1
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Thomas ME, Qi W, Walsh MP, Ma J, Westover T, Abdelhamed S, Ezzell LJ, Rolle C, Xiong E, Rosikiewicz W, Xu B, Loughran AJ, Pruett-Miller SM, Janke LJ, Klco JM. Functional characterization of cooperating MGA mutations in RUNX1::RUNX1T1 acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2024; 38:991-1002. [PMID: 38454121 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
MGA (Max-gene associated) is a dual-specificity transcription factor that negatively regulates MYC-target genes to inhibit proliferation and promote differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations in MGA have been commonly identified in several hematological neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RUNX1::RUNX1T1, however, very little is known about the impact of these MGA alterations on normal hematopoiesis or disease progression. We show that representative MGA mutations identified in patient samples abolish protein-protein interactions and transcriptional activity. Using a series of human and mouse model systems, including a newly developed conditional knock-out mouse strain, we demonstrate that loss of MGA results in upregulation of MYC and E2F targets, cell cycle genes, mTOR signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation in normal hematopoietic cells, leading to enhanced proliferation. The loss of MGA induces an open chromatin state at promoters of genes involved in cell cycle and proliferation. RUNX1::RUNX1T1 expression in Mga-deficient murine hematopoietic cells leads to a more aggressive AML with a significantly shortened latency. These data show that MGA regulates multiple pro-proliferative pathways in hematopoietic cells and cooperates with the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion oncoprotein to enhance leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin E Thomas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Wenqing Qi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lauren J Ezzell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chandra Rolle
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Emily Xiong
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Allister J Loughran
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura J Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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2
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Barajas JM, Umeda M, Contreras L, Khanlari M, Westover T, Walsh MP, Xiong E, Yang C, Otero B, Arribas-Layton M, Abdelhamed S, Song G, Ma X, Thomas Rd ME, Ma J, Klco JM. UBTF tandem duplications in pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: implications for clinical screening and diagnosis. Haematologica 2024. [PMID: 38426285 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic studies in adult and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) demonstrated recurrent in-frame tandem duplications (TD) in exon 13 of upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF). These alterations, which account for ~4.3% of AMLs in childhood and about 3% in adult AMLs under 60, are subtype-defining and associated with poor outcomes. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation into the clinicopathological features of UBTF-TD myeloid neoplasms in childhood, including 89 unique pediatric AML and 6 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases harboring a tandem duplication in exon 13 of UBTF. We demonstrate that UBTF-TD myeloid tumors are associated with dysplastic features, low bone marrow blast infiltration, and low white blood cell count. Furthermore, using bulk and single-cell analyses, we confirm that UBTF-TD is an early and clonal event associated with a distinct transcriptional profile, whereas the acquisition of FLT3 or WT1 mutations is associated with more stem celllike programs. Lastly, we report rare duplications within exon 9 of UBTF that phenocopy exon 13 duplications, expanding the spectrum of UBTF alterations in pediatric myeloid tumors. Collectively, we comprehensively characterize pediatric AML and MDS with UBTF-TD and highlight key clinical and pathologic features that distinguish this new entity from other molecular subtypes of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Barajas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lisett Contreras
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mahsa Khanlari
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Emily Xiong
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Melvin E Thomas Rd
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
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3
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Barajas JM, Rasouli M, Umeda M, Hiltenbrand R, Abdelhamed S, Mohnani R, Arthur B, Westover T, Thomas ME, Ashtiani M, Janke LJ, Xu B, Chang TC, Rosikiewicz W, Xiong E, Rolle C, Low J, Krishan R, Song G, Walsh MP, Ma J, Rubnitz JE, Iacobucci I, Chen T, Krippner-Heidenreich A, Zwaan CM, Heidenreich O, Klco JM. Acute myeloid leukemias with UBTF tandem duplications are sensitive to menin inhibitors. Blood 2024; 143:619-630. [PMID: 37890156 PMCID: PMC10873536 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT UBTF tandem duplications (UBTF-TDs) have recently emerged as a recurrent alteration in pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). UBTF-TD leukemias are characterized by a poor response to conventional chemotherapy and a transcriptional signature that mirrors NUP98-rearranged and NPM1-mutant AMLs, including HOX-gene dysregulation. However, the mechanism by which UBTF-TD drives leukemogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the genomic occupancy of UBTF-TD in transformed cord blood CD34+ cells and patient-derived xenograft models. We found that UBTF-TD protein maintained genomic occupancy at ribosomal DNA loci while also occupying genomic targets commonly dysregulated in UBTF-TD myeloid malignancies, such as the HOXA/HOXB gene clusters and MEIS1. These data suggest that UBTF-TD is a gain-of-function alteration that results in mislocalization to genomic loci dysregulated in UBTF-TD leukemias. UBTF-TD also co-occupies key genomic loci with KMT2A and menin, which are known to be key partners involved in HOX-dysregulated leukemias. Using a protein degradation system, we showed that stemness, proliferation, and transcriptional signatures are dependent on sustained UBTF-TD localization to chromatin. Finally, we demonstrate that primary cells from UBTF-TD leukemias are sensitive to the menin inhibitor SNDX-5613, resulting in markedly reduced in vitro and in vivo tumor growth, myeloid differentiation, and abrogation of the UBTF-TD leukemic expression signature. These findings provide a viable therapeutic strategy for patients with this high-risk AML subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Barajas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Milad Rasouli
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ryan Hiltenbrand
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Rebecca Mohnani
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bright Arthur
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Melvin E. Thomas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Minoo Ashtiani
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Emily Xiong
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Chandra Rolle
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jonathan Low
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Reethu Krishan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jeffrey E. Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Christian M. Zwaan
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery M. Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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4
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Umeda M, Ma J, Westover T, Ni Y, Song G, Maciaszek JL, Rusch M, Rahbarinia D, Foy S, Huang BJ, Walsh MP, Kumar P, Liu Y, Yang W, Fan Y, Wu G, Baker SD, Ma X, Wang L, Alonzo TA, Rubnitz JE, Pounds S, Klco JM. A new genomic framework to categorize pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Genet 2024; 56:281-293. [PMID: 38212634 PMCID: PMC10864188 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies on pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) have revealed pediatric-specific driver alterations, many of which are underrepresented in the current classification schemas. To comprehensively define the genomic landscape of pAML, we systematically categorized 887 pAML into 23 mutually distinct molecular categories, including new major entities such as UBTF or BCL11B, covering 91.4% of the cohort. These molecular categories were associated with unique expression profiles and mutational patterns. For instance, molecular categories characterized by specific HOXA or HOXB expression signatures showed distinct mutation patterns of RAS pathway genes, FLT3 or WT1, suggesting shared biological mechanisms. We show that molecular categories were strongly associated with clinical outcomes using two independent cohorts, leading to the establishment of a new prognostic framework for pAML based on these updated molecular categories and minimal residual disease. Together, this comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic framework forms the basis for future classification of pAML and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yonghui Ni
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L Maciaszek
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Delaram Rahbarinia
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Foy
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin J Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kumar
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Todd A Alonzo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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5
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Barajas JM, Umeda M, Contreras L, Khanlari M, Westover T, Walsh MP, Xiong E, Yang C, Otero B, Arribas-Layton M, Abdelhamed S, Song G, Ma X, Thomas ME, Ma J, Klco JM. UBTF Tandem Duplications in Pediatric MDS and AML: Implications for Clinical Screening and Diagnosis. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.13.23298320. [PMID: 38014207 PMCID: PMC10680889 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.23298320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent genomic studies in adult and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) demonstrated recurrent in-frame tandem duplications (TD) in exon 13 of upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF). These alterations, which account for ~4.3% of AMLs in childhood and up to 3% in adult AMLs under 60, are subtype-defining and associated with poor outcomes. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation into the clinicopathological features of UBTF-TD myeloid neoplasms in childhood, including 89 unique pediatric AML and 6 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases harboring a tandem duplication in exon 13 of UBTF. We demonstrate that UBTF-TD myeloid tumors are associated with dysplastic features, low bone marrow blast infiltration, and low white blood cell count. Furthermore, using bulk and single-cell analyses, we confirm that UBTF-TD is an early and clonal event associated with a distinct transcriptional profile, whereas the acquisition of FLT3 or WT1 mutations is associated with more stem cell-like programs. Lastly, we report rare duplications within exon 9 of UBTF that phenocopy exon 13 duplications, expanding the spectrum of UBTF alterations in pediatric myeloid tumors. Collectively, we comprehensively characterize pediatric AML and MDS with UBTF-TD and highlight key clinical and pathologic features that distinguish this new entity from other molecular subtypes of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Barajas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lisett Contreras
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mahsa Khanlari
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emily Xiong
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melvin E. Thomas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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6
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Sutula M, Christen I, Bersin E, Walsh MP, Chen KC, Mallek J, Melville A, Titze M, Bielejec ES, Hamilton S, Braje D, Dixon PB, Englund DR. Large-scale optical characterization of solid-state quantum emitters. Nat Mater 2023; 22:1338-1344. [PMID: 37604910 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters have emerged as a leading quantum memory for quantum networking applications. However, standard optical characterization techniques are neither efficient nor repeatable at scale. Here we introduce and demonstrate spectroscopic techniques that enable large-scale, automated characterization of colour centres. We first demonstrate the ability to track colour centres by registering them to a fabricated machine-readable global coordinate system, enabling a systematic comparison of the same colour centre sites over many experiments. We then implement resonant photoluminescence excitation in a widefield cryogenic microscope to parallelize resonant spectroscopy, achieving two orders of magnitude speed-up over confocal microscopy. Finally, we demonstrate automated chip-scale characterization of colour centres and devices at room temperature, imaging thousands of microscope fields of view. These tools will enable the accelerated identification of useful quantum emitters at chip scale, enabling advances in scaling up colour centre platforms for quantum information applications, materials science and device design and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Sutula
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ian Christen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Bersin
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin Mallek
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Melville
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Hamilton
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Braje
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - P Benjamin Dixon
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Dirk R Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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Umeda M, Ma J, Westover T, Ni Y, Song G, Maciaszek JL, Rusch M, Rahbarinia D, Foy S, Huang BJ, Walsh MP, Kumar P, Liu Y, Fan Y, Wu G, Baker SD, Ma X, Wang L, Rubnitz JE, Pounds S, Klco JM. Proposal of a new genomic framework for categorization of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia associated with prognosis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2925426. [PMID: 37398194 PMCID: PMC10312943 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2925426/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) have revealed pediatric-specific driver alterations, many of which are underrepresented in the current classification schemas. To comprehensively define the genomic landscape of pAML, we systematically categorized 895 pAML into 23 molecular categories that are mutually distinct from one another, including new entities such as UBTF or BCL11B, covering 91.4% of the cohort. These molecular categories were associated with unique expression profiles and mutational patterns. For instance, molecular categories characterized by specific HOXA or HOXB expression signatures showed distinct mutation patterns of RAS pathway genes, FLT3, or WT1, suggesting shared biological mechanisms. We show that molecular categories were strongly associated with clinical outcomes using two independent cohorts, leading to the establishment of a prognostic framework for pAML based on molecular categories and minimal residual disease. Together, this comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic framework forms the basis for future classification of pAML and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yonghui Ni
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L. Maciaszek
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Delaram Rahbarinia
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Foy
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kumar
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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8
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Liu Y, Klein J, Bajpai R, Dong L, Tran Q, Kolekar P, Smith JL, Ries RE, Huang BJ, Wang YC, Alonzo TA, Tian L, Mulder HL, Shaw TI, Ma J, Walsh MP, Song G, Westover T, Autry RJ, Gout AM, Wheeler DA, Wan S, Wu G, Yang JJ, Evans WE, Loh M, Easton J, Zhang J, Klco JM, Meshinchi S, Brown PA, Pruett-Miller SM, Ma X. Etiology of oncogenic fusions in 5,190 childhood cancers and its clinical and therapeutic implication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1739. [PMID: 37019972 PMCID: PMC10076316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic fusions formed through chromosomal rearrangements are hallmarks of childhood cancer that define cancer subtype, predict outcome, persist through treatment, and can be ideal therapeutic targets. However, mechanistic understanding of the etiology of oncogenic fusions remains elusive. Here we report a comprehensive detection of 272 oncogenic fusion gene pairs by using tumor transcriptome sequencing data from 5190 childhood cancer patients. We identify diverse factors, including translation frame, protein domain, splicing, and gene length, that shape the formation of oncogenic fusions. Our mathematical modeling reveals a strong link between differential selection pressure and clinical outcome in CBFB-MYH11. We discover 4 oncogenic fusions, including RUNX1-RUNX1T1, TCF3-PBX1, CBFA2T3-GLIS2, and KMT2A-AFDN, with promoter-hijacking-like features that may offer alternative strategies for therapeutic targeting. We uncover extensive alternative splicing in oncogenic fusions including KMT2A-MLLT3, KMT2A-MLLT10, C11orf95-RELA, NUP98-NSD1, KMT2A-AFDN and ETV6-RUNX1. We discover neo splice sites in 18 oncogenic fusion gene pairs and demonstrate that such splice sites confer therapeutic vulnerability for etiology-based genome editing. Our study reveals general principles on the etiology of oncogenic fusions in childhood cancer and suggests profound clinical implications including etiology-based risk stratification and genome-editing-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathon Klein
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Genome Editing, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richa Bajpai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Genome Editing, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Quang Tran
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pandurang Kolekar
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jenny L Smith
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rhonda E Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd A Alonzo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Autry
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Gout
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shibiao Wan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William E Evans
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mignon Loh
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Genome Editing, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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9
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Abdelhamed S, Thomas Iii ME, Westover T, Umeda M, Xiong E, Rolle C, Walsh MP, Wu H, Schwartz JR, Valentine V, Valentine M, Pounds S, Ma J, Janke LJ, Klco JM. Mutant Samd9l expression impairs hematopoiesis and induces bone marrow failure in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158869. [PMID: 36074606 DOI: 10.1172/jci158869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SAMD9 and SAMD9L germline mutations have recently emerged as a new class of predispositions to pediatric myeloid neoplasms. Patients commonly have impaired hematopoiesis, hypocellular marrows, and a greater risk of developing clonal chromosome 7 deletions leading to MDS and AML. We recently demonstrated that expressing SAMD9 or SAMD9L mutations in hematopoietic cells suppresses their proliferation and induces cell death. Here we generated a mouse model that conditionally expresses mutant Samd9l to assess the in vivo impact on hematopoiesis. Using a range of in vivo and ex vivo assays, we showed that cells with heterozygous Samd9l mutations have impaired stemness relative to wild-type counterparts, which was exacerbated by inflammatory stimuli, and ultimately led to bone marrow hypocellularity. Genomic and phenotypic analyses recapitulated many of the hematopoietic cellular phenotypes observed in patients with SAMD9 or SAMD9L mutations, including lymphopenia, and pinpointed TGF-β as a potential targetable pathway. Further, we observed non-random genetic deletion of the mutant Samd9l locus on mouse chromosome 6, mimicking chromosome 7 deletions observed in patients. Collectively, our study has enhanced our understanding of mutant Samd9l hematopoietic phenotypes, emphasized the synergistic role of inflammation in exaggerating the associated hematopoietic defects, and provided insights into potential therapeutic options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Melvin E Thomas Iii
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Emily Xiong
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Chandra Rolle
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Huiyun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Jason R Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbildt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Virginia Valentine
- Cytogenetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Marcus Valentine
- Cytogenetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Laura J Janke
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
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10
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Umeda M, Ma J, Huang BJ, Hagiwara K, Westover T, Abdelhamed S, Barajas JM, Thomas ME, Walsh MP, Song G, Tian L, Liu Y, Chen X, Kolekar P, Tran Q, Foy SG, Maciaszek JL, Kleist AB, Leonti AR, Ju B, Easton J, Wu H, Valentine V, Valentine MB, Liu YC, Ries RE, Smith JL, Parganas E, Iacobucci I, Hiltenbrand R, Miller J, Myers JR, Rampersaud E, Rahbarinia D, Rusch M, Wu G, Inaba H, Wang YC, Alonzo TA, Downing JR, Mullighan CG, Pounds S, Babu MM, Zhang J, Rubnitz JE, Meshinchi S, Ma X, Klco JM. Integrated Genomic Analysis Identifies UBTF Tandem Duplications as a Recurrent Lesion in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:194-207. [PMID: 35176137 PMCID: PMC9780084 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetics of relapsed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has yet to be comprehensively defined. Here, we present the spectrum of genomic alterations in 136 relapsed pediatric AMLs. We identified recurrent exon 13 tandem duplications (TD) in upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF) in 9% of relapsed AML cases. UBTF-TD AMLs commonly have normal karyotype or trisomy 8 with cooccurring WT1 mutations or FLT3-ITD but not other known oncogenic fusions. These UBTF-TD events are stable during disease progression and are present in the founding clone. In addition, we observed that UBTF-TD AMLs account for approximately 4% of all de novo pediatric AMLs, are less common in adults, and are associated with poor outcomes and MRD positivity. Expression of UBTF-TD in primary hematopoietic cells is sufficient to enhance serial clonogenic activity and to drive a similar transcriptional program to UBTF-TD AMLs. Collectively, these clinical, genomic, and functional data establish UBTF-TD as a new recurrent mutation in AML. SIGNIFICANCE We defined the spectrum of mutations in relapsed pediatric AML and identified UBTF-TDs as a new recurrent genetic alteration. These duplications are more common in children and define a group of AMLs with intermediate-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, FLT3-ITD and WT1 alterations, and are associated with poor outcomes. See related commentary by Hasserjian and Nardi, p. 173. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin J. Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Kohei Hagiwara
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Juan M. Barajas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Melvin E. Thomas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Pandurang Kolekar
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Quang Tran
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott G. Foy
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jamie L. Maciaszek
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew B. Kleist
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Amanda R. Leonti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bengsheng Ju
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Huiyun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rhonda E. Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jenny L. Smith
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Evan Parganas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ryan Hiltenbrand
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason R. Myers
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Delaram Rahbarinia
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Todd A. Alonzo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James R. Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - M. Madan Babu
- Department of Structural Biology and the Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey E. Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeffery M. Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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11
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Fornerod M, Ma J, Noort S, Liu Y, Walsh MP, Shi L, Nance S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Song G, Lamprecht T, Easton J, Mulder HL, Yergeau D, Myers J, Kamens JL, Obeng EA, Pigazzi M, Jarosova M, Kelaidi C, Polychronopoulou S, Lamba JK, Baker SD, Rubnitz JE, Reinhardt D, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Locatelli F, Hasle H, Klco JM, Downing JR, Zhang J, Pounds S, Zwaan CM, Gruber TA. Integrative Genomic Analysis of Pediatric Myeloid-Related Acute Leukemias Identifies Novel Subtypes and Prognostic Indicators. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:586-599. [PMID: 34778799 PMCID: PMC8580615 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating somatic mutation analysis and gene expression profiling distinguishes pediatric AML subtypes with differential prognoses and clinical risks. Genomic characterization of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has led to the discovery of somatic mutations with prognostic implications. Although gene-expression profiling can differentiate subsets of pediatric AML, its clinical utility in risk stratification remains limited. Here, we evaluate gene expression, pathogenic somatic mutations, and outcome in a cohort of 435 pediatric patients with a spectrum of pediatric myeloid-related acute leukemias for biological subtype discovery. This analysis revealed 63 patients with varying immunophenotypes that span a T-lineage and myeloid continuum designated as acute myeloid/T-lymphoblastic leukemia (AMTL). Within AMTL, two patient subgroups distinguished by FLT3-ITD and PRC2 mutations have different outcomes, demonstrating the impact of mutational composition on survival. Across the cohort, variability in outcomes of patients within isomutational subsets is influenced by transcriptional identity and the presence of a stem cell–like gene-expression signature. Integration of gene expression and somatic mutations leads to improved risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Fornerod
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sanne Noort
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yu Liu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie Nance
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tamara Lamprecht
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Donald Yergeau
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jacquelyn Myers
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer L Kamens
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Esther A Obeng
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Martina Pigazzi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Hematology Oncology Clinic and Lab, University of Padova, IRP, Padova, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Jarosova
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Masaryk University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Charikleia Kelaidi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Polychronopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Jatinder K Lamba
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey E Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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12
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Schwartz JR, Ma J, Kamens J, Westover T, Walsh MP, Brady SW, Robert Michael J, Chen X, Montefiori L, Song G, Wu G, Wu H, Branstetter C, Hiltenbrand R, Walsh MF, Nichols KE, Maciaszek JL, Liu Y, Kumar P, Easton J, Newman S, Rubnitz JE, Mullighan CG, Pounds S, Zhang J, Gruber T, Ma X, Klco JM. The acquisition of molecular drivers in pediatric therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:985. [PMID: 33579957 PMCID: PMC7880998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMN) occur in children after exposure to cytotoxic therapy and have a dismal prognosis. The somatic and germline genomic alterations that drive these myeloid neoplasms in children and how they arise have yet to be comprehensively described. We use whole exome, whole genome, and/or RNA sequencing to characterize the genomic profile of 84 pediatric tMN cases (tMDS: n = 28, tAML: n = 56). Our data show that Ras/MAPK pathway mutations, alterations in RUNX1 or TP53, and KMT2A rearrangements are frequent somatic drivers, and we identify cases with aberrant MECOM expression secondary to enhancer hijacking. Unlike adults with tMN, we find no evidence of pre-existing minor tMN clones (including those with TP53 mutations), but rather the majority of cases are unrelated clones arising as a consequence of cytotoxic therapy. These studies also uncover rare cases of lineage switch disease rather than true secondary neoplasms. Paediatric therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMN) have a dismal prognosis and have not been comprehensively profiled. Here the authors characterise the molecular landscape of 84 paediatric tMN patients, and find that, unlike adult tMNs, these do not emerge from pre-existing clones and that MECOM dysregulation is frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Schwartz
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN, US
| | - Jing Ma
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Jennifer Kamens
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, CA, US
| | - Tamara Westover
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Michael P Walsh
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Samuel W Brady
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - J Robert Michael
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Lindsey Montefiori
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Guangchun Song
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Gang Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Huiyun Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Cristyn Branstetter
- Arkansas Children's Northwest Hospital, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Springdale, AR, US
| | - Ryan Hiltenbrand
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Michael F Walsh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY, US
| | - Kim E Nichols
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Oncology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Jamie L Maciaszek
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Oncology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Yanling Liu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Priyadarshini Kumar
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - John Easton
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Scott Newman
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Jeffrey E Rubnitz
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Oncology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Stanley Pounds
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Tanja Gruber
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, CA, US. .,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, US.
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Computational Biology, Memphis, TN, US.
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, US.
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13
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Lamprecht T, Schwartz JR, Ma J, Walsh MP, Klco JM. Abstract B16: MECOM dysregulation is associated with poor outcome in pediatric therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-b16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMN) occur in children as a consequence of cytotoxic therapies used to treat childhood malignancies, are typically resistant to conventional chemotherapies, require hematopoietic cell transplantation as the only curative option, and typically have a dismal prognosis. While the genomic alterations that drive tMN in children have yet to be comprehensively described, alterations involving the MECOM locus have been described in some myeloid neoplasms like tMN. Overexpression of MECOM is associated with poor prognosis in myeloid malignancies, is present in ~10% of adult cases, and occurs at an increased frequency in pediatric AML with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2Ar). RNA sequencing from a cohort of 56 pediatric tMN cases collected at St. Jude shows that 24 (43%) cases within our cohort express high levels of MECOM (FPKM value >5). In these 24 cases, we identified one with a canonical fusion (RUNX1-MECOM), one with a NUP98 fusion (NUP98-HHEX), and 18 with KMT2Ar. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that two of the remaining MECOMHigh cases have a t(2;3)(p21;q26.2) involving MECOM on chromosome 3 and noncoding regions of chromosome 2 adjacent to ZFP36L2, a gene highly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Further, ENCODE data support that this region of the genome is an active enhancer, suggesting a proximity effect in which this enhancer has been hijacked to drive high levels of MECOM expression. The two remaining cases with aberrant and unexplained MECOM expression are currently under evaluation. In our cohort, MECOM expression levels are predictive of a worse outcome (overall survival at 2 years: MECOMHigh=12.5% vs. MECOMLow=40.6%; log rank p<0.01). Although KMT2Ar was frequently present in our cohort 28/56 (50%) and enriched in the MECOMHigh group (MECOMHigh=75% (18/24) vs. MECOMLow=31% (10/32; p<0.01), high MECOM expression did not confer a significant survival difference within the KMT2Ar group (overall survival at 2 years: MECOMHigh=16.7% vs. MECOMLow=40%; log rank p=0.33). In conclusion, we report a large cohort of pediatric tMN and show that high levels of MECOM expression predicts a worse outcome. Additionally, we identify enhancer hijacking as the mechanism through which at least a portion of high MECOM expression may be explained.
Citation Format: Tamara Lamprecht, Jason R. Schwartz, Jing Ma, Michael P. Walsh, Jeffery M. Klco. MECOM dysregulation is associated with poor outcome in pediatric therapy-related myeloid neoplasms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Lamprecht
- 1St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, Memphis, TN,
| | - Jason R. Schwartz
- 2St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Dept. of Hematology, Memphis, TN
| | - Jing Ma
- 1St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, Memphis, TN,
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- 1St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, Memphis, TN,
| | - Jeffery M. Klco
- 1St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, Memphis, TN,
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14
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Wan NH, Lu TJ, Chen KC, Walsh MP, Trusheim ME, De Santis L, Bersin EA, Harris IB, Mouradian SL, Christen IR, Bielejec ES, Englund D. Large-scale integration of artificial atoms in hybrid photonic circuits. Nature 2020; 583:226-231. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Deng JT, Bhaidani S, Sutherland C, MacDonald JA, Walsh MP. Rho-associated kinase and zipper-interacting protein kinase, but not myosin light chain kinase, are involved in the regulation of myosin phosphorylation in serum-stimulated human arterial smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226406. [PMID: 31834925 PMCID: PMC6910671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphorylation plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle contraction and cell migration. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates LC20 (its only known substrate) exclusively at S19. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) have been implicated in the regulation of LC20 phosphorylation via direct phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19 and indirectly via phosphorylation of MYPT1 (the myosin targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase, MLCP) and Par-4 (prostate-apoptosis response-4). Phosphorylation of MYPT1 at T696 and T853 inhibits MLCP activity whereas phosphorylation of Par-4 at T163 disrupts its interaction with MYPT1, exposing the sites of phosphorylation in MYPT1 and leading to MLCP inhibition. To evaluate the roles of MLCK, ROCK and ZIPK in these phosphorylation events, we investigated the time courses of phosphorylation of LC20, MYPT1 and Par-4 in serum-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells (from coronary and umbilical arteries), and examined the effects of siRNA-mediated MLCK, ROCK and ZIPK knockdown and pharmacological inhibition on these phosphorylation events. Serum stimulation induced rapid phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19, MYPT1 at T696 and T853, and Par-4 at T163, peaking within 30–120 s. MLCK knockdown or inhibition, or Ca2+ chelation with EGTA, had no effect on serum-induced LC20 phosphorylation. ROCK knockdown decreased the levels of phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19, of MYPT1 at T696 and T853, and of Par-4 at T163, whereas ZIPK knockdown decreased LC20 diphosphorylation, but increased phosphorylation of MYPT1 at T696 and T853 and of Par-4 at T163. ROCK inhibition with GSK429286A reduced serum-induced phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19, MYPT1 at T853 and Par-4 at T163, while ZIPK inhibition by HS38 reduced only LC20 diphosphorylation. We also demonstrated that serum stimulation induced phosphorylation (activation) of ZIPK, which was inhibited by ROCK and ZIPK down-regulation and inhibition. Finally, basal phosphorylation of LC20 in the absence of serum stimulation was unaffected by MLCK, ROCK or ZIPK knockdown or inhibition. We conclude that: (i) serum stimulation of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells results in rapid phosphorylation of LC20, MYPT1, Par-4 and ZIPK, in contrast to the slower phosphorylation of kinases and other proteins involved in other signaling pathways (Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and HSP27), (ii) ROCK and ZIPK, but not MLCK, are involved in serum-induced phosphorylation of LC20, (iii) ROCK, but not ZIPK, directly phosphorylates MYPT1 at T853 and Par-4 at T163 in response to serum stimulation, (iv) ZIPK phosphorylation is enhanced by serum stimulation and involves phosphorylation by ROCK and autophosphorylation, and (v) basal phosphorylation of LC20 under serum-free conditions is not attributable to MLCK, ROCK or ZIPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ti Deng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabreena Bhaidani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin A. MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Takeya K, Kathol I, Sutherland C, Wang X, Loutzenhiser R, Walsh MP. Expression of troponin subunits in the rat renal afferent arteriole. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1475-1481. [PMID: 31046198 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells of the renal afferent arteriole are unusual in that they must be able to contract very rapidly in response to a sudden increase in systemic blood pressure in order to protect the downstream glomerular capillaries from catastrophic damage. We showed that this could be accounted for, in part, by exclusive expression, at the protein level, of the "fast" (B) isoforms of smooth muscle myosin II heavy chains in the afferent arteriole, in contrast to other vascular smooth muscle cells such as the rat aorta and efferent arteriole which express exclusively the "slow" (A) isoforms (Shiraishi et al. (2003) FASEB. J. 17, 2284-2286). As contraction of the more rapidly contracting striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscles is regulated by the thin filament-associated troponin (Tn) system, we hypothesized that Tn or a Tn-like system may exist in afferent arteriolar cells and contribute to the unusually rapid contraction of this tissue in response to increased intraluminal pressure. We examined the expression of TnC (Ca2+ -binding subunit), TnI (inhibitory subunit), and TnT (tropomyosin-binding subunit) in vascular smooth muscle cells of the rat renal afferent arteriole at the mRNA level. Fast-twitch skeletal muscle and slow-twitch skeletal muscle/cardiac TnC isoforms and slow-twitch skeletal muscle and cardiac TnI isoforms were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and confirmed by cDNA sequencing. Furthermore, cardiac and slow-twitch skeletal muscle TnI isoforms, but not fast-twitch skeletal muscle TnI, were detected in isolated afferent arterioles at the protein level by proximity ligation assay. Finally, striated muscle myosin II heavy chain expression was identified in isolated rat afferent arterioles by RT-PCR. We conclude that, in addition to Ca2+ -mediated phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chains, contraction of the afferent arteriole may be regulated by a mechanism normally associated with the much more rapidly contracting cardiac and skeletal muscles, which involves Ca2+ binding to TnC, leading to alleviation of inhibition of the actomyosin MgATPase by TnI and tropomyosin and rapid contraction of the vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takeya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Iris Kathol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rodger Loutzenhiser
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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MacDonald JA, Walsh MP. Regulation of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase by Multisite Phosphorylation of the Myosin Targeting Subunit, MYPT1. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 18:4-13. [PMID: 29577868 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180326120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle contraction is triggered primarily by activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase leading to phosphorylation of the regulatory light chains of myosin II. Numerous contractile stimuli also induce inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase thereby prolonging the contractile response. The phosphatase is a trimeric enzyme containing a catalytic subunit, a regulatory, myosin-binding subunit (MYPT1) and a third subunit of uncertain function. MYPT1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by several kinases, which regulate phosphatase activity, protein-protein interactions and subcellular localization. The best-characterized phosphorylation events involve phosphorylation by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) at T697 and T855, which inhibits phosphatase activity, and phosphorylation by cAMP- or cGMPdependent protein kinases (PKA and PKG, respectively) at S696, T697, S854 and T855, which has no effect on phosphatase activity. Furthermore, phosphorylation by ROCK at T697 and T855 prevents phosphorylation by PKA or PKG at the neighboring serine residues. Some 30 phosphorylation sites have been identified in MYPT1 with many more suggested by large-scale phosphoproteomic studies. It is important to gain as complete understanding as possible of the complex phosphorylation-mediated mechanisms of regulation of MYPT1 functions in part because of their involvement in pathological processes. For example, dysfunctional MYPT1 phosphorylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several vascular disorders, including type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Much effort is now being devoted to the development of novel therapeutics targeting MYPT1 and specific kinases involved in the phosphorylation of MYPT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Al-Ghabkari A, Moffat LD, Walsh MP, MacDonald JA. Validation of chemical genetics for the study of zipper-interacting protein kinase signaling. Proteins 2018; 86:1211-1217. [PMID: 30381843 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) is a Ser/Thr kinase that mediates a variety of cellular functions. Analogue-sensitive kinase technology was applied to the study of ZIPK signaling in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. ZIPK was engineered in the ATP-binding pocket by substitution of a bulky gatekeeper amino acid (Leu93) with glycine. Cell-permeable derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine provided effective inhibition of L93G-ZIPK (1NM-PP1, IC50 , 1.0 μM; 3MB-PP1, IC50 , 2.0 μM; and 1NA-PP1, IC50 , 8.6 μM) but only 3MB-PP1 had inhibitory potential (IC50 > 10 μM) toward wild-type ZIPK. Each of the compounds also attenuated Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) activity under experimental conditions found to be optimal for inhibition of L93G-ZIPK. In silico molecular simulations showed effective docking of 1NM-PP1 into ZIPK following mutational enlargement of the ATP-binding pocket. Molecular simulation of 1NM-PP1 docking in the ATP-binding pocket of ROCK was also completed. The 1NM-PP1 inhibitor was selected as the optimal compound for selective chemical genetics in smooth muscle cells since it displayed the highest potency for L93G-ZIPK relative to WT-ZIPK and the weakest off-target effects against other relevant kinases. Finally, the 1NM-PP1 and L93G-ZIPK pairing was effectively applied in vascular smooth muscle cells to manipulate the phosphorylation level of LC20, a previously defined target of ZIPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhameed Al-Ghabkari
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lori D Moffat
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Altshuler SL, Ayala A, Collet S, Chow JC, Frey HC, Shaikh R, Stevenson ED, Walsh MP, Watson JG. Trends in on-road transportation, energy, and emissions. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2018; 68:1015-1024. [PMID: 30142033 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1512734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Ayala
- b Air Pollution Control Officer and Executive Director , Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Susan Collet
- c Executive Engineer , Toyota Motor North America, Inc ., Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Judith C Chow
- d Desert Research Institute , Reno , NV , USA
- e State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - H Christopher Frey
- f Glenn E. Futrell Distinguished University Professor of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Rashid Shaikh
- g Director of Science , Health Effects Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eric D Stevenson
- h Meteorology and Measurements Division , Bay Area Air Quality Management District , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | | - John G Watson
- d Desert Research Institute , Reno , NV , USA
- e State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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20
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Schwartz JR, Walsh MP, Ma J, Lamprecht T, Wang S, Wu G, Raimondi S, Triplett BM, Klco JM. Clonal dynamics of donor-derived myelodysplastic syndrome after unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation for high-risk pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002980. [PMID: 29891567 PMCID: PMC6169831 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-derived hematologic malignancies are rare complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Although these are commonly either a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in general, they are a heterogeneous group of diseases, and a unified mechanism for their development has remained elusive. Here we report next-generation sequencing, including whole-exome sequencing (WES), whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and targeted sequencing, of a case of donor-derived MDS (dMDS) following HCT for high-risk B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in an adolescent. Through interrogation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the WGS data, we unequivocally prove that the MDS is donor-derived. Additionally, we sequenced 15 samples from 12 time points, including the initial B-ALL diagnostic sample through several post-HCT remission samples, the dMDS, and representative germline samples from both patient and donor, to show that the MDS-related pathologic mutations, including a canonical ASXL1 (p.Y700*) mutation, were detectable nearly 3 yr prior to the morphological detection of MDS. Furthermore, these MDS mutations were not detectable immediately following, and for >1 yr post-, HCT. These data support the clinical utility of comprehensive sequencing following HCT to detect donor-derived malignancies, while providing insights into the clonal progression of dMDS over a 4-yr period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Tamara Lamprecht
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Shuoguo Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Susana Raimondi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Brandon M Triplett
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Hyrenius-Wittsten A, Pilheden M, Sturesson H, Hansson J, Walsh MP, Song G, Kazi JU, Liu J, Ramakrishan R, Garcia-Ruiz C, Nance S, Gupta P, Zhang J, Rönnstrand L, Hultquist A, Downing JR, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Paulsson K, Järås M, Gruber TA, Ma J, Hagström-Andersson AK. De novo activating mutations drive clonal evolution and enhance clonal fitness in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1770. [PMID: 29720585 PMCID: PMC5932012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating signaling mutations are common in acute leukemia with KMT2A (previously MLL) rearrangements (KMT2A-R). These mutations are often subclonal and their biological impact remains unclear. Using a retroviral acute myeloid mouse leukemia model, we demonstrate that FLT3ITD, FLT3N676K, and NRASG12D accelerate KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia onset. Further, also subclonal FLT3N676K mutations accelerate disease, possibly by providing stimulatory factors. Herein, we show that one such factor, MIF, promotes survival of mouse KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia initiating cells. We identify acquired de novo mutations in Braf, Cbl, Kras, and Ptpn11 in KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia cells that favored clonal expansion. During clonal evolution, we observe serial genetic changes at the KrasG12D locus, consistent with a strong selective advantage of additional KrasG12D. KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemias with signaling mutations enforce Myc and Myb transcriptional modules. Our results provide new insight into the biology of KMT2A-R leukemia with subclonal signaling mutations and highlight the importance of activated signaling as a contributing driver. In acute leukemia with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2A-R), activating signaling mutations are common. Here, the authors use a retroviral acute myeloid mouse leukemia model to show that subclonal de novo activating mutations drive clonal evolution in acute leukemia with KMT2A-R and enhance clonal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hyrenius-Wittsten
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Pilheden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Sturesson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramprasad Ramakrishan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristian Garcia-Ruiz
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Nance
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Hultquist
- Department of Pathology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Karin Lindkvist-Petersson
- Medical Structural Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Paulsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Järås
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children´s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anna K Hagström-Andersson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Stender ZC, Cracchiolo AM, Walsh MP, Patterson DP, Wilusz MJ, Lemos SE. Radial Tears of the Lateral Meniscus-Two Novel Repair Techniques: A Biomechanical Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2018; 6:2325967118768086. [PMID: 29780840 PMCID: PMC5954321 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118768086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A common treatment for radial tears of the meniscus has historically been partial meniscectomy. Owing to the poor outcomes associated with partial meniscectomy, repair of the meniscus is an important treatment option. It is important to evaluate different repair techniques for radial tears of the meniscus. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate 2 novel techniques to repair radial tears of the lateral meniscus. The 2 techniques were compared biomechanically with the cross-suture method with an inside-out technique. The authors hypothesized that novel repair techniques would result in less displacement after cyclic loading, increased load required to displace the repair 3 mm, greater load to failure, decreased displacement at load to failure, and increased stiffness of the repair, resulting in a construct that more closely re-creates the function of the intact meniscus. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 36 fresh-frozen cadaveric tibial plateaus containing intact menisci were obtained. The menisci were divided into 3 groups (n = 12 in each group), and each meniscus was repaired simulating an inside-out technique. The 3 repairs completed were the hashtag, crosstag, and cross-suture techniques. Radial tears were created at the midbody of the lateral meniscus and repaired via the 3 techniques. The repaired menisci were attached to an axial loading machine and tested for cyclic and failure loading. Results: After cyclic loading, the cross-suture repair displaced 4.78 ± 1.65 mm; the hashtag, 2.42 ± 1.13 mm; and the crosstag, 3.13 ± 1.77 mm. The hashtag and cross-tag repairs both resulted in significantly less displacement (P = .003 and .024, respectively) as compared with the cross-suture repair. The cross-suture technique had a load to failure of 81.43 ± 14.31 N; the hashtag, 86.08 ± 23.58 N; and the crosstag, 62.50 ± 12.15 N. The cross-suture and hashtag repairs both resulted in a greater load to failure when compared with the crosstag (P = .009 and .009, respectively). There was no difference comparing the load required to displace the cross-suture technique 3 mm versus the hashtag or crosstag technique (P = .564 and .094, respectively). However, when compared with the crosstag technique, the hashtag technique required a significantly greater load to displace the repair 3 mm (P = .015). Conclusion: This study introduced 2 novel repair techniques—hashtag and crosstag—that did not demonstrate superiority in terms of load to failure or stiffness, but both repairs were statistically superior to the cross-suture repair in terms of displacement after cyclic loading. Considerations that may influence the validity of these techniques include cost, surgical time, and increased technical demand. Clinical Relevance: Radial tears of the meniscus are difficult to repair. Further research into more stable constructs is necessary.
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Wen HJ, Walsh MP, Yan IK, Takahashi K, Fields A, Patel T. Functional Modulation of Gene Expression by Ultraconserved Long Non-coding RNA TUC338 during Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. iScience 2018; 2:210-220. [PMID: 29888750 PMCID: PMC5993207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TUC338 is an ultraconserved long non-coding RNA that contributes to transformed cell growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genomic regions of TUC338 occupancy were enriched in unique or known binding motifs homologous to the tumor suppressors Pax6 and p53. Genes involved in cell proliferation were enriched within a 9-kb range of TUC338-binding sites. TUC338 RNA-based purification was used to isolate chromatin for mass spectrometry, and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 RNA-binding protein (PAI-RBP1) was identified as a TUC338 RNA-binding partner. The PAI-RBP1 target gene plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) itself could also be post-transcriptionally regulated by TUC338. Thus modulation of transformed cell growth by TUC338 may involve binding to PAI-RBP1 as well as to sequence-defined cis-binding sites to modulate gene expression. These findings suggest that ultraconserved RNAs such as TUC338 can function in a manner analogous to transcription factors to modulate cell proliferation and transformed cell growth in HCC. TUC338 can modulate cell proliferation by sequence-specific genomic binding TUC338 binds to motifs homologous to those of the tumor suppressors Pax6 and p53 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA binding protein is a TUC338-binding protein TUC338 can regulate PAI-RBP1 target gene plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Wen
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Irene K Yan
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alan Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Dang J, Nance S, Ma J, Cheng J, Walsh MP, Vogel P, Easton J, Song G, Rusch M, Gedman AL, Koss C, Downing JR, Gruber TA. AMKL chimeric transcription factors are potent inducers of leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:2228-2234. [PMID: 28174417 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in patients without Down syndrome is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. RNA sequencing of fourteen pediatric cases previously identified novel fusion transcripts that are predicted to be pathological including CBFA2T3-GLIS2, GATA2-HOXA9, MN1-FLI and NIPBL-HOXB9. In contrast to CBFA2T3-GLIS2, which is insufficient to induce leukemia, we demonstrate that the introduction of GATA2-HOXA9, MN1-FLI1 or NIPBL-HOXB9 into murine bone marrow induces overt disease in syngeneic transplant models. With the exception of MN1, full penetrance was not achieved through the introduction of fusion partner genes alone, suggesting that the chimeric transcripts possess a unique gain-of-function phenotype. Leukemias were found to exhibit elements of the megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor gene expression program, as well as unique leukemia-specific signatures that contribute to transformation. Comprehensive genomic analyses of resultant murine tumors revealed few cooperating mutations confirming the strength of the fusion genes and their role as pathological drivers. These models are critical for both the understanding of the biology of disease as well as providing a tool for the identification of effective therapeutic agents in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dang
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Nance
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Ma
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Cheng
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P Vogel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Core, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - G Song
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A L Gedman
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - C Koss
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - T A Gruber
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Abd-Elrahman KS, Colinas O, Walsh EJ, Zhu HL, Campbell CM, Walsh MP, Cole WC. Abnormal myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 phosphorylation and actin polymerization contribute to impaired myogenic regulation of cerebral arterial diameter in the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:227-240. [PMID: 26721393 PMCID: PMC5363741 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15622463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The myogenic response of cerebral resistance arterial smooth muscle to intraluminal pressure elevation is a key physiological mechanism regulating blood flow to the brain. Rho-associated kinase plays a critical role in the myogenic response by activating Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms: (i) Rho-associated kinase inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase by phosphorylating its targeting subunit myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (at T855), augmenting 20 kDa myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphorylation and force generation; and (ii) Rho-associated kinase stimulates cytoskeletal actin polymerization, enhancing force transmission to the cell membrane. Here, we tested the hypothesis that abnormal Rho-associated kinase-mediated myosin light chain phosphatase regulation underlies the dysfunctional cerebral myogenic response of the Goto-Kakizaki rat model of type 2 diabetes. Basal levels of myogenic tone, LC20, and MYPT1-T855 phosphorylation were elevated and G-actin content was reduced in arteries of pre-diabetic 8-10 weeks Goto-Kakizaki rats with normal serum insulin and glucose levels. Pressure-dependent myogenic constriction, LC20, and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 phosphorylation and actin polymerization were suppressed in both pre-diabetic Goto-Kakizaki and diabetic (18-20 weeks) Goto-Kakizaki rats, whereas RhoA, ROK2, and MYPT1 expression were unaffected. We conclude that abnormal Rho-associated kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization contributes to the dysfunctional cerebral myogenic response in the Goto-Kakizaki model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olaia Colinas
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emma J Walsh
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hai-Lei Zhu
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine M Campbell
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William C Cole
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Wu Y, Zhang S, Hao J, Liu H, Wu X, Hu J, Walsh MP, Wallington TJ, Zhang KM, Stevanovic S. On-road vehicle emissions and their control in China: A review and outlook. Sci Total Environ 2017; 574:332-349. [PMID: 27639470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The large (26-fold over the past 25years) increase in the on-road vehicle fleet in China has raised sustainability concerns regarding air pollution prevention, energy conservation, and climate change mitigation. China has established integrated emission control policies and measures since the 1990s, including implementation of emission standards for new vehicles, inspection and maintenance programs for in-use vehicles, improvement in fuel quality, promotion of sustainable transportation and alternative fuel vehicles, and traffic management programs. As a result, emissions of major air pollutants from on-road vehicles in China have peaked and are now declining despite increasing vehicle population. As might be expected, progress in addressing vehicle emissions has not always been smooth and challenges such as the lack of low sulfur fuels, frauds over production conformity and in-use inspection tests, and unreliable retrofit programs have been encountered. Considering the high emission density from vehicles in East China, enhanced vehicle, fuel and transportation strategies will be required to address vehicle emissions in China. We project the total vehicle population in China to reach 400-500 million by 2030. Serious air pollution problems in many cities of China, in particular high ambient PM2.5 concentration, have led to pressure to accelerate the progress on vehicle emission reduction. A notable example is the draft China 6 emission standard released in May 2016, which contains more stringent emission limits than those in the Euro 6 regulations, and adds a real world emission testing protocol and a 48-h evaporation testing procedure including diurnal and hot soak emissions. A scenario (PC[1]) considered in this study suggests that increasingly stringent standards for vehicle emissions could mitigate total vehicle emissions of HC, CO, NOX and PM2.5 in 2030 by approximately 39%, 57%, 59% and 79%, respectively, compared with 2013 levels. With additional actions to control the future light-duty passenger vehicle population growth and use, and introduce alternative fuels and new energy vehicles, the China total vehicle emissions of HC, CO, NOX and PM2.5 in 2030 could be reduced by approximately 57%, 71%, 67% and 84%, respectively, (the PC[2] scenario) relative to 2013. This paper provides detailed policy roadmaps and technical options related to these future emission reductions for governmental stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wu
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiming Hao
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingnan Hu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | | | - Timothy J Wallington
- Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, 2101 Village Road, Dearborn, MI 48121-2053, USA
| | - K Max Zhang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Svetlana Stevanovic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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Al-Ghabkari A, Deng JT, McDonald PC, Dedhar S, Alshehri M, Walsh MP, MacDonald JA. A novel inhibitory effect of oxazol-5-one compounds on ROCKII signaling in human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32118. [PMID: 27573465 PMCID: PMC5004178 DOI: 10.1038/srep32118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of (4Z)-2-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)-1,3-oxazol-5-one (DI) for zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) was previously described by in silico computational modeling, screening a large panel of kinases, and determining the inhibition efficacy. Our assessment of DI revealed another target, the Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCKII). In vitro studies showed DI to be a competitive inhibitor of ROCKII (Ki, 132 nM with respect to ATP). This finding was supported by in silico molecular surface docking of DI with the ROCKII ATP-binding pocket. Time course analysis of myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphorylation catalyzed by ROCKII in vitro revealed a significant decrease upon treatment with DI. ROCKII signaling was investigated in situ in human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). ROCKII down-regulation using siRNA revealed several potential substrates involved in smooth muscle contraction (e.g., LC20, Par-4, MYPT1) and actin cytoskeletal dynamics (cofilin). The application of DI to CASMCs attenuated LC20, Par-4, LIMK, and cofilin phosphorylations. Notably, cofilin phosphorylation was not significantly decreased with a novel ZIPK selective inhibitor (HS-38). In addition, CASMCs treated with DI underwent cytoskeletal changes that were associated with diminution of cofilin phosphorylation. We conclude that DI is not selective for ZIPK and is a potent inhibitor of ROCKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhameed Al-Ghabkari
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jing-Ti Deng
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mana Alshehri
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
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28
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Hong F, Brizendine RK, Carter MS, Alcala DB, Brown AE, Chattin AM, Haldeman BD, Walsh MP, Facemyer KC, Baker JE, Cremo CR. Diffusion of myosin light chain kinase on actin: A mechanism to enhance myosin phosphorylation rates in smooth muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 146:267-80. [PMID: 26415568 PMCID: PMC4586593 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle myosin (SMM) light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates SMM, thereby activating the ATPase activity required for muscle contraction. The abundance of active MLCK, which is tightly associated with the contractile apparatus, is low relative to that of SMM. SMM phosphorylation is rapid despite the low ratio of MLCK to SMM, raising the question of how one MLCK rapidly phosphorylates many SMM molecules. We used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to monitor single molecules of streptavidin-coated quantum dot-labeled MLCK interacting with purified actin, actin bundles, and stress fibers of smooth muscle cells. Surprisingly, MLCK and the N-terminal 75 residues of MLCK (N75) moved on actin bundles and stress fibers of smooth muscle cell cytoskeletons by a random one-dimensional (1-D) diffusion mechanism. Although diffusion of proteins along microtubules and oligonucleotides has been observed previously, this is the first characterization to our knowledge of a protein diffusing in a sustained manner along actin. By measuring the frequency of motion, we found that MLCK motion is permitted only if acto-myosin and MLCK-myosin interactions are weak. From these data, diffusion coefficients, and other kinetic and geometric considerations relating to the contractile apparatus, we suggest that 1-D diffusion of MLCK along actin (a) ensures that diffusion is not rate limiting for phosphorylation, (b) allows MLCK to locate to areas in which myosin is not yet phosphorylated, and (c) allows MLCK to avoid getting "stuck" on myosins that have already been phosphorylated. Diffusion of MLCK along actin filaments may be an important mechanism for enhancing the rate of SMM phosphorylation in smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Richard K Brizendine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Michael S Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Diego B Alcala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Avery E Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Amy M Chattin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Brian D Haldeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kevin C Facemyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Josh E Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
| | - Christine R Cremo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 99557
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Sutherland C, MacDonald JA, Walsh MP. Analysis of phosphorylation of the myosin-targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase by Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C681-91. [PMID: 26864694 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00327.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the myosin-targeting subunit 1 of myosin light chain phosphatase (MYPT1) plays an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction, and several sites of phosphorylation by different protein Ser/Thr kinases have been identified. Furthermore, in some instances, phosphorylation at specific sites affects phosphorylation at neighboring sites, with functional consequences. Characterization of the complex phosphorylation of MYPT1 in tissue samples at rest and in response to contractile and relaxant stimuli is, therefore, challenging. We have exploited Phos-tag SDS-PAGE in combination with Western blotting using antibodies to MYPT1, including phosphospecific antibodies, to separate multiple phosphorylated MYPT1 species and quantify MYPT1 phosphorylation stoichiometry using purified, full-length recombinant MYPT1 phosphorylated by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). This approach confirmed that phosphorylation of MYPT1 by ROCK occurs at Thr(697)and Thr(855), PKA phosphorylates these two sites and the neighboring Ser(696)and Ser(854), and prior phosphorylation at Thr(697)and Thr(855)by ROCK precludes phosphorylation at Ser(696)and Ser(854)by PKA. Furthermore, phosphorylation at Thr(697)and Thr(855)by ROCK exposes two other sites of phosphorylation by PKA. Treatment of Triton-skinned rat caudal arterial smooth muscle strips with the membrane-impermeant phosphatase inhibitor microcystin or treatment of intact tissue with the membrane-permeant phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A induced slow, sustained contractions that correlated with phosphorylation of MYPT1 at 7 to ≥10 sites. Phos-tag SDS-PAGE thus provides a suitable and convenient method for analysis of the complex, multisite MYPT1 phosphorylation events involved in the regulation of myosin light chain phosphatase activity and smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Zhou YX, Shi Z, Singh P, Yin H, Yu YN, Li L, Walsh MP, Gui Y, Zheng XL. Potential Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Regulation of Myocardin Activity in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:393-402. [PMID: 26129946 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, a serine/threonine kinase with an inhibitory role in glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes and skeletal muscle, is also expressed in cardiac and smooth muscles. Inhibition of GSK-3β results in cardiac hypertrophy through reducing phosphorylation and increasing transcriptional activity of myocardin, a transcriptional co-activator for serum response factor. Myocardin plays critical roles in differentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). This study, therefore, aimed to examine whether and how inhibition of GSK-3β regulates myocardin activity in human vascular SMCs. Treatment of SMCs with the GSK-3β inhibitors AR-A014418 and TWS 119 significantly reduced endogenous myocardin activity, as indicated by lower expression of myocardin target genes (and gene products), CNN1 (calponin), TAGLN1 (SM22), and ACTA2 (SM α-actin). In human SMCs overexpressing myocardin through the T-REx system, treatment with either GSK-3β inhibitor also inhibited the expression of CNN1, TAGLN1, and ACTA2. These effects of GSK-3β inhibitors were mimicked by transfection with GSK-3β siRNA. Notably, both AR-A014418 and TWS 119 decreased the serine/threonine phosphorylation of myocardin. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that AR-A014418 treatment reduced myocardin occupancy of the promoter of the myocardin target gene ACTA2. Overexpression of a dominant-negative GSK-3β mutant in myocardin-overexpressing SMCs reduced the expression of calponin, SM22, and SM α-actin. As expected, overexpression of constitutively active or wild-type GSK-3β in SMCs without myocardin overexpression increased expression of these proteins. In summary, our results indicate that inhibition of GSK-3β reduces myocardin transcriptional activity, suggesting a role for GSK-3β in myocardin transcriptional activity and smooth muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xia Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pavneet Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yan-Ni Yu
- Guiyang Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Long Li
- Guiyang Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yu Gui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Diamond EL, Durham BH, Haroche J, Yao Z, Ma J, Parikh SA, Wang Z, Choi J, Kim E, Cohen-Aubart F, Lee SCW, Gao Y, Micol JB, Campbell P, Walsh MP, Sylvester B, Dolgalev I, Aminova O, Heguy A, Zappile P, Nakitandwe J, Ganzel C, Dalton JD, Ellison DW, Estrada-Veras J, Lacouture M, Gahl WA, Stephens PJ, Miller VA, Ross JS, Ali SM, Briggs SR, Fasan O, Block J, Héritier S, Donadieu J, Solit DB, Hyman DM, Baselga J, Janku F, Taylor BS, Park CY, Amoura Z, Dogan A, Emile JF, Rosen N, Gruber TA, Abdel-Wahab O. Diverse and Targetable Kinase Alterations Drive Histiocytic Neoplasms. Cancer Discov 2015; 6:154-65. [PMID: 26566875 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Histiocytic neoplasms are clonal, hematopoietic disorders characterized by an accumulation of abnormal, monocyte-derived dendritic cells or macrophages in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (non-LCH), respectively. The discovery of BRAF(V600E) mutations in approximately 50% of these patients provided the first molecular therapeutic target in histiocytosis. However, recurrent driving mutations in the majority of patients with BRAF(V600E)-wild-type non-LCH are unknown, and recurrent cooperating mutations in non-MAP kinase pathways are undefined for the histiocytic neoplasms. Through combined whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified recurrent kinase fusions involving BRAF, ALK, and NTRK1, as well as recurrent, activating MAP2K1 and ARAF mutations in patients with BRAF(V600E)-wild-type non-LCH. In addition to MAP kinase pathway lesions, recurrently altered genes involving diverse cellular pathways were identified. Treatment of patients with MAP2K1- and ARAF-mutated non-LCH using MEK and RAF inhibitors, respectively, resulted in clinical efficacy, demonstrating the importance of detecting and targeting diverse kinase alterations in these disorders. SIGNIFICANCE We provide the first description of kinase fusions in systemic histiocytic neoplasms and activating ARAF and MAP2K1 mutations in non-Langerhans histiocytic neoplasms. Refractory patients with MAP2K1- and ARAF-mutant histiocytoses had clinical responses to MEK inhibition and sorafenib, respectively, highlighting the importance of comprehensive genomic analysis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli L Diamond
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Julien Haroche
- Internal Medicine Service, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Zhan Yao
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sameer A Parikh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Choi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Stanley Chun-Wei Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yijun Gao
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Baptiste Micol
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Campbell
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brooke Sylvester
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Genome Technology Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Olga Aminova
- Genome Technology Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul Zappile
- Genome Technology Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joy Nakitandwe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Chezi Ganzel
- Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James D Dalton
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Juvianee Estrada-Veras
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mario Lacouture
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William A Gahl
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel R Briggs
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omotayo Fasan
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Jared Block
- Hematopathology, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Sebastien Héritier
- French Reference Center for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France. EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean Donadieu
- French Reference Center for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France. EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David M Hyman
- Developmental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - José Baselga
- Developmental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Internal Medicine Service, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Francois Emile
- Hematopathology, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina. Pathology Service, Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, APHP, Boulogne, France
| | - Neal Rosen
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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MacDonald JA, Sutherland C, Carlson DA, Bhaidani S, Al-Ghabkari A, Swärd K, Haystead TAJ, Walsh MP. A Small Molecule Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidinone Inhibitor of Zipper-Interacting Protein Kinase Suppresses Calcium Sensitization of Vascular Smooth Muscle. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:105-17. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hong F, Brizendine RK, Carter MS, Alcala DB, Brown AE, Chattin AM, Haldeman BD, Walsh MP, Facemyer KC, Baker JE, Cremo CR. Diffusion of myosin light chain kinase on actin: A mechanism to enhance myosin phosphorylation rates in smooth muscle. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2015. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2111oia229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Colinas O, Moreno-Domínguez A, Zhu HL, Walsh EJ, Pérez-García MT, Walsh MP, Cole WC. α5-Integrin-mediated cellular signaling contributes to the myogenic response of cerebral resistance arteries. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:281-91. [PMID: 26278977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The myogenic response of resistance arterioles and small arteries involving constriction in response to intraluminal pressure elevation and dilation on pressure reduction is fundamental to local blood flow regulation in the microcirculation. Integrins have garnered considerable attention in the context of initiating the myogenic response, but evidence indicative of mechanotransduction by integrin adhesions, for example established changes in tyrosine phosphorylation of key adhesion proteins, has not been obtained to substantiate this interpretation. Here, we evaluated the role of integrin adhesions and associated cellular signaling in the rat cerebral arterial myogenic response using function-blocking antibodies against α5β1-integrins, pharmacological inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src family kinase (SFK), an ultra-high-sensitivity western blotting technique, site-specific phosphoprotein antibodies to quantify adhesion and contractile filament protein phosphorylation, and differential centrifugation to determine G-actin levels in rat cerebral arteries at varied intraluminal pressures. Pressure-dependent increases in the levels of phosphorylation of FAK (FAK-Y397, Y576/Y577), SFK (SFK-Y416; Y527 phosphorylation was reduced), vinculin-Y1065, paxillin-Y118 and phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1)-Y783 were detected. Treatment with α5-integrin function-blocking antibodies, FAK inhibitor FI-14 or SFK inhibitor SU6656 suppressed the changes in adhesion protein phosphorylation, and prevented pressure-dependent phosphorylation of the myosin targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (MYPT1) at T855 and 20kDa myosin regulatory light chains (LC20) at S19, as well as actin polymerization that are necessary for myogenic constriction. We conclude that mechanotransduction by integrin adhesions and subsequent cellular signaling play a fundamental role in the cerebral arterial myogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Colinas
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Alejandro Moreno-Domínguez
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Hai-Lei Zhu
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Emma J Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - William C Cole
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Mills RD, Mita M, Walsh MP. A role for the Ca2+-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2 in tonic depolarization-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:479-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gui Y, Shi Z, Wang Z, Li JJ, Xu C, Tian R, Song X, Walsh MP, Li D, Gao J, Zheng XL. The GPER agonist G-1 induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells independent of GPER. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:885-95. [PMID: 25204801 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. The GPER selective agonist G-1 has been a useful tool for exploring the biological roles of GPER in a variety of experimental settings, including SMC proliferation. The present study, originally designed to investigate cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying the regulatory role of GPER in vascular SMC proliferation using G-1, unexpectedly revealed off-target effects of G-1. G-1(1-10 μM) inhibited bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation of human SMCs and caused G2/M cell accumulation. G-1 treatment also increased mitotic index concurrent with a decrease in phosphorylation of Cdk1 (Tyr 15) and an increase in phosphorylation of the mitotic checkpoint protein BuBR1. Furthermore, G-1 caused microtubule disruption, mitotic spindle damage, and tubulin depolymerization. G-1 induced cell apoptosis as indicated by the appearance of TUNEL-positive and annexin V-positive cells with enhanced cleavage of caspases 3 and 9. However, neither the GPER antagonist G-15 nor the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 prevented these G-1 effects. Down-regulation of GPER or p44/42 MAPK with siRNA transfection also did not affect the G-1-induced apoptosis. We conclude that G-1 inhibits proliferation of SMCs through mechanisms involving mitotic arrest and apoptosis, independent of GPER and the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gui
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Deng JT, Wang XL, Chen YX, O’Brien ER, Gui Y, Walsh MP. The effects of knockdown of rho-associated kinase 1 and zipper-interacting protein kinase on gene expression and function in cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116969. [PMID: 25723491 PMCID: PMC4344299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) have been implicated in diverse physiological functions. ROCK1 phosphorylates and activates ZIPK suggesting that at least some of these physiological functions may require both enzymes. To test the hypothesis that sequential activation of ROCK1 and ZIPK is commonly involved in regulatory pathways, we utilized siRNA to knock down ROCK1 and ZIPK in cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Microarray analysis using a whole-transcript expression chip identified changes in gene expression induced by ROCK1 and ZIPK knockdown. ROCK1 knockdown affected the expression of 553 genes, while ZIPK knockdown affected the expression of 390 genes. A high incidence of regulation of transcription regulator genes was observed in both knockdowns. Other affected groups included transporters, kinases, peptidases, transmembrane and G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, phosphatases and ion channels. Only 76 differentially expressed genes were common to ROCK1 and ZIPK knockdown. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified five pathways shared between the two knockdowns. We focused on cytokine signaling pathways since ROCK1 knockdown up-regulated 5 and down-regulated 4 cytokine genes, in contrast to ZIPK knockdown, which affected the expression of only two cytokine genes (both down-regulated). IL-6 gene expression and secretion of IL-6 protein were up-regulated by ROCK1 knockdown, whereas ZIPK knockdown reduced IL-6 mRNA expression and IL-6 protein secretion and increased ROCK1 protein expression, suggesting that ROCK1 may inhibit IL-6 secretion. IL-1β mRNA and protein levels were increased in response to ROCK1 knockdown. Differences in the effects of ROCK1 and ZIPK knockdown on cell cycle regulatory genes suggested that ROCK1 and ZIPK regulate the cell cycle by different mechanisms. ROCK1, but not ZIPK knockdown reduced the viability and inhibited proliferation of vascular SMC. We conclude that ROCK1 and ZIPK have diverse, but predominantly distinct regulatory functions in vascular SMC and that ROCK1-mediated activation of ZIPK is not involved in most of these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ti Deng
- Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiu-Ling Wang
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute Microarray and Genomics Facility, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward R. O’Brien
- Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yu Gui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mills RD, Mita M, Nakagawa JI, Shoji M, Sutherland C, Walsh MP. A role for the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 in depolarization-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8677-92. [PMID: 25713079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Depolarization of the vascular smooth muscle cell membrane evokes a rapid (phasic) contractile response followed by a sustained (tonic) contraction. We showed previously that the sustained contraction involves genistein-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation upstream of the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROK) pathway leading to phosphorylation of MYPT1 (the myosin-targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP)) and myosin regulatory light chains (LC20). In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that membrane depolarization elicits activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2). Pyk2 was identified as the major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in response to membrane depolarization. The tonic phase of K(+)-induced contraction was inhibited by the Pyk2 inhibitor sodium salicylate, which abolished the sustained elevation of LC20 phosphorylation. Membrane depolarization induced autophosphorylation (activation) of Pyk2 with a time course that correlated with the sustained contractile response. The Pyk2/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF-431396 inhibited both phasic and tonic components of the contractile response to K(+), Pyk2 autophosphorylation, and LC20 phosphorylation but had no effect on the calyculin A (MLCP inhibitor)-induced contraction. Ionomycin, in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), elicited a slow, sustained contraction and Pyk2 autophosphorylation, which were blocked by pre-treatment with PF-431396. Furthermore, the Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine inhibited peak and sustained K(+)-induced force and Pyk2 autophosphorylation. Inhibition of Pyk2 abolished the K(+)-induced translocation of RhoA to the particulate fraction and the phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr-697 and Thr-855. We conclude that depolarization-induced entry of Ca(2+) activates Pyk2 upstream of the RhoA/ROK pathway, leading to MYPT1 phosphorylation and MLCP inhibition. The resulting sustained elevation of LC20 phosphorylation then accounts for the tonic contractile response to membrane depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Mills
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Mitsuo Mita
- the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nakagawa
- the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Masaru Shoji
- the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Michael P Walsh
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
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Abd-Elrahman KS, Walsh MP, Cole WC. Abnormal Rho-associated kinase activity contributes to the dysfunctional myogenic response of cerebral arteries in type 2 diabetes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:177-84. [PMID: 25660561 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The structural and functional integrity of the brain, and therefore, cognition, are critically dependent on the appropriate control of blood flow within the cerebral circulation. Inadequate flow leads to ischemia, whereas excessive flow causes small vessel rupture and (or) blood-brain-barrier disruption. Cerebral blood flow is controlled through the interplay of several physiological mechanisms that regulate the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the walls of cerebral resistance arteries and arterioles. The myogenic response of cerebral VSMCs is a key mechanism that is responsible for maintaining constant blood flow during variations in systemic pressure, i.e., flow autoregulation. Inappropriate myogenic control of cerebral blood flow is associated with, and prognostic of, neurological deterioration and poor outcome in patients with several conditions, including type 2 diabetes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the role of inappropriate Rho-associated kinase activity as a cause of impaired myogenic regulation of cerebral arterial diameter in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- The Smooth Muscle Research Group, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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40
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Takeya K, Wang X, Sutherland C, Kathol I, Loutzenhiser K, Loutzenhiser RD, Walsh MP. Involvement of myosin regulatory light chain diphosphorylation in sustained vasoconstriction under pathophysiological conditions. J Smooth Muscle Res 2014; 50:18-28. [PMID: 24770446 PMCID: PMC5137258 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.50.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle contraction is activated primarily by phosphorylation at Ser19 of the
regulatory light chain subunits (LC20) of myosin II, catalysed by
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase.
Ca2+-independent contraction can be induced by inhibition of myosin light chain
phosphatase, which correlates with diphosphorylation of LC20 at Ser19 and
Thr18, catalysed by integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and zipper-interacting protein kinase
(ZIPK). LC20 diphosphorylation at Ser19 and Thr18 has been detected in
mammalian vascular smooth muscle tissues in response to specific contractile stimuli (e.g.
endothelin-1 stimulation of rat renal afferent arterioles) and in pathophysiological
situations associated with hypercontractility (e.g. cerebral vasospasm following
subarachnoid hemorrhage). Comparison of the effects of LC20 monophosphorylation
at Ser19 and diphosphorylation at Ser19 and Thr18 on contraction and relaxation of
Triton-skinned rat caudal arterial smooth muscle revealed that phosphorylation at Thr18
has no effect on steady-state force induced by Ser19 phosphorylation. On the other hand,
the rates of dephosphorylation and relaxation are significantly slower following
diphosphorylation at Thr18 and Ser19 compared to monophosphorylation at Ser19. We propose
that this diphosphorylation mechanism underlies the prolonged contractile response of
particular vascular smooth muscle tissues to specific stimuli, e.g. endothelin-1
stimulation of renal afferent arterioles, and the vasospastic behavior observed in
pathological conditions such as cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage and
coronary arterial vasospasm. ILK and ZIPK may, therefore, be useful therapeutic targets
for the treatment of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takeya
- Department of Physiology, Asahikawa Medical College, Hokkaido, Japan
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41
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Takeya K, Wang X, Kathol I, Loutzenhiser K, Loutzenhiser R, Walsh MP. Endothelin-1, but not angiotensin II, induces afferent arteriolar myosin diphosphorylation as a potential contributor to prolonged vasoconstriction. Kidney Int 2014; 87:370-81. [PMID: 25140913 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bolus administration of endothelin-1 elicits long-lasting renal afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction, in contrast to transient constriction induced by angiotensin II. Vasoconstriction is generally evoked by myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphorylation at Ser19 by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which is enhanced by Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-mediated inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). LC20 can be diphosphorylated at Ser19 and Thr18, resulting in reduced rates of dephosphorylation and relaxation. Here we tested whether LC20 diphosphorylation contributes to sustained endothelin-1 but not transient angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. Endothelin-1 treatment of isolated arterioles elicited a concentration- and time-dependent increase in LC20 diphosphorylation at Thr18 and Ser19. Inhibition of MLCK or ROCK reduced endothelin-1-evoked LC20 mono- and diphosphorylation. Pretreatment with an ETB but not an ETA receptor antagonist abolished LC20 diphosphorylation, and an ETB receptor agonist induced LC20 diphosphorylation. In contrast, angiotensin II caused phosphorylation exclusively at Ser19. Thus, endothelin-1 and angiotensin II induce afferent arteriolar constriction via LC20 phosphorylation at Ser19 due to calcium activation of MLCK and ROCK-mediated inhibition of MLCP. Endothelin-1, but not angiotensin II, induces phosphorylation of LC20 at Thr18. This could contribute to the prolonged vasoconstrictor response to endothelin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takeya
- 1] Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [2] Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Iris Kathol
- 1] Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada [2] Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathy Loutzenhiser
- Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rodger Loutzenhiser
- Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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42
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Moreno-Domínguez A, El-Yazbi AF, Zhu HL, Colinas O, Zhong XZ, Walsh EJ, Cole DM, Kargacin GJ, Walsh MP, Cole WC. Cytoskeletal reorganization evoked by Rho-associated kinase- and protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of cofilin and heat shock protein 27, respectively, contributes to myogenic constriction of rat cerebral arteries. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:20939-52. [PMID: 24914207 PMCID: PMC4110300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular events contributing to myogenic control of diameter in cerebral resistance arteries in response to changes in intravascular pressure, a fundamental mechanism regulating blood flow to the brain, is incomplete. Myosin light chain kinase and phosphatase activities are known to be increased and decreased, respectively, to augment phosphorylation of the 20-kDa regulatory light chain subunits (LC20) of myosin II, which permits cross-bridge cycling and force development. Here, we assessed the contribution of dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and thin filament regulation to the myogenic response and serotonin-evoked constriction of pressurized rat middle cerebral arteries. Arterial diameter and the levels of phosphorylated LC(20), calponin, caldesmon, cofilin, and HSP27, as well as G-actin content, were determined. A decline in G-actin content was observed following pressurization from 10 mm Hg to between 40 and 120 mm Hg and in three conditions in which myogenic or agonist-evoked constriction occurred in the absence of a detectable change in LC20 phosphorylation. No changes in thin filament protein phosphorylation were evident. Pressurization reduced G-actin content and elevated the levels of cofilin and HSP27 phosphorylation. Inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase and PKC prevented the decline in G-actin; reduced cofilin and HSP27 phosphoprotein content, respectively; and blocked the myogenic response. Furthermore, phosphorylation modulators of HSP27 and cofilin induced significant changes in arterial diameter and G-actin content of myogenically active arteries. Taken together, our findings suggest that dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton involving increased actin polymerization in response to Rho-associated kinase and PKC signaling contributes significantly to force generation in myogenic constriction of cerebral resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
| | - Hai-Lei Zhu
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
| | - Olaia Colinas
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
| | - X. Zoë Zhong
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
| | - Emma J. Walsh
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
| | - Dylan M. Cole
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
| | - Gary J. Kargacin
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - William C. Cole
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and
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Justilien V, Walsh MP, Ali SA, Thompson EA, Murray NR, Fields AP. The PRKCI and SOX2 oncogenes are coamplified and cooperate to activate Hedgehog signaling in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:139-51. [PMID: 24525231 PMCID: PMC3949484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report that two oncogenes coamplified on chromosome 3q26, PRKCI and SOX2, cooperate to drive a stem-like phenotype in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Protein kinase Cι (PKCι) phosphorylates SOX2, a master transcriptional regulator of stemness, and recruits it to the promoter of Hedgehog (Hh) acyltransferase (HHAT) that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in Hh ligand production. PKCι-mediated SOX2 phosphorylation is required for HHAT promoter occupancy, HHAT expression, and maintenance of a stem-like phenotype. Primary LSCC tumors coordinately overexpress PKCι, SOX2, and HHAT and require PKCι-SOX2-HHAT signaling to maintain a stem-like phenotype. Thus, PKCι and SOX2 are genetically, biochemically, and functionally linked in LSCC, and together they drive tumorigenesis by establishing a cell-autonomous Hh signaling axis.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/genetics
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Syed A Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - E Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Justilien V, Walsh MP, Ali SA, Thompson EA, Fields AP. Abstract B02: Protein Kinase C iota is required for the maintenance of a tumor-initiating cell phenotype in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.14aacriaslc-b02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Protein kinase C iota (PKCι) is an oncogene that is frequently targeted for tumor-specific gene amplification in human cancers harboring the 3q26 amplicon including Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC). PKCι is required for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, PKCι is critical for lung tumorigenesis in the LSL-K-rasG12D mouse model of NSCLC. Recently, we demonstrated that genetic disruption of Prkcι/λ; in LSL-K-rasG12D mice blocks K-ras-mediated expansion and morphological transformation of bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs), the first identifiable step in K-ras-mediated transformation in this model. These results demonstrate that PKCι plays a requisite role in tumor initiation, and suggest that PKCι may serve a similar role in the tumor-initiating activity of lung cancer stem cells. Our current studies aim to identify and characterize the molecular signaling pathway(s) by which PKCι regulates the biology of human lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tumor initiating cells (TICs) isolated from LSCC cell lines and primary tumors.
Methods: Cultures enriched in TICs were established from LSCC lines or primary human LSCC tumors that harbor PRKCI amplification. PKCι expression in TIC cultures was inhibited by lentiviral shRNA, and the effect of PKCι knockdown on their stem-like properties was assessed. Whole genome deep sequencing analysis was performed on mRNA from parental, control TIC and PKCι knockdown TIC cultures in order to identify PKCι-regulated targets and signaling pathways in TICs.
Results: LSCC TIC cultures express putative stem cell markers, and exhibit clonal expansion, self-renewal, enhanced anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenic potential in vivo. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PKCι inhibited TIC growth, clonal expansion, transformed growth and tumor initiation. mRNA sequencing revealed that PKCι regulates the expression and function of critical molecules involved in the stem-like phenotype of LSCC TICs. Details of PKCι-mediated signaling in LSCC TICs will be discussed.
Conclusions: PKCι is required for maintenance of a highly tumorigenic stem-like population of cells in human LSCC. Given the prevalence of 3q26 amplification in human cancer, PKCι may regulate the biology of TICs in tumor types other than LSCC. Our results provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of PKCι in LSCC TICs.
Citation Format: Verline Justilien, Michael P. Walsh, Syed A. Ali, E. A. Thompson, Alan P. Fields. Protein Kinase C iota is required for the maintenance of a tumor-initiating cell phenotype in lung squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr B02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verline Justilien
- 1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- 1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Syed A. Ali
- 1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - E. A. Thompson
- 1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Alan P. Fields
- 1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Carlson DA, Franke AS, Weitzel DH, Speer BL, Hughes PF, Hagerty L, Fortner CN, Veal JM, Barta TE, Zieba BJ, Somlyo AV, Sutherland C, Deng JT, Walsh MP, MacDonald JA, Haystead TAJ. Fluorescence linked enzyme chemoproteomic strategy for discovery of a potent and selective DAPK1 and ZIPK inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2715-23. [PMID: 24070067 DOI: 10.1021/cb400407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DAPK1 and ZIPK (also called DAPK3) are closely related serine/threonine protein kinases that regulate programmed cell death and phosphorylation of non-muscle and smooth muscle myosin. We have developed a fluorescence linked enzyme chemoproteomic strategy (FLECS) for the rapid identification of inhibitors for any element of the purinome and identified a selective pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone (HS38) that inhibits DAPK1 and ZIPK in an ATP-competitive manner at nanomolar concentrations. In cellular studies, HS38 decreased RLC20 phosphorylation. In ex vivo studies, HS38 decreased contractile force generated in mouse aorta, rabbit ileum, and calyculin A stimulated arterial muscle by decreasing RLC20 and MYPT1 phosphorylation. The inhibitor also promoted relaxation in Ca(2+)-sensitized vessels. A close structural analogue (HS43) with 5-fold lower affinity for ZIPK produced no effect on cells or tissues. These findings are consistent with a mechanism of action wherein HS38 specifically targets ZIPK in smooth muscle. The discovery of HS38 provides a lead scaffold for the development of therapeutic agents for smooth muscle related disorders and a chemical means to probe the function of DAPK1 and ZIPK across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Carlson
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Aaron S. Franke
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Douglas H. Weitzel
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Brittany L. Speer
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Philip F. Hughes
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Laura Hagerty
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Christopher N. Fortner
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - James M. Veal
- Quanticel
Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Thomas E. Barta
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Bartosz J. Zieba
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Avril V. Somlyo
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Smooth Muscle Research Group at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jing Ti Deng
- Smooth Muscle Research Group at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Justin A. MacDonald
- Smooth Muscle Research Group at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Timothy A. J. Haystead
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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46
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Hong F, Facemyer KC, Carter MS, Jackson DR, Haldeman BD, Ruana N, Sutherland C, Walsh MP, Cremo CR, Baker JE. Kinetics of myosin light chain kinase activation of smooth muscle myosin in an in vitro model system. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8489-500. [PMID: 24144337 DOI: 10.1021/bi401001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During activation of smooth muscle contraction, one myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) molecule rapidly phosphorylates many smooth muscle myosin (SMM) molecules, suggesting that muscle activation rates are influenced by the kinetics of MLCK-SMM interactions. To determine the rate-limiting step underlying activation of SMM by MLCK, we measured the kinetics of calcium-calmodulin (Ca²⁺CaM)-MLCK-mediated SMM phosphorylation and the corresponding initiation of SMM-based F-actin motility in an in vitro system with SMM attached to a coverslip surface. Fitting the time course of SMM phosphorylation to a kinetic model gave an initial phosphorylation rate, kp(o), of ~1.17 heads s⁻¹ MLCK⁻¹. Also, we measured the dwell time of single streptavidin-coated quantum dot-labeled MLCK molecules interacting with surface-attached SMM and phosphorylated SMM using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. From these data, the dissociation rate constant from phosphorylated SMM was 0.80 s⁻¹, which was similar to the kp(o) mentioned above and with rates measured in solution. This dissociation rate was essentially independent of the phosphorylation state of SMM. From calculations using our measured dissociation rates and Kd values, and estimates of SMM and MLCK concentrations in muscle, we predict that the dissociation of MLCK from phosphorylated SMM is rate-limiting and that the rate of the phosphorylation step is faster than this dissociation rate. Also, association with SMM (11-46 s⁻¹) would be much faster than with pSMM (<0.1-0.2 s⁻¹). This suggests that the probability of MLCK interacting with unphosphorylated versus phosphorylated SMM is 55-460 times greater. This would avoid sequestering MLCK to unproductive interactions with previously phosphorylated SMM, potentially leading to faster rates of phosphorylation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine , Reno, Nevada 99557, United States
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47
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Hong F, Facemyer KC, Carter MS, Jackson DR, Haldeman BD, Ruana N, Sutherland C, Walsh MP, Cremo CR, Baker JE. Kinetics of myosin light chain kinase activation of smooth muscle myosin in an in vitro model system. Biochemistry 2013. [PMID: 24144337 DOI: 10.1021/bi4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During activation of smooth muscle contraction, one myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) molecule rapidly phosphorylates many smooth muscle myosin (SMM) molecules, suggesting that muscle activation rates are influenced by the kinetics of MLCK-SMM interactions. To determine the rate-limiting step underlying activation of SMM by MLCK, we measured the kinetics of calcium-calmodulin (Ca²⁺CaM)-MLCK-mediated SMM phosphorylation and the corresponding initiation of SMM-based F-actin motility in an in vitro system with SMM attached to a coverslip surface. Fitting the time course of SMM phosphorylation to a kinetic model gave an initial phosphorylation rate, kp(o), of ~1.17 heads s⁻¹ MLCK⁻¹. Also, we measured the dwell time of single streptavidin-coated quantum dot-labeled MLCK molecules interacting with surface-attached SMM and phosphorylated SMM using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. From these data, the dissociation rate constant from phosphorylated SMM was 0.80 s⁻¹, which was similar to the kp(o) mentioned above and with rates measured in solution. This dissociation rate was essentially independent of the phosphorylation state of SMM. From calculations using our measured dissociation rates and Kd values, and estimates of SMM and MLCK concentrations in muscle, we predict that the dissociation of MLCK from phosphorylated SMM is rate-limiting and that the rate of the phosphorylation step is faster than this dissociation rate. Also, association with SMM (11-46 s⁻¹) would be much faster than with pSMM (<0.1-0.2 s⁻¹). This suggests that the probability of MLCK interacting with unphosphorylated versus phosphorylated SMM is 55-460 times greater. This would avoid sequestering MLCK to unproductive interactions with previously phosphorylated SMM, potentially leading to faster rates of phosphorylation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine , Reno, Nevada 99557, United States
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48
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Jamshidiha M, Ishida H, Sutherland C, Gifford JL, Walsh MP, Vogel HJ. Structural analysis of a calmodulin variant from rice: the C-terminal extension of OsCaM61 regulates its calcium binding and enzyme activation properties. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32036-49. [PMID: 24052265 PMCID: PMC3814798 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OsCaM61 is one of five calmodulins known to be present in Oryza sativa that relays the increase of cytosolic [Ca(2+)] to downstream targets. OsCaM61 bears a unique C-terminal extension with a prenylation site. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy we studied the behavior of the calmodulin (CaM) domain and the C-terminal extension of OsCaM61 in the absence and presence of Ca(2+). NMR dynamics data for OsCaM61 indicate that the two lobes of the CaM domain act together unlike the independent behavior of the lobes seen in mammalian CaM and soybean CaM4. Also, data demonstrate that the positively charged nuclear localization signal region in the tail in apo-OsCaM61 is helical, whereas it becomes flexible in the Ca(2+)-saturated protein. The extra helix in apo-OsCaM61 provides additional interactions in the C-lobe and increases the structural stability of the closed apo conformation. This leads to a decrease in the Ca(2+) binding affinity of EF-hands III and IV in OsCaM61. In Ca(2+)-OsCaM61, the basic nuclear localization signal cluster adopts an extended conformation, exposing the C-terminal extension for prenylation or enabling OsCaM61 to be transferred to the nucleus. Moreover, Ser(172) and Ala(173), residues in the tail, interact with different regions of the protein. These interactions affect the ability of OsCaM61 to activate different target proteins. Altogether, our data show that the tail is not simply a linker between the prenyl group and the protein but that it also provides a new regulatory mechanism that some plants have developed to fine-tune Ca(2+) signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jamshidiha
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada and
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada and
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1,Canada
| | - Jessica L. Gifford
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada and
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1,Canada
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada and
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49
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Mita M, Tanaka H, Yanagihara H, Nakagawa JI, Hishinuma S, Sutherland C, Walsh MP, Shoji M. Membrane depolarization-induced RhoA/Rho-associated kinase activation and sustained contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle involves genistein-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation. J Smooth Muscle Res 2013; 49:26-45. [PMID: 24133693 PMCID: PMC5137315 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.49.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinase (ROK) activation plays an important role in K+-induced
contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle (Mita et al., Biochem J. 2002; 364:
431–40). The present study investigated a potential role for tyrosine kinase activity in
K+-induced RhoA activation and contraction. The non-selective tyrosine kinase
inhibitor genistein, but not the src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2, inhibited
K+-induced sustained contraction (IC50 = 11.3 ± 2.4 µM). Genistein
(10 µM) inhibited the K+-induced increase in myosin light chain
(LC20) phosphorylation without affecting the Ca2+ transient. The
tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate induced contraction that was reversed by genistein
(IC50 = 6.5 ± 2.3 µM) and the ROK inhibitor Y-27632 (IC50 = 0.27 ±
0.04 µM). Vanadate also increased LC20 phosphorylation in a genistein- and
Y-27632-dependent manner. K+ stimulation induced translocation of RhoA to the
membrane, which was inhibited by genistein. Phosphorylation of MYPT1 (myosin-targeting
subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase) was significantly increased at Thr855 and
Thr697 by K+ stimulation in a genistein- and Y-27632-sensitive manner. Finally,
K+ stimulation induced genistein-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation of
proteins of ∼55, 70 and 113 kDa. We conclude that a genistein-sensitive tyrosine kinase,
activated by the membrane depolarization-induced increase in
[Ca2+]i, is involved in the RhoA/ROK activation and sustained
contraction induced by K+. Ca2+ sensitization, myosin light chain
phosphatase, RhoA, Rho-associated kinase, tyrosine kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Mita
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Hayato Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Masaru Shoji
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical
University, Japan
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50
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Abrahamson JT, Sempere B, Walsh MP, Forman JM, Sen F, Sen S, Mahajan SG, Paulus GLC, Wang QH, Choi W, Strano MS. Excess thermopower and the theory of thermopower waves. ACS Nano 2013; 7:6533-6544. [PMID: 23889080 DOI: 10.1021/nn402411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-propagating exothermic chemical reactions can generate electrical pulses when guided along a conductive conduit such as a carbon nanotube. However, these thermopower waves are not described by an existing theory to explain the origin of power generation or why its magnitude exceeds the predictions of the Seebeck effect. In this work, we present a quantitative theory that describes the electrical dynamics of thermopower waves, showing that they produce an excess thermopower additive to the Seebeck prediction. Using synchronized, high-speed thermal, voltage, and wave velocity measurements, we link the additional power to the chemical potential gradient created by chemical reaction (up to 100 mV for picramide and sodium azide on carbon nanotubes). This theory accounts for the waves' unipolar voltage, their ability to propagate on good thermal conductors, and their high power, which is up to 120% larger than conventional thermopower from a fiber of all-semiconducting SWNTs. These results underscore the potential to exceed conventional figures of merit for thermoelectricity and allow us to bound the maximum power and efficiency attainable for such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Abrahamson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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