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Ouellette J, Lacoste B. Rock2 heterozygosity improves recognition memory and endothelial function in a mouse model of 16p11.2 deletion autism syndrome. Neurosci Lett 2024; 837:137904. [PMID: 39029613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase-2 (ROCK2) is a critical player in many cellular processes and was incriminated in cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Recent evidence has shown that non-selective pharmacological blockage of ROCKs ameliorates behavioral alterations in a mouse model of 16p11.2 haploinsufficiency. We had revealed that 16p11.2-deficient mice also display cerebrovascular abnormalities, including endothelial dysfunction. To investigate whether genetic blockage of ROCK2 also exerts beneficial effects on cognition and angiogenesis, we generated mice with both 16p11.2 and Rock2 haploinsufficiency (16p11.2df/+;Rock2+/-). We find that Rock2 heterozygosity on a 16p11.2df/+ background significantly improved recognition memory. Furthermore, brain endothelial cells from 16p11.2df/+;Rock2+/- mice display improved angiogenic capacity compared to cells from 16p11.2df/+ littermates. Overall, this study implicates Rock2 gene as a modulator of 16p11.2-associated alterations, highlighting its potential as a target for treatment of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ouellette
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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2
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Yokoi F, Deguchi S, Takayama K. Organ-on-a-chip models for elucidating the cellular biology of infectious diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023:119504. [PMID: 37245539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion of pathogens into a host. To explore the mechanisms of pathogen infections and cellular responses, human models that can accurately recapitulate human pathophysiology are needed. Organ-on-a-chip is a type of advanced in vitro model system that cultures cells in microfluidic devices to replicate physiologically relevant microenvironments such as 3D structures, shear stress, and mechanical stimulation. Recently, organ-on-a-chips have been widely adopted to examine the pathophysiology of infectious diseases in detail. Here, we will summarize recent advances in infectious disease research of visceral organs such as the lung, intestine, liver, and kidneys, using organ-on-a-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuki Yokoi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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3
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Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit Following Cerebral Ischemia and Hemorrhage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182823. [PMID: 36139398 PMCID: PMC9496956 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulated as a group effort of the stroke community, the transforming concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU) depicts the structural and functional relationship between brain cells and the vascular structure. Composed of both neural and vascular elements, the NVU forms the blood-brain barrier that regulates cerebral blood flow to meet the oxygen demand of the brain in normal physiology and maintain brain homeostasis. Conversely, the dysregulation and dysfunction of the NVU is an essential pathological feature that underlies neurological disorders spanning from chronic neurodegeneration to acute cerebrovascular events such as ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage, which were the focus of this review. We also discussed how common vascular risk factors of stroke predispose the NVU to pathological changes. We synthesized existing literature and first provided an overview of the basic structure and function of NVU, followed by knowledge of how these components remodel in response to ischemic stroke and brain hemorrhage. A greater understanding of the NVU dysfunction and remodeling will enable the design of targeted therapies and provide a valuable foundation for relevant research in this area.
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Myocardial Microvascular Physiology in Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndromes, Aortic Stenosis, and Heart Failure. J Interv Cardiol 2022; 2022:9846391. [PMID: 35935124 PMCID: PMC9297731 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9846391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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5
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Li M, Jiao Q, Xin W, Niu S, Liu M, Song Y, Wang Z, Yang X, Liang D. The Emerging Role of Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors in Cardiovascular Disorders: Insights Into Atherosclerosis: A Mini Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:782098. [PMID: 35047576 PMCID: PMC8761945 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.782098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease accounts for one-third of global deaths. However, the mechanism of atherosclerosis is not fully understood. It is well-known that the Rho GTPase family, especially Rho A, plays a vital role in the development and progression of arteriosclerosis. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs), which act upstream of Rho GTPases, are also involved in the atheromatous pathological process. Despite some research on the role of Rho GEFS in the regulation of atherosclerosis, the number of studies is small relative to studies on the essential function of Rho GEFs. Some studies have preliminarily revealed Rho GEF regulation of atherosclerosis by experiments in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we review the advances in research on the relationship and interaction between Rho GEFs and atheroma to provide a potential reference for further study of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingzheng Jiao
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gucheng County Hospital, Hengshui Gucheng, Hebei, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shulin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxin Song
- Department of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Zengguang Wang
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Xinyu Yang
| | - Degang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Degang Liang
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Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Modulates RhoA/ROCK Signaling of Rat Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Rescue Their Damaged Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Biological Function Induced by Radiation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8863577. [PMID: 32952571 PMCID: PMC7482001 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8863577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is an infrequent yet potentially devastating complication of head and neck radiation therapy. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been widely accepted as a promising method for the successful management of ORNJ, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the effects of LIPUS on cytoskeletal reorganization, cell viability, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of rat mandible-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (M-BMMSCs) induced by radiation were determined by immunofluorescence staining, CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Moreover, the involvement of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway underlying this process was investigated via western blot analysis. We found that radiation induced significant damage to the cytoskeleton, cell viability, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of M-BMMSCs and downregulated their expression of RhoA, ROCK, and vinculin while increasing FAK expression. LIPUS treatment effectively rescued the disordered cytoskeleton and redistributed vinculin. Furthermore, the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation capacity were also significantly recovered. More importantly, it could reverse the aberrant expression of the key molecules induced by radiation. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling remarkably aggravated the inhibitory effect of radiation and attenuated the therapeutic effect of LIPUS. In the light of these findings, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway might be a promising target for modifying the therapeutic effect of LIPUS on osteoradionecrosis.
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Zhang F, Chen S, Wen JY, Chen ZW. 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase/hydrogen sulfide protects cerebral endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury via mitoprotection and inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C720-C733. [PMID: 32813542 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00014.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) is the major source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in the brain and participates in many physiological and pathological processes. The present study was designed to investigate the role of 3-MST-derived H2S (3-MST/H2S) on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs). Using cerebrovascular specimens from patients with acute massive cerebral infarction (MCI), we found abnormal morphology of the endothelium and mitochondria, as well as decreases in H2S and 3-MST levels. In an OGD/R model of ECs, 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP) and l-aspartic acid (l-Asp) were used to stimulate or inhibit the production of 3-MST/H2S. The results showed that OGD/R induced significant decreases in H2S and 3-MST levels in both ECs and mitochondria, as well as increases in oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy imbalance. Cellular oxidative stress, destruction of mitochondrial ultrastructure, accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduction of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase activity and ATP production, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were all significantly ameliorated by 3-MP, whereas they were exacerbated by l-Asp pretreatment. Contrary to the effects of l-Asp, the increase in RhoA activity and expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 induced by OGD/R were markedly inhibited by 3-MP pretreatment in subcellular fractions without mitochondria and mitochondrial fractions. In addition, 3-MST-/- rat ECs displayed greater oxidative stress than 3-MST+/+ rat ECs after OGD/R injury. These findings suggest that 3-MST/H2S protects ECs against OGD/R-induced injury, which may be related to preservation of mitochondrial function and inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji-Yue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Freitas-Andrade M, Raman-Nair J, Lacoste B. Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Brain Vasculature Following Stroke. Front Physiol 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 32848875 PMCID: PMC7433746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cerebral blood vessel integrity and regulation of cerebral blood flow ensure proper brain function. The adult human brain represents only a small portion of the body mass, yet about a quarter of the cardiac output is dedicated to energy consumption by brain cells at rest. Due to a low capacity to store energy, brain health is heavily reliant on a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients from the bloodstream, and is thus particularly vulnerable to stroke. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. By transiently or permanently limiting tissue perfusion, stroke alters vascular integrity and function, compromising brain homeostasis and leading to widespread consequences from early-onset motor deficits to long-term cognitive decline. While numerous lines of investigation have been undertaken to develop new pharmacological therapies for stroke, only few advances have been made and most clinical trials have failed. Overall, our understanding of the acute and chronic vascular responses to stroke is insufficient, yet a better comprehension of cerebrovascular remodeling following stroke is an essential prerequisite for developing novel therapeutic options. In this review, we present a comprehensive update on post-stroke cerebrovascular remodeling, an important and growing field in neuroscience, by discussing cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, sex differences, limitations of preclinical research design and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Raman-Nair
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Rho Kinase Activity, Connexin 40, and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanistic Insights from End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010165. [PMID: 31936157 PMCID: PMC7019687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on cellular/molecular mechanisms leading to atrial fibrillation (AF) are scanty. Increased expression of Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin-phosphatase-target subunit-1 (MYPT-1), ROCK activity’s marker, were shown in AF patients, which correlated with connexin 40 (Cx40) expression, membrane protein of heart gap junctions, key for rapid action potential’s cell–cell transfer. AF is the most frequent arrhythmia in dialysis patients who present increased MYPT-1 phosphorylation, which correlates with left ventricular (LV) mass. Given ROCK’s established role in cardiovascular–renal remodeling, induction of impaired cell-to-cell coupling/potential conduction promoting AF initiation/perpetuation, we evaluated in dialysis patients with AF, MYPT-1 phosphorylation, Cx40 expression, and their relationships to support their involvement in AF. Mononuclear cells’ MYPT-1 phosphorylation, Cx40 expression, and the ROCK inhibitor fasudil’s effect were assessed in dialysis patients with AF (DPAFs), dialysis patients with sinus rhythm (DPs), and healthy subjects (C) (western blot). M-mode echocardiography assessed LV mass and left atrial systolic volume. DPAF’s phospho-MYPT-1 was increased vs. that of DPs and C (1.57 ± 0.17 d.u. vs. 0.69 ± 0.04 vs. 0.51 ± 0.05 respectively, p < 0.0001). DP’s phospho-MYPT-1 was higher vs. that of C, p = 0.009. DPAF’s Cx40 was higher vs. that of DPs and C (1.23 ± 0.12 vs. 0.74 ± 0.03 vs. 0.69 ± 0.03, p < 0.0001). DPAF’s phospho-MYPT-1 correlated with Cx40 (p < 0.001), left atrial systolic volume (p = 0.013), and LV mass (p = 0.014). In DPAFs, fasudil reduced MYPT-1 phosphorylation (p < 0.01) and Cx40 expression (p = 0.03). These data point toward ROCK and Cx40’s role in the mechanism(s) leading to AF in dialysis patients. Exploration of the ROCK pathway in AF could contribute to AF generation’s mechanistic explanations and likely identify potential pharmacologic targets for translation into treatment.
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Cell Adhesion-Mediated Actomyosin Assembly Regulates the Activity of Cubitus Interruptus for Hematopoietic Progenitor Maintenance in Drosophila. Genetics 2019; 212:1279-1300. [PMID: 31138608 PMCID: PMC6707476 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The actomyosin network is involved in crucial cellular processes including morphogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and collective cell migration in Drosophila, Caenorhabditiselegans, and mammals. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila larval blood stem-like progenitors require actomyosin activity for their maintenance. Genetic loss of the actomyosin network from progenitors caused a decline in their number. Likewise, the progenitor population increased upon sustained actomyosin activation via phosphorylation by Rho-associated kinase. We show that actomyosin positively regulates larval blood progenitors by controlling the maintenance factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Overexpression of the maintenance signal via a constitutively activated construct (ci.HA) failed to sustain Ci-155 in the absence of actomyosin components like Zipper (zip) and Squash (sqh), thus favoring protein kinase A (PKA)-independent regulation of Ci activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a change in cortical actomyosin assembly mediated by DE-cadherin modulates Ci activity, thereby determining progenitor status. Thus, loss of cell adhesion and downstream actomyosin activity results in desensitization of the progenitors to Hh signaling, leading to their differentiation. Our data reveal how cell adhesion and the actomyosin network cooperate to influence patterning, morphogenesis, and maintenance of the hematopoietic stem-like progenitor pool in the developing Drosophila hematopoietic organ.
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Wen JY, Gao SS, Chen FL, Chen S, Wang M, Chen ZW. Role of CSE-Produced H 2S on Cerebrovascular Relaxation via RhoA-ROCK Inhibition and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1565-1574. [PMID: 30406996 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of CSE-produced H2S on cerebrovascular relaxation and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was investigated using CSE knockout (CSE-/-) and wild-type (CSE+/+) mice. The relaxation of the cerebral basilar artery (BA) to CSE-produced H2S and its mechanism were detected. The results revealed that both NaHS, a donor of exogenous H2S, and ROCK inhibitor Y27632 could induce significant relaxation of the BA, but the relaxation of the BA to NaHS was significantly attenuated by Y27632. In addition, removal of endothelium could reduce the relaxation of the BA to Y27632; CSE knockout also significantly attenuated Y27632-induced BA relaxation with endothelium rather than without endothelium. By contrast, the contraction of the BA from CSE-/- mice to RhoA agonist LPA or U46619 was stronger than that from CSE+/+ mice. Furthermore, RhoA activity and ROCK protein expression remarkably increased in the BA vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from CSE-/- mouse, which were inhibited by NaHS pretreatment. These findings revealed that the CSE-produced H2S induced cerebrovascular relaxation is generated from endothelial cells and the mechanism of vascular relaxation may relate to inhibition of RhoA-ROCK pathway. We next sought to confirm the protective effect of CSE-produced H2S on cerebral I/R injury produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice. We investigated the changes of neurological deficit, cerebral infarct, brain water content, LDH decrease, MDA increase as well as impairment of learning and memory function. The results showed that the cerebral injury became more grievous in CSE-/-mice than that in CSE+/+mice, which could be remarkably alleviated by NaHS pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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12
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Ravarotto V, Carraro G, Pagnin E, Bertoldi G, Simioni F, Maiolino G, Martinato M, Landini L, Davis PA, Calò LA. Oxidative stress and the altered reaction to it in Fabry disease: A possible target for cardiovascular-renal remodeling? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204618. [PMID: 30261035 PMCID: PMC6160124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease is characterized by deficient expression/activity of α-GalA with consequent lysosomal accumulation in various organs of its substrate Gb3. Despite enzyme replacement therapy, Fabry disease progresses with serious myocardial, cerebral and renal manifestations. Gb3 accumulation may induce oxidative stress (OxSt), production of inflammatory cytokines and reduction of nitric oxide, which may impact on Fabry disease's clinical manifestations. METHODS OxSt status was characterized in 10 patients compared with 10 healthy subjects via protein expression of p22phox, subunit of NADH/NADPH oxidase, (Western blot), Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 levels (ELISA), antioxidant/anti-inflammatory, lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde (MDA) production (colorimetric assay), phosphorylation state of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase (ERK)1/2 and Myosin Phosphatase Target Protein (MYPT)-1 (Western blot), marker of Rho kinase activation, both involved in OxSt signaling. Cardiac left ventricular (LV) mass was also evaluated (M-mode echocardiography). RESULTS LV mass was higher in Fabry's males (123.72±2.03SEM g/m2) and females (132.09±6.72g/m2). p22phox expression was also higher in patients (1.04±0.09 d.u. vs 0.54±0.05 d.u. p<0.01) as well as MDA levels (54.51±3.97 vs 30.05±7.11 nmol/mL p = 0.01) while HO-1 was reduced (8.84±0.79 vs 14.03±1.23 ng/mL, p<0.02). MYPT-1's phosphorylation was increased in patients (0.52±0.11 d.u. vs 0.03±0.08 d.u., p<0.01) while phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was reduced (0.91±0.08 d.u. vs 1.53±0.17 d.u., p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS This study documents OxSt activation and the altered reaction to it in Fabry patients. Cardiac remodeling, Rho kinase signaling activation and reduction of protective HO-1 might suggest that, in addition to enzyme replacement therapy, OxSt inhibition by either pharmacological or nutritional measures, is likely to prove useful for the prevention/treatment of Fabry patients' cardiovascular-renal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoldi
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Francesca Simioni
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | | | | | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University of Padua, Padua Italy
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McCoy MG, Wei JM, Choi S, Goerger JP, Zipfel W, Fischbach C. Collagen Fiber Orientation Regulates 3D Vascular Network Formation and Alignment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2967-2976. [PMID: 33435017 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alignment of collagen type I fibers is a hallmark of both physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. However, the effects of collagen fiber orientation on endothelial cell behavior and vascular network formation are poorly understood because of a lack of model systems that allow studying these potential functional connections. By casting collagen type I into prestrained (0, 10, 25, 50% strain), poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microwells and releasing the mold strain following polymerization, we have created collagen gels with varying fiber alignment as confirmed by structural analysis. Endothelial cells embedded within the different gels responded to increased collagen fiber orientation by assembling into 3D vascular networks that consisted of thicker, more aligned branches and featured elevated collagen IV deposition and lumen formation relative to control conditions. These substrate-dependent changes in microvascular network formation were associated with altered cell division and migration patterns and related to enhanced mechanosignaling. Our studies indicate that collagen fiber alignment can directly regulate vascular network formation and that culture models with aligned collagen may be used to investigate the underlying mechanisms ultimately advancing our understanding of tissue development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G McCoy
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jane M Wei
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Julian Palacios Goerger
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Warren Zipfel
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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14
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Discovery of a ROCK inhibitor, FPND, which prevents cerebral hemorrhage through maintaining vascular integrity by interference with VE-cadherin. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17051. [PMID: 28845297 PMCID: PMC5563523 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weakened vessel ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain, leading to high rates of death and disability worldwide. A series of complex pathophysiological cascades contribute to the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, and no therapies have proven effective to prevent hemorrhagic stroke. Stabilization of vascular integrity has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for hemorrhagic stroke. ROCKs, which belong to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and participate in the organization of actin cytoskeleton, have become attractive targets for the treatment of strokes. In this study, in vitro enzyme-based assays revealed that a new compound (FPND) with a novel scaffold identified by docking-based virtual screening could inhibit ROCK1 specifically at low micromolar concentration. Molecular modeling showed that FPND preferentially interacted with ROCK1, and the difference between the binding affinity of FPND toward ROCK1 and ROCK2 primarily resulted from non-polar contributions. Furthermore, FPND significantly prevented statin-induced cerebral hemorrhage in a zebrafish model. In addition, in vitro studies using the xCELLigence RTCA system, immunofluorescence and western blotting revealed that FPND prevented statin-induced cerebral hemorrhage by enhancing endothelial cell–cell junctions through inhibiting the ROCK-mediated VE-cadherin signaling pathway. As indicated by the extremely low toxicity of FPND against mice, it is safe and can potentially prevent vascular integrity loss-related diseases, such as hemorrhagic stroke.
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Yi L, Huang X, Guo F, Zhou Z, Chang M, Huan J. GSK-3Beta-Dependent Activation of GEF-H1/ROCK Signaling Promotes LPS-Induced Lung Vascular Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction and Acute Lung Injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:357. [PMID: 28824887 PMCID: PMC5543036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to the extensive vascular endothelial cells (EC) injury under septic conditions. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1)/ROCK signaling not only involved in LPS-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediator in ECs but also implicated in LPS-induced endothelial hyper-permeability. However, the mechanisms behind LPS-induced GEF-H1/ROCK signaling activation in the progress of EC injury remain incompletely understood. GEF-H1 localized on microtubules (MT) and is suppressed in its MT-bound state. MT disassembly promotes GEF-H1 release from MT and stimulates downstream ROCK-specific GEF activity. Since glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3beta) participates in regulating MT dynamics under pathologic conditions, we examined the pivotal roles for GSK-3beta in modulating LPS-induced activation of GEF-H1/ROCK, increase of vascular endothelial permeability and severity of acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we found that LPS induced human pulmonary endothelial cell (HPMEC) monolayers disruption accompanied by increase in GSK-3beta activity, activation of GEF-H1/ROCK signaling and decrease in beta-catenin and ZO-1 expression. Inhibition of GSK-3beta reduced HPMEC monolayers hyper-permeability and GEF-H1/ROCK activity in response to LPS. GSK-3beta/GEF-H1/ROCK signaling is implicated in regulating the expression of beta-catenin and ZO-1. In vivo, GSK-3beta inhibition attenuated LPS-induced activation of GEF-H1/ROCK pathway, lung edema and subsequent ALI. These findings present a new mechanism of GSK-3beta-dependent exacerbation of lung micro-vascular hyper-permeability and escalation of ALI via activation of GEF-H1/ROCK signaling and disruption of intracellular junctional proteins under septic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South CampusShanghai, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zengding Zhou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Mengling Chang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jingning Huan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Niego B, Lee N, Larsson P, De Silva TM, Au AEL, McCutcheon F, Medcalf RL. Selective inhibition of brain endothelial Rho-kinase-2 provides optimal protection of an in vitro blood-brain barrier from tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasmin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177332. [PMID: 28510599 PMCID: PMC5433693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibition, broadly utilised in cardiovascular disease, may protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during thrombolysis from rt-PA-induced damage. While the use of nonselective ROCK inhibitors like fasudil together with rt-PA may be hindered by possible hypotensive side-effects and inadequate capacity to block detrimental rt-PA activity in brain endothelial cells (BECs), selective ROCK-2 inhibition may overcome these limitations. Here, we examined ROCK-2 expression in major brain cells and compared the ability of fasudil and KD025, a selective ROCK-2 inhibitor, to attenuate rt-PA-induced BBB impairment in an in vitro human model. ROCK-2 was highly expressed relative to ROCK-1 in all human and mouse brain cell types and particularly enriched in rodent brain endothelial cells and astrocytes compared to neurons. KD025 was more potent than fasudil in attenuation of rt-PA- and plasminogen-induced BBB permeation under normoxia, but especially under stroke-like conditions. Importantly, only KD025, but not fasudil, was able to block rt-PA-dependent permeability increases, morphology changes and tight junction degradation in isolated BECs. Selective ROCK-2 inhibition further diminished rt-PA-triggered myosin phosphorylation, shape alterations and matrix metalloprotease activation in astrocytes. These findings highlight ROCK-2 as the key isoform driving BBB impairment and brain endothelial damage by rt-PA and the potential of KD025 to optimally protect the BBB during thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Be’eri Niego
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Natasha Lee
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pia Larsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T. Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda E-Ling Au
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona McCutcheon
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L. Medcalf
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lu W, Kang J, Hu K, Tang S, Zhou X, Xu L, Li Y, Yu S. The role of the Nox4-derived ROS-mediated RhoA/Rho kinase pathway in rat hypertension induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Sleep Breath 2017; 21:667-677. [PMID: 28078487 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-016-1449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, which is a risk factor for resistant hypertension, is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and is associated with many cardiovascular diseases. CIH elicits systemic oxidative stress and sympathetic hyperactivity, which lead to hypertension. Rho kinases (ROCKs) are considered to be major effectors of the small GTPase RhoA and have been extensively studied in the cardiovascular field. Upregulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling cascade is observed in various cardiovascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and stroke. However, the exact molecular function of RhoA/ROCK in CIH remains unclear and requires further study. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4)-induced ROS/RhoA/ROCK pathway in CIH-induced hypertension in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CIH for 21 days (intermittent hypoxia of 21% O2 for 60 s and 5% O2 for 30 s, cyclically repeated for 8 h/day). We randomly assigned 56 male rats to groups of normoxia (RA) or vertically implemented CIH together with vehicle (CIH-V), GKT137831 (CIH-G), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (CIH-N), or Y27632 (CIH-Y). The rats in the RA group were continuously exposed to room air, whereas the rats in the other groups were exposed to CIH. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was monitored at the beginning of each week. After the experiment, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded, and serum and renal tissues were subjected to molecular biological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Compared with the BP of RA rats, the BP of CIH-V rats started to increase 2 weeks after the beginning of the experiment, subsequently stabilizing at a high level at the end of the third week. CIH increased both RSNA and oxidative stress. This response was attenuated by treatment of the rats with GKT137831 or NAC. Inhibiting Nox4 activity or ROS production reduced RhoA/ROCK expression. Treatment with Y27632 reduced both BP and RSNA in rats exposed to CIH. CONCLUSION Hypertension can be induced by CIH in SD rats. The CIH-induced elevation of BP is at least partially mediated via the Nox4-induced ROS/RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Si Tang
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiufang Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lifang Xu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shuhui Yu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Rho kinase II interference by small hairpin RNA ameliorates 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine‑induced parkinsonism in mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4947-4956. [PMID: 27840922 PMCID: PMC5355756 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic targets are required for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies suggest that the Rho/Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) signaling pathway may be a promising therapeutic target in PD. To elucidate the importance of ROCKII in the pathogenesis of dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss and to investigate the efficacy of ROCK inhibitors in PD, ROCKII expression in the substantia nigra (SN) of mice was silenced through the injection of a lentivirus-based small hairpin RNA system. Empty lentivirus vectors served as controls. Mice were subsequently challenged with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The expression levels and activity of ROCKII were elevated in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and in cluster of differentiation (CD) 11b-positive microglia within the SN of MPTP-treated mice, which was accompanied by an increased level of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in M1 microglia. ROCKII interference (RI) significantly improved movement disorder and attenuated DA neuron loss induced by MPTP. In addition, RI inhibited the activation of M1 microglia in the SN, exhibiting reduced activity of the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway and decreased expression levels of iNOS and inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The results of the present study verify that ROCKII participates in the loss of DA neurons induced by MPTP and suggest that ROCKII inhibition may be a promising therapeutic target for PD.
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19
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Du R, Wang JL, Wang YL. Role of RhoA/MERK1/ERK1/2/iNOS signaling in ocular ischemic syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:2217-2226. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Hsieh ML, Liu PY, Wu JM, Liao JK, Wang JN. Interventional Transcatheter Closure Ameliorates the Leukocyte Rho Kinase Activities among Patients with Patent Ductus Arteriosus. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2016; 31:494-9. [PMID: 27122913 DOI: 10.6515/acs20150424d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) causes increased pulmonary blood flow, which can lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) may play an important pathophysiological role in PAH. We hypothesized that the increased pulmonary artery (PA) flow from PDA could activate ROCK. METHODS Patients who received a PDA transcatheter closure in our hospital were consecutively enrolled in this study. Basic demographics and clinical hemodynamic data of the study participants were recorded. Then, ROCK activity was measured before and after the PDA occlusion procedure. ROCK activity was defined as the phosphorylation ratio of myosin-binding subunit by Western blot measurement. We also sub-divided patients into the coil group and occluder group based on the occlusion device used in each patient's procedure. RESULTS From January 2009 to December 2011, 25 patients with a median age of 2.3 years, ranging from 10 months to 72 years were enrolled. The mean PDA size was 0.31 ± 0.14 cm, the mean Qp/Qs shunt was 1.54 ± 0.41, and the mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 26.9 ± 10.3 mmHg. There were 10 patients (one boy and nine girls) in the coil group and 15 patients (four boys and eleven girls) in the occluder group. Following the closure of the PDA, ROCK activity significantly decreased (1.78 ± 2.25 vs. 0.77 ± 0.69, p < 0.01). There was a strong correlation between the leukocyte ROCK activity with the systolic PA pressure (y = 5.4608x + 22.54, R2 = 0.5539, p < 0.05), but not the Qp/Qs value. Both subgroups showed significant changes of ROCK activity after the procedure. Interestingly, when comparing the coil group with the occluder group, the decrease in ROCK activity was more apparent in the occluder group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicated that ROCK activity is higher in patients with PDA and correlates with PA pressure. The decrease in ROCK activity following the device closure suggests that ROCK may be an important biomarker for PDA patency. KEY WORDS Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA); Pulmonary arterial pressure; Rho kinase; Transcatheter closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - James K Liao
- Division of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Fierro C, Novoa U, González V, Ocaranza MP, Jalil JE. Simultaneous Rho kinase inhibition in circulating leukocytes and in cardiovascular tissue in rats with high angiotensin converting enzyme levels. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215:309-17. [PMID: 27128553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA and its direct target Rho kinase (ROCK) play important roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Activated ROCK phosphorylates intracellular proteins with detrimental effects on cardiovascular remodeling. Increased ROCK activity in circulating leukocytes is observed in hypertension and in heart failure, but its relationship with ROCK activation in the myocardium and vessels is unknown. We hypothesized that ROCK activation and phosphorylation/activation of some of its key downstream molecules in the heart and arterial wall are reflected in circulating leukocytes. METHODS Phosphorylation of MYPT1, ERM and p38-MAPK and levels of p65-NF-κB were determined in the left ventricle (LV), aortic wall and circulating leukocytes in rats with high (Brown Norway, BN) and low (Lewis) angiotensin converting enzyme. A group of BN rats received the ROCK inhibitor fasudil (7days). RESULTS Compared to Lewis rats, in the BN group phosphorylated levels of MYPT1, ERM and p38-MAPK and levels of p65-NF-κB were increased (P<0.05) in the LV (67%, 92%, 52% and 98%, respectively); in the aortic wall (57%, 51%, 68% and 66%, respectively) and in circulating leukocytes (61%, 72%, 49% and 105%, respectively). Fasudil reduced all these levels to those observed in Lewis rats. Phosphorylated MYPT1, ERM, and p38-MAPK and levels of p65-NF-κB in circulating leukocytes were significantly correlated with their respective LV and aortic wall levels (excepting p65-NF-κB in aorta). CONCLUSION ROCK activity in circulating leukocytes reflects activation of this signaling pathway in the myocardium and aortic wall in this model, and supports its value as a potential cardiovascular remodeling marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fierro
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Ulises Novoa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | - Veronica González
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDis), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Calò LA, Vertolli U, Pagnin E, Ravarotto V, Davis PA, Lupia M, Naso E, Maiolino G, Naso A. Increased rho kinase activity in mononuclear cells of dialysis and stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: Cardiovascular risk implications. Life Sci 2016; 148:80-5. [PMID: 26872982 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of excess mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients (DP) who have higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the strongest predictor of CV events. Rho kinase (ROCK) activation is linked in hypertensive patients to cardiac remodeling while ROCK inhibition suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and, in a human clinical condition opposite to hypertension, its downregulation associates with lack of CV remodeling. Information on ROCK activation-LVH link in CKD and DP is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mononuclear cells (PBMCs) MYPT-1 phosphorylation, a marker of ROCK activity, and the effect of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, on MYPT-1 phosphorylation were assessed in 23 DPs, 13 stage 3-4 CKD and 36 healthy subjects (HS) by Western blot. LV mass was assessed by M-mode echocardiography. KEY FINDINGS DP and CKD had higher MYPT-1 phosphorylation compared to HS (p<0.001 and p=0.003). Fasudil (500 and 1000μM) dose dependently reduced MYPT-1 phosphorylation in DP (p<0.01). DP had higher LV mass than CKD (p<0.001). MYPT-1 phosphorylation was higher in patients with LVH (p=0.009) and correlated with LV mass both in DP and CKD with LVH (p<0.001 and p=0.006). SIGNIFICANCE In DP and CKD, ROCK activity tracks with LVH. This ROCK activation-LVH link provided in these CVD high-risk patients along with similar findings in hypertensive patients and added to opposite findings in a human model opposite to hypertension and in type 2 diabetic patients, identify ROCK activation as a potential LVH marker and provide further rationale for ROCK activation inhibition as target of therapy in CVD high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Ugo Vertolli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Mario Lupia
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Naso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hypertension, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Agostino Naso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
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Salmina AB, Komleva YK, Szijártó IA, Gorina YV, Lopatina OL, Gertsog GE, Filipovic MR, Gollasch M. H2S- and NO-Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Amyloid Vasculopathy: Synergism or Antagonism? Front Physiol 2015; 6:361. [PMID: 26696896 PMCID: PMC4675996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's type of neurodegeneration dramatically affects H2S and NO synthesis and interactions in the brain, which results in dysregulated vasomotor function, brain tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, development of perivascular inflammation, promotion of Aβ deposition, and impairment of neurogenesis/angiogenesis. H2S- and NO-signaling pathways have been described to offer protection against Alzheimer's amyloid vasculopathy and neurodegeneration. This review describes recent developments of the increasing relevance of H2S and NO in Alzheimer's disease (AD). More studies are however needed to fully determine their potential use as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's and other forms of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - István A. Szijártó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
| | - Yana V. Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga L. Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina E. Gertsog
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Milos R. Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
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Li S, Dang Y, Zhou X, Huang B, Huang X, Zhang Z, Kwan YW, Chan SW, Leung GPH, Lee SMY, Hoi MPM. Formononetin promotes angiogenesis through the estrogen receptor alpha-enhanced ROCK pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16815. [PMID: 26568398 PMCID: PMC4645220 DOI: 10.1038/srep16815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Formononetin is an isoflavone that has been shown to display estrogenic properties and induce angiogenesis activities. However, the interrelationship between the estrogenic properties and angiogenesis activities of formononetin are not well defined. In the present study, docking and enzymatic assay demonstrated that formononetin displayed direct binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) with an agonistic property. Results from Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) by using real-time migration xCELLigence system, immunofluorescence and western blotting provided strong evidences of formononetin induced endothelial cell migration and dramatic actin cytoskeleton spatial modification through ERα-enhanced-ROCK-II/MMP2/9 signaling pathways. In addition, results from co-immunoprecipitation suggested formononetin induced cell migration via recruiting of ERα/ROCK-II activated complex formation. More interestingly, in zebrafish embryo we observed that formononetin significantly promoted angiogenic sproutings in the subintestinal vessels (SIVs) that could be completely abolished by ROCK inhibitor. In this study, we elucidated the underlying mechanisms that formononetin produced proangiogenesis effects through an ERα-enhanced ROCK-II signaling pathways. Results from the present study also expand our knowledge about the enigmatic underlying mechanisms of phytoestrogenic compounds in the promotion of angiogenesis in relation to ERα and ROCK interaction in endothelial cells and their relationship with actin assembly and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yuanye Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zherui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun Wan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - George Pak Heng Leung
- Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Kajikawa M, Noma K, Nakashima A, Maruhashi T, Iwamoto Y, Matsumoto T, Iwamoto A, Oda N, Hidaka T, Kihara Y, Aibara Y, Chayama K, Sasaki S, Kato M, Dote K, Goto C, Liao JK, Higashi Y. Rho-associated kinase activity is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome. Hypertension 2015; 66:892-9. [PMID: 26283039 PMCID: PMC4989242 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases play an important role in a variety of cellular functions. Although Rho-associated kinase activity has been shown to be an independent predictor for future cardiovascular events in a general population, there is no information on Rho-associated kinase activity in patients with acute coronary syndrome. We evaluated leukocyte Rho-associated kinase activity by Western blot analysis in 73 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 73 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Rho-associated kinase activity within 2 hours of acute coronary syndrome onset was higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome than in the control subjects (0.95±0.55 versus 0.69±0.31; P<0.001). Rho-associated kinase activity promptly increased from 0.95±0.55 to 1.11±0.81 after 3 hours and reached a peak of 1.21±0.76 after 1 day (P=0.03 and P=0.03, respectively) and then gradually decreased to 0.83±0.52 after 7 days, 0.78±0.42 after 14 days, and 0.72±0.30 after 6 months (P=0.22, P=0.29, and P=0.12, respectively). During a median follow-up period of 50.8 months, 31 first major cardiovascular events (death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and coronary revascularization) occurred. After adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and concomitant treatment with statins, increased Rho-associated kinase activity was associated with increasing risk of first major cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 4.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.98–11.34; P<0.001). These findings suggest that Rho-associated kinase activity is dramatically changed after acute coronary syndrome and that Rho-associated kinase activity could be a useful biomarker to predict cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kajikawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Kensuke Noma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Takeshi Matsumoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Akimichi Iwamoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Nozomu Oda
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Takayuki Hidaka
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Yoshiki Aibara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Shota Sasaki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Masaya Kato
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Keigo Dote
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Chikara Goto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - James K Liao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.)
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (M.K., T. Maruhashi, Y.I., T. Matsumoto, A. I., N.O., T.H., Y.K.), Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (K.N., Y.H.), and Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (K.C.), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (K.N., A.N., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (S.S., M.K., K.D.); Department of Physical Therapy, Hirohsima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (C.G.); and Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL (J.K.L.).
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Ravarotto V, Pagnin E, Maiolino G, Fragasso A, Carraro G, Rossi B, Calò LA. The blocking of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and RhoA/Rho kinase activity in hypertensive patients: Effect of olmesartan medoxomil and implication with cardiovascular-renal remodeling. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:1245-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320315594324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Ravarotto
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
- Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Fragasso
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
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A rare variant in MCF2L identified using exclusion linkage in a pedigree with premature atherosclerosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:86-91. [PMID: 25898923 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in Western societies. CVD risk is largely genetically determined. The molecular pathology is, however, not elucidated in a large number of families suffering from CVD. We applied exclusion linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing to elucidate the molecular defect underlying premature CVD in a small pedigree, comprising two generations of which six members suffered from premature CVD. A total of three variants showed co-segregation with the disease status in the family. Two of these variants were excluded from further analysis based on the prevalence in replication cohorts, whereas a non-synonymous variant in MCF.2 Cell Line Derived Transforming Sequence-like protein (MCF2L, c.2066A>G; p.(Asp689Gly); NM_001112732.1), located in the DH domain, was only present in the studied family. MCF2L is a guanine exchange factor that potentially links pathways that signal through Rac1 and RhoA. Indeed, in HeLa cells, MCF2L689Gly failed to activate Rac1 as well as RhoA, resulting in impaired stress fiber formation. Moreover, MCF2L protein was found in human atherosclerotic lesions but not in healthy tissue segments. In conclusion, a rare functional variant in MCF2L, leading to impaired DH function, was identified in a small pedigree with premature CVD. The presence of MCF2L in human atherosclerotic plaque specimen lends further support to its potential role in atherosclerosis.
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Two functional polymorphisms of ROCK2 enhance arterial stiffening through inhibiting its activity and expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 79:180-6. [PMID: 25481646 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Derangement of Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) has been related to coronary artery disease and stroke. ROCK2, rather than ROCK1, plays a predominant role in vascular contractility. The present study aims to test (1) the associations between ROCK2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and arterial stiffness, and (2) the molecular mechanism accounting for their effects. Stiffness parameters including beta (β), elasticity modulus (Ep) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were obtained by carotid ultrasonography. Seven tagging SNPs of ROCK2 were initially genotyped in 856 subjects and significant SNPs were replicated in another group of 527 subjects. Two SNPs in complete linkage disequilibrium were found to be significantly associated with arterial stiffness. The major alleles of rs978906 (A allele) and rs9808232 (C allele) were associated with stiffer arteries. SNP rs978906 was predicted to influence microRNA(miR)-1183 binding to ROCK2, while rs9808232 causes amino acid substitution. To determine their functional impact, plasmid constructs carrying different alleles of the significant SNPs were created. Compared to rs978906G-allele constructs, cells transfected with rs978906A-allele constructs had higher baseline luciferase activities and were less responsive to miR-1183 changes. Oxidized-low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) suppressed miR-1183 levels and increased ROCK2 protein amounts. For rs9808232, cells transfected with C-allele constructs had significantly higher ROCK activities than those with A-allele constructs. Leukocyte ROCK activities were further measured in 52 healthy subjects. The average ROCK activity was highest in human subjects with CC genotype at rs9808232, followed by those with AC and lowest in AA. Taken together, the present study showed that two functional SNPs of ROCK2 increase susceptibility of arterial stiffness in the Chinese population. Non-synonymous SNP rs9808232 influences ROCK2 activity, while 3' UTR SNP rs978906 affects the ROCK2 protein synthesis by interfering miR-1183 binding.
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodríguez-Perez AI, Villar-Cheda B, Borrajo A, Dominguez-Meijide A, Guerra MJ. Rho Kinase and Dopaminergic Degeneration. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:616-29. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858414554954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The small GTP-binding protein Rho plays an important role in several cellular functions. RhoA, which is a member of the Rho family, initiates cellular processes that act on its direct downstream effector Rho-associated kinase (ROCK). ROCK inhibition protects against dopaminergic cell death induced by dopaminergic neurotoxins. It has been suggested that ROCK inhibition activates neuroprotective survival cascades in dopaminergic neurons. Axon-stabilizing effects in damaged neurons may represent another mechanism of neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons by ROCK inhibition. However, it has been shown that microglial cells play a crucial role in neuroprotection by ROCK inhibition and that activation of microglial ROCK mediates major components of the microglial inflammatory response. Additional mechanisms such as interaction with autophagy may also contribute to the neuroprotective effects of ROCK inhibition. Interestingly, ROCK interacts with several brain factors that play a major role in dopaminergic neuron vulnerability such as NADPH-oxidase, angiotensin, and estrogen. ROCK inhibition may provide a new neuroprotective strategy for Parkinson’s disease. This is of particular interest because ROCK inhibitors are currently used against vascular diseases in clinical practice. However, it is necessary to develop more potent and selective ROCK inhibitors to reduce side effects and enhance the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ana I. Rodríguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Begoña Villar-Cheda
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ana Borrajo
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria J. Guerra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE p63RhoGEF, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, has been reported 'in vitro' as key mediator of the angiotensin II-induced RhoA/Rho kinase activation leading to vasoconstriction and cardiovascular remodeling. We assessed p63RhoGEF gene and protein expression and RhoA/Rho kinase activity in essential hypertensive and Bartter's and Gitelman's syndrome patients, a human model opposite to hypertension; the latter have, in fact, increased plasma angiotensin II, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, yet normotension/hypotension, reduced peripheral resistance and lack of cardiovascular remodeling due to an endogenously blunted angiotensin II type 1 receptor signaling. METHODS Mononuclear cell p63RhoGEF gene and protein expression and the phosphorylation status of the myosin phosphatase target protein-1 (MYPT-1), marker of Rho kinase activity, were assessed in essential hypertensive patients, Bartter's/Gitelman's patients and healthy individuals by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS p63RhoGEF mRNA and protein level and MYPT-1 phosphorylation status were higher in hypertensive patients and lower in Bartter's/Gitelman's patients compared with healthy individuals: p63RhoGEF mRNA level: 0.59 ± 0.17 ΔΔCt vs. 0.37 ± 0.17 vs. 0.20 ± 0.19, analysis of variance (ANOVA): P <0.016; p63RhoGEF protein level 1.35 ± 0.14 vs. 1.09 ± 0.05 vs. 0.90 ± 0.09 densitometric units, ANOVA: P <0.0001; MYPT-1: 1.39 ± 0.34 vs. 1.01 ± 0.12 vs. 0.81 ± 0.06, ANOVA: P < 0.0001. p63RhoGEF mRNA was significantly correlated with both SBP and DBP in both hypertensive patients (R = 0.79, P < 0.02 and R = 0.78, P < 0.02) and in Bartter's syndrome/Gitelman's syndrome patients (R = 0.87, P < 0.001 and R = 0.86, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Increased p63RhoGEF mRNA and protein level and Rho kinase activity are shown for the first time in essential hypertensive patients, whereas the opposite was found in Bartter's/Gitelman's patients, a human model opposite to hypertension. These results combined with other 'in-vitro' studies strongly support the crucial importance of p63RhoGEF in Ang II-mediated signaling involved in the regulation of blood pressure and its long-term complications in humans.
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ROCK is involved in vasculogenic mimicry formation in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107661. [PMID: 25238232 PMCID: PMC4169566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and 2) are key regulators of focal adhesion, actomyosin contraction and cell motility. RhoA/ROCK signaling has emerged as an attractive target for the development of new cancer therapeutics. Whether RhoA/ROCK is involved in regulating the formation of tumor cell vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is largely unknown. To confirm this hypothesis, we performed in vitro experiments using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Firstly, we demonstrated that HCC cells with higher active RhoA/ROCK expression were prone to form VM channels, as compared with RhoA/ROCK low-expressing cells. Furthermore, Y27632 (a specific inhibitor of ROCK) rather than exoenzyme C3 (a specific inhibitor of RhoA) effectively inhibited the formation of tubular network structures in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the possible mechanism of ROCK on VM formation, real-time qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect changes of the key VM-related factors, including VE-cadherin, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma-A2 (EphA2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)14, MMP2, MMP9 and laminin 5γ2-chain (LAMC2), and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) markers: E-cadherin and Vimentin. The results showed that all the expression profiles were attenuated by blockage of ROCK. In addition, in vitro cell migration and invasion assays showed that Y27632 inhibited the migration and invasion capacity of HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner markedly. These data indicate that ROCK is an important mediator in the formation of tumor cell VM, and suggest that ROCK inhibition may prove useful in the treatment of VM in HCC.
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Abstract
Small GTPases are key signal transducers from extracellular stimuli to the nucleus that regulate a variety of cellular responses, including changes in gene expression and cell adhesion and migration. Accumulating data have demonstrated that abnormal activation of these small GTPases plays a critical role in the atherosclerosis characterized by vascular abnormalities, especially endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Here, we discuss the linkage between small GTPases, inflammation, and atherogenesis. First, small GTPases affect gene expression of inflammatory cytokines through proinflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interlukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Then, these molecules regulate the vascular inflammation through cell adhesion and migration. In turn, small GTPases are also regulated by extracellular stimuli, such as L-selectin, thrombin, oxidized phospholipids, and interleukins. Thus, these inflammatory cytokines generate a vicious cycle for small GTPases and inflammatory responses in the atherogenesis.
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Amin E, Dubey BN, Zhang SC, Gremer L, Dvorsky R, Moll JM, Taha MS, Nagel-Steger L, Piekorz RP, Somlyo AV, Ahmadian MR. Rho-kinase: regulation, (dys)function, and inhibition. Biol Chem 2014; 394:1399-410. [PMID: 23950574 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a variety of normal and pathological cell types, Rho-kinases I and II (ROCKI/II) play a pivotal role in the organization of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle cytoskeleton and adhesion plaques as well as in the regulation of transcription factors. Thus, ROCKI/II activity regulates cellular contraction, motility, morphology, polarity, cell division, and gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the Rho-ROCK pathways at different stages is linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. This review focuses on the current status of understanding the multiple functions of Rho-ROCK signaling pathways and various modes of regulation of Rho-ROCK activity, thereby orchestrating a concerted functional response.
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Müller-Deile J, Schiffer M. The podocyte power-plant disaster and its contribution to glomerulopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:209. [PMID: 25566185 PMCID: PMC4266017 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper podocyte function within the glomerulus demands a high and continuous energy supply that is mainly derived from the respiratory chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Dysregulations in the metabolic homeostasis of podocytes may result in podocyte damage and glomerular disease. This article highlights the current knowledge about podocyte energy supply by the respiratory chain. We review the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism with regard to podocytopathy and discuss the latest understanding of different mitochondrial dysfunctions of the podocyte in diabetic nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We discuss genetic forms of mitochondriopathy of the podocyte and end with recent knowledge about crosstalk between NADH and NADPH and potential therapeutic options for podocyte mitochondriopathy. We aim to raise awareness for the complex and interesting mechanisms of podocyte damage by impaired energy supply that, despite of novel findings in recent years, is poorly understood so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Müller-Deile
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mario Schiffer, Division of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany e-mail:
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Sari AN, Kacan M, Unsal D, Sahan Firat S, Kemal Buharalioglu C, Vezir O, Korkmaz B, Cuez T, Canacankatan N, Sucu N, Ayaz L, Tamer Gumus L, Gorur A, Tunctan B. Contribution of RhoA/Rho-kinase/MEK1/ERK1/2/iNOS pathway to ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation leading to distant and target organ injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:234-45. [PMID: 24296316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The small G protein RhoA and its downstream effector Rho-kinase play an important role in various physiopathological processes including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by iNOS and NADPH oxidase are important mediators of inflammation and organ injury following an initial localized I/R event. The aim of this study was to determine whether RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway increases the expression and activity of MEK1, ERK1/2, iNOS, gp91(phox), and p47(phox), and peroxynitrite formation which result in oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation leading to hindlimb I/R-induced injury in kidney as a distant organ and gastrocnemius muscle as a target organ. I/R-induced distant and target organ injury was performed by using the rat hindlimb tourniquet model. I/R caused an increase in the expression and/or activity of RhoA, MEK1, ERK1/2, iNOS, gp91(phox), p47(phox), and 3-nitrotyrosine and nitrotyrosine levels in the tissues. Although Rho-kinase activity was increased by I/R in the kidney, its activity was decreased in the muscle. Serum and tissue MDA levels and MPO activity were increased following I/R. I/R also caused an increase in SOD and catalase activities associated with decreased GSH levels in the tissues. Y-27632, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, (100µg/kg, i.p.; 1h before reperfusion) prevented the I/R-induced changes except Rho-kinase activity in the muscle. These results suggest that activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase/MEK1/ERK1/2/iNOS pathway associated with oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation contributes to hindlimb I/R-induced distant organ injury in rats. It also seems that hindlimb I/R induces target organ injury via upregulation of RhoA/MEK1/ERK1/2/iNOS pathway associated with decreased Rho-kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nihal Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kacan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Demet Unsal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Sahan Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - C Kemal Buharalioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozden Vezir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belma Korkmaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuba Cuez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Necmiye Canacankatan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nehir Sucu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Lokman Ayaz
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Lulufer Tamer Gumus
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Gorur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey.
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Lu Y, Li H, Jian W, Zhuang J, Wang K, Peng W, Xu Y. The Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor fasudil in the protection of endothelial cells against advanced glycation end products through the nuclear factor κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:310-316. [PMID: 24137180 PMCID: PMC3786857 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase (Rho/ROCK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular injury. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, on vascular endothelial injury induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vitro. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with AGEs and AGEs plus fasudil in various concentrations for different time periods. Monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression, protein expression and activation of Rho/ROCK, activation of NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. Fasudil suppressed AGE-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Fasudil also reduced the mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, increases in the protein levels of Rho/ROCK and ROCK activity mediated by AGEs were inhibited by the addition of fasudil. Additionally, fasudil attenuated AGE-induced NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity and inhibition of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation. ROS production induced by AGEs was also reduced by fasudil in HUVECs. The results suggest that ROCK inhibition may protect the vascular endothelium against AGE-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion in vitro through the reduction of ROS generation and the downregulation of NF-κB signaling. Thus, ROCK inhibition may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072
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Di Rienzo C, Jacchetti E, Cardarelli F, Bizzarri R, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Unveiling LOX-1 receptor interplay with nanotopography: mechanotransduction and atherosclerosis onset. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1141. [PMID: 23355954 PMCID: PMC3555090 DOI: 10.1038/srep01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like ox-LDL receptors (LOX-1) play a crucial role in the ox-LDL–induced pathological transformation of vessel-wall components, a crucial early step in atherogenesis. LOX-1 dynamics is quantitatively investigated in human endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to environmental nanotopographies. We demonstrate distinct nanotopography-induced cell phenotypes, characterized by different morphology, LOX-1 diffusivity and oligomerization state: HUVECs on flat surfaces exhibit the behavior found in pro-atherogenic conditions, while growth on nanogratings can interfere with LOX-1 dynamics and lead to a behavior characteristic of normal, non-pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12 , 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Noma K. Novel usage of sarpogrelate hydrochloride in patients with allergy-related variant angina. J Cardiol Cases 2012; 6:e189-e190. [PMID: 30533104 PMCID: PMC6269402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Noma
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +81 82 257 5831; fax: +81 82 257 5831
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Raad M, El Tal T, Gul R, Mondello S, Zhang Z, Boustany RM, Guingab J, Wang KK, Kobeissy F. Neuroproteomics approach and neurosystems biology analysis: ROCK inhibitors as promising therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration and neurotrauma. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3659-68. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Raad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; Faculty of Medicine; American University of Beirut; Beirut; Lebanon
| | - Tala El Tal
- Faculty of Medicine; American University of Beirut; Beirut; Lebanon
| | - Rukhsana Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine; Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Center of Innovative Research Banyan Biomarkers Inc.; Alachua; FL; USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL; USA
| | | | - Joy Guingab
- Center of Innovative Research Banyan Biomarkers Inc.; Alachua; FL; USA
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Florida; Gainesville; FL; USA
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