroxyl radical (OH-) based technology: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e494-e504. [PMID: 37388429 PMCID: PMC10306383 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A systematic review was carried out to compare the disinfectant capacity of hydroxyl radicals (OH-) versus other products commonly used for disinfecting the air and surfaces. Material and Methods A literature search was made of the Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. "In vitro" studies evaluating disinfection methods applicable to several surfaces and room air were included in the search. The search was carried out in April 2022, with no restrictions in terms of language or publication date. Results Of the 308 articles identified from the initial search, 8 were included for the quantitative analysis. All publications corresponded to experimental "in vitro" studies. Seven of them evaluated biocidal action against bacteria, and only two assessed activity against viral loads. The generation of contaminants secondary to application of the disinfectants was only analyzed in one of the studies, with the conclusion that the production of peroxyl radicals (RO2) derived from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is greater when chemical surface disinfectants are used versus air disinfection systems. Conclusions The disinfection capacities of the currently available methods are similar, and none of them are able to replace the use of additional physical protection measures. Key words:Disinfection methods, hydroxyl radical, environment, surfaces, dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Paños-Crespo
- DDS. Master in Oral Surgery and Buccofacial Implantology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Bassel Traboulsi-Garet
- DDS. Master in Oral Surgery and Buccofacial Implantology. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Maria-Ángeles Sánchez-Garcés
- MD, DDS, MS, PhD, EBOS. Associate Professor of Oral Surgery. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute. Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Cosme Gay-Escoda
- MD, DDS, MS, PhD, EBOS, OMFS. Chairman of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Director of the Master in Oral Surgery and Buccofacial Implantology (EFHRE International University / FUCSO). Coordinator / Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute. Head of the Department of Oral Surgery, Buccofacial Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery. Teknon Medical Center. Barcelona (Spain)
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Agustín MDR, Stengel P, Kellermeier M, Tücking KS, Müller M. Monitoring Growth and Removal of Pseudomonas Biofilms on Cellulose-Based Fabrics. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040892. [PMID: 37110314 PMCID: PMC10143030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are often tolerant towards routine cleaning and disinfection processes. As they can grow on fabrics in household or healthcare settings, resulting in odors and serious health problems, it is necessary to contain biofilms through eradication strategies. The current study proposes a novel test model for the growth and removal of biofilms on textiles with Pseudomonas fluorescens and the opportunistic nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model organisms. To assess the biofilm removal on fabrics, (1) a detergent-based, (2) enzyme-based, and (3) combined formulation of both detergent and enzymes (F1/2) were applied. Biofilms were analyzed microscopically (FE-SEM, SEM, 3D laser scanning- and epifluorescence microscopy), via a quartz crystal microbalance with mass dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) as well as plate counting of colonies. This study indicated that Pseudomonas spp. form robust biofilms on woven cellulose that can be efficiently removed via F1/2, proven by a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of viable bacteria in biofilms. Moreover, microscopic analysis indicated a disruption and almost complete removal of the biofilms after F1/2 treatment. QCM-D measurements further confirmed a maximal mass dissipation change after applying F1/2. The combination strategy applying both enzymes and detergent is a promising antibiofilm approach to remove bacteria from fabrics.
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Folliero V, Ricciardi M, Dell’Annunziata F, Pironti C, Galdiero M, Franci G, Motta O, Proto A. Deployment of a Novel Organic Acid Compound Disinfectant against Common Foodborne Pathogens. TOXICS 2022; 10:768. [PMID: 36548601 PMCID: PMC9780819 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disinfection process represents an important activity closely linked to the removal of micro-organisms in common processing systems. Traditional disinfectants are often not sufficient to avoid the spread of food pathogens; therefore, innovative strategies for decontamination are crucial to countering microbial transmission. This study aims to assess the antimicrobial efficiency of tetrapotassium iminodisuccinic acid salt (IDSK) against the most common pathogens present on surfaces, especially in food-borne environments. METHODS IDSK was synthesized from maleic anhydride and characterized through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (both 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was performed via the broth microdilution method and time-killing assays against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IDSK concentration range: 0.5-0.002 M). The biofilm biomass eradicating activity was assessed via a crystal violet (CV) assay. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of IDSK was 0.25 M for all tested strains, exerting bacteriostatic action. IDSK also reduced biofilm biomass in a dose-dependent manner, reaching rates of about 50% eradication at a dose of 0.25 M. The advantages of using this innovative compound are not limited to disinfecting efficiency but also include its high biodegradability and its sustainable synthesis. CONCLUSIONS IDSK could represent an innovative and advantageous disinfectant for food processing and workers' activities, leading to a better quality of food and safer working conditions for the operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ricciardi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Makuła M, Włodarczyk-Makuła M, Wołejko E, Wydro U, Serra-Majem L, Wiater J. Inanimate Surfaces as a Source of Hospital Infections Caused by Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses with Particular Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8121. [PMID: 35805776 PMCID: PMC9265696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The carriers of nosocomial infections are the hands of medical personnel and inanimate surfaces. Both hands and surfaces may be contaminated as a result of contact with the patient, their body fluids, and touching contaminated surfaces in the patient's surroundings. Visually clean inanimate surfaces are an important source of pathogens. Microorganisms have properties thanks to which they can survive in unfavorable conditions, from a few days to several months. Bacteria, viruses and fungi are able to transmit from inanimate surfaces to the skin of the patient and the medical staff. These pathogens include SARS-CoV-2, which can survive on various types of inanimate surfaces, being a potential source of infection. By following the recommendations related to washing and disinfecting hands and surfaces, and using appropriate washing and disinfecting agents with a broad biocidal spectrum, high material compatibility and the shortest duration of action, we contribute to breaking the chain of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Marcin Makuła
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Traugutta sq.2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa University of Technology, 69 Dabrowskiego Str., 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Wołejko
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Urszula Wydro
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; (E.W.); (U.W.)
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Józefa Wiater
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
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Rangel K, Cabral FO, Lechuga GC, Carvalho JPRS, Villas-Bôas MHS, Midlej V, De-Simone SG. Potent Activity of a High Concentration of Chemical Ozone against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2022; 27:3998. [PMID: 35807244 PMCID: PMC9268618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant public health problem worldwide, favoring multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was negatively associated with the increase in antimicrobial resistance, and the ESKAPE group had the most significant impact on HAIs. The study evaluated the bactericidal effect of a high concentration of O3 gas on some reference and ESKAPE bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four standard strains and four clinical or environmental MDR strains were exposed to elevated ozone doses at different concentrations and times. Bacterial inactivation (growth and cultivability) was investigated using colony counts and resazurin as metabolic indicators. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. RESULTS The culture exposure to a high level of O3 inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains tested with a statistically significant reduction in colony count compared to the control group. The cell viability of S. aureus (MRSA) (99.6%) and P. aeruginosa (XDR) (29.2%) was reduced considerably, and SEM showed damage to bacteria after O3 treatment Conclusion: The impact of HAIs can be easily dampened by the widespread use of ozone in ICUs. This product usually degrades into molecular oxygen and has a low toxicity compared to other sanitization products. However, high doses of ozone were able to interfere with the growth of all strains studied, evidencing that ozone-based decontamination approaches may represent the future of hospital cleaning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Rangel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Fellipe O. Cabral
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.O.C.); (M.H.S.V.-B.)
| | - Guilherme C. Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - João P. R. S. Carvalho
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
| | - Maria H. S. Villas-Bôas
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.O.C.); (M.H.S.V.-B.)
| | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Ultrastructure, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
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Piletić K, Kovač B, Perčić M, Žigon J, Broznić D, Karleuša L, Lučić Blagojević S, Oder M, Gobin I. Disinfecting Action of Gaseous Ozone on OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm In Vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106177. [PMID: 35627712 PMCID: PMC9140702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen that can contaminate hospital surfaces in the form of a biofilm which is hard to remove with standard disinfectants. Because of biofilm resistance to conservative disinfectants, the application of new disinfection technologies is becoming more frequent. Ozone gas has antimicrobial activity but there is lack of data on its action against K. pneumoniae biofilm. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of gaseous ozone on the OXA-48-procuding K. pneumoniae biofilm. A 24 h biofilm of K. pneumoniae formed on ceramic tiles was subsequently exposed to different concentrations of ozone during one and two hours to determine the optimal ozone concentration. Afterwards, the total bacteria count, total biomass and oxidative stress levels were monitored. A total of 25 ppm of gaseous ozone was determined to be optimal ozone concentration and caused reduction in total bacteria number in all strains of K. pneumoniae for 2.0 log10 CFU/cm2, followed by reduction in total biomass up to 88.15%. Reactive oxygen species levels significantly increased after the ozone treatment at 182% for the representative K. pneumoniae NCTC 13442 strain. Ozone gas in the concentration of 25 ppm caused significant biofilm reduction but did not completely eradicate the K. pneumoniae biofilm formed on ceramics. In conclusion, ozone gas has great potential to be used as an additional hygiene measure in joint combat against biofilm in hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaća Piletić
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Bruno Kovač
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (B.K.)
| | - Marko Perčić
- Faculty of Engineering & Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Jure Žigon
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Dalibor Broznić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Ljerka Karleuša
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Lučić Blagojević
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Martina Oder
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Investigation of biocidal efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in public, private and workplaces during the pandemic event of SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5468. [PMID: 35361869 PMCID: PMC8969816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of 24 commercial disinfectants present on the market during last year according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Recently, national and international organizations of public health performed studies on disinfection products due to the increasing awareness of the potential and growing risks on human health, such as skin damage and reactions in the mucosal lining, especially for the healthcare workers in their frequent daily use. However, there are many limitations in the common cleaning/disinfection products on market as in the selection of effective disinfectants to decontaminate inanimate surfaces. We analyzed the disinfection power of hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, alcohols, phenols and aldehydes used as active principles according to international guidelines. The antimicrobial properties were assessed by broth microdilution, and antibiofilm properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); their virucidal efficacy was tested against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The quaternary ammonium compounds demonstrated better efficacy than others and in some cases ready to use products had also virucidal and antimicrobial activities after dilution at 0.125%. The scientific evidence indicates that many commercial products are used at high concentrations and high doses and this could have deleterious effects both on human health and the environment. A lower concentration of active ingredients would avoid the excessive release of chemicals into the environment and improve skin tolerance, ensuring the health and safety protection of workers, including the healthcare operators at their workplace.
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Pironti C, Moccia G, Motta O, Boccia G, Franci G, Santoro E, Capunzo M, De Caro F. The influence of microclimate conditions on ozone disinfection efficacy in working places. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64687-64692. [PMID: 34318416 PMCID: PMC8315499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the sanitization of environments, devices, and objects has become mandatory to improve human and environmental safety, in addition to individual protection and prevention measures. International studies considered ozone one of the most useful and easy sanitization methods for indoor environments, especially hospital environments that require adequate levels of disinfection. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the microclimate influence on sanitizing procedure for indoor settings with ozone, to prevent infections and ensure the safe use of the environments. The concentration of ozone was measured during sanitization treatment and estimation of microorganisms' survival on the air and different contaminated plates after the sanitization operations were performed. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the microbial count that always fell below the threshold value in different conditions of distance, temperature, and relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- AUO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, via S. Leonardo, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Moccia
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- AUO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, via S. Leonardo, Salerno, Italy
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
- AUO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, via S. Leonardo, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- AUO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, via S. Leonardo, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- AUO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, via S. Leonardo, Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela Santoro
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- AUO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, via S. Leonardo, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- AUO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, via S. Leonardo, Salerno, Italy
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Motta O, Pironti C, Moccia G, De Caro F. The misperception of the use of ozone in the sanitation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19537-19538. [PMID: 33606167 PMCID: PMC7893376 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, (SA), Italy.
| | - Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Moccia
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - Franceso De Caro
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi, (SA), Italy
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Moccia G, De Caro F, Pironti C, Boccia G, Capunzo M, Borrelli A, Motta O. Development and Improvement of an Effective Method for Air and Surfaces Disinfection with Ozone Gas as a Decontaminating Agent. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E578. [PMID: 33143010 PMCID: PMC7694113 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Ozone has been one of the most investigated and discussed sanitization methods. This paper reports a procedure to sanitize air hospital environments, in particular chirurgical surgery rooms that require high levels of disinfection. The purpose of this work was the development and implementation of a cleansing and sanitizing procedure for critical clinical settings with ozone, to prevent hospital infections by the elimination of all toxic and harmful microorganisms in the air, and ensure safe use for operators and patients. Materials and Methods: The protocol for the study involved a structured selection of a representative environment of healthcare structures such as high, medium, and low-risk settings in air and examples of hospital furniture. Results: The concentration of ozone was measured during sanitization treatment and the estimation of the total microbial count in the air and on different surfaces before and after the sanitization operations was performed. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the microbial count that always fell below the threshold value. Conclusions: Currently, there are no air treatment strategies available for inactivating airborne organisms during hospital outbreaks, which is most probably due to the lack of approved protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Moccia
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (O.M.)
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (O.M.)
| | - Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (O.M.)
- University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, via S. Leonardo, 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (O.M.)
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (O.M.)
| | - Anna Borrelli
- University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, via S. Leonardo, 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, via S. Allende 1, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (O.M.)
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