Intraspecific molecular variation among Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) populations collected from different regions in saudi arabia

Evolutionary history of a cold-adapted limnephilid caddisfly: Effects of climate change and topography on genetic structure

The distribution of organisms is influenced by complex factors such as the phylogenetic evolutionary histories of species, the physiological and ecological characteristics of organisms, climate, and geographical and geohistorical features. In this study, we focused on a caddisfly, Asynarchus sachalinensis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), which has adapted to cold habitats. From phylogeographic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA regions and the nuclear DNA (nDNA) 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD), elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1-α), and RNA polymerase II (POLII) regions, two distinct genetic clades were detected. Clade I was shown to be widely distributed from Sakhalin to Honshu, whereas Clade II was only distributed within Honshu. The distributions of these clades overlapped in Honshu. The habitats were located at relatively lower altitudes for Clade I and higher altitudes for Clade II. The divergence time of these clades was estimated to be during the Pleistocene, indicating that repeated climatic changes facilitated distributional shifts. Haplotype network and demographic analyses based on the mtDNA COI region showed contrasting genetic structures in the two clades. It was indicated that the population sizes of Clade I had expanded rapidly in a recent period, whereas Clade II had maintained stable population sizes. The habitats of Clade II were typically isolated and scattered at high altitudes, resulting in restricted migration and dispersal because of their discontinuous "Sky Island" habitats. The habitats of Clade I were located at relatively low altitudes, and it was assumed that the populations were continuous, which resulted in a higher frequency of migration and dispersal between populations. Thus, differences in the spatial scale of the adapted habitats of each clade may have resulted in different patterns of population connectivity and fragmentation associated with repeated climatic changes during the Pleistocene. Our study provided new insight into the distributional patterns of cold-adapted aquatic insects in the Japanese Archipelago. Furthermore, the distributional shifts predicted by ecological niche modeling under future climatic change conditions were different for each clade. Therefore, different principles are required in the assessment of each clade to predict temporal changes in their distributions.

A new species and a key to the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Saudi Arabia

A new species, Leiurushadb Al-Qahtni, Al-Salem, Alqahtani & Badry, sp. nov., is described and illustrated from the Majami al-Hadb Protected Area in the Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia. The new species is compared with species of Leiurus distributed in Saudi Arabia, especially L.arabicus Lowe, Yağmur & Kovařík, 2014. The integrated results indicate that the population found in Majami al-Hadb represents a distinct species, which is described herein. Moreover, the molecular analysis is conducted on the mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA to compare L.hadb sp. nov. with samples of L.arabicus and L.haenggii from Saudi Arabia. The analysis revealed a genetic divergence ranging from 6.0 to 12%. The combination of molecular evidence and morphological characteristics provides adequate support for recognizing the Majami al-Hadb population as a distinct species. Additionally, an identification key for the genus Leiurus found in Saudi Arabia is also provided.

The phylogenetic relationship among two species of genus Nebo (Scorpiones: Diplocentridae) from Saudi Arabia and Middle East

BACKGROUND

The genus Nebo has been identified as a medically important scorpion species distributed across Arabia and the Middle East. However, its taxonomic status remains unclear.

AIM

The molecular phylogeny of two Nebo species from Saudi Arabia and comparative sequences from Palestine is presented based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.

METHODOLOGY

Scorpion specimens were collected from two different localities, mainly the Southern part of Saudi Arabia. Then, DNA was extracted, amplified using invertebrate universal primers, and sequenced to identify the COI gene. The obtained sequences were analyzed, and phylogenetic trees based on maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and Bayesian inference were constructed.

RESULTS

The inferred phylogeny indicates the monophyletic status of the family Diplocentridae and its subfamily Nebinae and Diplocentrinae. Also, the phylogenetic analyses support the existence of interspecific and intraspecific variations among/ within Nebo hierichonticus and Nebo yemenensis which may indicate distinct species.

CONCLUSION

Further morphological studies with additional specimens from the Arabian Peninsula may reveal possible undiscovered and cryptic species.

Androctonus tihamicus sp. nov. from the Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia (Scorpiones, Buthidae)

We describe and illustrate a new scorpion species, Androctonus tihamicussp. nov., from the Mecca Province of southwestern Saudi Arabia. The new species is compared to the genus Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828, which is distributed throughout the Middle East, and especially to A. australis (Linnaeus, 1758). We provide the molecular phylogeny for this species.

Morphometric and meristic diversity of the species Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Saudi Arabia

Intraspecific molecular and morphological variations among geographically isolated populations are useful for understanding the evolutionary processes, which is considered early stage of allopatric speciation. Also, the knowledge of the regional variation of scorpion venom composition is needed to improve antivenom therapeutic management. Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) is the most common and medically important species in Arabia and the Middle East. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the geographic morphological variation among A.crassicaudapopulations, regarding its geographical distribution in unexplored arid regions in Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected and examined morphologically under a dissecting microscope from different four eco-geographical regions. The results of ANOVA and multivariate statistical analyses provide strong evidence of geographical variation. The two populations from OTU3 and OUT4 showed the greatest degree of morphological difference from populations of OUT1 and OUT2. Each OTU3 and OTU4 populations showed significant speciation without overlapping in the two groups, while the remaining overlapped groups comprised two other populations. Several body variables influenced male separation, including carapace posterior width, metasoma 3rd length, and metasoma 2nd length. For females, telson length, metasoma 1st width, and sternite 7th width were highly influential variables. Such variation may suggest the existence of cryptic taxa within A. crassicauda populations in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, metasoma ratios can be used as good indicators in intraspecific variation studies of Scorpions.

The Operation Mode of Agricultural Supply Chain Finance Using Blockchain

With the rapid development of agriculture, modern agriculture has achieved remarkable results. Agriculture is the foundation of China's national economy, and the Party Central Committee has always insisted on solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the work of the whole party. However, China's agricultural foundation is weak, and the problem of unbalanced supply and demand structure of agricultural products still exists in agricultural development. With the development of blockchain, the application basis in the agricultural value chain has been established. At present, the research on the application of agricultural value chain financing is still in progress, but it is still in the initial stage. The integration of agricultural finance blockchain is low, and there are a series of problems. Extending blockchain technology to the financial area of agricultural value chains can help overcome the information barriers to traditional agricultural value chain financing and improve access to information resources for traditional agricultural value chains. The high cost of these value chains and inadequate financial management mechanisms remove bottlenecks in financing agricultural development. In this paper, we study the operation model and revenue distribution model of agricultural value chains using blockchain, analyze examples, and finally identify the basic elements of agricultural value chain financing based on sectoral chain technology. It provides theoretical support for the financing decision and production decision of each member of the agricultural supply chain, and it is hoped that the content and conclusions of the study can provide methodological reference and theoretical guidance for agricultural supply chain enterprises.

Application of Computer-Based Simulation Teaching Combined with PBL in Colorectal Tumor Hemorrhage

Objective

This paper aims to explore the use of computer-based simulation teaching combined with PBL in colorectal tumor bleeding.

Methods

The outpatient department organized 21 nursing staffs to conduct computer simulation combined with PBL teaching, compared emergency theory and skill scores, and investigated the recognition of computer simulation teaching combined with PBL.

Results

The scores of theoretical knowledge examination before training were (84.31 ± 6.39) and (92.59 ± 2.93) after training; the scores of treatment skills examination were (85.69 ± 6.15) and (95.43 ± 2.88) after training; the scores of comprehensive treatment skills before training were (76.6 ± 6.31) and (91.43 ± 2.3) after training. The results of the questionnaires showed that the nurses were more agreeable to the new teaching methods and were able to complete the tasks in strict accordance with the requirements, ultimately achieving a level of satisfaction with their progress.

Conclusion

Computer simulation teaching combined with PBL can deepen general practitioners' understanding of knowledge, improve practical ability, and provide a clinical basis for improving patient resuscitation in specialized oncology hospitals.

Mutual Trust Influence on the Correlation between the Quality of Corporate Internal Control and the Accounting Information Quality Using Deep Learning Assessment

There is a close correlation between internal control and accounting information quality in the process of enterprise management, and this correlation drives the effect of internal control on accounting information quality, thus forming the effect that internal control optimization promotes accounting information quality optimization. This paper firstly gives a brief description of internal control and accounting information quality and then evaluates the correlation between internal control and accounting information quality based on deep learning and proposes a specific modeling method. Through the correlation and promotion of internal control and enterprise accounting information quality, the optimization of enterprise accounting information quality is achieved. And in combination with the actual case analysis, it is found that the method of this paper can achieve 92% accuracy of correlation analysis, and the analysis is more efficient.

The Path of Rural Industry Revitalization Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm in the Internet Era

With the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, China has entered a critical stage of transformation and development. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made a major strategic deployment for solidly promoting common prosperity, and clearly put forward that by 2035, the common prosperity of all people will make more obvious substantive progress. In addition, this study also proposes to continue to strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations; select and strengthen township leading groups, members of the village "two committees," especially the Secretary of the grass-roots party organization; give full play to the role of the fighting fortress of the rural grass-roots party organization; and improve the villagers' autonomy mechanism under the leadership of the party organization. In places where conditions permit, we should actively promote the Secretary of the village Party organization to serve as the director of the villagers' committee through legal procedures and strengthen the supervision of "one shoulder" cadres of the village "two committees". We will continue to send the first secretaries and task forces to key villages. We should put more resources in towns and villages, effectively reduce the burden on grass-roots organizations, and let grass-roots cadres devote more energy to helping farmers solve practical difficulties.

Long Noncoding RNA Zinc Finger Antisense 1 Affects Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head by Performing as a ceRNA for MicroRNA-124-3p and Accelerating Transforming Growth Factor Type III Receptor

In recent years, plentiful studies have uncovered the long noncoding RNA's (lncRNA's) momentous functions in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but the specific mechanism has not been fully illustrated. The study was to figure out lncRNA Zinc finger antisense 1 (LncZFAS1)'s biological function and its latent downstream molecular mechanism in glucocorticoid- (GC-) induced ONFH. The results manifested LncZFAS1 and transforming growth factor type III receptor (TGFBR3) were elevated, while microRNA- (miR-) 124-3p was reduced in ONFH tissues and cells. Knockdown LncZFA1 reduced rat femoral cell apoptosis, perfected bone microstructure and bone density, and accelerated osteogenic proteins bone morphogenetic protein- (BMP-) 9, BMP-3, and osteocalcin. In vitro studies manifested knockdown LncZFAS1 prevented GC-induced reduction in osteoblast advancement with facilitating osteoblast calcification capacity, ALP activity, and osteogenic proteins. Elevation of LncZFAS1 further aggravated GC-induced osteoblast injury, but this effect was turned around by enhancement of miR-124-3p or knockdown of TGFBR3. Mechanistically, LncZFAS1 performed as a sponge for miR-124-3p to mediate TGFBR3 expression to motivate GC-induced ONFH. All in all, the results of this study indicate the LncZFAS1/miR-124-3p/TGFBR3 axis is supposed to be a latent therapeutic molecular target for GC-induced ONFH.

Design of Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment System for Ophthalmic Diseases Based on Deep Neural Network Model

Artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly in the field of ophthalmology. Fundus images have become a research hotspot because they are easy to obtain and rich in biological information. The application of fundus image analysis (AI) in background image analysis has been deepened and expanded. At present, a variety of AI studies have been carried out in the clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of eye diseases, and the research results have been gradually applied to clinical practice. The application of AI in fundus image analysis will improve the situation of lack of medical resources and low diagnosis efficiency. In the future, the research of AI eye images should focus on the comprehensive intelligent diagnosis of various ophthalmic diseases and complex diseases. The focus is to integrate standardized and high-quality data resources, improve algorithm efficiency, and formulate corresponding clinical research plans.

A Deep Learning-Based Piano Music Notation Recognition Method

In the era of rapid development of computer technology, piano music notation and electronic synthesis system can be established using computer technology, and the basic laws of music score can be analyzed from the perspective of image processing, which is of a great significance in promoting piano improvement and research and development, etc. In this paper, the Beaulieu analysis method is used to analyze the piano music notation and electronic synthesis system module. For piano sheet music, sheet music recognition is the main problem in the whole system. Through the digital recognition method, the piano sheet music feature matrix is extracted to get the piano sheet music multiplication frequency points and the envelope function needs to be extracted for better electronic synthesis of piano sheet music. The envelope function can represent the relationship between piano sound intensity and time change and finally achieve the recognition of the piano score. We extract the music information from the digital score, thus converting the music information into MIDI files, reconstructing the score, and providing an audio carrier for the score transmission. The experimental results show that the system has a correct rate of 94.4% in extracting music information from piano scores, which can meet the needs of practical applications and provide a new way for music digital libraries, music education, and music theory analysis.