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Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, de Goede J, Zock PL, Kromhout D, Geleijnse JM. Dietary and Circulating Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Alpha Omega Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022617. [PMID: 34845924 PMCID: PMC9075367 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Habitual intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) from fish, has been associated with a lower risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in population-based studies. Whether that is also the case for patients with CHD is not yet clear. We studied the associations of dietary and circulating EPA+DHA and alpha-linolenic acid, a plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids, with long-term mortality risk after myocardial infarction. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 4067 Dutch patients with prior myocardial infarction aged 60 to 80 years (79% men, 86% on statins) enrolled in the Alpha Omega Cohort from 2002 to 2006 (baseline) and followed through 2018. Baseline intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids were assessed through a validated 203-item food frequency questionnaire and circulating omega-3 fatty acids were assessed in plasma cholesteryl esters. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were obtained from Cox regression analyses. During a median follow-up period of 12 years, 1877 deaths occurred, of which 515 were from CHD and 834 from cardiovascular diseases. Dietary intake of EPA+DHA was significantly inversely associated with only CHD mortality (HR, 0.69 [0.52-0.90] for >200 versus ≤50 mg/d; HR, 0.92 [0.86-0.98] per 100 mg/d). Similar results were obtained for fish consumption (HRCHD, 0.74 [0.53-1.03] for >40 versus ≤5 g/d; Ptrend: 0.031). Circulating EPA+DHA was inversely associated with CHD mortality (HR, 0.71 [0.53-0.94] for >2.52% versus ≤1.29%; 0.85 [0.77-0.95] per 1-SD) and also with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Dietary and circulating alpha-linolenic acid were not significantly associated with mortality end points. Conclusions In a cohort of Dutch patients with prior myocardial infarction, higher dietary and circulating EPA+DHA and fish intake were consistently associated with a lower CHD mortality risk. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03192410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalita Pertiwi
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Leanne K Küpers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Janette de Goede
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Peter L Zock
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
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Tejedor S, Dolz‐Pérez I, Decker CG, Hernándiz A, Diez JL, Álvarez R, Castellano D, García NA, Ontoria‐Oviedo I, Nebot VJ, González‐King H, Igual B, Sepúlveda P, Vicent MJ. Polymer Conjugation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Potentiates Cardioprotective Therapy in Preclinical Models of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002121. [PMID: 33720548 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
While coronary angioplasty represents an effective treatment option following acute myocardial infarction, the reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery can prompt ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that significantly impacts patient outcomes. As ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proven, yet limited cardioprotective abilities, an optimized polymer-conjugation approach is reported that improves PUFAs bioavailability to enhance cardioprotection and recovery in animal models of I/R-induced injury. Poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) conjugation improves the solubility and stability of di-docosahexaenoic acid (diDHA) under physiological conditions and protects rat neonatal ventricular myocytes from I/R injury by reducing apoptosis, attenuating autophagy, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Enhanced protective abilities are associated with optimized diDHA loading and evidence is provided for the inherent cardioprotective potential of PGA itself. Pretreatment with PGA-diDHA before reperfusion in a small animal I/R model provides for cardioprotection and limits area at risk (AAR). Furthermore, the preliminary findings suggest that PGA-diDHA administration in a swine I/R model may provide cardioprotection, limit edema and decrease AAR. Overall, the evaluation of PGA-diDHA in relevant preclinical models provides evidence for the potential of polymer-conjugated PUFAs in the mitigation of I/R injury associated with coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tejedor
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Irene Dolz‐Pérez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Caitlin G. Decker
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Amparo Hernándiz
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Jose L. Diez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Delia Castellano
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Nahuel A. García
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Imelda Ontoria‐Oviedo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Vicent J. Nebot
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions S.L. Av. Benjamin Franklin 19, Paterna Valencia 46980 Spain
| | - Hernán González‐King
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Begoña Igual
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
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Wells MA, See Hoe LE, Heather LC, Molenaar P, Suen JY, Peart J, McGiffin D, Fraser JF. Peritransplant Cardiometabolic and Mitochondrial Function: The Missing Piece in Donor Heart Dysfunction and Graft Failure. Transplantation 2021; 105:496-508. [PMID: 33617201 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. Donor brain stem death (BSD) is a significant contributor to donor heart dysfunction and primary graft dysfunction. There remain substantial gaps in the mechanistic understanding of peritransplant cardiac dysfunction. One of these gaps is cardiac metabolism and metabolic function. The healthy heart is an "omnivore," capable of utilizing multiple sources of nutrients to fuel its enormous energetic demand. When this fails, metabolic inflexibility leads to myocardial dysfunction. Data have hinted at metabolic disturbance in the BSD donor and subsequent heart transplantation; however, there is limited evidence demonstrating specific metabolic or mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will examine the literature surrounding cardiometabolic and mitochondrial function in the BSD donor, organ preservation, and subsequent cardiac transplantation. A more comprehensive understanding of this subject may then help to identify important cardioprotective strategies to improve the number and quality of donor hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Wells
- School of medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
- Prince Charles Hospital Northside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
- Prince Charles Hospital Northside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jason Peart
- School of medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David McGiffin
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
- Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- School of medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
- Prince Charles Hospital Northside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Dong J, Feng X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xia F, Liu L, Jin Z, Lu C, Xia Y, Papadimos TJ, Xu X. ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion preconditioning mitigates myocardial oxidative damage in rats through aldehydes stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109198. [PMID: 31336342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ω-3 fish oil fat emulsions contain a considerable quantity of unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds, which undergo lipid peroxidation to yield low-dose aldehydes. These aldehydes may stimulate the production of antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating myocardial oxidative damage. This study aims to (1) verify the cardioprotective effect of ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion in vivo and in vitro, and (2) determine whether aldehyde stress is a protective mechanism. For modeling purposes, we pretreated rats with 2 ml/kg of a 10% ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion for 5 days in order to generate a sufficient aldehyde stress response to trigger the production of antioxidant enzymes, and we obtained similar response with H9C2 cells that were pretreated with a 0.5% ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion for 24 h. ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion pretreatment in vivo reduced the myocardial infarct size, decreased the incidence of arrhythmias, and promoted the recovery of cardiac function after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Once the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was silenced in H9C2 cells, aldehydes no longer produced enough antioxidant enzymes to reverse the oxidative damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Our results demonstrated that ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion enhanced the inhibition of oxidation and production of free radicals, and alleviated myocardial oxidative injury via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaona Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxiong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhousheng Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caijiao Lu
- Burn Wound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Papadimos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xuzhong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Omega-3 Index and Anti-Arrhythmic Potential of Omega-3 PUFAs. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111191. [PMID: 29084142 PMCID: PMC5707663 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are permanent subjects of interest in relation to the protection of cardiovascular health and the prevention of the incidence of both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. The purpose of this updated review is to focus on the novel cellular and molecular effects of omega-3 PUFAs, in the context of the mechanisms and factors involved in the development of cardiac arrhythmias; to provide results of the most recent studies on the omega-3 PUFA anti-arrhythmic efficacy and to discuss the lack of the benefit in relation to omega-3 PUFA status. The evidence is in the favor of omega-3 PUFA acute and long-term treatment, perhaps with mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. However, for a more objective evaluation of the anti-arrhythmic potential of omega-3 PUFAs in clinical trials, it is necessary to monitor the basal pre-interventional omega-3 status of individuals, i.e., red blood cell content, omega-3 index and free plasma levels. In the view of evidence-based medicine, it seems to be crucial to aim to establish new approaches in the prevention of cardiac arrhythmias and associated morbidity and mortality that comes with these conditions.
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Zhang C, Liu X, Zhang C, Li J, Guo W, Yan D, Yang C, Zhao J, Wu X, Shi J. Phosphorylated eEF2 is SUMOylated and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial ischemia reperfusion. J Cardiol 2017; 69:689-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ishii H, Murohara T. Protective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction – A new target to prevent reperfusion injury. J Cardiol 2015; 66:97-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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