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Muñoz VR, Vieira RFL, Katashima CK, Gaspar RC, Lino M, Trombeta JCDS, Duft RG, Azevêdo Macêdo AP, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Cavaglieri CR, Pauli JR. Rho-Kinase Is Differentially Expressed in the Adipose Tissue of Rodent and Human in Response to Aging, Sex, and Acute Exercise. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae001. [PMID: 38197701 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) controls energy storage, expenditure, and endocrine function. Rho-kinase (ROCK) is related to impaired thermogenesis, downregulation of preadipocyte differentiation, and adipokine production. Furthermore, WAT ROCK responds to metabolic stress from high-fat diets or diabetes. However, ROCK distribution in adipose depots and its response to aging and sex remain unclear. Thus, we aim to investigate ROCK function in adipose tissue of rodent and human in response to aging and sex. We observed specific differences in the ROCK1/2 distribution in inguinal WAT (ingWAT), perigonadal WAT (pgWAT), and brown adipose tissue of male and female rodents. However, ROCK2 expression was lower in female ingWAT compared with males, a fact that was not observed in the other depots. In the pgWAT and ingWAT of male and female rodents, ROCK activity increased during development. Moreover, middle-aged female rodents and humans showed downregulation in ROCK activity after acute physical exercise. Interestingly, ROCK levels were associated with several inflammatory markers both in rats and humans WAT (Nfkb1, Tnf, Il1b, Il6, and Mcp1). Induction of cell senescence by etoposide elevates ROCK activity in human preadipocytes; however, silencing ROCK1/2 demonstrates improvement in the inflammatory and cell senescence state. Using public databases, several pathways were strongly associated with ROCK modulation in WAT. In summary, WAT ROCK increases with development in association with inflammatory markers. Further, ROCK activity was attenuated by acute physical exercise, implicating it as a possible therapeutic target for metabolism improvement mediated by adipose tissue inflammatory state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Kiyoshi Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marsel Lino
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Renata Garbellini Duft
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (FISEX), Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (FISEX), Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li DW, Bo L, Tu Q, Zhou AW, Shi LL, Yang XJ, Mao CP. Prenatal Hypoxia Altered Angiotensin II-mediated Vasoconstrictions viaPKC/ERK/ROCK Pathways and Potassium Channels in Rat Offsrping Middle Cerebral Artery. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:250-255. [PMID: 33766224 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Wei Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Bo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Tu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China;Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - An Wen Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Ling Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Jun Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai Ping Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
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Eubanks HB, Lavoie EG, Goree J, Kamykowski JA, Gokden N, Fausther M, Dranoff JA. Reduction in SNAP-23 Alters Microfilament Organization in Myofibrobastic Hepatic Stellate Cells. Gene Expr 2020; 20:25-37. [PMID: 31757226 PMCID: PMC7284106 DOI: 10.3727/105221619x15742818049365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are critical effector cells of liver fibrosis. In the injured liver, HSC differentiate into a myofibrobastic phenotype. A critical feature distinguishing myofibroblastic from quiescent HSC is cytoskeletal reorganization. Soluble NSF attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins are important in trafficking of newly synthesized proteins to the plasma membrane for release into the extracellular environment. The goals of this project were to determine the expression of specific SNARE proteins in myofibroblastic HSC and to test whether their alteration changed the HSC phenotype in vitro and progression of liver fibrosis in vivo. We found that HSC lack the t-SNARE protein, SNAP-25, but express a homologous protein, SNAP-23. Downregulation of SNAP-23 in HSC induced reduction in polymerization and disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton associated with loss of cell movement. In contrast, reduction in SNAP-23 in mice by monogenic deletion delayed but did not prevent progression of liver fibrosis to cirrhosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that SNAP-23 is an important regular of actin dynamics in myofibroblastic HSC, but that the role of SNAP-23 in the progression of liver fibrosis in vivo is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh B. Eubanks
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elise G. Lavoie
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jessica Goree
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kamykowski
- †Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Neriman Gokden
- ‡Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michel Fausther
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Dranoff
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Jin Y, Blikslager AT. The Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Myosin Light Chain Kinase/Rho Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103550. [PMID: 32443411 PMCID: PMC7278945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial apical junctional complex, which includes tight and adherens junctions, contributes to the intestinal barrier function via their role in regulating paracellular permeability. Myosin light chain II (MLC-2), has been shown to be a critical regulatory protein in altering paracellular permeability during gastrointestinal disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of MLC-2 is a biochemical marker for perijunctional actomyosin ring contraction, which increases paracellular permeability by regulating the apical junctional complex. The phosphorylation of MLC-2 is dominantly regulated by myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) mediated pathways. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of MLCK- and ROCK-mediated pathways in the regulation of the intestinal barrier during normal homeostasis and digestive diseases. Additionally, we will also suggest potential therapeutic targeting of MLCK- and ROCK-associated pathways in gastrointestinal disorders that compromise the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeon Jin
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence:
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Simfia I, Schiavi J, McNamara LM. Alterations in osteocyte mediated osteoclastogenesis during estrogen deficiency and under ROCK-II inhibition: An in vitro study using a novel postmenopausal multicellular niche model. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112005. [PMID: 32330507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to derive an enhanced understanding of the complex intracellular interactions that drive bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. We applied an in-vitro multicellular niche to recapitulate cell-cell signalling between osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts to investigate (1) how estrogen-deficient and mechanically loaded osteocytes regulate osteoclastogenesis and (2) whether ROCK-II inhibition affects these mechanobiological responses. We report that mechanically stimulated and estrogen-deficient osteocytes upregulated RANKL/OPG and M-CSF gene expression, when compared to those treated with 10 nM estradiol. Osteoclast precursors (RAW 264.7) cultured within this niche underwent significant reduction in osteoclastogenic gene expression (CTSK), and there was an increasing trend in the area covered by TRAP+ osteoclasts (24% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.06). Most interestingly, upon treatment with the ROCK-II inhibitor, RANKL/OPG and M-CSF gene expression by estrogen-deficient osteocytes were downregulated. Yet, this inhibition of the pro-osteoclastogenic factors by osteocytes did not ultimately reduce the differentiation of osteoclast precursors. Indeed, TRAP and CTSK gene expressions in osteoclast precursors were upregulated, and there was an increased trend for osteoclast area (30.4% vs. 24%, p = 0.07), which may have been influenced by static osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) that were included in the niche. We conclude that ROCK-II inhibition can attenuate bone loss driven by osteocytes during estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Simfia
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomechanics Research Centre, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Schiavi
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomechanics Research Centre, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomechanics Research Centre, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Lescoat A, Ballerie A, Lelong M, Augagneur Y, Morzadec C, Jouneau S, Jégo P, Fardel O, Vernhet L, Lecureur V. Crystalline Silica Impairs Efferocytosis Abilities of Human and Mouse Macrophages: Implication for Silica-Associated Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:219. [PMID: 32133004 PMCID: PMC7039938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of crystalline silica (SiO2) is a risk factor of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) and fibrotic pulmonary disorders such as silicosis. A defect of apoptotic cell clearance (i.e., efferocytosis, a key process in the resolution of inflammation) is reported in macrophages from patients with fibrotic or autoimmune diseases. However, the precise links between SiO2 exposure and efferocytosis impairment remain to be determined. Answering to this question may help to better link innate immunity and fibrosis. In this study, we first aim to determine whether SiO2 might alter efferocytosis capacities of human and mouse macrophages. We secondly explore possible mechanisms explaining efferocytosis impairment, with a specific focus on macrophage polarization and on the RhoA/ROCK pathway, a key regulator of cytoskeleton remodeling and phagocytosis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and C57BL/6J mice exposed to SiO2 and to CFSE-positive apoptotic Jurkat cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine their efferocytosis index (EI). The effects of ROCK inhibitors (Y27632 and Fasudil) on EI of SiO2-exposed MDM and MDM from SSc patients were evaluated in vitro. Our results demonstrated that SiO2 significantly decreased EI of human MDM in vitro and mouse alveolar macrophages in vivo. In human MDM, this SiO2-associated impairment of efferocytosis, required the expression of the membrane receptor SR-B1 and was associated with a decreased expression of M2 polarization markers (CD206, CD204, and CD163). F-actin staining, RhoA activation and impairment of efferocytosis, all induced by SiO2, were reversed by ROCK inhibitors. Moreover, the EI of MDM from SSc patients was similar to the EI of in vitro- SiO2-exposed MDM and Y27632 significantly increased SSc MDM efferocytosis capacities, suggesting a likewise activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in SSc. Altogether, our results demonstrate that SiO2 exposure may contribute to the impairment of efferocytosis capacities of mouse and human macrophages but also of MDM in SiO2-associated autoimmune diseases and fibrotic disorders such as SSc; in this context, the silica/RhoA/ROCK pathway may constitute a relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Lescoat
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Alice Ballerie
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Lelong
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Yu Augagneur
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Claudie Morzadec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Jégo
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Vernhet
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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Muñoz VR, Gaspar RC, Esteca MV, Baptista IL, Vieira RFL, da Silva ASR, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR. Physical exercise increases ROCK activity in the skeletal muscle of middle-aged rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111213. [PMID: 32032622 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The physical exercise is a potential strategy to control age-related metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose homeostasis, and type 2 diabetes. Rho-kinase (ROCK) increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake through Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1) phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the role of physical exercise in ROCK pathway in the skeletal muscle of Fischer middle-aged rats. Firstly, we observed the ROCK distribution in different skeletal muscle fiber types. ROCK signaling pathway (ROCK1 and ROCK2) and activity (pMYPT1) were higher in the soleus, which was associated with increased insulin signaling pathway (pIR, pIRS1, pPDK, pGSK3β). Middle-aged rats submitted to physical exercise, showed the upregulation of ROCK2 content and normalized RhoA (ROCK activator enzyme) levels in soleus muscle compared with middle-aged sedentary rats. These molecular changes in middle-aged exercised rats were accompanied by higher insulin signaling (pIRS1, pGSK3β, pAS160, GLUT4) in the soleus muscle. Reinforcing these findings, when pharmacological inhibition of ROCK activity was performed (using Y-27632), the insulin signaling pathway and glucose metabolism-related genes (Tpi, Pgk1, Pgam2, Eno3) were decreased in the soleus muscle of exercised rats. In summary, ROCK signaling seems to contribute with whole-body glucose homeostasis (∼50 %) through its higher upregulation in the soleus muscle in middle-aged exercised rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Esteca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Igor Luchini Baptista
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hamano T, Shirafuji N, Yen SH, Yoshida H, Kanaan NM, Hayashi K, Ikawa M, Yamamura O, Fujita Y, Kuriyama M, Nakamoto Y. Rho-kinase ROCK inhibitors reduce oligomeric tau protein. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 89:41-54. [PMID: 31982202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles, one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, consist of highly phosphorylated tau proteins. Tau protein binds to microtubules and is best known for its role in regulating microtubule dynamics. However, if tau protein is phosphorylated by activated major tau kinases, including glycogen synthase kinase 3β or cyclin-dependent kinase 5, or inactivated tau phosphatase, including protein phosphatase 2A, its affinity for microtubules is reduced, and the free tau is believed to aggregate, thereby forming neurofibrillary tangles. We previously reported that pitavastatin decreases the total and phosphorylated tau protein using a cellular model of tauopathy. The reduction of tau was considered to be due to Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition by pitavastatin. ROCK plays important roles to organize the actin cytoskeleton, an expected therapeutic target of human disorders. Several ROCK inhibitors are clinically applied to prevent vasospasm postsubarachnoid hemorrhage (fasudil) and for the treatment of glaucoma (ripasudil). We have examined the effects of ROCK inhibitors (H1152, Y-27632, and fasudil [HA-1077]) on tau protein phosphorylation in detail. A human neuroblastoma cell line (M1C cells) that expresses wild-type tau protein (4R0N) by tetracycline-off (TetOff) induction, primary cultured mouse neurons, and a mouse model of tauopathy (rTG4510 line) were used. The levels of phosphorylated tau and caspase-cleaved tau were reduced by the ROCK inhibitors. Oligomeric tau levels were also reduced by ROCK inhibitors. After ROCK inhibitor treatment, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and caspase were inactivated, protein phosphatase 2A was activated, and the levels of IFN-γ were reduced. ROCK inhibitors activated autophagy and proteasome pathways, which are considered important for the degradation of tau protein. Collectively, these results suggest that ROCK inhibitors represent a viable therapeutic route to reduce the pathogenic forms of tau protein in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Hamano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Department of Aging and Dementia (DAD), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Norimichi Shirafuji
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; Department of Aging and Dementia (DAD), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Yoshida
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Aichi, Japan
| | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kouji Hayashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Youshi Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Neurology Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Duan JS, Chen S, Sun XQ, Du J, Chen ZW. Urotensin-#receptor antagonist SB-706375 protected isolated rat heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating myocardial necrosis via RhoA/ROCK/RIP3 signalling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1309-1318. [PMID: 31168686 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SB-706375 is a selective receptor antagonist of human urotensin-II (hU-II), which can block the aorta contraction induced by hU-II in rats. The effect of SB-706375 on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. The major objective of this study was to investigate whether SB-706375 has a protective effect on myocardial I/R injury in rats and explore its possible mechanisms. Isolated hearts of Adult Sprague-Dawley were perfused in a Langendorff apparatus, and haemodynamic parameters, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), RhoA, and the protein expressions of U-II receptor (UTR), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) were assessed. We found that SB-706375 (1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-5 mol/L) significantly inhibited the changes of haemodynamic parameters and reduced LDH and CK-MB activities and also cTnI level in the coronary effluents in the heart subjected to myocardial I/R injury. Further experiments studies showed that SB-706375 obviously prevented myocardial I/R increased RhoA activity and UTR, RIP3, ROCK1, and ROCK2 protein expressions. ROCK inhibition abolished the improving effect of SB-706375 on myocardial I/R-induced haemodynamic change in the isolated perfused rat heart. These findings suggested that SB-706375 provides cardio-protection against I/R injury in isolated rats by blocking UTR-RhoA/ROCK-RIP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Si Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Tian J, Zhang SH, Ma K, Zhao BY, Yan B, Pei CB, Zhou Y, Wang HH, Wang HY, Ma LH, Zhang XZ. [Rho/ROCK signaling pathway and anti-cryodamage ability of human sperm]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2019; 25:322-328. [PMID: 32216213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway on the anti-cryodamage ability of human sperm and provide some theoretical evidence for the development of high-efficiency semen cryoprotectants. METHODS We collected semen samples from 25 healthy males, each divided into a fresh, a normal cryopreservation control and an Rho-inhibition group. Before and after freezing, we detected sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, morphology, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), acrosomal enzyme activity (AEA) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and determined the expressions of RhoA and ROCK proteins in the sperm by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Compared with the normal cryopreservation control, the frozen-thawed sperm of the Rho-inhibition group showed significantly increased sperm motility ( [51.20 ± 7.70]% vs [57.50 ± 6.83]%, P = 0.002), survival rate ( [52.87 ± 5.07]% vs [60.24 ± 5.53]%, P = 0.001), membrane integrity ([59.78±5.56]% vs [67.10 ± 4.43]%, P = 0.001), percentage of morphologically normal sperm ([4.83 ± 1.11]% vs [7.46 ± 1.28], P = 0.001) and MMP (56.30 ± 4.28 vs 63.11 ± 2.97, P = 0.001), but decreased DFI ([27.64 ± 6.64]% vs [18.87 ± 4.07]%, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the AEA of the frozen-thawed sperm between the control and Rho-inhibition groups (97.65 ± 9.31 vs 98.30 ± 11.33, P > 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining revealed extensive expressions of RhoA and ROCK proteins in the head and neck of the sperm. CONCLUSIONS The Rho/ROCK signaling pathway plays a role in the cryodamage to human sperm, and inhibiting the activity of Rho/ROCK can significantly improve the ability of sperm to resist cryodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tian
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank / Key Laboratory for Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Shao-Hua Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank / Key Laboratory for Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Pei
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank / Key Laboratory for Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank / Key Laboratory for Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hong-Hong Wang
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank / Key Laboratory for Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank / Key Laboratory for Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Liang-Hong Ma
- Ningxia Human Sperm Bank / Key Laboratory for Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xin-Zong Zhang
- Guangdong Human Sperm Bank, Family Planning Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510600, China
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11
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Greathouse KM, Boros BD, Deslauriers JF, Henderson BW, Curtis KA, Gentry EG, Herskowitz JH. Distinct and complementary functions of rho kinase isoforms ROCK1 and ROCK2 in prefrontal cortex structural plasticity. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4227-4241. [PMID: 30196430 PMCID: PMC6252131 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) 1 and 2 are attractive drug targets for a range of neurologic disorders; however, a critical barrier to ROCK-based therapeutics is ambiguity over whether there are isoform-specific roles for ROCKs in neuronal structural plasticity. Here, we used a genetics approach to address this long-standing question by analyzing both male and female adult ROCK1+/- and ROCK2+/- mice compared to littermate controls. Individual pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were targeted for iontophoretic microinjection of fluorescent dye, followed by high-resolution confocal microscopy and neuronal 3D reconstructions for morphometry analysis. Increased apical and basal dendritic length and intersections were observed in ROCK1+/- but not ROCK2+/- mice. Although dendritic spine densities were comparable among genotypes, apical spine length was decreased in ROCK1+/- but increased in ROCK2+/- mice. Spine head and neck diameter were reduced similarly in ROCK1+/- and ROCK2+/- mice; however, certain spine morphologic subclasses were more affected than others in a genotype-dependent manner. Biochemical analyses of ROCK substrates in synaptic fractions revealed that phosphorylation of LIM kinase and cofilin were reduced in ROCK1+/- and ROCK2+/- mice, while phosphorylation of myosin light chain was decreased exclusively in ROCK1+/- mice. Collectively, these observations implicate ROCK1 as a novel regulatory factor of neuronal dendritic structure and detail distinct and complementary roles of ROCKs in mPFC dendritic spine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Greathouse
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Benjamin D Boros
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Josue F Deslauriers
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Benjamin W Henderson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kendall A Curtis
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Erik G Gentry
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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12
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Zhou H, Sun Y, Zhang L, Kang W, Li N, Li Y. The RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via oxidative stress, JNK, and p38MAPK pathways. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3022. [PMID: 29745021 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand the roles of the RhoA/ROCK and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, supplemented with 5.5 or 30 mmol/L D-glucose, in the presence or absence of fasudil (50 or 100 μM), SB203580, SP600125, or PD98059 (10 μM, respectively). The percentage of early apoptotic cardiomyocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry. The superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde contents in the cellular supernatants were measured. The Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK as well as the protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 was analysed by Western blot. RESULTS Fasudil, SB203580, and SP600125 effectively inhibited the HG-induced early apoptosis increase and decreased Bax mRNA expression, the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio, and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in the cardiomyocytes; this was accompanied by upregulation of the Bcl-2 mRNA. Moreover, fasudil markedly increased the superoxide dismutase activity level and suppressed the elevation in HG-induced malondialdehyde content and the phosphorylation of MYPT1, p38MAPK and JNK. CONCLUSIONS The RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via oxidative stress and activation of p38MAPK and JNK in neonatal rats in vitro. Fasudil effectively ameliorates HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and the p38MAPK and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Sun
- Nutriology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyuan Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Institute of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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13
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Moerke C, Mueller P, Nebe JB. Sensing of micropillars by osteoblasts involves complex intracellular signaling. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:171. [PMID: 28956212 PMCID: PMC5617863 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Topographical material surface features are sensed by cells and provoke a large range of cellular responses. We recognized earlier, that at micropillar topographies in the range of 5 µm, the osteoblasts attempt to phagocytize the pillars resulted in increased energy requirements and reduced osteoblast marker expression, e.g., collagen type I and osteocalcin. However, the precise cellular signaling transducing the topographic information into the cell and evoking phagocytic processes remained unknown. Here, we could show that the RhoA/ROCK signaling is involved in the transduction of the topography-mediated cellular reactions. After inhibition of ROCK-2 with Y27632 for 24 h, no caveolae-mediated micropillar assembly of the cell membrane domain component caveolin-1 (Cav-1) was found. ROCK inhibition was also able to attenuate the pillar-induced decrease in β-actin. Interestingly, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition with LY294002 for 24 h did not influence the Cav-1 clustering on micropillars. Our results illustrate the importance of the integrin down-stream signaling of RhoA/ROCK in the recognition of and adaption to surface microtopographies by osteoblasts and extend our understanding about the complex mechanism of action inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moerke
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Petra Mueller
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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14
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Domokos D, Ducza E, Falkay G, Gaspar R. Alteration in expressions of RhoA and Rho-kinases during pregnancy in rats: their roles in uterine contractions and onset of labour. J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 68:439-451. [PMID: 28820400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of RhoA and Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) is known to play a pivotal role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin-light chain and myosin phosphatase. There are few data on the RhoA and ROCKs expression levels in rat uteri. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the mRNA and protein concentration of RhoA and ROCKs in rat uterus during pregnancy, during parturition and post-partum using real time PCR and Western blot analysis. The other purpose was to evaluate the effects of the ROCK (Y-27632, fasudil and RKI 1441) and RhoA inhibitors (simvastatin) on uterine contractility in isolated organ bath experiments. The mRNA and protein levels of RhoA decreased on the 5th day of pregnancy to day 22, then a sharp increase was detected at term. The mRNA and protein concentration of ROCKs was down-regulated in the early stage of pregnancy, while it sharply increased during parturition. The RhoA-inhibitor simvastatin relaxed the uterus contractions, although its inhibitory effects were not followed by the alteration of RhoA. The strongest inhibitory effect of non-selective ROCK inhibitor fasudil was found on non-pregnant uterus, while it elicited milder relaxation on day 22, during parturition and postpartum day 1. The maximum relaxing effects of Y-27632 and RKI 1441 were altered in a proportional way with the target protein expressions. The RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway might be a potential target for the development of new tocolytic agents; however, high specificity to RhoA, ROCK I or ROCK II seems to be fundamental to the high efficacy of uterine relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Domokos
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Ducza
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Falkay
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - R Gaspar
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Wu X, Walker CL, Lu Q, Wu W, Eddelman DB, Parish JM, Xu XM. RhoA/Rho Kinase Mediates Neuronal Death Through Regulating cPLA 2 Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6885-6895. [PMID: 27771900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of RhoA/Rho kinase leads to growth cone collapse and neurite retraction. Although RhoA/Rho kinase inhibition has been shown to improve axon regeneration, remyelination and functional recovery, its role in neuronal cell death remains unclear. To determine whether RhoA/Rho kinase played a role in neuronal death after injury, we investigated the relationship between RhoA/Rho kinase and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), a lipase that mediates inflammation and cell death, using an in vitro neuronal death model and an in vivo contusive spinal cord injury model performed at the 10th thoracic (T10) vertebral level. We found that co-administration of TNF-α and glutamate induced spinal neuron death, and activation of RhoA, Rho kinase and cPLA2. Inhibition of RhoA, Rho kinase and cPLA2 significantly reduced TNF-α/glutamate-induced cell death by 33, 52 and 43 %, respectively (p < 0.001). Inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase also significantly downregulated cPLA2 activation by 66 and 60 %, respectively (p < 0.01). Furthermore, inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase reduced the release of arachidonic acid, a downstream substrate of cPLA2. The immunofluorescence staining showed that ROCK1 or ROCK2, two isoforms of Rho kinase, was co-localized with cPLA2 in neuronal cytoplasm. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay showed that ROCK1 or ROCK2 bonded directly with cPLA2 and phospho-cPLA2. When the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 was applied in mice with T10 contusion injury, it significantly decreased cPLA2 activation and expression and reduced injury-induced apoptosis at and close to the lesion site. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism of RhoA/Rho kinase-mediated neuronal death through regulating cPLA2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, NB 500E, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chandler L Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, NB 500E, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Qingbo Lu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, NB 500E, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, NB 500E, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Daniel B Eddelman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan M Parish
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, NB 500E, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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16
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Compagnucci C, Barresi S, Petrini S, Billuart P, Piccini G, Chiurazzi P, Alfieri P, Bertini E, Zanni G. Rho Kinase Inhibition Is Essential During In Vitro Neurogenesis and Promotes Phenotypic Rescue of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons With Oligophrenin-1 Loss of Function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:860-9. [PMID: 27160703 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Rho-GTPases have relevant functions in various aspects of neuronal development, such as differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Loss of function of the oligophrenin-1 gene (OPHN1) causes X-linked intellectual disability with cerebellar hypoplasia and leads to hyperactivation of the rho kinase (ROCK) pathway. ROCK mainly acts through phosphorylation of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1, triggering actin-myosin contractility. We show that during in vitro neurogenesis, ROCK activity decreases from day 10 until terminal differentiation, whereas in OPHN1-deficient human induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs), the levels of ROCK are elevated throughout differentiation. ROCK inhibition favors neuronal-like appearance of h-iPSCs, in parallel with transcriptional upregulation of nuclear receptor NR4A1, which is known to induce neurite outgrowth. This study analyzed the morphological, biochemical, and functional features of OPHN1-deficient h-iPSCs and their rescue by treatment with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil, shedding light on the relevance of the ROCK pathway during neuronal differentiation and providing a neuronal model for human OPHN1 syndrome and its treatment. SIGNIFICANCE The analysis of the levels of rho kinase (ROCK) activity at different stages of in vitro neurogenesis of human induced pluripotent stem cells reveals that ROCK activity decreases progressively in parallel with the appearance of neuronal-like morphology and upregulation of nuclear receptor NR4A1. These results shed light on the role of the ROCK pathway during early stages of human neurogenesis and provide a neuronal stem cell-based model for the treatment of OPHN1 syndrome and other neurological disorders due to ROCK dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Compagnucci
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Research Laboratories, Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, and Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Department of Genetic and Development, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Giorgia Piccini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Institute of Human and Medical Genetics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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17
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Zhang H, Liu L, Yu Y, Sun Z, Liang Y, Yu Y. [Role of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the protective effects of hydrogen against acute lung injury in septic mice]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2016; 28:401-406. [PMID: 29920028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the protective effects of hydrogen gas (H2) on acute lung injury (ALI) in a mouse model of sepsis. METHODS Eighty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n =20 per group):sham surgery group,H2 control group (sham + H2 inhalation),sepsis model group and H2 treatment group (sepsis + H2 inhalation).The mouse model of sepsis was created by cecal ligation puncture (CLP),and the mice in sham surgery group didn't undergo cecal ligation and puncture.The mice in the H2 inhalation groups received inhalation of 2% H2 for 1 hour at 1 hour and 6 hours after CLP or sham surgery,respectively.Ten mice in each group were selected and subjected to Evans blue (EB) test to evaluate the pulmonary endothelial permeability at 24 hours after CLP operation.The rest of 10 mice in each group were sacrificed at 24 hours after CLP operation,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for the measurement of protein concentration,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) content,and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)counts.The lung tissues were obtained to determine the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),the wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D) was calculated,the lung pathological changes in hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained sections were evaluated under a light microscope,the activity of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway and expression of zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1) were detected by Western Blot,and the distribution and expression of ZO-1 were also examined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS There was no statistical difference in the above indexes between the sham surgery group and the H2 control group.Compared with the sham surgery group,the sepsis group demonstrated significant increases in the concentrations of protein, TNF-α,IL-1 β and PMN counts in BALF, the lung EB and MDA content, W/D ratio, the ratio of Rho-GTP/total Rho,the expressions of ROCK1 and ROCK2,the ratio of phosphorylated-myosine phosphatae targeting subunit 1 (p-MYPT1)/MYPT1,and significant decreases in the lung SOD activity and ZO-1 expression. Compared with the sepsis group, the H2 treatment group showed statistically significant decreases in the concentrations of protein, TNF-α,IL-1 β,PMN counts in BALF [protein (g/L):3.12 ± 0.33 vs.6.37±0.56,TNF-o(ng/L):128.45± 17.33 vs.563.83±61.72,IL-1β (ng/L):75.76± 14.35 vs.245.52±30.56,PMN counts (× 105/L):7.46± 1.34 vs.18.55± 5.73],and permeability of lung [EB concentration (μg/g):73.33±6.98vs.144.83± 12.38],the lung MDA content (mmol/g:3.66±0.53 vs.6.04± 1.13),the lung W/D ratio (5.02± 0.34 vs.7.26 ±0.56),the ratio of Rho-GTP/total Rho, the expressions of ROCK1 and ROCK2,the ratio of p-MYPT1/MYPT1 [Rho-GTP/total Rho:(43.12 ± 4.69)% vs.(68.82± 5.44)%,ROCK1 (gray value):2.42 ± 0.42 vs.6.03 ± 0.64,ROCK2(gray value):2.56± 0.52 vs.4.85 ± 0.53,p-MYPT1/MYPT1:(57.83 ± 8.67)% vs.(112.50± 13.43)%],and statistically significant increases in the lung SOD activity (kU/g:18.58± 1.68 vs.13.31±2.20) as well as the expression of ZO-1 (gray value:0.61 ± 0.07 vs.0.32 ± 0.06,fluorescence intensity:0.77 ± 0.06 vs.0.54 ± 0.05;all P < 0.05). Moreover, lung HE staining showed that there were obvious lung injuries in the sepsis group which were alleviated in the H2 treatment group. CONCLUSION H2 could improve endothelial permeability and suppress inflammation and oxidative stress to alleviate ALI in septic mice through inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Seo J, Cho DH, Lee HJ, Sung MS, Lee JY, Won KJ, Park JH, Jo I. Citron Rho-interacting kinase mediates arsenite-induced decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by increasing phosphorylation at threonine 497: Mechanism underlying arsenite-induced vascular dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:133-44. [PMID: 26593676 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We reported that arsenite causes an acute decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production by increasing phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at threonine 497 (eNOS-Thr(497)); however, the detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified. Here, we investigated the kinase involving in arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. Although treatment with H-89, a known protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, inhibited arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation, no inhibition was found in cells treated with other PKA inhibitors, including Rp-8-Br-cAMPS or PKI. Based on previous reports, we also tested whether RhoA mediates arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation and found that arsenite causes an acute increase in RhoA activity. Ectopic expression of dominant negative (DN)-RhoA significantly reversed arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. An in vitro phosphorylation assay also revealed that the well-known Rho effectors, Rho-associated protein kinase 1/2 (ROCK1/2), directly phosphorylate eNOS-Thr(497). Y27632, a selective ROCK inhibitor, reversed arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. However, overexpression of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against ROCK1/2 or DN-ROCK did not reverse arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation, thereby providing no conclusive evidence of a role for ROCK1/2. Knockdown of PKC-related protein kinase 1/2, another Rho effector, also did not reverse arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. In contrast, we found that transfection with an siRNA against citron Rho-interacting kinase (CRIK), the other downstream effector of Rho, significantly reversed the arsenite-induced eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation that was accompanied by restoration of eNOS enzymatic activity repressed by arsenite. Moreover, CRIK directly phosphorylated eNOS-Thr(497)in vitro. Finally, we also found that arsenite increased eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation and decreased acetylcholine-induced vessel relaxation in rat aortas. In conclusion, we demonstrate that arsenite acutely inhibits eNOS enzymatic activity and vessel relaxation in part by increasing the RhoA/CRIK/eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation signaling axis, which provides a molecular mechanism underlying arsenite-induced impaired vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Seo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Du-Hyong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-746, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Sung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea.
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Tashiro H, Kuroda S, Mikuriya Y, Ohdan H. Ischemia–reperfusion injury in patients with fatty liver and the clinical impact of steatotic liver on hepatic surgery. Surg Today 2015; 44:1611-25. [PMID: 24078000 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is one of the most common hepatic disorders in developed countries. The epidemic of obesity in developed countries has increased with its attendant complications, including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Steatotic livers are particularly vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury, resulting in an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality after liver surgery, including liver transplantation. There is growing understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for treating ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients with steatotic livers. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of steatotic livers to ischemia/reperfusion injuries, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and signal transduction alterations, and summarizes the clinical impact of steatotic livers in the setting of hepatic resection and liver transplantation. This review also describes potential therapeutic approaches, such as ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning, to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients with steatotic livers. Other approaches, including machine perfusion, are also under clinical investigation; however, many pharmacological approaches developed through basic research are not yet suitable for clinical application.
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20
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Calò LA, Davis PA, Pagnin E, Maiolino G. Rho kinase, oxidative stress, ACE2/Ang 1-7 and lung fibrosis. Minerva Med 2015; 106:182-183. [PMID: 26057194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Calò
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Padua, Padua, Italy -
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Zhou X, Wang S, Wang Z, Feng X, Liu P, Lv XB, Li F, Yu FX, Sun Y, Yuan H, Zhu H, Xiong Y, Lei QY, Guan KL. Estrogen regulates Hippo signaling via GPER in breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2123-35. [PMID: 25893606 DOI: 10.1172/jci79573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates both the genomic and nongenomic effects of estrogen and has been implicated in breast cancer development. Here, we compared GPER expression in cancerous tissue and adjacent normal tissue in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and determined that GPER is highly upregulated in cancerous cells. Additionally, our studies revealed that GPER stimulation activates yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ), 2 homologous transcription coactivators and key effectors of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, via the Gαq-11, PLCβ/PKC, and Rho/ROCK signaling pathways. TAZ was required for GPER-induced gene transcription, breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, and tumor growth. Moreover, TAZ expression positively correlated with GPER expression in human IDC specimens. Together, our results suggest that the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway is a key downstream signaling branch of GPER and plays a critical role in breast tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/physiopathology
- Cell Division
- Cell Movement
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Estrogens/physiology
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/antagonists & inhibitors
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hippo Signaling Pathway
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/physiopathology
- Phospholipase C beta/physiology
- Phosphoproteins/physiology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase C/physiology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/analysis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Serine-Threonine Kinase 3
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- rho-Associated Kinases/physiology
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22
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Miron-Mendoza M, Graham E, Kivanany P, Quiring J, Petroll WM. The Role of Thrombin and Cell Contractility in Regulating Clustering and Collective Migration of Corneal Fibroblasts in Different ECM Environments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:2079-90. [PMID: 25736789 PMCID: PMC4373543 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that extracellular matrix composition (fibrin versus collagen) modulates the pattern of corneal fibroblast spreading and migration in 3-D culture. In this study, we investigate the role of thrombin and cell contractility in mediating these differences in cell behavior. METHODS To assess cell spreading, corneal fibroblasts were plated on top of fibrillar collagen and fibrin matrices. To assess 3-dimensional cell migration, compacted collagen matrices seeded with corneal fibroblasts were embedded inside acellular collagen or fibrin matrices. Constructs were cultured in serum-free media containing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), with or without thrombin, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, and/or the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin. We used 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional imaging to assess cell mechanical behavior, connectivity and cytoskeletal organization. RESULTS Thrombin stimulated increased contractility of corneal fibroblasts. Thrombin also induced Rho kinase-dependent clustering of cells plated on top of compliant collagen matrices, but not on rigid substrates. In contrast, cells on fibrin matrices coalesced into clusters even when Rho kinase was inhibited. In nested matrices, cells always migrated independently through collagen, even in the presence of thrombin. In contrast, cells migrating into fibrin formed an interconnected network. Both Y-27632 and blebbistatin reduced the migration rate in fibrin, but cells continued to migrate collectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that while thrombin-induced actomyosin contraction can induce clustering of fibroblasts plated on top of compliant collagen matrices, it does not induce collective cell migration inside 3-D collagen constructs. Furthermore, increased contractility is not required for clustering or collective migration of corneal fibroblasts interacting with fibin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Miron-Mendoza
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Eric Graham
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Pouriska Kivanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jonathan Quiring
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Luo W, Liu CT, Yang QH, Yu Q, Wang T. New angle of view on the role of rho/rho kinase pathway in human diseases. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 13:378-395. [PMID: 25148796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rho-kinase is an effector molecule of RhoA, a monomeric GTP-binding protein, and causes Ca2+ sensitization through inactivation of myosin phosphatase. The major physiological functions of Rho/Rho-kinase cascade include contraction, proliferation and migration in cells.There are some excellent reviews about Rho/Rho-kinase signal pathway, most of which focus on the specific proteins of the pathway including some upstream regulators and its final effects. But few articles cover signal pathways that can activate the signaling concerned, and/or the pathways that Rho/Rho-kinase can exactly activate. This review hence highlights the two questions after a profound survey of published literatures. Rho/Rho-kinase can exert positive feedback with just another kinase/signal transducers and activator of transcription, receptor tyrosine kinase signal pathways, even reactive oxygen species, which seem to comprise certain signal loops. The authors also presume, accordingly, that the positive feedback suggests a possible reason for exacerbation of some kind of inflammatory diseases including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, etc. This essay, therefore, provides a new angle of view for the therapy of these kinds of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Chun-tao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Qiu-hong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the 7th People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Electroencephalogram, The People's Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, PR China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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24
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Yang YJ, Dong QT, Wang TJ, Qian HY, Li N, Wang XM, Jin C. Atorvastatin treatment improves the effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on acute myocardial infarction: the role of the RhoA/ROCK/ERK pathway. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:670-9. [PMID: 25139321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins protect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against the harsh microenvironment and improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, the mechanism remains uncertain. Furthermore, the transdifferentiation potential of MSCs in the post-infarct heart remains highly controversial. The RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming kinase (ROCK) pathway participates in many aspects of the damaged heart after AMI and related to the "pleiotropic" effects of statins. This study aimed to explore whether atorvastatin (ATV) facilitates the survival and therapeutic efficacy of MSCs via the inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway and subsequently its downstream molecular extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), and to investigate the transdifferentiation potential of MSCs in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Female rats received myocardial injections of male rat MSCs 30 min after AMI. Four weeks after AMI, ATV combined with MSC treatment resulted in improved cardiac function and reduced infarct area. ATV facilitated the MSC survival, as revealed by the increased expression of Y chromosomal genes and the increased number of Y chromosome-positive cells; however, no transdifferentiation markers were observed. ATV inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines both in vitro and vivo, accompanied by suppression of ROCK and ERK activities. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) abrogated the effects of ATV in the H9c2 cells under hypoxia/serum deprivation (H/SD), while the ROCK inhibitor fasudil mimicked the benefits of ATV after AMI. CONCLUSIONS ATV improves the post-infarct microenvironment via RhoA/ROCK/ERK inhibition and thus facilitates the survival and efficacy of implanted MSCs. Transdifferentiation may be not responsible for the cardiac benefits that follow MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Ting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Tian-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Xi-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, PR China
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25
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Gogebakan B, Bayraktar R, Suner A, Balakan O, Ulasli M, Izmirli M, Oztuzcu S, Camci C. Do fasudil and Y-27632 affect the level of transient receptor potential (TRP) gene expressions in breast cancer cell lines? Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8033-41. [PMID: 24839003 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer type in women, and the mortality rate is high especially in metastatic disease. Ion channels such as the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels correlate with malignant growth and cancer progression. Hence, some authors have suggested that the expression levels of TRP channels may be used as a marker in the diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of BC. Also, in some recent studies, targeting TRP channels are suggested as a novel treatment strategy in BC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors, fasudil and Y-27632, on the expression levels of TRP channel genes in breast cancer cell lines (ZR-75-1, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231) and breast epithelial cell line (hTERT-HME1). The expression levels of TRP genes were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We found that fasudil had reduced the TRPC1, TRPV2 expression levels in the ZR-75-1, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. On the other hand, fasudil and Y-27632 had reduced TRPM6 expression levels in all cell lines. Y-27632 increased the expression levels of TRPC7 in all cell lines. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating that the inhibition of ROCK pathway changes the expression levels of some TRP genes. Also, our study has firstly shown that the expression levels of the TRP genes which are suggested as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in BC, were changed with the treatment of fasudil and Y-27632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Gogebakan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, 31034, Turkey,
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Martin E, Harel S, Nkengfac B, Hamiche K, Neault M, Jenna S. pix-1 controls early elongation in parallel with mel-11 and let-502 in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94684. [PMID: 24732978 PMCID: PMC3986101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell shape changes are crucial for metazoan development. During Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis, epidermal cell shape changes transform ovoid embryos into vermiform larvae. This process is divided into two phases: early and late elongation. Early elongation involves the contraction of filamentous actin bundles by phosphorylated non-muscle myosin in a subset of epidermal (hypodermal) cells. The genes controlling early elongation are associated with two parallel pathways. The first one involves the rho-1/RHOA-specific effector let-502/Rho-kinase and mel-11/myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit. The second pathway involves the CDC42/RAC-specific effector pak-1. Late elongation is driven by mechanotransduction in ventral and dorsal hypodermal cells in response to body-wall muscle contractions, and involves the CDC42/RAC-specific Guanine-nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) pix-1, the GTPase ced-10/RAC and pak-1. In this study, pix-1 is shown to control early elongation in parallel with let-502/mel-11, as previously shown for pak-1. We show that pix-1, pak-1 and let-502 control the rate of elongation, and the antero-posterior morphology of the embryos. In particular, pix-1 and pak-1 are shown to control head, but not tail width, while let-502 controls both head and tail width. This suggests that let-502 function is required throughout the antero-posterior axis of the embryo during early elongation, while pix-1/pak-1 function may be mostly required in the anterior part of the embryo. Supporting this hypothesis we show that low pix-1 expression level in the dorsal-posterior hypodermal cells is required to ensure high elongation rate during early elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sharon Harel
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Nkengfac
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karim Hamiche
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Neault
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Jenna
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Dormant carcinoma cancer cells showing epithelial characteristics can be activated to dissipate into the surrounding tissue or organs through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the molecular details underlying the activation of dormant cancer cells have been less explored. In this study, we examined the molecular pathway to activate dormant breast cancer cells. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition disrupted cell junction, promoted cell proliferation and migration / invasion in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional substrates. The disintegration of cell junction upon ROCK inhibition, coupled with the loss of E-cadherin and b-catenin from the cell membrane, was associated with the activation of Rac1 upon ROCK inhibition. Migration / invasion also increased upon ROCK inhibition. However, the activation of MCF-7 cells upon ROCK inhibition was not associated with the up-regulation of typical EMT markers, such as snail and slug. Based on these results, we suggest the potential risk for dormant cancer cells to dissipate through non-typical EMT when ROCK activity is down-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Yang
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Man Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Amin E, Dubey BN, Zhang SC, Gremer L, Dvorsky R, Moll JM, Taha MS, Nagel-Steger L, Piekorz RP, Somlyo AV, Ahmadian MR. Rho-kinase: regulation, (dys)function, and inhibition. Biol Chem 2014; 394:1399-410. [PMID: 23950574 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a variety of normal and pathological cell types, Rho-kinases I and II (ROCKI/II) play a pivotal role in the organization of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle cytoskeleton and adhesion plaques as well as in the regulation of transcription factors. Thus, ROCKI/II activity regulates cellular contraction, motility, morphology, polarity, cell division, and gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the Rho-ROCK pathways at different stages is linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. This review focuses on the current status of understanding the multiple functions of Rho-ROCK signaling pathways and various modes of regulation of Rho-ROCK activity, thereby orchestrating a concerted functional response.
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Ariyoshi W, Okinaga T, Knudson CB, Knudson W, Nishihara T. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid regulates osteoclast formation by inhibiting receptor activator of NF-κB ligand through Rho kinase. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:111-20. [PMID: 24185105 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) on osteoclast differentiation by monocytes co-cultured with stromal cells. METHODS Mouse bone marrow stromal cell line ST2 cells were incubated with HMW-HA or 4-methylunbeliferone (4-MU) for various times. In some experiments, cells were pre-treated with the anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody (CD44 mAb) or Rho kinase pathway inhibitors (simvastatin or Y27632), then treated with HMW-HA. The expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) was determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy, while the amount of active RhoA was measured by a pull-down assay. To further clarify the role of HMW-HA in osteoclastogenesis, mouse monocyte RAW 264.7 cells were co-cultured with ST2 cells pre-stimulated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Osteoclast-like cells were detected by staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). RESULTS HMW-HA decreased RANKL mRNA and protein expressions, whereas inhibition of hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis by 4-MU enhanced RANKL expression. Blockage of HA-CD44 binding by CD44 mAb suppressed HMW-HA-mediated inhibition of RANKL. Pull-down assay findings also revealed that HMW-HA transiently activated RhoA in ST2 cells and pre-treatment with CD44 mAb inhibited the activation of RhoA protein mediated by HMW-HA. Moreover pre-treatment with Rho kinase pathway inhibitors also blocked the inhibition of RANKL by HMW-HA. Co-culture system results showed that HMW-HA down-regulated differentiation into osteoclast-like cells by RAW 264.7 cells induced by 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated ST2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that HA-CD44 interactions down-regulate RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis via activation of the Rho kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - T Okinaga
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - C B Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - W Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - T Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Mita M, Tanaka H, Yanagihara H, Nakagawa JI, Hishinuma S, Sutherland C, Walsh MP, Shoji M. Membrane depolarization-induced RhoA/Rho-associated kinase activation and sustained contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle involves genistein-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation. J Smooth Muscle Res 2013; 49:26-45. [PMID: 24133693 PMCID: PMC5137315 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.49.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinase (ROK) activation plays an important role in K+-induced
contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle (Mita et al., Biochem J. 2002; 364:
431–40). The present study investigated a potential role for tyrosine kinase activity in
K+-induced RhoA activation and contraction. The non-selective tyrosine kinase
inhibitor genistein, but not the src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2, inhibited
K+-induced sustained contraction (IC50 = 11.3 ± 2.4 µM). Genistein
(10 µM) inhibited the K+-induced increase in myosin light chain
(LC20) phosphorylation without affecting the Ca2+ transient. The
tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate induced contraction that was reversed by genistein
(IC50 = 6.5 ± 2.3 µM) and the ROK inhibitor Y-27632 (IC50 = 0.27 ±
0.04 µM). Vanadate also increased LC20 phosphorylation in a genistein- and
Y-27632-dependent manner. K+ stimulation induced translocation of RhoA to the
membrane, which was inhibited by genistein. Phosphorylation of MYPT1 (myosin-targeting
subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase) was significantly increased at Thr855 and
Thr697 by K+ stimulation in a genistein- and Y-27632-sensitive manner. Finally,
K+ stimulation induced genistein-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation of
proteins of ∼55, 70 and 113 kDa. We conclude that a genistein-sensitive tyrosine kinase,
activated by the membrane depolarization-induced increase in
[Ca2+]i, is involved in the RhoA/ROK activation and sustained
contraction induced by K+. Ca2+ sensitization, myosin light chain
phosphatase, RhoA, Rho-associated kinase, tyrosine kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Mita
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Hayato Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Masaru Shoji
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
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Wen S, Shang Z, Zhu S, Chang C, Niu Y. Androgen receptor enhances entosis, a non-apoptotic cell death, through modulation of Rho/ROCK pathway in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:1306-15. [PMID: 23775364 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-in-cell phenomenon has been found for more than a century. Entosis, which is a newly found homogeneous cell-in-cell phenomenon and a non-apoptosis cell death progress, has unclear function in prostate cancer progression. Here, we dissected mechanism of AR signaling related to entosis incidence in PCa progression. METHODS Two stable PCa cell lines, named LNCaP-ARsi and C4-2-ARsi were established with stably transfected AR-shRNA to knockdown AR mRNA expression in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, respectively. PC3-AR9 cell line was also established after stably transfecting full-length AR-cDNA into PC3 cells. All these cells were cultured in poly-HEME-coated plates to induce entosis, which is demonstrated via double staining. RESULTS Androgen-DHT could enhance entosis in LNCaP, C4-2 and PC3-AR9 PCa cells in a dose dependent manner. Knock-down of AR in LNCaP and C4-2 significantly suppressed entosis as compared to LNCaP-ARsc and C4-2-ARsc cells at both 1 and 10 nM DHT condition (P < 0.05). And suppression of Rho/ROCK expression resulted in interruption of AR-mediated entosis. Human PCa samples surveys demonstrated that entosis was found only in CRPC but not in BPH and ADPC where AR was less expressed as compared to CRPC. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that AR might play a negative role during PCa progression via influencing entosis by modulating Rho/ROCK pathway. This newly identified AR role of enhancing entosis might help us to better understand the multiple and opposite roles of AR, which could either promote or suppress PCa cell progression via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wen
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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32
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Chen ZY, Yao WJ. [Role of Rho/ROCK in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2013; 44:269-274. [PMID: 24228518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from media to intima is a critical step in the formation of atheroma and vascular stenosis as well as in the restenosis after vascular intervention. As an important downstream effector of RhoA, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) plays an important role in VSMC migration and vascular remodeling by regulating actin filament cytoskeleton and focal adhesion. There are many bioactive substances such as aldosterone, sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and angiotensin II (Ang II) that could induce VSMC migration through Rho/ROCK pathway by binding to their specific receptors. Studies on Rho/ROCK pathway could help us to better understand how cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Zhou Z, Guo F, Dou Y, Tang J, Huan J. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 signaling is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Surgery 2013; 154:621-31. [PMID: 23859306 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to the pathologic increase of vascular leakage under septic conditions. However, the mechanisms behind LPS-induced vascular hyperpermeability remain incompletely understood. In this study, we tested hypothesis that guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) signaling might be a key pathway involved in endothelial cells (ECs) barrier dysfunction. METHODS The roles of GEF-H1 signaling pathway in LPS-induced ECs barrier dysfunction were accessed by Evans blue dye-labeled albumin (EB-albumin) leak across the human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) monolayers and Western blot assays. Furthermore, the effect of GEF-H1 signaling on LPS-induced alteration of cytoskeletal proteins and disruption of cell-cell junctions were analyzed by immunofluorescent analysis and Western blot assays, respectively. RESULTS We found that LPS could rapidly activated GEF-H1/RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway in ECs. The LPS-mediated increase in EB-albumin flux across human HUVECs monolayers could be prevented by GEF-H1 depletion or ROCK inactivation. ECs permeability is controlled by actin filaments and cell-cell contact protein complexes. Actin stress fiber formation and/or cell-cell contact proteins loss cause vascular barrier disruption. Here, GEF-H1 knockdown or ROCK inactivation both not only significantly inhibited LPS-induced actin stress fiber formation, phosphorylation of myosin light chain, and myosin-associated phosphatase type 1, but also suppressed LPS-induced loss of occludin, claudin-1, and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in ECs, which suggested that LPS-induced stress fiber formation and cell-cell junctions disruption were closely associated with GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK signaling activation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK pathway in ECs plays an important role in LPS-mediated alteration of cell morphology and disruption of cell-cell junctions, consequently regulate LPS-induced vascular permeability dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengding Zhou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Kodama A, Itoh T, Komori K. Possible roles of 5-HT in vein graft failure due to intimal hyperplasia 5-HT, nitric oxide and vein graft. Surg Today 2013; 44:213-8. [PMID: 23532320 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-013-0555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For vascular occlusive disease, an autologous vein graft is the most suitable conduit for arterial reconstruction. Intimal hyperplasia, resulting from the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, is a major obstacle to patency after vein grafting. The degree to which the function of nitric oxide (NO) in the vein graft is preserved has been reported to be associated with the magnitude of intimal hyperplasia. Serotonin (5-HT) is released from platelets in the vascular system and plays physiological roles in controlling the vascular tone. The subtype receptors contributing to the 5-HT-induced mechanical responses vary by vessel type (artery and vein) and among species (dogs, rabbits, rats, and so on). Recent studies have demonstrated that 5-HT induces vasoconstriction through the activation of 5-HT2A receptors in smooth muscle cells or vasodilatation through the activation of endothelial 5-HT1B receptors in arteries from various animals. However, the effects of 5-HT have not been clarified in grafted veins. We herein demonstrate the responses to 5-HT in un-operated veins and then autogenous vein grafts. Next, we describe the effects of chronic in vivo administration of Rho-kinase inhibitors and 5-HT2A receptor antagonists, both of which reduce the 5-HT-induced contraction and intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts. Further studies targeting 5-HT are required to evaluate its possible benefits for autologous vein grafts with respect to vasospasm, function, and patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kodama
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan,
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Wu BQ, Bi ZG, Qi Q. Inactivation of the Rho-ROCK signaling pathway to promote neurologic recovery after spinal cord injuries in rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013; 126:3723-3727. [PMID: 24112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After injury, axonal regeneration of the adult central nervous system (CNS) is inhibited by myelin-derived growth-suppressing proteins. These axonal growth inhibitory proteins are mediated via activation of Rho, a small GTP-binding protein. The activated form of Rho, which is bound to GTP, is the direct activator of Rho kinase (ROCK) through serial downstream effector proteins to inhibit axonal regeneration. The objective of this study was to observe the therapeutic effect of inactivation of the Rho-ROCK signaling pathway to promote neurologic recovery after spinal cord injuries in rats. METHODS One hundred and twenty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Laminectomies alone were conducted in 40 rats in the sham group. Laminectomies and spinal cord transections were performed in 40 rats in the control group (treated with normal saline administered intraperitoneally). Laminectomies and spinal cord transections were performed in 40 rats in the fasudil-treated group (treated with fasudil administered intraperitoneally). Neurologic recovery was evaluated before surgery and 3 days, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale of hind limb movement. At the same time, the expression of RhoA mRNA was determined with RT-PCR. Histopathologic examinations and immunofluorescence staining of NF were performed 1 month after surgery. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the BBB scores of the fasudil-treated group were significantly increased and the expression of RhoA mRNA was significantly decreased. In the fasudil-treated group, a large number of NF-positive regenerating fibers was observed; some fibers crossed the slit of the lesion. CONCLUSION Inactivation of the Rho-ROCK signaling pathway promotes CNS axonal regeneration and neurologic recovery after spinal cord injuries in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-qi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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36
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Tönges L, Frank T, Tatenhorst L, Saal KA, Koch JC, Szegő ÉM, Bähr M, Weishaupt JH, Lingor P. Inhibition of rho kinase enhances survival of dopaminergic neurons and attenuates axonal loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain 2012; 135:3355-70. [PMID: 23087045 PMCID: PMC3501973 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is one of the earliest features of Parkinson's disease pathology, which is followed by neuronal death in the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain. Inhibition of axonal degeneration combined with cellular neuroprotection therefore seem key to targeting an early stage in Parkinson's disease progression. Based on our previous studies in traumatic and neurodegenerative disease models, we have identified rho kinase as a molecular target that can be manipulated to disinhibit axonal regeneration and improve survival of lesioned central nervous system neurons. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective potential of pharmacological rho kinase inhibition mediated by fasudil in the in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium cell culture model and in the subchronic in vivo 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Application of fasudil resulted in a significant attenuation of dopaminergic cell loss in both paradigms. Furthermore, dopaminergic terminals were preserved as demonstrated by analysis of neurite network in vitro, striatal fibre density and by neurochemical analysis of the levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. Behavioural tests demonstrated a clear improvement in motor performance after fasudil treatment. The Akt survival pathway was identified as an important molecular mediator for neuroprotective effects of rho kinase inhibition in our paradigm. We conclude that inhibition of rho kinase using the clinically approved small molecule inhibitor fasudil may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
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MESH Headings
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/analogs & derivatives
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/pharmacology
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/therapeutic use
- 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/toxicity
- Animals
- Axons/drug effects
- Axons/pathology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/enzymology
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Dopaminergic Neurons/physiology
- MPTP Poisoning/drug therapy
- MPTP Poisoning/enzymology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nerve Degeneration/chemically induced
- Nerve Degeneration/drug therapy
- Nerve Degeneration/enzymology
- Neurites/pathology
- Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/enzymology
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Substantia Nigra/drug effects
- Substantia Nigra/enzymology
- rho-Associated Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- rho-Associated Kinases/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tönges
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Frank
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kim A. Saal
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan C. Koch
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Éva M. Szegő
- 2 Cluster of Excellence “Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain” (CNMPB), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- 3 Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- 2 Cluster of Excellence “Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain” (CNMPB), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Paul Lingor
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- 2 Cluster of Excellence “Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain” (CNMPB), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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37
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Seto M. [Development of Rho kinase inhibitors for pulmonary arterial hypertension]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 139:251-255. [PMID: 22728987 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.139.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Lock FE, Ryan KR, Poulter NS, Parsons M, Hotchin NA. Differential regulation of adhesion complex turnover by ROCK1 and ROCK2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31423. [PMID: 22348083 PMCID: PMC3278444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ROCK1 and ROCK2 are serine/threonine kinases that function downstream of the small GTP-binding protein RhoA. Rho signalling via ROCK regulates a number of cellular functions including organisation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and cell migration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we use RNAi to specifically knockdown ROCK1 and ROCK2 and analyse their role in assembly of adhesion complexes in human epidermal keratinocytes. We observe that loss of ROCK1 inhibits signalling via focal adhesion kinase resulting in a failure of immature adhesion complexes to form mature stable focal adhesions. In contrast, loss of ROCK2 expression results in a significant reduction in adhesion complex turnover leading to formation of large, stable focal adhesions. Interestingly, loss of either ROCK1 or ROCK2 expression significantly impairs cell migration indicating both ROCK isoforms are required for normal keratinocyte migration. CONCLUSIONS ROCK1 and ROCK2 have distinct and separate roles in adhesion complex assembly and turnover in human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E. Lock
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Katie R. Ryan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S. Poulter
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Hotchin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Li Q, Du J, Chen B, Li Q, Huang X, Guo X, Huang Q. Advanced glycation end products induce moesin phosphorylation in murine retinal endothelium. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49:47-55. [PMID: 21327982 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increase in vascular permeability is the most important pathological event during the development of diabetic retinopathy. Deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) plays a crucial role in the process of diabetes. This study was to investigate the role of moesin and its underlying signal transduction in retinal vascular hyper-permeability induced by AGE-modified mouse serum albumin (AGE-MSA). Female C57BL/6 mice were used to produce an AGE-treated model by intraperitoneal administration of AGE-MSA for seven consecutive days. The inner blood-retinal barrier was quantified by Evans blue leakage assay. Endothelial F-actin cytoskeleton in retinal vasculature was visualized by fluorescence probe staining. The expression and phosphorylation of moesin in retinal vessels were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting. Further studies were performed to explore the effects of Rho kinase (ROCK) and p38 MAPK pathway on the involvement of moesin in AGE-induced retinal vascular hyper-permeability response. Treatment with AGE-MSA significantly increased the permeability of the retinal microvessels and induced the disorganization of F-actin in retinal vascular endothelial cells. The threonine (T558) phosphorylation of moesin in retinal vessels was enhanced remarkably after AGE administration. The phosphorylation of moesin was attenuated by inhibitions of ROCK and p38 MAPK, while this treatment also prevented the dysfunction of inner blood-retinal barrier and the reorganization of F-actin in retinal vascular endothelial cells. These results demonstrate that moesin is involved in AGE-induced retinal vascular endothelial dysfunction and the phosphorylation of moesin is triggered via ROCK and p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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40
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Seto M, Asano T. [Rho-kinase inhibitors]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2011; 138:112-116. [PMID: 21908938 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.138.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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41
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Si YH, Niu CY, Zhao ZG. [The Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway and vessels contraction]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2011; 42:311-313. [PMID: 22066427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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42
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Samuel MS, Lopez JI, McGhee EJ, Croft DR, Strachan D, Timpson P, Munro J, Schröder E, Zhou J, Brunton VG, Barker N, Clevers H, Sansom OJ, Anderson KI, Weaver VM, Olson MF. Actomyosin-mediated cellular tension drives increased tissue stiffness and β-catenin activation to induce epidermal hyperplasia and tumor growth. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:776-91. [PMID: 21665151 PMCID: PMC3115541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumors and associated stroma manifest mechanical properties that promote cancer. Mechanosensation of tissue stiffness activates the Rho/ROCK pathway to increase actomyosin-mediated cellular tension to re-establish force equilibrium. To determine how actomyosin tension affects tissue homeostasis and tumor development, we expressed conditionally active ROCK2 in mouse skin. ROCK activation elevated tissue stiffness via increased collagen. β-catenin, a key element of mechanotranscription pathways, was stabilized by ROCK activation leading to nuclear accumulation, transcriptional activation, and consequent hyperproliferation and skin thickening. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility by blocking LIMK or myosin ATPase attenuated these responses, as did FAK inhibition. Tumor number, growth, and progression were increased by ROCK activation, while ROCK blockade was inhibitory, implicating actomyosin-mediated cellular tension and consequent collagen deposition as significant tumor promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose I Lopez
- Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ewan J McGhee
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel R Croft
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - June Munro
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Jing Zhou
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh EH4 2X9, UK
| | | | - Nick Barker
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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Xie H, Xue YX, Liu LB, Liu YH, Wang P. Role of RhoA/ROCK signaling in endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide II opening of the blood-tumor barrier: role of RhoA/ROCK signaling in EMAP II opening of the BTB. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 46:666-76. [PMID: 21647708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential for RhoA/ROCK signaling to play a role in endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide (EMAP) II-induced increase in blood-tumor barrier (BTB) permeability in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs). In the present study, we used an in vitro BTB model, a RhoA inhibitor (C3 exoenzyme) and a ROCK inhibitor (Y27632) to determine whether RhoA/ROCK pathway play a role in the process of TJ disassembly, stress fiber formation, MLC and cofilin phosphorylation, as well as increase of BTB permeability induced by EMAP II. The results revealed that BTB permeability was increased by EMAP II induction, and C3 exoenzyme or Y27632 could partially inhibit the EMAP II-induced increase of BTB permeability. The significant down-regulations in tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1 and stress fiber formation by EMAP II administration were observed, which were partly prevented by C3 exoenzyme or Y27632 pretreatment. Moreover, the significant increases in RhoA activity, myosin light chain (MLC) and cofilin phosphorylation by EMAP II administration were observed, MLC and cofilin phosphorylation were partly inhibited by C3 exoenzyme or Y27632 pretreatment. The present study demonstrates that the activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling in RBMECs was required for the increase of BTB permeability and these effects are related with the ability for RhoA/ROCK to mediate TJ disassembly and stress fiber formation by phosphorylating cofilin and MLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 110001
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Wang Y, Bakota E, Chang BH, Entman M, Hartgerink JD, Danesh FR. Peptide nanofibers preconditioned with stem cell secretome are renoprotective. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:704-17. [PMID: 21415151 PMCID: PMC3065226 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells may contribute to renal recovery following acute kidney injury, and this may occur through their secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Here, we developed an acellular, nanofiber-based preparation of self-assembled peptides to deliver the secretome of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Using an integrated in vitro and in vivo approach, we found that nanofibers preconditioned with ESCs could reverse cell hyperpermeability and apoptosis in vitro and protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in vivo. The renoprotective effect of preconditioned nanofibers associated with an attenuation of Rho kinase activation. We also observed that the combined presence of follistatin, adiponectin, and secretory leukoprotease during preconditioning was essential to the renoprotective properties of the nanofibers. In summary, we developed a designer-peptide nanofiber that can serve as a delivery platform for the beneficial effects of stem cells without the problems of teratoma formation or limited cell engraftment and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Departments of Medicine/Nephrology
| | | | | | - Mark Entman
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
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Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Cells for treating organ damage: how long will we need them? J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:590-2. [PMID: 21415159 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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46
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Utsunomiya K. [Perspective on the role of Rho-kinase inhibitor in the treatment of diabetic vascular complications]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68 Suppl 9:190-194. [PMID: 21661156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
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47
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Gao Y, Xie M, He ZP, Zhang X, Zheng JQ. [The effect of hypoxia on the expression of RHO/RHO signaling pathway and CTGF of human embryonic fibroblasts]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2010; 41:946-950. [PMID: 21265091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of hypoxia on cell proliferation and the expression of RHO/RHO signaling pathway, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and the collagen type I (Col I) in human embryonic fibroblasts at different time points, and study the possible mechanism of hypoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Human embryonic fibroblasts were cultured under hypoxic condition (37 degrees C, 5 CO2, 2% O2, 93% N2) for 0 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 60 h respectively. The protein levels of HIF-1alpha, RhoA, ROCKland CTGF were assayed by Western blot. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of HIF-1alpha, ROCK1, CTGF and Col I. The concentration of collagen type I (Col I) in fibroblast cells supernatant were determined by ELISA. RESULTS (1) Basal levels of RhoA, ROCK1, CTGF protein of MRC-5 were observed in normoxia, but the protein levels of RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF were up-regulated after 1.5 h of hypoxia and increased further with longer exposure to hypoxia. It also demonstrated significant positive correlation between the protein levels of RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF at different time points of hypoxia. (2) After 1.5 h, mRNA expression of ROCK1, CTGF and Col I was elevated and increased further with longer exposure to hypoxia and peaked after 60 h of hypoxia compared to normoxia. (3) Compared with normoxia, the concentration of Col I in fibroblast cells supernatant increased in different time points of hypoxia and peaked after 24 h of hypoxia. CONCLUSION Different time points of hypoxia all significantly up-regulated the expression of protein and mRNA of CTGF and increased the secretion of Col I. Hypoxia could represent a potential brotic stimulus possibly through activation of the RHO/RHO signaling pathway, up-regulating the expression of HIF-1alpha and CTGF, triggering a series of brotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Respiratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Arita R, Ishibashi T, Hata Y. [Roles of ROCK in diabetic microangiopathy]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68 Suppl 9:310-314. [PMID: 21667486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Connolly MJ, Aaronson PI. Key role of the RhoA/Rho kinase system in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010; 24:1-14. [PMID: 20833255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a general term comprising a spectrum of pulmonary hypertensive disorders which have in common an elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). The prototypical form of the disease, termed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is a rare but lethal syndrome with a complex aetiology characterised by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and progressive elevation of mPAP; patients generally die from heart failure. Current therapies are inadequate and median survival is less than three years. PH due to chronic hypoxia (CH) is a condition separate from PAH and is strongly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An early event in the pathogenesis of this form of PH is hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), an acute homeostatic process that maintains the ventilation-perfusion ratio during alveolar hypoxia. The mechanisms underlying HPV remain controversial, but RhoA/Rho kinase (ROK)-mediated Ca²+-sensitisation is considered important. Increasing evidence also implicates RhoA/ROK in PASMC proliferation, inflammatory cell recruitment and the regulation of cell motility, all of which are involved in the pulmonary vascular remodelling occurring in all forms of PH. ROK is therefore a potential therapeutic target in treating PH of various aetiologies. Here, we examine current concepts regarding the aetiology of PAH and also PH due to CH, focusing on the contribution that RhoA/ROK-mediated processes may make to their development and on ROK inhibitors as potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Connolly
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Zhou H, Li YJ. RhoA/Rho kinase: a novel therapeutic target in diabetic complications. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010; 123:2461-2466. [PMID: 21034566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the roles of Rho kinase (ROCK) in the mechanisms of complications in diabetes by reviewing the correlations between ROCK and related complications in diabetes. DATA SOURCES The data used in the present article were mainly from PubMed with relevant English articles published from 1998 to 2010. The search terms were "ROCK" and "diabetes". STUDY SELECTION Original articles including the roles of ROCK or its inhibitors in diabetic complications and review articles about the biological character of ROCK were selected. RESULTS The activity and expression of ROCK were up-regulated in the models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes animals and the cultured cells with concentrations of high glucose, ROCK activation was associated with the development or progression of complications in diabetes. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway prevented or ameliorated the pathologic changes of diabetic complications, and ROCK has been regarded as a key target for treatment of these complications. CONCLUSION RhoA/ROCK signaling plays important roles in the pathogenesis of long-term complications in diabetes and ROCK inhibitors are becoming a promising solution to treatments of complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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